Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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* BY E. B. MTJBKA7 J. G. CLINKSCALES, Editor. TE 8PBXNG treatn, free, con Sjlt is especially who suffer, from inter-county normal institute. fflfegffi;'' ' 'location. Williamston is a post village of Ander? son County, 8. on the Columbia and Greenville Railroad, one hundred and - tw?ntj r5ve miles north of Columbia and rijuefeea miles south of Greenville. ' Trafns leave Columbia and Greenville " V-every day, (except Sunday,) and reach Williamston, without change of cars, in the morningiand afternoon. Teachers from points between Charlotte and At P lanta get tickets to Greenville on the : Air Line Railway, and run down from Greenville, nineteen miles, to William stou, Those who come by way of the Augnsta and Knoxviile, or the Green? wood and Laurens Road, will come to Greenwood, and there change cars for Williamston, forty miles away. A STJMMBE BESOBT. Isi notedihxoughou$,tb,e up-country for ^; ;lhe ?obrietyV morality, and order of its inhabitants, and for its freedom from the ordinary temptations to vice and dissipa? tion.. tBy apeeial act of the Legislature, -^BO ardeat spirits can be sold within three % :miles of th? College. . The community enjoys the advantages of daily communi? cation with all sections Of the country,. <Jwd iBjyet free from thie dissipating influ 1 eac^nseriarable^ from large, towns. In climate, ifiq "remoyed from the hc?t and miasma of the low country. It is free in local cause of sickness, and is indeed jer resort forhealth, on account of rmedicinal spring and its pure atmos? phere. It abounds in cool, clear water; and, a 8h6rt^distance from the College, thtfjoelebrated WILliAMSTOK; CEl sen da forth-its healit stant, inexbbanstil serviceable H . generaldepression and .want of tone, as many delicate persons are liable to do during the summer months. THE COLLEiSE BUILDfiTG contains a spacious and convenient chapel, or study hall, an ample supply ^of recitation and other school rooms, and comfortable accommodations for- about sixty boarders. The literary recitation rooms are all near the study ball in one end of the building, and the marc-1 recitation and practice rooms are all in the other end, so that the quiet of the study hall is not disturbed by the noise of the instruments. LIBRARY. All have free use of the Libraries of | the Faculty and of the College, which ' are receiving carefully selected accessions v from time to'time, and furnish ample <- opportunity for the- formation of a taste for sound literature and the habit of | reading. REFERENCE LIBRARY. Very conveniently arranged in the general study hall, for constantinse, a fine cc'iection of Cyclopedias, Gazetteers, Special Dictionaries, and other works of j reference, affording incalculable advan? tages in the study of almost any subject, will be found. ; MINERALOGICAL cabinet. Includes about 400 specimens of min? erals, carefully classified, and arranged for easy reference and study. Among them are nearly all tbe minerals to be found in our own region, besides many from abroad, supplying as far as may be j T-the places of those which our section does not furnish. . I ll ; MUSEUM. A considerable collection of objects of J ^interest and value, from tbe animal, tbe ^vegetable and the mineral kingdom. ?- \ . . PUBLIC LECTURES. Prominent educators will lecture from time to time during the session. The Lecture Department will be found most interesting. It is the intention of I m the managers to make this department, y like all others, complete. Go*. Richardson and Hon. F. W. Mc Master, Columbia; Hon. W. 0. Benet. and CoL Cothran, Abbeville; Dr. W. M. Grier, Due.Weat i Dr. James H. Carlisle and Prof.F, C. Woodward, Spartanburg; Hon. James H. Bice,'and others promi? nent as. speakers and educators, have .. been invited to deliver evening lectures. A sermon will be preached on Sunday in the interest of teachers and their work. BOARDING. BOard can be bad for fifty cents per day at the hotels and with families in and near the city. Any parties wishing such accommodations are requested to i address Dr. S. Lander, Williamston, S. G, at once. We surest to the teachers to begin now making preparations to attend, and make the most possible out of this rare opportunity. SPECIAL TO TEACHERS. Every teacher who expects to conduct a live, interesting and prosperons school, should not fail to take advantage of the good to be derived from attending the Normal. - In this age of enthusiasm and popular tumult, every teacher should be equipped with the power of organi ion ancl true practical teaching.. We respectfully urge all teachers to attend. If you have never attended an Institute, then surely you should go. If you have attended one, then we feel assured that you will attend this one. It is"those who have never seen or felt tbe great benefits derived from an attend? ance on. an Institute, who need most to attend and who are most likely not to attend. It will be our regret if our teachers do not attend. Our consolation, however^ if Buch should be the case, will be that we did all we could for their comfort, their pleasure and their im? provement, by offering them an opportu? nity so replete to meet face t^. face and fcouss and hc.:r discussed tbe living 'issues of'this progressive age in, their profession. Greenville and Anderson Counties had united for the purpose of holding a joint InstituteYor their white teachers at Wil? liamston,. commencing July 11th and closing July 23d. -Col. James H.Rice, State Superintendent of Education, pro? posed to contribute to the expense of the Institute from tbe Peabody. Fund if th?-J doore of, the Institute were opened to the I {eschers of tbe State. This proposition I F & CO. has been accepted and the teachers of the State and the friends of education in general are hereby invited to attend the Institute. instbuction. The faculty selected guarantees the success of the Institute. The instruction given will be of the highest character and eminently profitable, coming as it does from live, progressive, experienced and successful teachers. Dr. Klemm is well known to all who attended the State Normal Institute at Green vi lie last sum? mer as an educator, of the highest rank. He i3 possessed of extensive information, a fluent and attractive speaker, and is thoroughly devoted to his profession. Dr. Lander needs no introduction to .the teachers of the State. His scholarly attainments, coupled with his well known reputation as a successful teacher and lecturer, is assurance sufficient that no dull, tiresome hours will come from his department of the work. Prof. Morrison is a graduate of Wofford College, with several years experience as a teacher and superintendent of graded schools, a pleasant talker and active worker, coming down to the real needs of | the practical teacher in actual school work. . Miss Leonard has much experience as a teacher and an-institute worker, and is one of the best in the State. course "of study. This will include all those subjects of most importance to the teachers in the public and private schools of the State. While the time that can he given to any subject will not be sufficient for a full and extended study of it, yet it will be the aim of the instructor to combine with an exhaustive treatment of some parts of it a careful study of. the best methods of treating the whole iu the class room. Iu order the more successfully to accomplish this, each subject has been assigned to a teacher who has made a special study of | that subject both in the school room and in Normal School work. All exercises will be short and pointed, with short in* termissions at stated times. Teachers present will be. expected to take an active part in all exercises. As far as possible, the school will, in every respect, be con? ducted on the plan of a model school for children. School" Government, History, Lan? guage and Language Lessons, Spelling, Beading, Arithmetic, Grammar, Physi? ology, Geography, Calisthenics, Penman-, ship and Elocution, will constitute the line of work. J. G. Clinkscales, School Commissioner Anderson Co. W. D. Mayfield, School Commissioner Greenville Co. A Technical Point. "Lawyers and witnesses, as a general thing, use all their tact in endeavoring to get the best of each other during the course of an examination," remarked a well known lawyer in the hearing of a reporter in the court bouse this morning, "but one of the most laughable incidents that I can remember occurred in an East Tennessee County a good many years ago. A decidedly sensational breach of ] promise case was being heard, and sereral of the 'big guns' iu the legal army had been employed on both sides, among the number a youthful barrister from Koox ville, who was then fresh from college, but has since attained distinction as a jurist. "The little town of L-: was in a state of feverish excitement; the Court House was packed, and a bitter feeling existed between the opposing factions. The cross examinations were trying the ingenuity of the counsel on both sides, and very often Judge H-, who was on the bench, would have to come to the rescue of either the excited witness or the baffled interrogator. "Reuben Barnes was put upon the stand by the prosecution; he bad been employed as a farm hand by the com? plainant's father during the time the alleged courtship was in progrees, and of course was supposed to have observed many things that would have a hearing on the case. He proved to be incorrigi? ble, and was frequently threatened with the jail unless he answered questions. The young lawyer whom I mentioned was conducting, the cross-examination, and a squabble ensued between the attor? neys as to the admission of certain ques? tions. Barnes got mixed up in it, and when the attorney asked him a question that he did not understand he asked for an explanation. " 'Mr. Barnes,' replied the attorney, who was getting very angry, 'that is a technical point in law that -.you need know nothing about. You will please tell the court and jury whatlyou saw with your own eyes on the last Sunday even? ing in May as you passed through the orchard toward the calf lot.' " 'Wall, I saw Dick and Sarah sitting nnder an apple tree.' " 'What were they doing?' "'They 'peared to be sittin' longside each other on an old sassafras stump.' " 'Was there anything in their actions to indicate that they were engaged in more than a friendly conversation.?' " 'Wall, yes,' slowly ejaculated Barnes, while the whole court aud spectators held their breath, 'I seed 'em gum-suck? ing', lally gaggin' and sich.' "'Now, sir,' exclaimed the lawyer, j jumping to his feet with an exclamation of triumph, 'will you please tell me what you mean by lally gaggin'?'* " 'That, sir/ replied the witness, imi? tating as far as possible, the pompous tone of his interlocutor, 'is er teckernickle pint in courting that you needn't know nothing about 1' "It was too much, even for sedate old Judge H., aad the scattering locks bobbed up and down on his bald pate as he screened his face behind a law book and laughed until he cried. As for the crowds-well, as soon as the Judge could regain his self-control, court adjourned for dinner." ? A Wisconsin man was so angry on returning home to find that during his absence his wife had had the shade trees in front trimmed so that their beauty was ruined that he refused to sleep in the -house, spent the night in the barn, caught ? n.o\d and died. And yet they say that wjmen have no rights. STRANGE PEOPLE. Bill Arp Docs Not Understand the North, enters. Wei), they are certainly the strangest people in the world?those yankees I mean?those northern brethren of ours. Was there ever such a conglomeration, such a cross, envious, hateful-good na? tu red, magnanimous brotherly mixture? Listen at Sherman and listen at Hoar. Listen at Sherman down south and Sher? man up north. Hear Fairchild with his hyena scream about the southern flags and then see the generous banquet that Boston prepared for the E. ?. Lee post of ex-confederates. See Mr. Cleveland and his adjutant-general trying to be kind and forgiving to the south by returning the trophies of the conquerous and then hear the devilish yell of our enemies. What a world of comfort there is in the noble words of Senator Hoar when he said: We, too, have learned to know, as we never knew before, the quality of the noble southern stock. What courage in war; what attachment to home and State; what capacity for great affection and generous emotion; what aptness for command; above all, what constancy? that virtue beyond all virtues, without which no people can long be either great or free. [Applause.] After all the fruit of this vine has a flower not to be found in other gardens. In the great and mag? nificent future which is before our coun? try you are to contribute a large share both of strength and of ornament. Mr. Secretary Lamar, in his oration at the unveiling of the statue of Calhoun, at Charleston, for which I am happy to. take this occasion to express my admira? tion, does not exaggerate when he declares that the late appeal to arms "has led to the indissolubility of the American union and the universality of American freedom." [Applause.] That is the kind of talk that whips us. Mr. Hoar can go through the length and breadth of the south and find welcome at every door. I invite him now to my house, and even Mrs. Arp says he may come, and that's Baying a good deal for her. We know that he is a republican, but he is a gentleman, and bis heart is all right. But all such as Sherman and Ingalls, and Fairchild, and Foraker, and Halstead, and that reverend son of Beel? zebub, John Bhey Thompson, may stay at home, and shinny on their own side. If they love to be depised by about five millions of good people, they are wel? come. We want peace and fraternity and they say no, you shan't have it. The north wonders that there is a solid south. There always will be as long as the north has a solid bate. We may quarrel about office and rings and the tariff, but as long as the north slanders us we will be a unit. If I was the repub? lican party and wanted to break up the solid south and capture a State or two I would do it through kindness. That is the only weapon that can whip us. I know it, for I am just one of our people, a type of the average and Mr. Hoar has whipped me already. But I never did see such a people, while Mr. Cleveland is writing a beautiful letter to Queen Victoria and paying tribute to her vir? tues and wishing her long life and peace and prosperity, and while her English and Scotch subjects are celebrating her 50th anniversary, in Boston there is a bowling mob outside trying to break it up and it took all the Boston police to keep them from breaking down the doors. What kind of a people have they got up north? We don't do that way down here. Our people wouldent insult a noble woman. We can be frieod'i to Ireland without doicg dishonor to the queen of England?a queen who has reigned longer than any queen that ever lived and who has tried to do right and set a good example to womankind every? where. She has raised some bad boys, but she diden't mean to, and I reckon it was our pretty American women who led them astray. She has been the best queen that England ever had. I am for Queen Victoria, I. am, and she is a good friend to Ireland to-day as Parnell or any other man. The great question is, is Ireland a friend to herself? But after all it is not strange that the north is so broken up, and as Webster said so "dissevered, discordant, belliger? ent." Foreigners are arriving now at an average rate of 5,000 a day, anS they come with all sorts of opinions and all sorts of prejudices. Thank the good Lord that they do not come down here. Here is the hope of the country, the sal- j vation of the government. Here is con-1 servation and peace, and law and order, j Here are good morals and good princi? ples. We havent got much money, but we don't think as much of money as some folks. Our highest regard is for some? thing that we can carry with us when we die. I would rather leave my children good principles, truth, honesty and integrity, than money, and so had every father who has the right sort of love for his children. I would rather be Marion Rowland, my humble tenant, than Jay 3ould, for there are many promises to the poor and none to the rich that I know of. I don't want to be squeezed through a needle's eye to get to heaven. But still there are some hopeful signs up north?and they encourage us and lift us up in hope and faith. The grand army met at Saratoga and all the vindic? tive resolutions about the southern flags were laid upon the table and the southern army of the northern Potomac was invited to meet with the northern army at Gettysburg next year. That is all right, and we will meet. Let Fairchild take a back seat. If he wants to whip us again let him try it single-handed. Our boys will settle that matter like Cap? tain John Smith settled it with the Turks three centuries ago. I'll bet ten dollars against ten cents that Fairchild won't come to time, and John Bhey Thomp? son's legs will carry ;m the other way in spite of his malice. Our people are getting along very well no*. Mr. Seney set us up in Oxford and that institution is all right. I rejoiced to read about their last com? mencement. It is the most hopeful sign of the south?those boys are doing splen? did. When boys can make n. locomotive out aud out, and can write scientific* treatises on the valves and pistons, and steam chests, and driving wheels and ANDERSON, S. C, 1 boilers, that is good enough. I have been waiting for that a long time. When one of my boys is a skilled me? chanic and can build an engine, or a bridge, or a railroad, I feel eure of him. It beats law or medicine and it beats politics with all its hypocrisy. I met some good people in New York the other day?some splendid people?my old friend Andrew H. H. Dawson had a gathering at his house, and I was delighted. Mrs. Bryan was there, and she is one among a thousand. Who of | the southland does not love Mrs. Bryan ? How bright, how pretty, how genial she was. She is now getting eight thousand dollars a year as critic for Munro, and Bays she does not earn her money, and feels ashamed to receive it, but she does. She is a born critic, a kind critic and loves her people. I do think she has the sweetest and most intellectual face I ever saw. Well, she was there and so was Dr. Hill, the son of General D. H. Hill, and there was Chancellor Smith and Mr. and Mrs. Malone, of Milledge ville, and Colonel Duyckman, of Vir? ginia, who was the friend of Mrs. Felton, and nursed Howard when he was sick unto death, and when Mrs. Felton asked him to go after Dr. Newman to come and pray for Howard, he went, and not beiDg very reverential so far as his knees were concerned, be asked Dr. Newman to make his prayer reasonably short, and the reverend doctor said: "I've got you now where I want you. You have been playing off tricks on me, and now I will make you kneel on your marrow bones for half an hour." Duyckman says be never did bear so long a prayer, and his comfort is that Howard got well. - Bob Ingersoll writes a nice note, but be had company of his own. I would have been pleased to have met him, for I have great respect for him. He is a good man, even if he is mistaken. Mr. Beecher said the best thing to him when he told him that a man with a crutch'! tried to cross the street, and a fellow came along and. knocked the crutch from under him and never gave him any sub? stitute. I read tbat Mr. Ingersoll says he will never utter another word against, the Christian religion. If it is nothing but a crutch it is better than no crutch. I am glad tbat he said that much, and wish that he had said it long ago. Bill Abp. The Story of Five Young Meu of Geor? gia. Soon after the close of the war six young men entered college from a small town in Georgia. They were the sons of | gentlemen whohad been fortunate enough to save something from the wreck caused by the abolition of slavery and the inva? sion of the Federal armies. The young men ranked well in college, and when their course was completed they were fairly equipped for making a living. Five of them became lawyers and one of ] tbem a doctor of medicine. Of the five who entered the legal pro? fession one became dissatisfied with his pecuniary gains at the end of two years and made up his mind that he would have nothing more to do with courts and juries. He determined tbat he would educate himself to work with his hands. Accordingly, he went to Massachusetts and entered a school of technology. He had just money enough to pay his ex? penses during his course, and consequent? ly made the most of his opportunities. He graduated as a skilled machinist, and at once sought employment in the shops of a railroad in a State which borders on Georgia. His employers were not slow to discover tbat be was of great value to them, so they gradually promoted him until be became Superintendent of the sbops with a talary of ?2,500 a year. Under bis guidance the employees be? came better workmen. In the course of | time the owners of the railroad found it unnecessary to send North for engines and cars, for the young Georgian demon? strated that they could be built in the shops under his control. The president of an Illinois railroad made his acquaint? ance and was favorably impressed by bis ability. The result was an offer of the position of superintendent of large rail? road shops in an Illinois city. The sala? ry was $3,500. When the owners of the railroad for which the young Georgian was working were informed of the offer, they said: "Stay with ub, we will give you $5,000 a year." He stayed. In lees than a year he was made general super? intendent of the railroad, with a salary of $7,500 a year. Subsequently, he was offered a position as general superinten? dent of a Canadian railroad. He accept? ed the offer, and he now receives for his services $10,000 a year. The five young men whom the young Georgian left in his native town contin? ued their struggle to win fortune and renown. Two of the lawyers have served terms in the General Assembly. Only ~<e of tbem has made and saved as much as $10,000. Two have property worth, perhaps $2,500, but they are de? pendent upon their practice for their living. The fourth would have starved if be had not had his father's assistance. The physician is still alive, but he bad saved nothing and is in debt. The story of these young men teaches a lesson. The professions of law and medicine in Georgia are so crowded that only a few can make reputation and money in them. The man, however, whose mind and hands are educated can hardly fail to take a high position and to gain a competency, if not a fortune.? Savannah News. ? The Douglassville, Ga., Star tells the following snake story : "A short time ago Mr. Aderhold, of Douglassville, saw a large black snake drive a partridge away from ber nest and swallow the eggs. A few days later Mr. McEIathers, of the same town, saw a convey of young part, ridges fly out, one by one, from the snake's mouth and gather around it. They had evidently just been batched from the eggs in the snake's belly, and the reptile seemed very fond of tbem. Not long after this Mr. Butler observed the snake gliding through a patch of oats and picking the kernels from the out beads. After filling its mouth the snake would drop the. kernels on the ground lo feed the young partridges as they followed it," HUKSDAY M0ENI1 FACTS ABOUT TURNIPS. An Important Crop that Can he Planted with Profit hy Southern Farmers. The farmers in this section are elated over the prospect for a good crop of both corn and cotton. Oats are not very good on account of dry weather. Wheat is fair and will be of good quality if no wet spell catches it in the field. We hare had fine seasons during the early part of the month, and if they continue we will make abundant corn crops in this section. As this is the season of the year to begin preparation for a turnip crop, I will confine my remarks to this subject. In the absence of a piece of land set apart for the purpose, with cattle or sheep penned on it and kept well ploughed, I prefer a piece of good stub? ble land, provided preparation is begun as Boon as the grain is cut. The land should be well ploughed at once, unless it is too hard. In that event it should be ploughed deep after the first rain. By commencing the ploughing at once we get the stubble turned and it decays very rapidly. I have thought, when well prepared, stubble land holds moisture longer and pulverizes better than clean land set apart^br the purpose. It is very important in getting a stand of tur? nips that the stubble should be ploughed often in order that all the grain on it may sprout. If we would succeed with turnips, we should haul out all the manure we can get, even fifteen or twenty two-horse loads to the acre, on the first opportunity, and broadcast it over the land. The manure at this season will be finer than that made in winter, for we take it for granted that every wide awake farmer cleaned out all his stalls and pens for comfort in the winter. If well manured with the kind mentioned, it is far better for turnips than any commercial fertilizer' that we can get. Avoid land that has oats in it, as the oats will be more trouble to eradicate than grass or weeds. We can get rid of the oats if they are in the manure by hauling out in time to be ploughed during the season in the land for the oats to germinate. It takes a good rain to cause oats to germinate at that season of the year, therefore wheat or barley stubble is preferable. A great many farmers will allow oats to remain in the turnips if they come up on the land, hoping to make a crop of both tur? nips and oats, but the two will not do well together, and the result is they neither make oats nor turnips. After a thorough preparation of the land lay off rows two and a half feet apart, bed up with anything that suits and drag down the beds by running a good two-horse harrow across the rows, which will leave them in oval shape and well pulverized. To get a stand of tur? nips, two things are necessary: First, good, fresh seed, and plenty of them, say two pounds per acre,* second, a good sea? son. After planting, press the beds with a roller or anything that will answer the purpose. A harrow, turned upside down and dragged lengthwise of the row, answers very well, and is a very good thing to cover the seed with, answering a two-fold purpose. I want to mention here that I attach a great deal of impor? tance to fresh seed. We often lose a stand of turnips by planting seeds that have been carried over one, two, or even more seasons. Such seeds have not lost their vitality, but they will not germi? nate as soon as fresh seeds by twenty-four hours. Rains in summer often are so light that the land becomes dry in a short while; hence, if old seeds are planted, we fail -to get a good stand until we have favorable weather. I usually plant rutabagas from the 1st of August to the 25th. If I fail to get a stand of them, or don't get a favorable season to plant about that time, I plant the yellow aberdeen in September. I prefer the rutabaga if I can get a good stand in August, as they keep better than any other turnip we have, and are, per? haps, more nutritious for stock, but for table use the aberdeen are equal to the rutabaga, and taking into consideration that they will grow larger and will bear later planting, I don't know that I have much preference. In fact, if I was not going to plant for stock I don't know but I would prefer the aberdeen to any other, as it gives longer time for prepa? ration of land, by which we get rid of all grass and weed. The aberdeen should not be planted before the last of August and can be planted and do well up to the last of September. The flat Dutch, a purple-top, is excellent for early table use, but will not keep well in winter, therefore only a few should be sown. For winter and spring salads there is none equal to the seven-top. I consider it the poor man's turnip. Any one can plant it and succeed, for it will thrive under careless treatment much better than either of the above mentioned varieties. The flowers of it in spring are very valuable for bees and will produce ten bushels or more of seed per acre, under favorable circumstances, and esti? mating them at 10 cents per pound, an acre would bring $55. I Bold $50 worth i two years ago from five-eighths of an acre. 11 sold $45 worth to one firm at one ship? ment. Last year I sold about $70 worth of turnips from an acre and a half of land, besides what we used and fed away to stock. I mention ti ese facts to show that we can make more money than we think on such things. Plant turnips, brother farmers, and if we do not find a market for them they are worth ten cents per bushel to feed to stock. The cost will not exceed five cents per bushel. I have sold the most that I made the past three years, netting me forty to fifty cents per bushel, and if I lived near a large market I don't know of anything that would be more renu merative than a turnip crop. Of course if we are so fortunate as to realize the above price it will not pay to feed them to stock. I usually take my turnips up from the middle to the last of December, haul them to where I intend to bank them, cut off the salad and tap root, and bank them in a long row, about eight feet wide and four feet high. When fin? ished, I put on straw-ground cane, or any coarse material, and throw on dirt, com? mencing at the base, until wilhiu 6ix or eight inches of the top is reached, leaving the top open for air. The top should be covered with a wide plank to keep out JULY 7, 1887. rain, Thus put up, turnips are good all winter and far into the spring, and are always accessible for feeding stock or for table use; but if left in the patch the hard freezes will affect the crown, con? sequently they will not keep well and are not accessible to feed to stock in frozen weather. I am aware that a great many people fail with turr.ipB, but I think they are about as sur3 a crop as any other, provided we give the same attention as we do other crops.?/. D. Fooshe, in the Weekly News and Courier. He Thought he Owned a Slave. Atlanta, June 26.?Mr. A. McD. Wilson, a wholesale merchant of this city does business in the renroteat parts 0' Geoagia, and with a great ma ay old timo people. He has many customers in Gilmer County, a small but very wealthy county in Northern Georgia., almost on the North Carolina line. This county is not well developed, there being few towns, and the farmers are ia every in? stance largo planters, raising everything they need at home, very much as they did before the war. They have their superintendents as in olden times, and in a great many instances work their former slaves?as servants that have ministered to the wants of the family for many years back. The planters in this section do not go about much, but stay at home and look after tbe large interests they have there. Tbe negroes have never been used to anything different. They lave passed from slavery into freedom without scarce? ly being aware of the change. They have knewn their masters all their lives, and a feeling of dependence has been inculcat? ed in tbem that makes them loath to leave tbe old plantation and start on their own responsibility. They get a'.l they want to eat and drink and enough clothes for the exigencies of the climate, which is very mild. It is not to be won ? dered at that they still consider them? selves the property of their masters. It was a merchant of one of tbe cros 3 roads stores of Gilmer County that a few days ago sent Mr. A. McD. Wilson of this city, to whom he owed a email amount, a note offering to give, among other forms of security, a mortgage on "One Negro Man." This mortgage, it appears, was tendered to tbe cross roads merchant by one of tbe farmers of that county to secure a debt due the grocer, and the grocer endorsed the note and sent it to Mr. Wilson, together with the mortgage in payment of tbe i.mount due Mr. Wilson. The unhappy negro was accurately described in tbe mortgage. In tbe description his name is given as Joe Addison, and bis age put at 65 years. Tho description closes with these words: "He came to me by my father, and bus been my property for twenty years." The mortgage bears tbe date of July 15, 1885. Tbe maker of tbo mortgage was evidently under the impression that the negro was still his slave, und that be had the right to buy a loan (in his bead as he did before tbe sixties. What is still more singular, the merchant to whom tbe mortgage was given did not see anything wrong in tbe security offered. Mr. Wilson returned tbe note, together with, the mortgage, yesterday, telling tbe party that he preferred some more tangi? ble security. Keely's Motor. Inventor John W. Keely has just is? sued a printed card of instructions to those who may visit his workshop dur? ing the hour set apart for visitors. In it be says: "I am now engaged in what I term the process of 'graduating' or adjust? ing my engine, by which I moan securing a regulated and uniform speed or motion of it. This, when effected, w 11 finish my work, which will be known fus the 'Sym? pathetic Etheric Motor,' and my new force will then be adapted to commercial purposes. Visitors will observe, on en? tering my shop, my power-developing structure, termed tbe 'Sympathetic Etheric Liberator,' which hangs suspend? ed on the second door in a tabular ring, and from which a wire of small diameter, and made of alternate sections of platin? um and silver, extends to an attachment affixed to ons end of tbe shaft of tbe en? gine which 1 am graduating." He then goes on to explain the advan? tages of bis "liberator," and to expatiate ob the arduous duties he b:,s been com? pelled to perform to reach tbe successful control of the motor on which he is working. He repeats the promises he has made for the last ten years to explain by diagrams, etc., which be mall publish to tbe world, the wonderful mechanism of his motor?when he has completed his present process of adjustment. Labor and Drlak. The New York Tribune hf.s an editorial on the "labor and the drink evil," sug? gested by Mr. Powderly's speech at Lynn. Commenting on the statement that in one Pennsylvania county, in a single year, $17,000,000 was spent for liquor, and it was estimated that $11,000,000 of the amount came from workingmen, it says "that nay very well be a just estimate, for it has been calcu? lated that between $400.000,000 and $500,000,000 yearly is spent upon drink by tbe workingmen of the entire country. Looking at the matter solely as one of profit and loss, bow can any practical man hope to bring labor up to tbe plane of natural possibilities while it is being drained of its resources by l;he saloon. Yet the workingmen's leiders seem to think that, though the drink evil is for? midable enough to demand occasional remonstrance and denunciation, it is not formidable enough to be made tbe object of organized action. This is a grave error of judgment. Facta and figures prove that American labor suffers from no external influences a tit be of tbe barm which it inflicts upon itself; and it is equally clear that this self-inflicted injury olten paralyzes its efforts to obtain release from the burdens which are imposed on it from without. If anything is to be done to stop the fearful waste of capital, health, character, life itself, which tbe drink habit entails, there must be .1 great temper.nce movement within the ranks of labor. Where is (he Peter, the Hermit, who will preach this crusade?" TO THE FARMERS OF THE STATE. An Open Letter From President Duncan, of the State Agricultural Society. By invitation -the summer meeting of the society will convene upon the grounds of the Inter State Farmers' Sum? mer Encampment to be held at Spartan burg, S. C, the first week in August next. The society will hold its business meeting on Wednesday, the 3rd. The regular programme of essays and discus? sions by the society will take place on Thursday the 4th, this day being assign? ed by the arranging committee as the State Agricultural and Mechanical Soci? ety day. As you are aware, it has been our cus? tom to have a representation of three delegates from each county. While we wish to urge upon the members to see to it that each county sends a delegation, at the same time we call your attention to the fact that this is a meeting of the society, and all members are entitled to be present, and we hope as many will attend as possible. This Inter State Farmers' Summer Encampment meeting has been so thor? oughly advertised that it is unnecessary to say more than to urge as many as pos? sible to be present. It will be the largest concourse of farmers proper that has ever before assembled for the pur? pose for which this meeting is organized; it will be fraught with various matters of material interest to all farmers, and it is eminently proper, if not absolutely nec? essary, that your society be fully repre? sented, it beiDg the only "simon pure" agricultural organization in the State that has for its object the discussion and development of purely agricultural sub? jects,' and of matters that apply to the farmei's everyday life. It is true we have the order of the Patrons of Husbandry, under whose aus? pices this Farmers' Inter State Encamp? ment is to be held. The Granges have their social and educational features, which carry along with it its lady mem? bership, and while we individually think it the best and most perfect organization in all its equipments the farmer has ever bad, yet it has failed to keep its hold on the rank and file of our farmers. Then we have the Farmers' Movement organization, which has developed into an organization whose prime object is to look after and protect the farmers' polit? ical rights, to watch over aud see that such legislation as is necessary for bis interest be secured, and to take charge of all matters of a like character, which all will readily acknowledge to be preemi? nently proper. But never before in the history of our agricultural interest has there been more need of a vitalizing cut rent than at this time. Farmers are day by day being aroused to the fact that they, too, must be progressive. This is the age of less acres and a greater pro? duct from them; improvements in implements, in cultivation, in seeds, and in all kinds of farm equipments ; and where should and where will the farmers look for this vitalizing current if not in the State Agricultural and Mechanical Society ? For the past twenty years, since your reorganization after the war, your society han been doing a good work, both in the discussions of agricultural subjects at our summer meetings, as well as by a general display of all things appertaining to our calling at our annual State fairs, and it will be only natural, after all spasmodic efforts are expended, for our farmers to turn to your society to inquire what is the news from the agricultural watch tower. Therefore we would again urge you to be present at the Snartan burg meeting. Let the members in each county bold a meeting on Salesday in July, and if not more than a delegation of three can attend let them decide upon those and forward the names to Thomas W. Holloway, Pomaria, S. C. We have been in the habit of making special rates of transportation for delegates to our summer meetings, but this is one at which there will be so large an atten? dance outside of the society that we are using our efforts to get unusually low rates for all, which will be announced at an early day. D. P. Duncan, President. Union, June 27,1887. Harrison and the Farmer. General Harrison, during his mouth's sojourn at the White House, made him? self very popular, says Ben. Perley Poore. He arose every morning with the sun, took a long walk, often returning through the market. On one of these occasions he bought a new milch cow from a neigh? boring farmer and requested him to drive it to the President's house. The General was there to attend to the animal, and invited the farmer to take some refresh? ments, procured a bowl of hot coffee, ham and eggs, and continued conversa? tion with him about farming. The farmer, having finished bis break? fast, remarked to the General : "You have bought my cow and given me $2 more than I asked, and a good breakfast besides, bvj if it wouldn't be too much trouble, I would like to have a look at the President before I go." "I am the President," replied the General. The farmer at first looked incredulous, having taken his hospitable friend for the steward, but convinced of his mis? take, with much frankness observed : "Well, General, I voted against you at the election, but I didn't know you then."? Chicago Herald. 'Tis the Lady Wasp that Sting?. The male wasp never stings. But bo long as he and his sister are twins and dressed exactly alike this bit of knowl? edge availeth nothing to the careless man who does not know it is the lady who is approaching him, until it be that she smiteth him with her bustle. What humanity demands of science in the case of the wasp is the invention of some prompter method of distinguishing be? tween monsieur and inadaownzzle at forty yards.?Science Gossip. ? There are some very mean men in this world, but the Picayune of New Orleans has found one who takes the palm. He uses the wart on the back of his neck for a collar button. VOLUM] PBOMBITHW. By Eev. W. T. B?lling, D. D. The temperance question more and more furces itself upon tbe minds of the people, and has become one of tbe lead? ing questions of the day. There is some questions among tbe friends of tbe cause as to tbe best means of bringing about tbe end so much desired by all?tbe utter banishment of the liquor business from among us. High license, local option and constitutional prohibition each has earnest supporters. I confess myself a supporter of tbe latter as tbe only effec? tive and tbe only just means of reaching the overthrow of the traffic. The traffic in intoxicating liquor is either right, or wrong. If right, then any legislation which differentiates" it from any other business and stamps it by such a process as an evil thing to be controlled is unjust to tbe business. If wrong then tbe duty of tbe government is at once clear. No sane man will for a moment deny it to be the duty of tbe government to protect tbe moral as well as tbe material life of the people, because every government has vigorously looked after such morai inter? ests in such legislatiou as may prohibit tbe things which endanger the moral wellbeing of tbe citizen. Upon this ground is all legislation against obscene literature, gambling and other things regarded as menaces to the moral life of the people. Each of these is prohibited, and only because tbe government recog? nizes its duty to protect tbe moral life of the masses. What an astounding thing would it be for tbe government to propose to license these things and put a pre mium on morality! Strangely enough, however, tbe proposition is made, and often acted upon, that though tbe liquor traffic is a moral evil of such proportion as to menace the moral life of the people, the government must not prohibit it, but license the curse and put tbe citizen in peril for a revenue. Once establish this as a principle in our government, and we must put the moral life of the people in tbe market to tbe highest bidder and reverse every recognized duty of the government to tbe governed. If, then, tbe question as to tbe liquor traffic being an evil thing is admitted, then tbe duty of the government to pro? hibit it is at once clear on tbe basis of j simple justice. If, ;.pon tbe other hand, the business is right, then any process of tbe government to brand it by requiring it to pay an enormous tax is a gross in? justice to a proper'and praiseworthy line of business. ? Why should the saloon be charged a high license and the man en? gaging in it be required to establish a good moral character, while his next door neighbor, the grocery merchant, is requir? ed to do neither of these things? The simple fact is that the State recognizes the business of the former as wrong, but io violation of duty to tbe people pro? ceeds to license it. This view of the case shows that legis? lation to prohibit the sale of liquor is not of a sumptuary character, but entirely different from it, and in lieu of regular means employed by the State to protect tbe morals of its people. Sumptuary law would regulate what a man may or may not purchase, while prohibitory law set? tles what he may or may not sell or do. What man would say what bis fellow should not buy during a cholera epide? mic, but what man doubts tbe privilege and duty of a city government prohibiting the sale of certain thing at the same time? Prohibition is right because it is in the line of duty of tbe government. When any evil imperils tbe good of the people, and when the government bo far forgets this duty as to license that evil, it must put duty aside and deliberately barter the good of the people for gain. That any law will prevent crime entire? ly is not to be boped for so long as man remains as be is, and hence prohibition will not prevent tbe illegal sale of liquors entirely. But properly enforced, such a law may and will be as operative as law against theft or murder; and to plead that it cannot be enforced, and therefore should not be put in operation, is to sur? render to lawlessness and acknowledge tbe helplessness of any government. There is no doubt of the enforcement of the law in Kansas, and the people of | that progressive State are more and more in favor of it every day. The end of the liquor reign in politics is at hand, and of the business not far distant. On with the revolution {?Southern Christian Advocate. Plowing in Dry Weather. If there occur prolonged spells of dry weather, and the clean condition of the crop?the absonce of grass and weeds makes it unuecessary to use plow or sweep for their destruction., the question will arise whether it is a good general rule to plow a cotton field when there has been no rain since last plowing and tbe field is absolutely clean of weed. Tbe question will occur to any farmer of a few years' experience, and it is certainly a practical one. Some farmers believe in plowing deeper as the ground becomes dryer, claiming that deep plowing will "bring up the moisture." Now, deep plowing will "bring up tbe moisture," in tbe sense tbat tbe moist soil that lies several inches below the surface will be brought to the surface; but we can see no benefit or advantage in removing the soil with its contained moisture from the neighborhood of the plant roots (where it can do tbe most good), and bringing it to the surface to be immediately dried by the sun and wind. Our own experience and observation are opposed to the prac? tice of plowing a field tbat has been once thoroughly plowed since any rain has fallen. It may not result in actual barm to the growing crop, and tbe latter may even be benefited, but it is extremely doubtful if the "game be worth the can? dle."? Southern Cultivatorfor July. ? Wingfield J. Scott, a young man of good family and position in Milwaukee, died recently from a blow on the eye inflicted by tbe father of his girl. Scott was calling on her oue night and tbe old man coming iu from hin club full of iiberty and liquor struck the young man in the eye. Several operations became necessary, and finally the young man died. The old mau should have stuck to the boot. That never kills. E XXII.- -NO. 52. How to PrcYeut Clilclcen Cholera. It may be well for the poultry readers of the Southern Cultivator to bear in mind during the next three months more adult fowls will die than for the other nine months of the year combined. In July, August and September dead grown chickens are met with everywhere, under the roosts, about the fence corners, and in the alleys. At this season of the year that dread scourge of the poulty yard, chicken cholera, stalks abroad and its victims are legion. But why come in the autumn rather than at any other season of the year? Because then it is that our birds are all run down after laying and hatching sea? son, their natural vitality is at a mini? mum, the heat is intense, lice are numer- ? ous, water frequently is foul, and they are beginning to moult, which latter ordeal of itself generally finishes the oldest and most feeble. The stench that pervades some chicken-houses of a hot summer night would kill a human being to inhale it one week.^Then why sub* ject the fowls to such unhealthy condi? tions and ?pect them to remain strong and vigorous. Ventilate t&at old hen? house. Knock off the planks at the top of the sides; you can nail them on again in the late fall. Lattice it up and leave plenty of ventilation. Let the air pass through it like a sieve. All the chickens want in the way of a house at night in the summer time is a sheltcr^from the rain. Clean it out thoroughly and loosen up the earth in the bottom of it. Whitewash it thoroughly inside and out. Wash the roosting perches with copperas water (green vitriol) and throw fresh lime underneath them. Don't stop with the first efforts, but make it a rule to renovate once a week, carrying out the droppings, washing the perches and sprinkling the lime about. See to it that the folws have a good place to wallow. Without their dust bath the poor things will be over-run with lice. The dust to them is what water is to us. It cleanses and invigor? ates them and improves their plumage. Give them plenty of pure fresh water. This matter must not be neglected at this season of the year. Through their drinking water we may possess the power to stay their arch enemy, cholera; mix i? and keep on hand a solution as follows: Dissolve in two gallons of water half a pound of sulphate of iron and one ounce of sulphuric acid; add this to their drinking water of a morning in prepara? tion of a teaspoonful to each pint of water. This may be given three times a week for the next three months with most excellent results. If, however, aey of the birds show any indications of dys? entery, omit the solution for a while and put a little sulphate of copper (blue ' stone] in the water?just enough to turn the latter slightly bue. This remedy has never failed to check up and set right our chickens whenever they exhibited any signs of dysentery or cholera.' Keep plenty of fresh lime about, and give the fowls access to green food, and then you need have no fears of chicken cholera ? H. B, Geer in Southern Cultivator for July, Our Big Country. The State of Texas alone is larger than either the Austrian Empire, the German Empire, France, Spain or Sweden. Cal? ifornia, Dakota and Montana are sepa? rately larger than Norway. New Mexico is as large as Great Britain and Ireland* and larger than Italy. Kansas is consid? erably larger than Turkey in Europe Florida is as large as England and Wales. Kentucky is larger than Portugal. In? diana is larger than Ireland or Scotland. Maryland and Vermont are each but a trifle smaller than Belgium. Take it as a whole, the United States are vastly larger than any European country except Russia. The land in actual use for growing corn, wheat, hay, oats and cotton in the whole country now consists of 275,500 square miles, or a fraction less than the area of the State of Texas. The entire wheat crop of the United States could be grown on wheat land of the best quality selected from that part of the area of the State of Texas by which that State exceeds the present area of the German Empire. The cotton facto? ries of the world now require about 12,000,000 bales of cotton of American weight. Good land in Texas produces one bale to an acre. The world's supply of cotton could, therefore, be grown on less than 19,000 square miles, or upon an area equal to only seven per cent, of the erea of Texas.?Century. Late Summer Crops. ? In addition to peas there are a few other crops whose planting may still continue, success being dependent more upon seasons. It should be remembered that late planted crops require rich soil and deep preparation. Forage crops of com, millet, sorghum, etc., may still be made, but will not amount to much with? out good ground, good preparation and reasonable seasons. If such plantings be made and the plants started off in July, the August rains are frequently sufficient to mature fine yields. We have had fine success with cat tail millet sown even so late as August 1st. The best potatoes for keeping, as well as for planting next spring, are made from vines set out in well-plowed, good soil throughout the month of July, those planted early in the month often making as large tubers as may be desired, and the later, sufficient? ly large for ordinary use and for seed. There is no doubt of the fact that the later plantings produce better keepers, and they are much cheaper, as they make with much less labor. Plantings of cut? tings on wheat, barley or rye lots are almost certain of a good yield of smooth far-sized potatoes at very small expense of labor. Very late plantings should be in closer rows and the beds not thrown up so high.?Southern Cultivator. ? There are now over 1,000 Young Men's Christian Associations in this country, with a membership of 140,000, expending for Christian work $785,000. The aggregate of property in buildings libraries, &c, is over $5,000,000. ? Marriage by proxy may be all right; but courting by proxy will never gain favor in this free and enlightened coun* try.