Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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BY E. B. MURRAY & CO. ANDEESON, S. C, THUESDAY MOENING, JUNE 10, 1886. VOLUME XXL?NO. 48 J. G. CLINKSCALES, Editor. TEACHERS' INSTITUTE. The time for holding the Teachers' In? stitute is now fixed for July 5th. It will run two weeks. Let all our teachers make their arrangements to attend. It is surely not necessary to argue the im? portance of being present from the be? ginning to the close. No earnest teacher can afford to miss it. If you are teach? ing a subscription school, see your patrons at once and beg to get off at tbat time. If you are in earnest, it will not take long to convince them that it will be to their interest, as well as yours, to let you come. Don't fail to come ! We have frequently invited the teach? ers to call at this office and examine the different educational journals sent here. Some have done so and have gone away determined to have a paper devoted ex? clusively to the interests of education. Copies of several papers will be sent us for distribution among the teachers and others attending the Institute. The average attendance of white chil? dren in the Bichmond schools for last year was 96 per cent.; average for color? ed, 98 per cent. We asked the principal of one of the schools how he accounted for the difference. His opinion was that the negroes send their children regularly | *? '-hi "Ufder to relieve themselves of the burden of providing fires for them in the winter. If the negroes in the cities are as fond of going to school as tbey are in the country, his answer was only partial? ly correct. All teachers rejoice at the success of their pupils in school and in the trials and difficulties of life. It gave us pleas? ure, while in Richmond, to meet Miss Nannie Landrum, our sprightly pupil of .ten years ago. Miss Landrum is now a teacher in the Richmond Baptist Female College. She is a daughter of the late Rev. J. G. Landrum, of Spartanburg County, S. C. The timid, studious girl has developed into the dignified, accom? plished young lady, competent, to teach in any of the best female schools of the land. We felt highly complimented and gratified to have our former pupil, now one of the best teachers in Richmond, come around to the Conference room in search of us when she saw our name on the list of delegates. Such thoughtful ness is appreciated. Teachers live in the memory of their pupils. How often have we heard it said, "Our teacher is a woman ; we want a man next session," attributing failure to the sex of the teacher. My brother, if you are honest in the opinion that a woman can't teach, you are asleep. Go to the best regulated schools in the cities, and you'll find the best work done by women. Our own opinion is that ladies consecrated to the work are the best teachers for prima? ry classes, and, not infrequently, the best for advanced classes. Ladies can enter more fully into sympathy with the chil? dren and can more easily understand the wants of their nature. We notice that the teacher of elocution at Monteagle this summer is a lady. We men some? times think we know just how a class ought to be taught: let the writer be candid enough to say he felt "mighty little" when he heard and saw a lady teach a class of boys and girls to read in the Richmond-High School. If he ever had any doubts ap to the ability of a lady to teach ^grown pupils, he left them all beyond the "Jeeras." One is charmed by tbe strict adherence to order and system in the Richmond schools. Every thing moves like clock work. Indeed, there the clock is an indispensable piece of school furni? ture. (How many school rooms in An? derson County have clocks?) Order is one of the first lessens to bo learned by the pupil. The manner in which he enters-and leaves tbe room is suggestive of discipline. What a nice thing it is to see the children in a school of six hun? dred moving around almost noiselessly ; Friction is reduced to a minimum, and it ft . 1 may be so in our own schools. We are confident that thoroughness was aimed at in all the schools it was our pleasure to visit. Children are not hurried over first principles just to satisfy their own whims or gratify auxious parents. Acting upon the theory that one book learned well h worth more to a child than many poorly learned, they are laying the foundation securely. Promo? tion from one school to another depends upon a thorough mastery of the book in hand and tbe pupils know it. Iu our schools the child is, not always though generally, put into wh. tever book hap? pens to suit the fancy of his parent, and the consequence is that, in many cases, much time and money are wasted in futile efforts to build without a founda? tion, and a human mind, unmeasured in its possibilities, is maimed for life and for eternity. We asked Prof. Pendleton of tbe Cen? tral School, Richmond, what method he used for teaching a child to read. His reply was that much depended upou the tact and ability of the teacher; that several methods were used there success? fully. In one room we watched a lady teaching a class of nineteen or twenty little children under six years of age. In spelling they were required to write the word on their slates. When ten words were written on nicely ruled slates, each little fellow passed his slate to his nearest neighbor for inspection. Chil? dren are severe critics. They looked anxiously for a misspelled word. After the mistakes were noted the slates were returned to their owners, who made tlie necessary corrections. This finished, the children were required to stand and spell after the old-fashioned way, pronouncing the words distinctly before attempting to spell it. The exercise was quite inter? esting, and held- the attention of the children throughout. This wo noticed, loo: the recitations were short, not last ing more than ten minutes. A child under six years of age is easily tired ; hold him to a recitation until you weary him and you begin to discount the good already accomplished and do him a posi? tive damage. In so ,orge a school as the Richmond Centra. School, there are several, of course, under six years of age. These are divided into two classes. Each class is kept in school only half the day, and that means two hours and a half, the daily session being five hours. Clr.ss No, 1 is dismissed about half-past eleven o'clock, when the other takes its place. The principal observed, and we think, wisely, that it is cruel to keep a little child in school five hours a day. Wasu't Particular About Wag<?s. Year before last a bright looking young man entered our counting room in re? sponse to an advertisement for an assist? ant shipping clerk. He told the usual tale of how he desired a position more than wages for the time being, and was willing to accept a nominal salary to start on. The old man was feeling in particularly good humor that afterr oon, and said pleasantly to the new comer: "Well, sir, what would you consider a nominal salary? What would you be willing to accept in beginning?" The young man picked at tui lining of his hat with his fingers, and deferential? ly replied: "I want to show you, sir, that I mean business, and I will work for one cent the remainder of this month, providing you think it would not be too much to double my salary each month thereafter." "That's a novel proposition, surely," said the old man with a smile. "Do you know what you're talking about, my dear boy ?" "Well, sir, my principal aim 13 to learn the business," responded the young fel? low, "and I would almost be willing to work for nothing, but I'd like to feel and be able to say that I was earning some? thing, you know." "I'll take you,'' remarked the old mau. "One cent, two cents, four cents, eight, sixteen," he enumerated. "You won't get much for awhile," he added. He took him up to the cashier. "This is John Smith," he said. "He will go to work as assistant shipping clerk to? morrow. His salary will be one cent this month. Double it every month from now on." "In consideration of my working for this 8raa 11 salary I might ask you to as? sure me a position for a definite period ?" inquired John Smith. "We don't usually do that," replied the Governor; "but we can't lose much on you anyhow, I guess, and you look like an honest fellow. How long do you want employment?" "Thies years, sir, if agreeable to you." Well, by Jove, the old man agreed and young Mr. Smith, on pretense of wanting some evidence of stability of his place, got the Governor to write out and sign a paper that he had been guaranteed a position in the house for three years on the terms I have stated. He worked along for six months with? out drawing a cent. He said he would draw all his earnings at Christmas. The cashier oue day thought he'd figure up how much would be coming to the young man. He grew so interested in the pro? ject that he kept multiplying for the three years. The result almost staggered him. This is the column of figures he took to the old man : First month. 01 Second. 02 Third. 04 Fourth. 08 Fifth. 16 Sixth. 32 Seventh. G4 Eighth. 1.25 Ninth. 2.56 Tenth. 5.12 Eleventh..... 10.24 Twelfth. 20.48 Thirteenth. 40.9G Fourteenth. 81.92 Fifteenth. 163.S4 Sixteenth. 327.68 Seventeenth. 655 36 Eighteenth. 1,311.72 Nineteenth. 2,62344 Tweutieih. 5,247.08 Twenty-first. 10,494.10 Twenty-second. 20,988.32 Tweaty-third. 41,876.64 Twenty-fourth. 82,953.28 Twenty-fifth. 165,906.56 Twenty-sixth. 331,813.22 Twentv-seventh. 663,626.24 Twenty-eighth. 1,327,252.4S Twenty-ninth. 2,654,504.96 Thirtieth. 4,600,909.92 Thirty-first. 8,618,019.84 Thirty-second. 17,236,039.08 Thirty third. 34,472,078.36 Thirty-f mrth. 68,944,156.76 Thirty-fifth. 137,8SS,313.44 Thirty-sixth. 275,775,626.88 Total salary for 3 years..*552,554,253.G5 The Governor nearly fainted when he understood how, even if he was twice as rich as Vanderbilt, he would be ruined in paying John Smith's salary. He con? cluded to discbarge the modest young man at once. Smith had figured up how much would be duo him, and reminded the old man of his written agreement. Rather than take chances in courts and let everybody know how he had been duped, the Governor paid Smith $5,000 and bade him good-bye. A Colored Man's Suicide. wa3 a most unusual occurrence toflPHT<:c near our town last Friday. Mattisoi: Antney, colored, who has been living with Mr. N. H. Young'for a year or so, abjut 1* miles south of Prosperity, committed suicide by hanging himself to a tree in the pasture. He had some trouble with bis wife Friday morning, and threatened to cut his throat with his razor. He left the house saying he was going to kill himself; but no one thought anything more about it. He did not come home, and it being too wet to work, it was thought that he had gouc to his father's. He was found Monday morn? ing, and Coronor Bass was telegraphed for, and came down and held the inquest. The jury found a verdict that the deceas? ed came<|to his death by hanging at his own hands. The razor was found upon his person when examined. It was evi? dent from the struggles that he endeav? ored to save himself after stepping oil'the fence, as he was astride the fence when found, and his face showed that he had a Htrnggle, as it was scratched up consid? erably where it had came in contact with the body of the tree.? Xetrlwrif Ob&rnr, ? Charity is a first mortga^p on c-verv human being's possessions. DISCUSSING EVOLUTION. Dr. Wooclrow Before the Presbyterian As? sembly. DR. ARMSTRONG AGAINST EVOLUTION. From the form in which God has seen fit to give his revelation to us it covers in many cases the same field as science. God has given his revelation to us in a torm in which the most educated man in the world can study it with interest, and a babe can study its blessed truths. It is made up of biographies, historical state? ments, the Psalms and prophesies, the life of his Incarnate Son, the Acts of the Apostles, the Epistles and tbe glorious Revelation of the future. It must give biographies of good men and bad men. and must in mauy instances cover the same ground as that covered by science, both physical and motaphysical. The first chapters of Genesis tell us that God created the heavens and the earth and man. God wisely embodied this in His revelation ; it is a religious fact. Science covers the same ground. It may be just as truly religious as scientific, or it may be wholly religious or wholly scien? tific. When it is said, therefore, that when science attempts to cover certain ground that because the church covers the same ground it is intruding upon the domain of science, the claim is wholly unwarranted. Within the last century ? something that is called science has come forward. There is a great deal that claims to be science that is not science, tbat claims to determine some of these questions that the church has always considered settled by revelation. They say don't bother this, when it belongs to the church, and has beeu ours since time whereof the memory of man runneth not to the contrary. Science comes in and squata upon our territory. [Laugh? ter.] The cheek of the thing is mon? strous. [Laughter.] These things may be studied as strictly religious or strictly scientific. If you will conGue yourself to true science there is no possible conflict between revelation and science. The book of Nature and the book of Revela? tion are both by the same God, and he is a true God, and there is no conflict in the testimony. In deciding the question before us I would impress on you that this belongs to the Church, that it is a fundamental religious truth. We can confine our? selves to the strict religious aspect of the question, and we do not infringe upon the field of science. We have attempted in the majority re? port to give an exposition of our stand? ards. They may be right or wrong but they are to us Presbyterians an authentic exposition as to what the Scriptures teach. Our paper only gives the evolution of man. Language cannot be made so clear that some man is not iugenious enuugh to pervert it. Now in what sense must we understand it? What must govern us in our interpretation ? We must in? terpret them in their historic sense. My conclusion is tbat in tbe interpretation of creeds and covenants, we must inter? pret them in the sense that we believe those who framed them meant them. We don't claim for our Confession of Faith the authority of inspiration. There is but one divinely inspired book. What am I to do if I cannot understand them in their historical sense ? When they ordained me they called upon me to accept tbe Confession of Faith as the system of religion of our church. Now I may not believe fully every point in that confession in its historical sense. If I can establish my error is not a danger? ous or vital one they tell me to go ahead. I had a doubt about the length of the 8ixdays in which the world was created. I do not doubt that in its historical sense it meant six days of 24 hours each, but I do not know if I am prepared to accept that belief. Neither do I know if I believe tbat it means six years or long periods of time. I don't know now which I believe. Again, our confession teaches that a mau must not marry any person nearer of kin to his deceased wifcj than he could marry if kin to himself. That is, he might not marry his deceased wife's sister. I do not believe this. Now the church allows a cerlaiu liberty within rational bounds. What then is to deter? mine if this historic interpretation of this question is to be received ? The church. ![f I cannot receive them, I can appeal to the Presbytery, from this to the Synod, from that to the Assembly. They decide is this a fundamental error likely to do harm. If not then they say go on, your error in belief is not dangerous or hurtful to the church. I have thus tried to de? fine for you the limits of liberty allowed to personal belief. The word "create" in the account of the creation of man, can have but one meaning and that is immediate creation. That is what our creed teaches; that is what our confession of faith teaches. The rule is inflexible that we must inter? pret them historically, but our book pro? vides for certain liberty of belief. It must be shown tbat my error of belief or practice i3 a mischievous one before I can be dealt with. For this majority report I ask your careful cousideration. Its language is peculiar. It has been carefully prepared by the committee. It is uot ray paper, nor Dr. Smoot's paper, nor Dr. Junkin's, nor Dr. Stickler's, but it is the joint ivork and united wisdom of all. We ask that you do not make cap? tious objections to its verbiage. Don't make captious objections to this report. Tt is the best we could do. We have used plain language rather than scientific technicalities. Science is now like the sheet which Peter saw lowered down from the heavens ; it is filled with animals of every kind and all sorts of four-footed things. |Laughter.] By or? ganic dust we mean mould vegetable or animal mould as contradistinguished from sand or clay. Adam's body was made of organic dust. The Bible doesn't say it was created of clay, but of organic dust. But when a man says it was evolv? ed on' if organic diist, I can't agree to that; I dun'i know what he means. Evolution in defined as "descent with modifications." Where have we an illu.s (.ration of natural evolution? Plants and animals, under the fostering care of ?Uli?, .?uc offered ?s examples. The Jcr .-.-_)? i:-iW 1:? riilbl I" l?J IUI f " rIII 1.14111 froHI an inferior grade. Hut evolution neces? sarily implies lifo 'Vom which the anipial came, and also life iu the evolutc state itself, if I may use a mathematical term. Now let us consider evolution from inor? ganic dust. Suppose your cow dies and becomes partly decomposed. There you have your dust; what will you give me for the calf you can evolvo from that dust? [Laughter.] If you talk about evolution from organic dust we must put a different meaning on organic dust. We say in our report that he was creat? ed without any nntural animal parentage, and in a manner to preserve propef race unity ? What do we mean by race unity ? That there was no more ape blood in Eve than in Adam, or vice versa in this ground work for proper race unity. This is simply the statement of what we be? lieve. The deliverance is what we under? stand our standards to teach. It was this our Westminster divines meant when they formulated these doctrines. This is no new doctrine. I have said when you come to decide on limits of liberty, it must be determined if the error is one that strikes at the vitals of religion and is liable to do harm. We say these teachings of evolution are dangerous errors, because they endanger the plenary inspiration af the scriptures, and leave the Bible no longer worthy to be called the Word of God. These old ministers who have been grounded in the Word of God for twenty-five years are not endan? gered by the teaching, but the young men, if they adopt the same doctrine, are swept away. I don't believe in evolution in any sense and I am glad I don't; but if you do, don't let it carry you to the belief that it refers to man made iu the image of God. It will necessitate giving up the doctrine of the fall. According to evolution, man was at his lowest stage, just evolved from a brute?how could he fall? he was already low as he could get. [Laughter.] I want to hold on to those first chapters of Genesis. I believe the garden of Eden had as true and distinct location as the city of Jerusalem. It is all history to me. It is a book plenarily inspired ; it is the word of God. DB. WOODKOW AND EVOLUTION. It has been truly said that I am simply uue of the members of this body. I am not entitled to anything that ought not to be extended to any other member. It has been truly said that I have no more interest in this matter than any other member of the Assembly or church. Yet I am not surprised, when I see that sense of courtesy and propriety which marks this body, that you have done what you have in granting me too hours in licb to address you. I have been pushed into the forefront of the battle that is now raging und disturbing the whole church. I wish to expresB my deep regret if I might ever seem to be placed iu antagonism with the venerable father in the church who addressed you this morning. I heartily agree with the greater part of what he said. God forbid that I should differ from it! In greater parts they were my sentiments. And if I have been supposed to believe other? wise, I have been greatly misunderstood. Anything that could lead to a doubt of the plenary inspiration of the Scriptures should not be entertained by this Assem? bly. There is no human being living who believes more fully than I iu the plenary inspiration of every word of the Scriptures. And if any doctrine I hold can be shown to be in opposition 10 that I renounce it at once. Show me that it is in opposition to any ''thus sayeth the Lord," I instantly abandon it. There is not one word in my belief that does directly or indirectly impugn one sen? tence in that Sacred Word. I think I can show it to be so. There is not the slightest doubt in my mind of the perfect historical accuracy of the first chapter of Genesis and of every other chapter. Dr. Armstrong properly called atten? tion to the fact that this question is fully before you, and you have the right to discuss it. But it is not always our duty to do that which it is our right and authority to do. And I think this is one of those cases. We are told that the churches are everywhere troubled on this question. This is true, but, Moderator, the troubler does not stand before this Assembly at this moment. If apparently introduced by myself, it was iu answer to most urgent demands that could have been brought against any member in this branch of the Church of Zion. I am not sorry it was biought, because I think it will enable all to see more clearly the beauty, truth and simplicity of the Word of God. God raaketh the anger of man to please him. It has been said this j question is not alone scientific. So far as it is scientific, the church has nothing to do with it. It has nothing to do with anything not ecclesiastical. Every scien? tific aspect must be ruled out. If any? thing touches the truth of the Word of God, it is ecclesiastical and a proper subject for this Assembly. But while agreeing with him in so much as referred to the domains of religion and science, and while appreciating his charge that science was a squatter upon the territory of religion, and that their friends the enemy must get out, I would remind him that science has some rights as well. We who are studying God's Word and works find ample testimony for Him in both. There is just as much squatting, and it is just as cheeky for the ecclesias? tic to poach on science as for science to intrude upon the ecclesiastic. Turn your minds to the truth and the facts in the case. Where damage has been done in one instance by the intru. sion on the part of i-cience, thousands and th nisinds havo b:en pushed down to hell by those to whom the work of God has been entrusted and who imaginei therefore, that all tho field of science has been left to them. You have been told?and rightly told ?that an oath is to be taken in the sense in which it is understood by the imposcr of the oath. Whether you will take all He says about the historic seuse when we have His own example in turning bis hack upon it, I do not know. He tells us man was created, not of sand or clay, but of organic dust?of a sort of mould. Did any of you have any idea that it was thai sort of dust ? You and I never dreamed it was other than sand or clay. Ife mine* and pays, "nit tin; that won't du, 1 call (dm? y.ill that Wmi't. du, because there ?10 silicate* aini silicic acids, etc., in IIhjso whidi fin nnl appear In tho composition of men." These component parts are declared to exist in sand or clay by science. Now, I would not, on any account, subordinate the word of God iu this way to the teach? ings of science. We have a conspicuous example from the distinguished gentle? man who addressed us this morning, who tells us it is science and we must accept it. He says the catechism must be taken in the sense of those who wrote it. It teaches that in six days God created Heaven and earth. What did those peo? ple mean in the sixteenth century by the Heavens and earth? They meant those bodies circling around the earth. When you accept that teaching in the sense of those who wrote it they meant by the heavens those things that were floating around us. I apprehend if you began to examine your faith along with that of the men of the sixteenth century you would find many differences that never occurred to you. I accept as you accepted, and I now ac? cept evory vord in this story of the crea? tion contained in our standards. I be? lieve that He created man from the dust, and woman from the rib taken from the man's side. If I had full power to re? write our standard I would not wish to change a scnteuce, word or loiter from that which already exists. I must there? fore beg that you rid your minds of the idea that I oppose tho grounds taken by Dr. Armstrong. The great difficulty is that those entertaiuing ideas differing from the majority report are misunder? stood. This whole subject is a new one. It was not iu existence until a compara? tively late period. It mU3t pass through many periods before it reaches an easily understood shape. You have been called ou to condemn tho heresy of evolution, without any qualification, and then in so far as it relates to man. Let me read to you from Dr. Armstrong. He sets out a scheme of evolution thus : The oak pass? es into the silk worm, the silk worm into the frog, the frog into man. I never saw any one who even came in a thousand miles of believing such a caricature. Is it straugc you should say, "Out of my way" with such absurdity? If this pro? found studc.it of half a century errs thus in representing evolution, what can we expect from those who have had no such opportunity for study ? Again, Dr. Armstrong has announced in this book a fact that is a most important step in geology of the last half century, if true. And he asserts it upon his own observa? tion. It is absolutely new to every geol? ogist in the world. He says that on the Western flank of the Alleghenies in Vir? ginia grow corals and sponges of the same character as those upon the Florida coast. There is much of doubt hanging over new sciences, and we ought not to be too hurried in the expressions of our opinions. It is desirable that the church should take more time before giving a definite utterance of its opiuion upon evolution. I do not want to reflect on our predecessors, but wherever tbe church has undertaken to decide any question showing the relation of science and religion, she has always been totally wrong, iu variably and dreadfully wrong. Fifteen hundred years ago the church taught that the idea was not only ridicu? lous, but contrary to tbe scriptures tbat tbe earth was round. In the sixteenth century the mobility of the earth and fixedness of the starry system was con? demned by the Christian church. The law of gravitation was condemned as taking away from God the power He ha* of controlling His universe. Shall we learn anything or not? Shall we not learn that we must take a little time to decide these questions ? This question is too new for us to speak authoritatively upon. You are told that it is dangerous. The established princi? ples of interpretation have led to the views here antagonized. The iufallable rule for interpreting Scripture is by the Scripture itself. Things not clear in themselves are elsewhere sufficiently ex? plained to give proper understanding. The Scriptures principally teach what man is to teach concerning God and what duties God requires of man. Not only do they principally teach this but they teach nothing else. The Bible was not intended to teach the relation between things, but between God and man. You aro requested to say that Adam and Eve were created by an immediate act so as to preserve the perfect race unity. Now, if you are going to explain you ought to make things plainer. What do you mean by immediate? Do you mean without media? There were the dust, the rib as media in this creation. It cannot mean, therefore, without media. It must mean, then, instantaneous. Who told you it was instantaneous? Did God ? Does He tell you how long lie took to make man ? He says He did it. He did with dust of the ground. But docs he say He did it iustanlaneously ? There is no hint, however slight, that it was so. Neither these standards nor tbe word of God affirm it. You are adding to the word of God aud requiring those under you to believe that which God has not spoken. That Adam's body was directly fashioned by Almighty God our standards nor the Bible say anything of the sort. The Bible is absolutely silent as to mode and time. If you assert that you know, you err. You assert that which you will not find authority for in the word of God. This majority report affirms that this pair were created without any natural animal parentage. How do they know this! They wcr.5 created, it is ,*>aid, from dust. How long had this dust been created? Sonic will auswer that it was created a few days before. Others, that it was created ages?long geological a;jcs?before. Now, what changes occurred in those ages? You do not know. If you adopt this report you will be adding not only to our stand? ards unlawfully, but you will be adding to God's word that which ho never taught or that which it is nowhere intimated he meant to teach. We have no right to interpret God's thoughts. Are wc (it to say what God's way would be? (rod leads His children through a path beset with pain and agony. When our chil? dren ask for bread, we give it them. But Go I says, ret your bro.nl by the sweat of your lirtiw. His llioiigiil.s an- unl mir lliiiilglit.s, Iii- way - au; n..| um- ways. I There, ?ir? many Illings we liavn I u confess I that wo cannot muler.statid. What was the nature aud the meaning ot that "still, small voice?" I do not know. But I know that God caused that voico to come aud I know what it effected, and that is all that it is necessary for us to know. I know God created man, but I don't know how He did it, and lam not going to thrust forward my own peculiar views upon a matter which God in no way teaches. We are told by God in His word that He made the body of Adam from literal dust. And because of that, evolution canuot refer to Adam's body. But what is said on that subject is said almost word for word in regard to the lower animals. What may be true of the formation of onc; may be true of the other, and any one who admits '.hat the lower animals may have been formed by an cvoluting process must admit that the body of man may have been formed in the same manner. Dr. Armstrong says in his book : "The hypothesis of evolu? tion, in its most limited range, is not irreconcilable as I think with the Bible account of the creation of pla.nts and animals in the world." Are you going in the face of what is told you by this learned divine? But the same language is used with regard to the lower animals that is said of the body of man. Are you going in this hurried and unadvised way to add to the standards of the church? You are told that this doctrine, if ac? cepted as probably true, will endan ger the doctrine of the federal headship of Christ, If this is so, then it is untrue. But it passes my comprehension to see wherein the connection lies. It cannot make any possible difference what God used. Who was Adam ? WaH Adam that which was made of the dust of the ground in the image of God? No, tho soul was the man, and nothing became man until it was united with the soul, and if there had been a million forms like Adam's it did not become man or Adam until God placed the soul within it. I will not enter upon the sentimental side of the question. I have presented in brief some of the principal reasons why you should not now consider these overtures that have been submitted to the Assembly. But your answer should be to them: For the teachings of the church we refer you to the standards Of the church. I would urge that you ab? stain from what would be a grievous wrong and must prejudice a case now pending in a lower court of this church. I have now spoken as long as I care to now ; if I shall sec fit at some later time to avail myself of the remaining quarter of an hour belonging to me, I should like the privilege to do so. I will say no more now. Courting. There seems to be something inexpres? sibly sweet in courtiug. There are charms in it that need to be felt to be appreciated. To be able to open the heart and afFectious to one beloved is indeed one of the daintiest delights of earthly existence. There is not much in one person holding the hand of another, but just let that union of palms and digits be as it is poetically called a "golden aorta," and what a change of cause and effect! Hands of friends are shaken ; of near and dear relatives, of brother, sister, mother, or even mother in-law, and thrill of joy shoots through the frame. How different?how wildly different, says the engaged girl, when you lay your hand to rost in the palm of him who is to be your Siamese twin Tor ever and ever. The moon may be glim? mering on the scene, or it may be under less beautiful influences, in a room dimly lighted by a struggling flame?"all de same"?as almond-eyed John would say, juxtaposition to what fairly magnetizes, is a situation of exquisite bliss, the which, to the woman who goes to her grave without feeling, is a loss of im. measurable immensity. Married-life cares may come, as come they do, it matters not; that eventful period of every woraau's existence, who has been gathered into "the fold," is recurred to with sensations that break in upon dark days, like a flood of light, or as comes the sweet, first approaches of dawu, es with dimpled cheeks and rosy finger-tip:?, the curtain of the night is drawn aside, while her smile falls on the sleeping ilowers. No matter where 'tis done?in doors, without doors?the charm is the same for by it darkness is invested with light, and light softened and subdued. It awakens au interest one in another that expresses itself in every variety of wise. What fellow is there who hau "been there," who does not know to what an intense degree the emotions have been excited by some tender souvenir given on Sunday night?the red letter period of courtship! Its value may have been little, and paradoxically speaking its bulk small, the effect was the same; it made the heart glow and the whole body tremble as though a battery of bliss were electrifying the entire "anatomy and trimmings." Music is said to have excelling charms, such as can wake a sigh or scatter a cabhagei Be it so, but believe, ye who have not tasted, that courting has beatitudes that have not their couuterpart on earth.? Charleston Dispatch. Work iT you Would Rise, Soon after the great Edmund Burke had been making one of his powerful speeches in Parliament, his broth?r Richard was found sitting in silent rev? erie ; and when asked by a friend what was he thinking about, replied : ''I have beeu wondering how Ned has contrived to monopolize all the tal? ents in our family. But then I remem? ber that when we were doing nothing, or at play, he was always at work." And the force of this anecdote is in? creased by tho fact that Richard was always considered, by those who knew him best, to be superior, in natural talent to his brother, yet the one rose to great? ness, while the other lived and died in comparative obscurity. The lesson to all is, if you would suc ceel in life, he diligent; improve your time; work. "Sccst (hou a man," says Solomon, "diligent in h's I'u-ine-w ? lie .-lull aland Lufoiv Kings; I.e. shall not island before" that is, >)vt\\ not he ranked with? "mean men,'' NOT ALL FLOWERS. What 11 Texan, who Is a Natlvo'of Ander? son County, Thinks of Florida. We take pleasure in laying tbe follow? ing letters written by Mr. M. J. Dean, formerly of this County, but for a num? ber of years a citizen of Texas, before our readers. They were writteu for the Tyler Democrat and Reporter and are republished at the request of Mr. Dean's friends in this County : I promised several of your subscribers, before leaving Texas, tbat I would give a sketch of my trip and what I saw. I boarded the Texas and St. Louis traiu at Tyler, at 2:40 p. m., Feb. 1st., and ran out to Big Sandy, at the rate of 30 miles an hour. I tell you the T. & St. L. is a daisy since they have put on the heavy steel rails. At Big Sandy I laid over till 8:30 p. m., for the T. & P. train. While there I formed the acquaintance of Mr. Sanford, of Boyce, La. Mr. S. had been to Tyler prospecting, and was so well pleased with our country and Tyler that he located his family there, and was on his way to Louisiana for a car load of Jersey cattle. He contem? plates establishing a permanent ranch, and also a dairy and creamery, at or near Tyler. Mr. S. is a very pleasant traveling companion, and I hope will succeed. I also had the company of our old towrje man, W. G. Cain, as far as Mansfield. My trip from Big Sandy to Boyce was during the night; consequently I did not see anything of the country. Boyce is about fifteen miles above Alexandria, and in my old war stamping grounds. I noticed several places that looked famil? iar. But the country has undergone con? siderable changes since free labor came in vogue. South of Alexandria cane planting was the order of tbe day. They were breaking and bedding the ground with six-mules plows. At 6:50 p. m. we landed in New Orleaos; and I would here say to your readers if they want to be heaped up and shaken together, take a trip on the T. P. Road, for it is just what can do it. Tbe roughest road extant. After leaving my friend Sanford, I formed the acquaint? ance of Mr. Y. M. Whitlock, of Union County, South Carolina. Mr. W. was returning home from Texas, via Florida. We stopped two days in New Orleans, and took in the exposition. The best description I can give' of it is, it is a failure in every respect. They have a tableau of the destruction of Pompib which is exhibited at night, but the weather was so cold and unfavorable that it was not exhibited while we were there. We left New Orleans on the L. and N. road, at 7 p. m., and landed in Pensaco la, Florida, next morning at 6 o'clock. Pensacola is a city of considerable note on the gulf coast. It is in a very poor country. It is supported by its shipping interests, principally lumber. From there we started for Jacksonville, via Chattahoochee, on the Apalachicola River, over the Pensacola and Atlantic Railroad, and the Savannah, Florida and Western, arriving at Jacksonville at 9 p. m. From Pensacola to Jacksonville, a distance of about 500 miles, is as poor country as I ever saw anywhere. From Pensacola to DeFurmak Springs, 126 miles, there is not an acre in cultivation, nor a settlement except in the little vil? lages at the stations along tbe railroad. The land is as poor as "Job's turkey." The growth is scrubby long leaf pine and poverty grass. The balance of the trip through Southern Georgia and Northern Florida is but little better. We speut Friday night at the St. Charles Hotel, Jacksonville. On Saturday morning we took a steamer for Palatka, a distauce of 75 miles up tbe St. John River?fare, two bits round trip. There is war among the transportation compa? nies, and they almost pay you to ride. We were on the Eliza Haucock. The Sylvan Glen, the opposition boat, left the wharf fifteen minutes ahead of us, but we overhauled her at Ticoi, 50 miles, and passed her. For the next ten miles it was the hottest race I ever saw. The Hancock kept about half her length ahead, and was gaining ground, when some of the ladies became frightened for fear of an explosion, and demanded the Captain to check up. The engineer shut down the throttle and let the Glenn run ahead, but we arrived at Palatka in three minutes after she did, so we claim the victory. St. John River will average four or five miles wide from Jacksonville to Palatka, is very clear, and dotted with thriving towns. The growth along its banks is palmetto, magnolia and pine, draped with long moss. From Palatka we took the Florida Southern Railway to this place, 48 miles. It is a narrow gauge, with heavy iron rails, and runs like lightning. This is in the Hammock lands, and is tbe only part of Florida I have seen that I would have. They cultivate nothing but oranges and vegetables in this section. They have the fdvantages of the rail? road and Orange Lake, navigable for boats and schooners. I am in a settle? ment filled with South Carolinians, aod you may guess I feel very much at home. I received a special invitation last night to take dinner with Capt. W. D. Evan3 to day. I have uot met him yet, but will surely accept the invitation. And as it is nearly time to start, I will closo for the present. Will write again next week, and let you know how I like Florida. When I last wrote I was in Evinston, Florida, and had received an invitation to dine with Captain Evins on that day. You have been with me at good dinners enough to know how I enjoy such things. The Captain and his family were all strangers to me, but when I sat down to that dinner I decided at once that the Evins family were not strangers to good eating. To tell all the good thiugs that wore on the table would bo too tedious, but it was a superb dinner. And I found tho Captain and family just as clever folks as can be found anywhere. T spent several days with them, and can safely say I never met kinder people. And I would not forget John Kirk, Dr. Little, .loe Reed, Dr. Montgomery and the Kiiicrs hi h??ys, all of whom treated nie like a hi'oiht-.f. Tuesday morning I boarded tin' HorMa I Houthorn train for Palatka, on St. John's River. From there I went to Tecoi by boat; then by rail to the city of St. Au? gustine, the oldest city in North Ameri? ca, reaching there at 9 p. m. the same evening. It is situated on the Atlantic coast, thirty-six miles from Jacksonville. For history and dates I am indebted to Bloomfield's Historical Guide: St. Augustine, Florida, is said to he the oldest city by forty years in the United States. Juan Ponce de Leon is supposed to have been the first one who landed in Florida, on the Sunday before Easter, in 1512. The event of founding St. Augustine did not take place until 15S5, fifty-three years after the first landing of DeLeon. On the 8th day of May, 1565, Pedro Menendez de Aviles, at the head of some of Spai n's most valiant knights, landed on the shores of Florida, and planted the banner of Spain, pro? claiming Philip II. the ruler of the whole continent of North America. I was up early Wednesday morning, ready to "take in" the city. The first place I visited was old Fort Marion, which stands at the Northeastern end of the town. The walls are twenty-one feet high, with bastions at each corner. It was begun in 1696 and completed in 1756, being the oldest fortification in the United States. Its first name was "San Juan de Pinos," afterwards changed to "San Marco," and upon the change of flags, in 1821, to its present name. The fort is built of coquina. The Appala? chian Indians were employed upon if for more than sixty years. The Fort occu? pies about four acres of ground. The main entrance was by a draw bridge. Over the doorway of the entrance is sculptured on a block of stone the Span? ish coat of arms, surmounted by the globe and cross, and a lamb be'neath. Immediately under the coat of arms is this inscription iu Spanish. (I give the translation in English as I find it in Bloomfield's Guide): "Don Ferdinand the VI., being King of Spain, and the Field Marshal Don Alonzo Ferdinanda Horeda being Governor and Captain General of this place, St. Augustine and its province, this Fort was finished in the year 1756. The works were directed by the Oaptain-Eugineer Don Pedro de Brozassy Garay." On entering, you find yourself in the court or parade ground, one hundred feet square. Inside there are twenty-seven casemates thirty-five feet long and eighteen feet wide. These casemates were used for different purposes. The casemate in front of the sally-port has on each side as you enter it a niche that was used for holy water vessels, and at the end is an altar; above the altar is a niche where was at one time an image of some saint or martyr of the church. This was the chapel where service was held. In another bomb proof is a raised platform ; this is supposed to have been the judg meut hall where court-martial was held. Under the north-east bastion we find a dark, gloomy dungeon, twenty feet long, six feet wide and nearly five feet high, where not a ray of light can penetrate. This was once built up and cut off from all communication with the rest of the fort. There are two other dungeons. If walls could talk, no doubt th'iy could tell some wonderful tales. There are rumors thft iron cages and human bones were found in those dungeons years ago, but I can't vouch for the certainty of the ru? mors. In 1665, when Captain Davis, the English pirate, plundered St. Augustine, the fort was constructed of wood, octa? gonal in shape. History says that on the arrival of Mendenez, in 1665, he immedi? ately constructed a wooden fort. It was bombarded by Sir Francis Drake in 1586. Gov. Moore, of South Carolina, captured St. Augustine in 1702, and held the town for three months. Before he withdrew he burned the city. He, however, failed to capture the fort. Gen. Oglethorpe bombarded the fort in 1740, but did no injury beyond a few scars on its sea-front, the marks of which are yet visible. The Spanish cathedral, Governor's palace, old slave market, plaza with Con? federate monument, city gates, pyramids where the remains of Major Dade and his one hundred 3nd seven comrades who were massacred by the Indians are in? terred are all places of note, but I have not time to say more now. At 11:15 Thursday morning I took the train for Jacksonville. This beautiful city (the Indian name was "Wacco Pilat ka," meaning "cow yard") is on the north bank of the St. John's River. Its present name was given in honor of Gen. Andrew Jackson, the first Governor of Florida. It has now a resident popula? tion of 1S.000 or 20,000. It is a port of entry, and has a custom house, U. S courts aud signal service offices. Here I bought a ticket for Anderson, S. C, via Savannah, Charleston and Columbia. I reached Anderson in 29 hours' run from St. Augustine, including six and a half hours delay in Jacksonville and Charles? ton?distance 592 miles. Now I am away from the land', of "Flowers," I will fulfill my promise in my last letter. I can say, unhesitatingly, that Florida is the poorest country I ever saw (I mean the soil). I was in twelve counties, and outside of Alachua County I saw nothing but poor land. It is flat pine lands, with saw-palmetto or wire grass, interspersed with clear lakes, well supplied with fish. Where you find hammock land it has different timber and is very good soil, but there is so lit? tle of that kind. I was very much sur? prised to find the pine trees so small. I expected to see giant trees. When I left home I expected to go farther south than I did but I met with so many travelers that told me I had seen as good or better than I would find south I declined. My opinion is the Florida boom will soon be a thing of the past. But don't let me discourage any one that wishes to go to Florida; however I would advise them to first visit the country before dis? posing of their homes. If I had a home near Micanopy, Kvinstou or Boardmao, Alachua County, I would he templed to move there, but land is so high it would take a Gould to get a hold. They ask from ?25 to $3000 per acre, and you know there i.s not many of us that could take many acres at the latter price. I have said enough about Florida. I am now in my native land, among kin? dred and friends, and am having u fat time. 1'ci hupi 1 may catch <iu in some? thing that will In; interesting to your readers; if I do I will writo again, ARP, THE PROHIBIT! ?.MST, { Georgia'? numcroiiH Willian. Ar^Ves j/ Charlotte and Glyain Blast for ttou. Charlotte Observer, 2S.'A nil. Major Charles H. Smith, who is better! known as "Bill Arp," arrived in the city" yesterday morning from Eaitei n North Carolina. He has been delivering lec? tures in that section of our Sts.le, and left last evening for Camden, S. C, where he has an appointment to lectur* ?o-night. Knowing that Major Smith was from the much talked of prohibition Stale of Georgia, and curious to get his views on the prohibition question, an Observer reporter met him at the Cen'.ral Hotel. The reporter found that Major Smith is a prohibitionist from top to bottom, and the views given in the subjoined inter? view, it must be remembered, :ome from the standpoint of an ardent si pporter of" prohibition. These are "Bill Arp's" views, and can be accepted for what they are worth. The interview bet iveen Maj, Smith and the reporter was in substance* | as follows : "Well, Major, we are now in tho midst of prohibition excitement. Our people are thoughtful and concerned. You Georgians are in advance of us in this matter, and I wish you would tell us briefly how prohibition is working in your 113 counties." "I cannot speak advisedly from any ^ county but my own, but for tbat I can say our people are content. We have lived under prohibition for sixteen months. After an exciting election, in w.jich Sam Jones and Dr. Felton took an active part, we carried it by only two votes, sut I feel assured that if tbe vote was taken now we would carry it by 2,000 votes? perhaps, more, perhaps all. It does prohibit in our county and our town. There may be a few who import and use, and perhaps enjoy from long habits, but it is safe to say tbat uiue-tenths of the drinking has.' been stopped. Even the men vho still ; take their morning dram are pleased to | see that those who abuse it cannot got it."~ Indeed, many of those who from a convi? vial nature patronized tbe saloras, are gratified at the reformation. Tiey say> it is right to quit, not only from i moral standpoint, but from a sanitary andbasi^ ness one. In fact the moral argument***, exhausted because there is nothii g more to say. Everything has been said tbat can be said, and it is enough in all con- C science. I heard a good man say to-day B that he feared it would make hypocrites and sneaks of our young men, f )r they would still get it on the sly and feel degraded for having to do so. We II, they are getting it on the sly now. Tho bottle has long since been taken from be top of the sideboard and put in tbe cupboard I or somewhere out of sight. Every saloon | has its screen at the front door and a back entrance somewhere. Public opinion has j already condemned it, and no your g rr.an can get a drummer's place who uses jt habitually. Even the agitation b?geta a healthy moral sentiment. So if you do not win, you are making progress, illtjio^ time, vc ? re doing good. The facth ^ that ? =' o /is doomed. It is lite the? CD stock taw?and "no fence" is spnading \ all over the State. Mankind are making 1 progress. No, sir; our Bartow peopled are content. Talk about your sumptuary laws and the rights of a man. Why, sir, a woman has some rights, and the chief one is a protection for her husband anji^ her sons?the sons she bore and notrrfrh- - ed, and for whom she pleadingly, tear? fully asks for protection." "Have any of your counties repealed the law?" "No, sir; and I do not think thej will., If any of them do, it will be because ?.he law is not enforced, and the peoplo be? come disgusted and say 'it is all a hum? bug'?what kind of an argument is tbat? Alex. Stephens said the best way to repeal a bad law was to enforce it, and j ist'sc the best way to repeal a good law it not| to enforce it. We enforce it in our coun? try?even our drug stores are for it, andj no man can juggle with them. "But what about losing trade and ex? pressing business ?" "Why that is all a cauard. Our bu?t ness men say they never had a butter trade than last fall and they say n oro, 'that if tbey had lost half their trade'hoy would be well repaid in the morals ol"tie community?in the shortening of tLd courts, in the diminution of taxes, in the empty jail, in the happy hearthstone and in the bright pro3pority of the futun (if our young men." "But I must go. I wish I had tinM to talk longer about the blessing of pro* hibition." , fur The Philosophy of Vaccination, Professer Tyndall explains the philos? ophy of vaccination as follows: When iX tree or a bundle of wheat or barley straw is burned, a certain amount of mineral matter remaias iu the ashes?extremely small in comparison with the bulk of ibe tree or straw, but absolutely essential to its growth. Iu a soil lacking, or tx^. hausted of, the necessary constituent, tire tree cannot live, the crop cannot grow. Now, contagia are living things, wh'nh demaud certain elements of life, just as inexorably as trees or wheat or barley; and it is not difficult to see that a crop of a given parasite may so far use up a con? stituent existing in small quantities^ the body, but essential in the growth a parasite, as to render the body unfit the production of a second crop. Tie soil is exhausted ; and until tbe lost cox.- I stituent is restored, the body is protected from any further attack from the same disorder. Such an explanation of non recurreut diseases naturally presents itself to a thorough believer in the germ theory: and such was tho solution which, in repl;r to a question, I ventured to offer nearb'H fifteen years ago to an eminent physician. To exhaust a soil, however, a parasite"lesit vigorous and destructive than the really virulent one may suffice; and if, after having, by means of a feebler organism, exhausted tho soil without fatal result, tho most highly virulent paravltc be in? troduced into the system, it will prow, powerless. This, in the language of the germ theory, U the whole secret of vac? cination. ? A deed of trust Lending a mail ? j dollar.