Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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^ / MANUFACTURED BY THE SULLIVAN & BROTHER FENCE COMPANY. m J Chicken Tigte Mule High, Bull Strong! Durable, Hancpome, Portable, CHEAP! PUT up .for convenient hi'dliny in bundles of 60 feet or more. Nothing but Bound Pickets and be/graje Bessemer galvanized Steel Wire used in the manufacture ofvour Fencing/ THIS IS CERTAllf THE FENCE OF THE DAY! Audis FAR SUPERIOR^ many respects Ao any other kind of Fence ever in? herited, fi A \ ' ^ -The above cut exhibit \\\ appearance, and the Fence need only be seen to be ..appreciated. / ! Orders for f4gdjK filled promptly, and all correspondence in regard to same will have onTHnme^ate attention. E SULLlTAlf & BRO. FENCE CO., STJI^jTHUtf & SRO., Anderson, S. C. SOMETHING NEW FOR ANDERSON. N E. PEOPLES & CO.'S ?CKERY STORE! 'havelbt ,-eceived the Largest and most Complete Stock of CROCKERY anWO'.TSE FURNISHING GOODS ever brought to this market, and we are jBeilingpeJii at extremely LOW PRICES. Hand Ane? China Tea and Dinner Sets'at about one-half the usual cost. Decorated Tefeeti, of 44 and 56 Pieces, from $6.00 to $15.00. Decorated Dinner ; Sets, of 110 a$ 120 Pieces, from $15.00 to $25.00. Opaque Porcelain Goods, Gran? ite and C. C.jvare at bottom prices. We haveu elegant assortment of Bohemian Glassware, and a select stock of Rodgera & 3>s. Silverware, suitable for Bridal and Birthday Presents. Also, a Jarge atock?-beautiful Vases, Dolls, Toys, Ladies' Work Baskets, Bird Cages, FeafjherDujere, &c. &c. : We coanue to keep on hand a large stock of Stoves and Tinware, which we will Bell as heap as anybody. Room* nf, Guttering and Repairing done on short notice. We in/ite you to call and see our stock. JOHN E, PEOPLES & CO. ?dfog8S 13 ly JOHN E. PEOPLES, / Agent for the Celebrated VAN WINKLE GIN, FEEDER IND CONDENSER, lufactured at Atlanta, Georgia, and to which Pre? miums were awarded at the Atlanta Cotton Exposition, Charleston Industrial Expo? sition Feb. % 1882, and at the South Carolina and Georgia State . Fairs 1881. ?ATpHE VAN WINKLE FEEDER AND CONDENSER can be attached to any .X '\ other Gin, ao parties having other make of Gins and wishing Feeders or Condensers can be supplied by sending in their order in time, and I will guarantee \ 8atis?crjon. ___~>AU kinds of PULLEYS and SHAFTING and most IMPROVED CANE gjMLLS and EVAPORATORS furnished to order. Van Winkle King Cotton Press Has long been before the public, and is too well known to need any further description. Its chief points of merit are : It takes very little room, is easily handled, and takes so little pow? er ; can be used on all kinds of powers?horse, water .or steam. Ginning and packing can all . go on at the same time, without interfering with the Gin. A two-inch bolt will pack a 500 lb. bale of cotton. It saves its cost the first season in labor. Read the following testimonial: Anderson, S. O?Mr. John E. Peoples?Sir The Steam Power Van Winkle Cotton Press bought from you last Fall has given entire satis* faction. I packed bales of cotton weighing 660 to 725 lbs. iu five minutes with all ease, using a 4-inch belt and 25 lbs. steam. There did not seem any more strain on the Press than with a A400 lb. bale. For durability, strength, lightness of power, small quantity of steam required, economy of space, I deem it tho King of all Cotton Presses?especially so as the low price at which it can be bought for puts it within reach of every man running a steam Gin. In fact I would not be without it Sot twice its cost. I would advise all my friends to buy one of Van Winkle's Steam Power Cotton Presses, as"you will save its tost in labor in one year. M. A. COBB. BOSS PRESS. am Agent also for tho. "Boss Hand and Power Presses," which are strong, easily handled and easily 'erected. STAR PRESS. I am Agent also for the Star Hand Press, which vea general satisfaction. Suitable for. traveling ins. THE HALL SELF-FEEDING COTTON GIN, Manufactured at Sing Sing, N. Y., has given satisfaction wherever used. The saws are mnde of the best imported steel. Tho saw shaft is the largest mado. An ex? amination of other Gins will convince you it is the moat substantially built Gin in ose. .It no vor breaks tho roll, and therefore does away with tho expense of tho revolving head, a? tho secret of making the Giu to prevent its breakiug the roll is in tho proper shape of tho roll box. Every one should examine the improvements in the Hall Gin made this year, especially the improvement in the Feeder. Second-hand Machinery. I have a lot of second-hand GINS and PRESSES, which are almost as good as new; that I wii! sell for about one half the price of a now one. JOHN E. PEOPLES, 50 3m Come in and see me and get prices before buying. Jane 24, 1886 T???rW COLUMN, J. G. CLINKSCALES, Editor. If you have missed this week of the Institute, by all means give it your pres? ence next week. This is one of tho op? portunities of your life?don't miss it! While you read this we are enjoying the exercises of tbe Teachers' Normal. My friend, if you have allowed some trivial matter to keep you away, there is but one reason why you will not regret it: you may never know what you have missed. But it isn't too late yet?come at once, and Bee and hear and learn for yourself. Your profession urges you to come; circumstances demand it of you ; we expect you to come?fail not I Up North, the people so fully appre? ciate the benefit of the Teachers' Insti? tute that they will not employ a teacher who does not attend them, and in some sections they actually pay the teacher's expenses and let his salary run on all tbe time he is attending the Institute. Here, some of us grumble and growl and clean our finger nails at the very mention of the word Institute. We don't under? stand it, it's an elephant, it's a bear, we don't know what to do with it, and we don't know what it's going to do with us. Thank the Lord, there are some people that have gotten up, and brushed them? selves and moved off nicely. We like the sigus of the times. To be candid, we are like the old lady who said, "We have much to be thankful for; I havn't got but two teeth in my head, but, bless God, they hit!" On Saturday, June 26th, it was our privilege to attend the -closing exercises of Miss Lizzie Anderson's school, in Broadway Township. For us it was a most enjoyable occasion. The recita? tions and Bongs by the children were admirably rendered, eliciting the warm? est applause, and evincing care and tact cm tho part of the earnest teacher. In this school, friction is reduced to the minimum; every thing moves like clock? work; It was really refreshing to notice the close attention of the pupils to every movement of the teacher. No command? ing officer ever had better control over his troops. Gentle but firm, kind but positive, what school would not prosper in the hands of such a teacher ? The "Gem Exercise," thoughtfully arranged by the teacher, and beautifully executed by tbe pupils, completely cap? tured the audience. What a stock of | beautiful thoughts, gems indeed, have been stowed away in the minds of these children during the last six months 1 Yes, thoughts that will stimulate and restrain them all along tbe pathway of life. And is there any one who can "see no use in this kind of foolishness" ? Is there any one who will Bay that the time devoted to learning these gems is time that ought to be given to something of more importance? Is there not some to step in and utter the old familiar cry of folly, folly, nonsense ? Is there a man who would say that the calisthenic exer? cise will do very well for towns but is of no use in the country ? Let him trot off | to Miss Anderson's school?one hour there will convince him of tbe folly of J his position. We repudiate, with all our Btrength we repudiate the idea that the town schools can have any beneficial exercise that tbe country schools do not need. If calisthenic movements are good for the children in town, they are good for them in the country. Miss Lizzie Anderson and her school have indisputably demonstrated the fact that the calisthenic exercise is a charming and profitable one, even in a log school house in the country. Who is capable of more systematic development, who is capable of. deeper enjoyment, who is fuller of vim and energy than the boys and girls that are born and reared and educated in tbe country ? Again we assert that the idea that calistheuics is unfit for country schools is preposterous, and he who holds it is a fossil belonging to the medieval ages. Tbe success of Miss Anderson's school, measured by the hearty support and Btroug language of her patrons, confirms the opinion we have long held, that in too many instauces teachers are put in charge of too many children aud more expected of thorn than reason would justify or demand. The largest schools are not always necessarily the best. Miss Anderson has had only fifteen scholars, and has had lime to give every one special attention. We endeavored to impress this last idea upon the patrons, and hope we succeeded in deepening the impressions already produced by the facts in the premises. The little log school house in the woods in Broadway Town? ship may be the birth-place of a genius that will one day startle tbe world. Wbo can tell? Then let this institution of learning, which in its modest and humble way promises so much, receive the hearty support and confidence of those most interested, and let tbe future te'l the good that may come of it. HINDRANCES TO THE EFFICIENCY OF OUR PUBLIC SCH00L8. Then we lack county supervision. It is to be regretted that in many instances the nominal superintendent doesnotgive the attention to our schools which their importance demands. How few of them deliver lectures and hold teachers' insti? tutes as tbe law requires. We need a faithful and efficient superintendent of public schools in each county. He should be, not a quack doctor, a cheap lawyer, or a broken down politician, but an educator in the full, round sense of the term. Let it be bis business to thor? oughly acquaint himself with the char? acter and wants of all the schools in tire county, and labor assiduously for their improvement. Another great barrier to educational progress is incompetent teachers. We still have too many teachers who "pour in" instead of "draw out"; teachers who rely merely on "what the book says" instead of what tbe experiment proves; teachers who are mechanical and imita? tive instead of original and creative; teachers who aim at mere book attain? ments instead of mental growth and de? velopment ; teachers 'who are empiracal and clogm !s instead of experimental and demonstrative; teachers who are uuprogressive and indifferent instead of progressive and aspiring. Such teachers usually core nothing for professional books. T^v' -vwill not take and iead ed? ucational Journals. They have no use for teachers' institutes and normal schools. The worst feature of the case, however, is that these quacks and charla? tans in the teaching profession are usually willing to teacb for much less than a good teacher.ought to receive; and for this reason, many school boards are weak and Billy enough to employ them in preference to those who are I really competent and worthy, but who demand better salaries. This can hardly fail to work injury to the schools. I say, then, let none but competent teachers be employed. Let none but suitable men be chosen as boards of trustees. Let there be proper and ade? quate supervision of the schools. Let us nave shorter courses of study, and fewer text-books in a series. Let us have less waste of time and labor on useless studies, and more common sense in edu? cation. Then, no doubt, our schools would be more efficient, illiteracy would become less prevalent, and the cause of education would move forward with gigantic strides.?Prof. B. W. Williams, in Southwestern Journal of Education. ? A normal school is a Bchcol for the instruction and training of teachers. "Training College" is the term used in England. We get tbe name "normal" from the French. .It came originally from the Latin word norma, meaning a rule or model. In Germany such schools are designated "teachers' seminaries." Tbe first public normal school establish? ed in tbe United States was opened at Lexington, Mass., on the 3rd of July, 1839. Cyrus Pierce was principal. However, a private teachers' seminary bad been opened by S. E. Hall as early as 1823.?Southwestern Journal of Educa? tion. A CITY OF MAGIC GROWTH. What tho Discovery of Iron Ore and Coal Have Done for Birmingham, Alabama. A Birmingham, Alabama, correspond? ent of the New York World says: "The history of this wonderful place reads more like a legend of magical days, so rapidly has it grown from corn and cotton fields, surrounded by seemingly barren mountains, to a busy city of well stocked stores, solid banks, beautiful churches, thorough public schools, extensive man? ufactories and comfortable and elegant residences in which dwell 22,000 hospita? ble, energeticand progressive people, the whole lighted up by the glow of fifteen iron furnaces shedding the rays of pros ' perlty over tbe place. The first house was built in Birmingham in 1871. By referring to the census of 1880 we find the population had reached only 4,500, but in 1885 we find 21,347 souls?an in? crease during five years of 16,847 or 370 per cent. The same percentage of in? crease during tbe next five years would give a population of 79,000 in 1890. The tax receiver's books show value of taxa? ble property in 1880 of $3,246,374, value in 1885 $11,079,619. These two convinc? ing facts, an increase in population of 370 per ceut. and of 400 per cent, in the value of taxable property, tell a wonder? ful story, and without going further one must realize at once that great material wealth, exceedingly desirably located, must here exist. "The iron metropolis of the South lies pillowed on the breast of tbe Bed Moun? tain, . a solid mass of ore, supported on one side by tbe Warrior and ou the other by the Cohaba coal fields, with limestone and fire clay lying between. We may well imagine that here the fabled Vulcan found bis chosen home. Here lies tbe secret of the city's marvelous growth. Think of it! A solid mountain of iron ore-^-a huge vein 24 feet thick, cropping out for 100 miles along the mountain, and flanked on either side by mile after mile of splendid coal. Nowhere can iron be made so cheaply, for nowhere is the ma? terial for its manufacture bo plentiful and at tbe same time so conveniently located. "Tbe ore used here is hematite, and is divided into three classes. First, tbe limonite or brown hematite. About one eighth of the ore used here is of this species, and contains 42 to 58 per cent, metalic iron. Ordinary hematite, com? monly called red ore?about the same .amount is used us of the above?contains from 45 to 65 per cent, metallic iron, and tbe balanc?, or six-eighths of the ore, is known as fowil <>rc on account of the shells and fos.iiferons remains found im? bedded therein. All of the above ores are almost entirely froo from sulphur, and contain from 0.12 to 0.75 per cent, of phosphorous, the limonite being most irregular, wbilo the red and fossil are more uniform, averaging about 0.25 per cent. The limonite contains from 2 to 10 per cent, and the red and fossil 8 to 16 per cent, of silica. "The above ores are delivered at the furnace door at the following low prices: The red and fossil at 70 cents and the brown at $1.50 per ton. While this ore, on account of high phosphorous, cannot be converted into steel by Bessemer pro? cess, yet this same phosphorous becomes of advantage by tbe basic process, which is now the cheapest manner of making steel. Steel made by this process in Germauy, the cable has repeatedly in? formed us, has been .shipped to England and sold at less price than English steel, the ore and coke used in Germany being very similar to those used here. There have also been recent discoveries of tbe gray specular ore here, tbe same as that of tbe Lake Superior region, and speci? mens analyzed show only 0.004 to 0.006 phosphorous, and as high as 66 per cent, metallic iron. "Birmingham has surrounding her 11, 000 square miles of bituminous coal, equaling in cooking and steaming quali? ties any in America, and nowhere can it be more cheaply mined. Coal is put at the furnace doors at from ?1 to $1.25 per ton, and coke at $3.50 per ton. The twenty one furnaces in Birmingham have a daily capacity of 1,475 tons, and the monthly pay-roll of the great industries centered there amount to $252,000." Laziness. The Southern Live Slock Journal fin? ishes a talk about crow in this manner : There is a pest far worse than any crow that attacks our farms and tears up all it can of tbe fruits of our labor. It is the demon of laziness. He has been fought in various ways, yet he gains ground all the time. He works in a very sly way. He comes and whispers in the boy's ear a beautiful Btory about the pleasures of city life. Whenever the sun is hot he points out the pleasant Bhade under the trees. He dulls the conscience by closing the eyes and forc? ing sleep upon the mind. He comes and tells the girls that dairy work is vulgar and that tbey should not work at all. There is no one, weak or strong, high or low, rich or poor, that he does not try to injure. How shall we fight him ? Scarecrows and bells and strings will not injure bim in the least. Wo must fright? en him, and there is a way to do that. Ho is afraid of work, and when he sees a man taking off his coat ho crawls into his hold. Tho only way to keep him away from our farms and homes is lo make labor fashionable, to put intelli? gence and common sense into it. If wo can do this our homes will be made se? cure. ? The Chester Reporter of Juno 24th says : Last Thursday Beauregard Legg, a uegro boy working ou Mr. A. A. Crosby's place, near Crosbyville, left his work and walked to Sandy River, a short distance, and drowned himself. He was bh pjscd lo havo been of weak mind. Trial Jus? tice F. D. Coleman hold an inquest. AN EDUCATED CITIZENSHIP THE HOPE OF OUR COUNTRY. From the Newbcrry Herald and News. The following address was delivered by Hon. E. B. Murray before the literary societies of Newberry College on the evening of the 15th of June last: In all the terse and beautiful express? ions giving exposition to those principles which actuate human nature, in which the writing of England's greatest dramat? ic poet abound, there is perhaps none so full of thought and worthy of a more careful personal application to every reader, than the admonition of Polonius to his son Laertes, who was about to trav? el, wherevtbe father concludes wholesome advice by saying to him: "This above all ?to thine own self be true ; and it must follow as the night the day?thou cans't not then be false to any man." In the centuries that are past, and which make the leaves of Goa's book of time, the human race has been slowly working out the destiny of its creation, and reaching onward with varying progress towards that perfection which it is not in the ken of man to limit. Standing to-day, as it were, upon some towering height, the Mt. Everest of civilization, amid the glare and glory of the achievements of the 19th century, as history lifts the veil from the post and shows us through the corridors of the centuries that are gone, with their errors that are dead and their theories that have been exploded, it is impossible for us to do otherwise than exult in the greatness of man's progress and reverently recognize the blessings which surround and bear us en as a peo? ple, upon that tide which has been taken at its flood, and is leading on to more than fortune. The privileges and advan? tages enjoyed to-day change the relations which man bears to government, and impose higher obligations upon him than rested on the generations whose lives filled the centuries of the dead. For ages the contest for human rights has been waged, for ages the strong gov? ernments of earth hold such absolute sway that individuality of action was im? possible, individuality of thought was difficult aud its expression was interdict? ed. The character and attainments of the citizenship of such countries was a matter of small moment. To-day a new theory of government is acted upon. Then the citizen was treated as if his existence were merely a matter of conve? nience for the government. Now, in all the enlightened countries of the earth, government exists alone for the benefit of the people. This is conspicuously true in our government where the great? est personal liberty exists, and of course such liberty carries with it as a corollary the greatest amount of personal obliga? tion. Therefore, I have concluded to ask your consideration for a short time this evening to the fact that an educated citizenship is the hope of our country. With us the citizen is the sovereign, and the government is simply the agent Each individual is the equal of every other individual before the law, and all the honor* of the government may be contended fur by any citizen save alone the presidency to which only native citi? zens are eligible. Every citizen not only has the right, but it is his duty to partic? ipate in the control of the government through the elective franchise, and it is certainly incumbent on one undertaking to participate in a government to qualify himself by acquiring sufficient knowledge to judge of tho needs and methods of that government. It is no uncommon occurrence to hear our government cen? sured, both for its acts of omission and of commission, and invariably the blame is attached solely to the officials who com? pose the government. This is a great mistake, for while such officials are pri? marily the just objects of criticism, at the same time, it must not be forgotten that the people themselves are responsi? ble for the government. It is as good ss they want it to be, or it is as bad as they are willing to have it. The fountain cannot rise higher than its source, neither will you find tho stream pure and sweet where the spring is vitiated and putrid. Therefore, in a country like ours, where the people are the source of all power, the only safety for the present and secu? rity for the future rests in the intelligence the integrity and . the morality of the citizens. These qualities can be inculcat? ed by education alone, and that education can only be accomplished by bringing the individuals of the State under the influ? ence of wholesome, moral and intellectu? al training. Realizing the importance of an educated citizenship, there is not a State in our Union that has failed" to take steps to encourage and to assist its citizens iu mental culture as a moralizing and elevating influence. In the general acceptation of the term education, this theory is correct, for there is no system of education which does not include both mental instruction and moral training. Mental instruction alone would not effect the moral development of mau directly, for the learning of the truths of physical science, mathematics, logic, or even the proper use of language itself would not change a mau's nature. Such culture of the mind would heighten his capacities, and hence, if the man were moral before, he would be developed iu his opinions, from the fact that his comprehension would be enlarged and his ability to em? ploy his talents improved. If, however, he were immoral before, he would be apt to be made more immoral by simple mental instruction. You could never tench a roguo to be honest by cramming his mind with Euclid or even the beauties of chemical science or the principles of skillful syllogisms in logic. And this is the reason so many partially educated criminals may be found in our prisons. Their minds have been cultivated, but their moral training neglected. When some partially educated man commits a forgery, as a certain class of citizens who get a small amount of mental work some? times do, many persons will tell you that it is a proof of the old adage, "a little learning is a dangerous thing," whereas, in fact, all sue1' cases arise from the prin? ciples I have just stated. The mind has been instructed and the moral nature left untutored. "A little learning is a dan? gerous thing," but in the language of the late Prof. McGuffey, "none at all is still more dangerous." Mental instruction is not directly moral or immoral in its in- - fluence. It is simply the training of the mind and does not in itself affect the character of the student. It is the vehicle through which the moralist reaches the individual. It in by the use of language with reasons deduced from nature and from revelation that he founds his system of moral philosophy and conveys it to the mind in such form as to command the concurrence of tho student's judg mei. .. As I have said, there is no system of /-dilation which does not combine with me.ilal instruction some form of moral teaching. This moral teaching begins with the sketches in our infants' primers, and is carried through nearly every de? partment of study except, perhaps, only the study of mathematics. It would be useless to detain this audi? ence with any remarks upon tho value of education. It is the one acquirement which man may call his own, and which he is not liable to lose by advemily or misfortune. It is an individual possession. Each man must acquire it for himself, and when acquired, it cannot be taken from him, neither can it be bequeathed by him to any other person. It gives to man new ideas and lofty thoughts. It enlarges the whole nature, and is the source from which all social, as well as intellectual development has been made. To appreciate the value of education we need only to take the rude savage, who possesses very little beyond the unim? proved mind which nature gave him, and compare his state with the educaled Englishman or American of the present day. All the progress that the world has made has come from education. It las given us the civilization of the l?'tb century, and its chief glory is that to day the blessings of education are participat? ed in by the masses of the people, and this elevation of the masses is the source alike of our prosperity and of our pow>3r. It has given to all the people of our country an inducement to press forward and preparo themselves for tbe battle of life, for here "every man is the archie-^t of his own fortune." It has been a cc?tt mon belief that great differences exist between the minds of different persons in point of capacity, but experience, while confirming this theory to some extei.t, has demonstrated beyond question that nature has been much more equal in her gifts to men than was formerly supposed. There is far more difference in the uses which men make of the gifts which nature has bestowed upon them than there is in the gifts themselves, and for this reason the diligent boy accomplishes j most in school, and the laborious, pain 5 taking man achieves more in life than men who start with more brilliant pros pects, but less willingness to win success by patient labor. There are very few geniuses and equally as few idiots. Tbe vast majority of mankind belong to thit middle class with medium talents, whicb they can develop by assiduous toil, or by negligent application, dwarf and wash;. For thin reason you will note that system and careful method in the mastery of detail marks the Btudent who will win tbe highest honors in life, rather tha;a the ono who relies on his ready wits to carry him through his studies. I cannot impress too strongly tbe necessity for this mastery of detail as one of the essentials to education. It meets us in every de? partment of life, and observation will soon convince any one that will take this trouble to notice, that the man or woman who cannot properly attend to the little things, the details of his or her avocation is most likely to prove a failure in tbe more important matters with which they have to deal. "Thou bast been faithful over a few things, I will make thee rulei: over many things" is the language of nature as well as of Revelation. In countries which rely upon large standing armies and coercion for maim tenance of the government, the elevation of the citizens is not so important as here where, in tbe language of the declaration of independence, tbe just powers of our government are derived from the consent of tbe governed. With us the whole fabric of our Union depends upon tbe aggregation of the individuals who are inhabitants of tbe country. Its progress and elevation depends upon the wishes of this aggregation of individuals, and this mass of citizens can only be improved by forces which act upon tbe individuals who compose it. No force can be so 'dangerous to a republic as ignorance. It abounds in prejudice, in passion and in jealous rage towards all progress and im? provement. It is tbe easy prey of the demagogue?the fertile resource of tho agitator. In all tbe ages of tbe world, it has been tho source from which opposi? tion to the establishment of unknown truth has sprung. It has the blood of the martyrs and the Saviour himself at its door. In obedience to its behest, the pioneers in science have always been im- j peded, and even tbe great Galileo sleeps as tbe murdered victim of its intolerance. It has been the curse of nations?tbe bane of iindividuals. It is that negative foe of mankind which must be driven from our midst, because it paralyzes all that is good, and dwarfs the God-given intellect with every noble aspiration of man. I The transformation which the Omnipo? tent Creator wrought upon tho physical universe when by the word of His power spoke tbe flat "Let there be light and there was light," changing darkness into day and revealing the glorious mysteries of creation was not greater than that transformation wbich would be wrought in the domain of mind if educated intel? ligence could be exchanged for ignorance. Oh what a change! The work cannot be accomplished in its perfection by finite man. For more than six thousand years the higher instincts and aspirations of man have been warring with the baser elements of his nature, and tbe work is yet in its infancy. The most enlightened nations are striving to go on with the good work in whicb perfection cannot be attained, though there appears to be no limit to the progression which strives to reach that state. The civilized world to-day enjoys tbe progress that has been made in education. It has not only given to the nations of the earth tbe material blessings of commerce, of railroads, of ships, of telegraphs, of hundreds of fac? tories that supply innumerable necessaries and luxuries to man, and tbe various dis? coveries wbich contribute to bis health and his comfort; but it has given to him aso? cial system which is ennobling and pure ; it has secured to him protection and tbe exercise of rights which were never known before; it has enabled him to grasp the truths of Revelation and derive from them a pleasure and hopes which are heightened by the beauty that is unfolded to him ; it has explored nature with her wondrous glory, and wrested from thesilcnt rocks and trickling streams and majestic dome of Heaven secret* which the centuries that are gone have never told before, and from which to day "man looks through nature up to nature's God." This diffusion of education has brought a new factor into play between nations. That period has not come of which Pope sang: "All crimes shall cease, and ancient frauds shall fall, Returning Justice lift aloft her scale ; Peace o'er the world her olive wand extend And white-robed Innocence from Heaven descend. No more shall nation against nation rise, Nor ardent warriors meet with hateful eyes, Nor fields with gleaming steel he covered o'er, The brazen trumpets kindle rage no more; Rut useless lances into scythes shall bend, And the broad falcon in a plough-share end." And yet the diffusion of education and the progress wbich it has made tends to the settlement of national disputes with? out a resort to war for three reasons. 1. The improvement that has beeu made in the implements for war-are so great that nations, recognizing the fearful sacrifice of life which each must suffer, and the reasonable certainty of success which superior numbers will give, are more careful of each others' rights than they were in ruder periods of the world's his? tory. This is, however, the least potent of the reasons to be assigned for the pa? cific tendency of education upon the world. 2. Tbe fact that all civilized na? tions are now interested in the commerce of the world, and desire to preserve the balance of power between the nations of the earth as a security to their peace and safety, ha3 given rise to a demand by public sentiment for the settlement of difficulties by arbitration instead of a resort to arms. This moral sentiment is an educated sentiment, and its forco is becoming stronger as the power of educa? tion becomes more diffused. .'). Another, and perhaps most powerful forco which education exerts upon the peace of tho world is to bo found in the sense of jus tico and regard for tho right which it creates in the nations themselves, by wbich unjust demands are not made or countenanced, and alt aggressions arc repressed or willing amends made for them. The manner in which this forco oper? ates upon the nations of tho earth may be illustrated by an incident whicb is re? lated to have occurred with President Jackson. Shortly after Mr. Buchanan (afterwards President Buchanan) re? turned from Russia, where be had been appointed Minister Plenipotentiary by President Jackson, he went with a dis? tinguished lady from Europe, who was visiting this country, to the White House for the purpose of introducing her to the President. Knowing the President well, Mr. Buchanan went up to his private room where be found President Jackson in his dressing gown with slippers on, unshaven and smoking a corncob pipe. He communicated to the President the object of his visit, and fearing that Old Hickory might appear in the costume he found him, Mr. Buchanan, who was a model of etiquette and style,,ventured to ask if the President would* not make some change in his attire, whereupon, General Jackson knocking the ashes out of bis pipe and looking straight at Mr. Buchanan, replied, "Buchanan, I want to give you a little piece of advice which I hope you will remember. I knew a man once who made bis fortune by at? tending to hin own business. Tell the lady that I will see her presently. Pres? ently he entered the room in full dress attire and saluted his fair visitor with such kingly grace that as she left she re? marked to Mr. Buchanan: "your Re? publican President is the royal model of a gentleman." Education has taught the nations of the earth that their for? tunes and prosperity depends upon at? tending to their own business instead of meddling with that of other nations, and the diffusion of knowledge presents this truth so clearly to the masses of the en? lightened nations of the earth that an immense pressure is brought to bear upon the government to require the preserva? tion of peace, and the government which ventures war and is defeated, as Louis Napoleon was in the Franco-Prussian war, is'apt to share the fate of Napoleou, and go down to ruin for disregarding the moral sentiment of the age. ? Thus it will be seen that the general advantages to the world from thediffuson of education are great indeed, and the blessings which flow from them would be sufficient to demand the encouragement of a liberal education for its citizens by the government, but the question may also be argued upon the narrower plane of profit and loss. The ability to make money, which the educated man possess? es, is more than double that which the uneducated man has. Therefore, every citizen which the government can have educated is made more than twice as valuable as he would be without educa? tion. But the force for good which an educated man possesses is not expended within himself or limited to his own ac? tions. Education is more than the words of a text book. It is an acquisition whicb gives to its possessor brain power. That power exerts itself upon the avoca? tion in which its owner may be engaged. His methods become the object of obser? vation, and those around bim profit from his knowledge. Much of education may be acquired by absorption, and methods which are tha result of educa? tion are often taken up in a practical way by men who could not explain tbem, and yet they serve them a most excellent purpose. For this reason a single edu? cated man who moves into a community will often work a revolution in its habits and methods. Not only is the practical education absorbed by the people who have not the advantages of collegiate education, but the great majority of in? ventions which prove of the highest value come from educated men, and the benefits which tbey confer are enjoyed by all classes of citizens. Education is the work of a lifetime. It can never be complete, and the man lives to little pur? pose who never learns anything after he gets bis diploma. The expression, that a graduate has finished bis education, although sanctioned by use, is a gross misnomer. None save the idiot, who can only learn the simplest matters in life, can finish their education. Men some? times stop their education, but it is no more finished by that than this building would be.finisbed if the workmen had stopped its erection before tbey placed the roof upon it. Mr. Webster says that finished means polished to the highest degree of excellence, complete, perfect; and cites as a use of the term a finished poem, a finished education, but no one ever knew a man who had a perfect, or complete education, or one that was pol? ished to the highest degree of excellence. A poem would not be styled finished which stopped in the midst of a sentence, nor can an education be finished while there is more to be learned. All educa? tion should combine the practical with Ihe theoretical to make it most valuable, and it should be especially directed to the avocation in which the man expects to ungage in life. Of course the fuller the course of instrction which any man can pursue the better equipped he will be for life. The great want of the present day, in my opinion, is a system of thorough technological school. Our farmers, for instance, send their boys to college and expect them to graduate and return to the farm, but by far the majority of them disappoint these expectations by going into some other business. The planter is disappointed, aud in many instances concludes that there is some inherent an? tipathy between agriculture and educa? tion. Such a conclusion does not follow. He has given his son an education which fits him for the counting bouse, or pro? fessional life, or for mining, or for the work of teaching. The boy has received no agricultural education and he leaves college knowing more about a dozen other occupations than he does about agriculture, and he naturally drifts into some business that he knows something about. When a physician wishes to make his son a doctor, he sends him to college as long as be thinks best, and then graduates bim from a medical col? lege. If he stopped that boy when he left the literary college he would not be apt to become a physician ; but after he tiiker the medical course he is better qualified lo pratice medicine than to engage iu any other avocation, and the result is, that nine times out of ten he follows the profession for which he was educated. So the lawyer, the civil en? gineer, the merchant, and the^ professor all have convenient schools in which they can have their boys trained to fol? io iv the avocations of the parent. There are no convenient schools in which a boy may cultivate the science as well as the practical work of mechanics or machine? ry, or agriculture. He might be entered to work in some machine shop where he would learn only so much theory as is necessary to operate the manufacture in which they were engaged. This, it strikes me, should be the work of the State's University. It would certainly prjve of great value, for with Buch a sytitem the practical talents of the youths of the State would be cultivated. Boys striving for an education cannot afford to cnler machine shops and quit their other studies in order to cultivate a talent for im.chinery or mechanics which they do not expect to follow as a business, but they could advantageously take these schools as a part of a collegiate course. With these departments added to our State University and the curriculum raiaed to a post graduate course tho h?r? me n> of our educational system would bo complete. I maintain that the State should support its University iu such way as to avoid, as far as possible, com? petition with the existing colleges in the State. It should supply that class of in? struction which is not accessible in the other institutions in the State, and should not seek to crush them out by using the taxing power of the State to offer free tuition to tho sons of men who are able to pay for it, thereby seeking to induce au attend ance which they might not other wiss be able to secure. This odious fea? ture- of our State University ought to ho removed as a simple matter of justice and right. The purpose here should be to build up and carry forward the work of education, not to pull down or injure any good work tbat is being done in the State. It is related of Gen. Robert E. Lee tbat during one of bis fiercest bat? tles in Virginia, while commanding the Confederate army, he had selected an elevated knoll slightly behind the line of battle from which to observe the fight and direct his army. On this knoll Btood a spacious shade tree under which the General and his staff were standing in tbeir fatigue suits. Soon after the battle began, a brigade surgeon in all the pomp of uniform and position rode up and selected this shade tree as the place to receive the wounded. After issuing his direction he peremptorily ordered the unknown party to leave the ground. To this General Lee replied,' there is room enough for both of us here. The order to leave was repeated, and a guard to en? force it sent for. Before its arrival a courier with dispatches for General Lee arrived, and when the unassuming old gentleman opened the dispatches the sur? geon with confusion and stammered apol? ogies started to leave, upon which Gen. Lee directed him to stay, repeating the assurance that there was room enough for both of them. So my friends, there is room enough for all of the colleges in South Carolina and work enough for them all-ttrdo. As a citizen of the State, however, I must express my sympathy with the protest which the denomination? al colleges of the State have made against the order which has been issued for them to go. Although the taxing power of the State has been summoned to make them go, I have an abiding faith tbat the great people of South Carolina will correct this wrong and say to tbem, stay, there is room enough and work enough for all. Young gentlemen, with this occasion you are placing down a mile stone upon your life's journey. The sands of anoth? er year of your scholastic life is ebbing beneath your feet. The year tbat is gone will be memorable in the lives of many of you. The golden thoughts which you have garnered from the abun? dant harvest of knowledge which sur? rounds you are not meant to fill the measure of your attainments. The shadows from your lives are falling far to the West. The sun is shining brightly in the East for jou, and the hour is early morning. The day is yet unspent and before you. It will he easy to fill the hours with busy toil, and in each duty performed, and each difficulty overcome, you will gather increased strength for your future labor. Let the advice of old Pol Ion i us to his son be your controlling sentiment. Young men reared in the Christian families of this country, and tutored in the pure fountains of knowl? edge, whose vivifying influences are shap? ing the character and the thought of this generation are the hope upon which our' country's future greatness depends. They are manly, generous and moral. They can well afford, to be true to them? selves, and in doing so, the highest inter? ests of their neighbors and their country will be preserved. Remember, tbat as eternal vigilance is the price of liberty, so constant labor is the price of success, The world is large, but the various avo? cations in life are teeming with strong and hopeful men who will meet you in generous rivalry. If yon would succeed where others fail, careful, diligent work, yes, work,- must be your portion. 'What? soever you undertake do thoroughly, and remember tbat your time is the most val? uable and the most precious possession tbat you have. And in conclusion, let me commend to you the realization of the aptness of the simile of life which Tupper draws when he says: "A man's lifo is a tower, with a staircase of many steps, That, as be toileth upward, orumble suc? cessively behind him: No going back; the past is an abysa, no stopping, for the presont perisnetn. But ever basting on, precarious on the foothold of to-day. Our cares are all to-day; our joys aro all to-day. And in one little word, our life, what is it but to-day?" The Lime Kiln Club. "I was readin' in the paper yesterday," said Brother Gardner as the meeting opened after the usual style. "1 was a-readin' a lament bekase de ole fashun'd man an' woman bad died off an' would be seen no mo' on airth foreber. Ize glad on it. De ole-fasbun'd man scraped oh" de measure when he sold wheat; he believed that any sort of food an' any sort of bed was good 'cuff for bis cbil'en; he took de biggest pie at de table; he ate mo' like a hog dan human bein'; if he had sympathy it was for hit cattle instead of his fam'ly. De ole-fashun'd man was a reg'lar attendant at prayer meetin', but be worked his hired help twenty hours out of twenty-four just the same. He'd drive five miles to church on Sunday to show his religum, but doorin' de odder six days of de week be was a bad man to trade bosses wid. It took his wife six months to get up de courage to ax him fur a new kaliker dress, an' mos' of his cbill'en growed up an' freut away from home widout a reckoleckshun of a dozen kind words. ? "De ole-foshun.d man bad two recipes fur his fellow-bein's. De fust was hard work; de nex' was boneset tea. He had but two ideahs in regard to boys. De fust was lots o' work an' a leetle school in' ; de next was lots o' lickins an' no holidays. lie had but two ideahs in regard to bizness. De fust was git all ye kin; dc nex' was keep all ye git. He argued dat a liar could neber enter the kingdom of heabeu, but would go out an' lick a sick ox to death without any fear about bis hereafter. He prayed loudjy tbat the Lawd would increase his crops, but ho kept bis hired hands down to de lowest possible figger. He made a great show of submmittin' to de will of Provi? dence, but if 500 pounds of hay got wet in a rain storm sonic of de chilren come in for a lickin' befo' night. "De ole-fasbun'd man an woman hev departed, an' de world hasn't lost a cent by it. It was a good depart. Wicked as some folks claim de world to be, I feel dat I kin walk into de aiverage crowd an' pick out mo' charity, humanity, religun, sympathy, an' morality dan could be found in a ten-acre lot of ole fashun'd men. Let us now purceed to biziness."?Detroit Free Press. ? Many persons have strange notions about proportionate giving. Some give according to their means, others according to tbeir meanness. Recently an Ohio man was complained of because he neg? lected bis duty in regard to contributing for the support of the Church. One day a committee called on him and began to urge the necessity of reform in this mat? ter, when be began to advocate the prin? ciple of "proportionate giving," and, to their astonishment, be boldly insisted that be was doing exceedingly well, and tbat, proportionately, be was in the habit of giving more than any other member of the church. When tney joined issue with him, and undertook to prove the contrary, ho explained that he meant "that in proportion to his religion, he gave nioro than any other member of the church I" That may explain the contri? bution of some church members that are an enigma to the pastor's mind. ? Probably the youngest State super- ' intendent of public instruction is Oscar H. Cooper, of Texas. He is twenty-three years old, and a graduate of Yale. He will have partial control of an immense school fund. ? A Pennsylvania hotel keeper has sued several newspapers for libel because they published a report that the Preai deut would visit his house, and intimated that he would be starved. Keeping cp Appearances, The head of a family only a few dayi'j ago mr^a the depths of despondenc He was in a dilemma, and he saw no w; out of it. He has a wife and a family c five children, all of whom have h ten ?endent on hia earnings for their supot 'he oldest child is a boy of 20, who: a place two years ago in a small manu<] facturing establishment, where be ha been receiving a small salary, but he ha always boarded at home, without cost } himself. The remaining f"W~Tro dnnj ters, aged respectively 18,16, Hand, and are attending a "seminary" iu city, the eldest just ready to graduate tt season. We are making his condition the of our essay on the subject of this art and as he is known to most of our rea< we do not wish to describe bis businesj so closely as to reveal his identity, has made no' money this year, and he i just emerged from one unfortuns speculation in grain that has wiped o most of his available capital. He has; regular commission business, which baa} ran smaller than usual, and he is at his j wit's end for money. His family never been recklessly, extravagar. these terms, are ordinarily they have always maintained wl| consider "a good appearance" inj and the problem to be solved preserve this position, supposed to 'oe' \ essential to their peace of mind du the coming season.. ; - I The eldest daughter had been proml i a new dress for commencement d besides the ordinary additions to 1 i wardrobe, and th? other girls also deair several new dresses apiece, and have them" if they took their usua mor vacation. ' And where should go for the summer? They have never..' e 3n wasteful as they think, and $1,000' has been fixed for several years as tho :l limit for the travelling and hotel exppajp^ ses of the family "outing" through the warm weather. The wife and mother v would be content, she thought, with jc one new dress and the fixing over of two or three of an older date. The boy content to dress himself out of his pay, but supposed, of course, that he would f supported with the family whereve>4fiey3>? should go during the two weeks of bis ] promised vacation. It would need, to cover all these out? lays, at least $2,500, and the merehat saw no way in which he could realize . such a sum during the next six months, 's He could borrow it, perhaps, but he does??] not like to incur such a debt with no ; reasonable certainty of being able to pay j it from any legitimate income., We^J presume that this may picture, to some extent, the position of not a few of our readers, and that most of them will bridge over the summer with a loan, and trust ' to a revival of business to help them out'; toward the end of the year. !Sg Our merchant has not taken this cour and will not, and we are giving this little' $ history as a possible help to others in a like emergency. Fortunately he'Jias a J wife that is a help-meet, or in bis desnon-J dency, which, we can assure our; reaqffi^ we have not overdrawn, he migl'-.t fikM rushed madly out of life to es<ap(Wnoi pressure of a burden which he felt was' more than he coo]d bear. The wo- i man saw that he was in trouble, and she I took the surest way of relief, by inducing-;| him to make a clean breast of it. He bad paid his house rent on May 1 fora?* quarter in advance, and he is earning^ just enough in commissions to supply the ? family marketing on an economical scale He has no other resources. A family council was called, and the J whole case laid before them. The b?y is a manly fellow, and at once reproache himself for not having been sufficiently thoughtful to turn in a portion of hia income instead of spending his twenty dollars a week on dress, cigars, theatres, concerts and drives in the Central Park..] He could spare enough to meet thene^ quarter's rent, and he insisted on aoinfi_ it, so that was safe. The graduating class' would all dress in white, but the oldest girl with some pallor in the face that showed the effect of her self-demy bravely declared that she had a lawn it over from the last season, which, without! a dollar's ootlay, could be madu as good j as new. She would not spend anything ? save for a pair of gloves. There was j. I tear or two in younger eyes, but theoth WM girls all consented to forego the expect^fcaj additions to their wardrobes, and the sweet' 1 maiden of sixteen, who is as tail as her 1 mother, and has outgrown all of her last ] year's attire, laughingly declared that she and her maternal parent could have one Sunday dress between them, and take - turns in wearing it to church. The vacation is to be spent at home?<| There is not one of the seven who is ill, or who needs a change of air for sanitary reasons, and we have no doubt that they ? i will find this city one of the finest water-~4 ing places that could be selected. They have concluded, furthermore, to surren? der all attempts to keep up the appear^^f ance of wealth until they have it in hand. .... If they maintain this resolution, what a load of care it will lift from the head of the household! The father frankly con? fessed that if he had made this resolution years before, and had saved the money, that he could not afford to speed, his ' family would have been just as comforta? ble, and he might have enlarged his business in a way to have relieved him of any undue anxiety about tbeir future support. It was the effort to secure the, needed means by a single stroke of for? tune that led him to the disastrous specu? lation we have recorded. ' Those who have wealth legitimately tjj acquired do well to spend largely and wisely, since such disbursements afford great assistance to others who live by the ministry thus compensated. But those .x who spend their life under a barrow for the sake of keeping up the appearance of f an affluence they do not possess, are;'? sacrificing their peace of mind for the-.. merest shadow. They deceive no one by ?'.*" the specious show. There is not a sei-. vant girl on the block in which they live / who does not see through the thin diav guise, and they lose tbeir own self-respect | without adding in any way to the respect" felt for them by others. The deference they secure by the unreal life they leadj is the veriest sham?hardly a jjfeent counterfeit of the regard which all ,u jnest folk pay to real worth. Those who are unwilling to appear in their true character on life's brief stage, S but must always assume and act a part ' 1 which is not their own, receive no real compensation for the ceaseless struggle . that burdens all their being. Everybody?\ who comes near enough to care anything about them sees through all the artifices of dress and paint, and will often over* 4 look the real worth beneath the padded ^ counterfeit, in disgust with the vanity that can tolerate such shallow pretenses' 3 and consent to wear such a vain disguise. \ There is a deeper moral, too, but having given the key, we leave that for the study ' of reflecting minds.?New York Journal - of Commerce. -_ j ? A Bourbon County farmer, a read , ing and thinking man, who has for some time been investigating the Darwiniau theory, says that ho has recently devel- " oped a small link which is calculated to put men to thinking. The blue grass ! country is now being infested with mill? ions of cut-worms, which have been devastating the growing crops of corn-Jf tobacco and garden truck. He gathereS : about twenty of the objectionable intra dcrs from a piece of sod a foot square ai Sut them in a cigar box half filled " irt, covered with a pane of glass, _ set the same in the sun. In less th. two weeks he had developed a fine dro of grass-hoppers,?Lexington [Ky.) ' zetie, June 6.