Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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T^r-^^ ' ANDERSON, S. 0., TITDRSDAY MORNING, MAY 21, 1885. _ ^ VOLUME XXV^NO^ ARCTIC SODA WATER, BETTER THAN EVER! Twervhis Flive Tickets ': I^or $1.00. When you come to the City, and wish a good, cooling, . refreshing glass of Soda, Vichy or Congress Water, go to WILKITE * WILHITE And call for Soda Water with "Bed Orange Syrup." Beats the world. Strawherry, Baspberry, Pine Apple, Banana, Sarsaparilla, Vanilla, Orgeat. True to name, and of best quality. 25 TICKETS FOR $1.00 Good for either Soda, Vichy or Congress Water. Congress Water relieves Headache and Dyspepsia, and is one of the best mineral waters sold. ICE CREAM SODA WATER IS NICE. TOY IT. WILHITE & WILHITE. May 14, 1885 _ 44-_ 14 So Tell all the People for Miles Around!" -THAT JOHN M. HUBBARD * BRO. ARE PREPARED TO SELL MORE JEWELRY, MORE WATCHES, MORE SILVERWARE, MORE CLOCKS, &C, AT PRICES MORE TO YOUR NOTION. THAN EVER BEFORE. EVERYTHING in the shape of a Watch, Clock or Jewelry thoroughly repaired. F?5.1885 . - - 30 _ WE BOW To our Friends and Customers who have so liberally patronized us in the past. We desire to return thanks, and offer our usual Spring and Summer Greeting! WE ARE PREPARED TO OFFER BARGAINS IN ALL KINDS GENERAL MERCHANDISE, PLANTATION SUPPLIES ? AND ? FARMING IMPLEMENTS; WE ARE AGENTS FOR Daniel Pratt Gin Co.'s Gins, Feeders and Condensers. Baxbour Machine Co.'s Cotton Seed and Grain Crusher. Empire Threshers, Engines and Saw Mills. Champion Reapers, Mowers and Binders?the world-renowned Harvesting Ma? chines, which hare been sold and used in Anderson and adjoining Counties for the past ten year*, and for durability and economy there is none to compare with the Champion. We "would also mention the Count's Home-made 7-Fingered Grain Cradle?a South Carolina production?of which we sold during the season of 1884 several dozen by way of introduction, and have made arrangements to furnish them this season again to all who may desire a good home-made Cradle. Our "White Hickory" one and two-horse Wagons are well known throughout this country, and speak their own praise. The Thomas Smoothing Harrow and Perfected Pulverizer is an implement that should be on every farm. They can be used for cultivating crops of Corn and Cotton, as well as in the preparation of the land for planting and sowing. Call and see them. The "Wixon" Patent Heel Sweep is growing in favor every day. Inveuted and manufactured lu Georgia. Used and recommended by the late J. C. Furman, the great intensive farmer of Georgia. The blades being adjustable and easily changed, make it a cheap and desirable Sweep. We are taking orders for future delivery, and would ask you to call and examine it. We also sell the Mishawaka Sulky and Walking Turn Plows in all sizes, . The best Chewing Tobacco in the market, made by S. W. Venable, of Petersburg, Va., embracing the celebrated brands of "Blue Jeans," "Rapidan," "True Blue" and ??Florimel." A trial asked?a good chew guaranteed. Other makes and grades also on baud. McCULLY, CATHCABT & CO. Anderson, fi. C, April30, 1885 FISHING TACKLE, HOOJKZS and LINES OF ALL KINDS AT SIMPSON, KEID & CO.'S DRUG STORE, Waverly House Corner, Anderson, 8. C. April 22,1889 U THE SOUTH AT NEW ORLEANS. A Wonderful Display of Natural Resources. Columbia correspondence Newt and Courier. Major Luther A. Ransom, the chief clerk of the agricultural department, is known throughout South Carolina and beyond its borders as a gentleman thor? oughly posted in regard to the resources of South Carolina, and active and intel? ligent in making them known. He is an industrial authority, and on his return a couple of days ago from a long stay in New Orleans*I requested him to sketch for the News and Courier the advantages, present and prospective, following the exhibits made by tho Southern States, and particularly South Carolina. ^ He has done so, and I am sure that his in? teresting account will be read with pleas uro and profit. Major Ransom's Account. Of course, it is too soon to make pre? dictions as to the result of the Exposition, so far as the material interest of the State is concerned, but some benefits are already appareut. In a general way, I may say that the Southern exhibits have enthused .the Southern people and as tounded the people of the other sections of the Union. The Exposition has un? doubtedly fully demonstrated the superi? ority of the South over any other section of the country in natural resources. The beautiful exhibits of the Northwestern States are composed chiefly of cereal productions, the Pacific States and Ter? ritories of minerals, the Northern aud Eastern States of manufactured products and machines, showing the inventive genius of these energetic people, while the Southern States exhibit everything that is shown in- tho other States and many things that are not exhibited in those States. The mineral exhibits of North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Vir? ginia and Tennessee are equal to those of California, Arizona, Colorado, Dakota or New Mexico. The grain exhibits of South Carolina, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas and Kentucky areas complete and attractive as those of Minnesota, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa or Illinois. The timber exhibits of any of the Southern States are not surpassed by those of any of the great lumber States of the Union. The exhibits of MANUFACTURED PRO?UCTS in the Southern States' departments fur Dish conclusive proof that the Northern and Eastern States no longer enjoy a monopoly in that direction. The largest exhibits of agriculture machinery are made by Kentucky manufacturers, while Machinery Hall contains numerous evi? dences of the ingenuity of Southern me? chanics. So that in all the principal ! departments of the Exposition the South is competing successfully with any part of the Union. In the special exhibits I the South is far ahead. Louisiana sugar is as superior to the Minnesota product as is possible for one article to surpass another in excellence. Louisiana salt is {tactically without a rival. South Caro ina rice heads the list. Florida defeated California in the contest for premiums for citron fruits. North Carolina golden leaf tobacco is unequalled. Tennessee marble is the richest and most beautiful at the Exposition, with the possible ex? ception af the North Carolina flesh col? ored specimens, Alabama iron is as superior as it is abundant, and her iron deposits and coal fields are inexhaustible. Arkansas and South Carolina make the most varied and extensive display of fruits, apples, peaches, pears and grapes of any States in the Union. The Sea Island cotton of South Caro? lina is not even approximately approach? ed by the staple grown anywhere else in the world, while the phosphates of our State command the attention of the sci? entist, the man of commerce, and espe? cially the agriculturist. If the exhibits of all the other State3 were grouped to? gether they would then be considerably below the Southern States in the variety of their productions. These facts have, of course, impressed themselves upon all intelligent and observant visitors to the Exposition, and it is certainly reasonable to suppose will give a great impetus to the development of Southern resources. The commissioners from the South are enthusiastic over the prospect, and are unanimous in the opinion that their States will be immensely benefited by their exhibits in the near future. Coming down to particulars, it is hard to say what immediate good has been done, but I may mention some things of probable profit to South Carolina. Some few weeks since the Japanese commissioner called at the South Caro? lina department for information regard? ing the PHOSPHATE ROCK of the State. He said that he was a member of the Japanese bureau of indus? try and, under a commission from that bureau, bad been for two years in Lon? don investigating the manufacture and use of commercial manures. In his in? vestigation he had found allusions to the South Carolina phosphate deposits, but the information he had been able to obtain was very meagre. He examined the ;rock on exhibition in the State de? partment and the chemicals used in its manufacture. He found that fish scrap was oue of the ingredients used for am mon iating purposes, and be at once ex? pressed the opinion that as there are millions of tons of it in Japan it might be transported to South Carolina and exchanged for phosphate rock, and if such an arrangement could be made it would open a splendid market for the rock and develop an industry of consid? erable magnitude. He returned to his own exhibit and brought the commission two samples of the scrap alluded to. This was sent to Prof. Chazal, the chem? ist of the department of agriculture, who analyzed it and reported that its com? mercial value was about 25 per cent, higher than the scrap now used by the manufacturers of fertilizers. This was communicated to the Japanese commis? sioner and he expressed the belief that while this chemical test showed the superiority of the Japanese article that it could be laid down in Charleston at a much lower price than the manufacturers now pay. He subsequently informed me that he had communicated these facts to his Government, and hoped to have all the information necessary to enable bim to decide whether or not it is practicable to establish the business he desires. He says he will visit Charleston at the close of the Exposition, if not sooner, and in? vestigate the subject fully. Allusion to the mattet was made in an editorial in one of the local papers and met the eye of a German who wan visiting the Expo? sition. He was so interested in it that be called at the South Carolina department to examine the phosphate exhibit. He said be was interested in kainit deposit in Germany, and he saw no reason why a similar arrangement could not be made for the exchange of kainit for phosphate rock. He obtained such information as he desired and promised to call again, or correspond with the manufacturers and miners. A Mississippi planter who had never used commercial manures informed me that he would order thirty tons of South Carolina fertilizers this season and was induced to do bo by the exhibit. A gentleman who owns two large orange groves said that himself and many other owners of groves, who had heretofore used Northern fertilizers, would hereafter use nothing but the Carolina products. An owner of one of the largest sugar planta? tions near New Orleans said that he used about two hundred tons of fertilizers every season, and nearly all of it was manufactured in the North, but hereafter he thought he would buy largely of the South Carolina manufacturers. The Florida commissioner was presented with a quantity of the South Carolina fertil? izer, shipped to New Orleans for distri? bution, and it was used on his orange groves, and he reports that the results have been so satisfactory that he is sure many of the owners of groves in Florida will use it another year. Many farmers from the Western States who have never used commercial manures of any kind are anxious to make some experiments with them, and it is possible that some orders may be received from them, and if the introduction of these fertilizers is satisfactory it will be followed by a large business. The South Carolina fertilizer exhibit has given such a boom to this industry that manufacturers all over the Union will be benefited, but of course not to the same extent as our own com? panies . THE WOOD BXHIBIT has attracted almost as much attention as the phosphate display. Lumbermen from all sections of the country have visited the Exposition and have been ?leased with the exhibits from all the outhern States. In the South Carolina department there are about 140 speci? mens of native woods, all of merchanta? ble size, and they attract much attention. Inquiries relating to the timber resources of the Stale have been frequently made, and these investigations will no doubt result in a rapid development of the lumber industry at no distant day. The exhibit of manufactured goods and the maps of the water powers of the State have attracted attention to the advan? tages afforded by the State for factories of every description, and this should result in bringing capital here for invest? ment in Buch enterprises. The varied agricultural productions of the State illustrated by the exhibit have given a correct impression regarding our agricul? tural capabilities, and the interest that has been shown by visitors in this divis? ion convince me that it will be the means of inducing an INFLUX OF PROSPEROUS SMALL FAR? MERS from the Northwestern States and else? where to South Carolina. The display of ores and building stones will, I am satisfied, .cause the development of our resources in that direction. Our special exhibits, rice, naval stores and fish, have been of immense benefit to the State in showing the variety of our productions and our natural wealth, while the exhibit of birds and animals from the Charleston Museum has not been excelled in the quality of the specimens even by the splendid displays of the Smithsonian Institute, and have not been equalled by that of any State. South Carolina has never been more favorably before the people of the world than she is to day, and I do not exag? gerate the IMPORTANCE OF THE EXHIBIT when I say that the good impressions re-1 garding the resources of the State are in a large measure due to the stand we have taken at the Exposition. Some of the States could have remained away from New Orleans and not have been greatly injured by their absence, but South Car? olina has been so long and so persistently misrepresented that it was absolutely necessary for our State to disabuse the public mind of the impressions that have been created by these false statements. I do not hesitate to Bay that this has been accomplished, aud that hereafter we will stand before the country in our proper position. But great as the good may be that our State has derived in this way the greatest benefit has been in the knowledge of our resources that the ex? hibit has giveu our own people. Old South Carolinians who left the State years ago visit the department at New Orleans and are astonished at the variety, quantity and quality of the exhibit. Our own people are little less surprised, and they leave the Exposition with a higher regard for their homes than they ever entertained before. They examine the products of the other States, and then their own and they realize that South Carolina offers them every oppor? tunity for the acquirement of wealth or the delights of a home that any other section does, and they return to the State with the determination to develop her resources and to spend their lives upon her soil. If, therefore, we waive all the possible benefits to come to the State from outside, we have been amply repaid for all expenditures on the exhibit by the elevation of the State in the minds of her own citizens. In addition to this, the work done by our people in assisting the department in the collection of these specimens bas given them a better under? standing of the varied resources of the State, and this will result in a better sys? tem of agriculture and the development of new ideas, and this will, in itself, go a long way in the advancement of the ma? terial progress of the State. A Contrast. While the Array of the Potomac vet? erans assembled at Baltimore, the other day, fraternizing, with a fow paltry ex? ceptions, with numerous wearers of the grey uniform, the Sun took occasion to present some remarkable statistics drawn from official sources, which are worth recalling. The Northern States arrayed against the South 2,320,272 men, largely native Americans, but formerly of foreign birth, embracing 36 nationalities. The Confederate States never enrolled more than 600,000 men, from first to last, of whom only 400,000 were' at any one time in active service, and the total number in the field never exceeded 200,000. By "weight of meat," as Grant expressed it, the South was gradually wasted away, borne back and crushed. What could 200,000 men, however valiant, do against 2,320,272 men well armed and equipped? The salvation of military honor was all that could be hoped for against not only these odds on land, but a mastery of commerce and a preponderant navy, on the seas. Besides this the North had wisely developed, as far as permitted by sectional jealousy or obstruction, her vast internal industries, while the South had allowed her mines, mills and workshops to be of small consequence. The wonder is that the South held out as long as she did against such enormous disadvantages; and yet, if we are to credit Gen. Longstreet and some other critics,'the struggle might have ended differently had not two or three capital | blunders been committed, in the selection of leaders and maintenance of a suicidal policy. But it is over. What we have to do now is to make another sectional war impossible and to be so united in all the arts of peace and power as to make an attack from abroad an act of madness upon the part of any foreign foe.?Au- j gusta Chronicle. 1 WHAT MAN SHOULD EAT. The Human Anatomy Arranged for Ani? mal Food?Beef and Milk Good. "Stuff and nonsense," said an experi? enced Chicago physician, laying down an English illustrated treatise on vegetari? anism. "Why, the entire human anato? my would have to undergo a change," he continued, "to make a man, unless affec? ted very especially by disease or some idiosyncracy due to disarrangements, a herbivorous animal. The digestive ap? paratus of the vegetable feeders is far more complex an arrangement than that of carnivorous creatures or of human beings. The stomach of a cow, for instance, is arranged in four parts?four stomachs, in fact?through each of which the food must pass before return? ing to the mouth to be still further mas? ticated before it can be digested. Flesh eating animals have but a single stomach, like a hollow sack. One killed throe or four hours after it has eaten a full meal will be found to have an empty stomach, while in an ox or sheep killed the same length of time after eatiug the process of digestic l will b? found to have hardly .finished its first stage. It is apparent from this, if from no other evidence, that human stomachs, especially if weak or belonging to nervous persons, should be saved the labor of converting vegetable substances into a form fit for asaimulation so long as they can be spared the task by being supplied with animal food. "I am disposed to exclude vegetables, with the exception of cereals and a little fruit, entirely from the dietary of nervous persons. Why? First, because animal food is more nutritious to the nervous system and to the body generally than vegetable. It has all the essential ele? ments for the formation of the tissues of the body, and is easily digested. It seems possible for man to exist on it alone and in any climate, and continue iu a normal condition. The first food taken by humanity?milk?is strictly an animal substance. It contains all the elements necessary to the growth of the human body and to its maintenance in a state of health. This can not be said of any one article of vegetable food. Then the nervous system consists largely of fat, and this substance must be supplied in some form or other in order that the brain and other nerve structures shall be Eroperly nourished. If a person uses up is Drain fastet than be makes it be soon becomes irritable and nervous. And if he does not assimilate enough food to supply its demands his mind soon is sure to become weak. The healthiest and strongest individuals, even, should eat a far greater proportion of meat than of vegetable food. Beef should be taken as the standard meat. It answers every purpose of the system when not cooked too much. Veal and pork are not us easily digested. Pork, bo far as its com? position goes, is an excellent food for nervous persons, but it is not riadily digested. Yes, in the army we used to think nothing better for wounded men than bacon. But, as a rule, salt meat is bot adapted to the requirements of the nervous individual. The nutricious juices, to a great extent, go into the briue. "The flesh of young animals digests quicker thau that of mature ones. This is true, also, of the flesh of wild birds, . which is more tender thau that of do? mesticated ones. This is accounted for by the greater amount of exercise they take, thereby renewing their flesh more rapidly, and makiug it younger than that of birds which live a more quiet life. This is a hint that might be of benefit to ladies of sedentary habits who are desirous of prolonging an appearance of youth. Fish of all kinds is good food for nervous people. Raw eggs, contrary to the general opinion, are not so digesti? ble as those which have been -cooked. They Bhould be boiled just enough to harden the white. Some persons digest hard-boiled eggs better than those cooked rare. Neither fried eggs nor anything else fried should be eaten by nervous people." "Do not most persons injure their digestion by eating too much ?" "No; the great raaiority, especially in this country of abundant food, don't eat I enough. I am quite, sure of it. There are more people killed by not getting sufficient to eat than by overloading tbeir stomachs. Many of those who do eat a sufficient quantity are prevented by some disease from digesting enough for the economy of their systems. The very first thing for any one who has exhausted himself by mental work, or one who has been born weak and irritable, is to fur? nish his brain with sufficient food to either repair the damage it has sustained or to build it up into a strong, healthy condition. "Such persons usually suffer from nervous dyspepsia. Their stomachs are inadequate to the task of digesting the food put into them. Owing to the defi? cient nerve-power of the individual it lies there unacted upon by the gastric juice, because there is either none or an insufficient quantity to have any power. The food, instead of helping to renew the body and the nervous system with the rest, undergoes fermentatation, and the body it should nourish starves. The person is in a worse state than if the ibod had not been eaten, for the fermen? tation develops acids and gases. "Nervous people may get all the fat they need out of sugar and Btarch, but it is better for those wnose digestive organs arc very weak or whose nerves are in a highly sensitive condition to get it from the animal kingdom than to compel their enfeebled stomachs, intestines and pan? creas to create it out of starch and sugar. Good bread with plenty of sweet butter is an excellent food for the nerves. "People troubled with insomnia, ner? vous starting from sleep, and sensations of falling, cau often be cured by limiting themselves to a diet of milk alone for a time. I mean milk and nothing else. An adult requires about three pints or two quarts daily, taking a pint for a meal. "People with weak nerves require usually a larger quantity of water than those whose brains and nerves are strong. It aids in the digestion of food by mak? ing it soluble, and seems to have a direct tonic effect. A quart or two of water not iced?may be drank in twenty-four hours in cold weather and iu Summer twice as much. Hot water should never be taken in the stomach, for nothing is more relaxing to it. "With proper eating and drinking we should have fewer broken-down, nervous wrecks and far more vigorous intellects. The present human species cannot elimi? nate flesh from its food and amount to a row of pins. The notion that nothing but vegetables Bhould be eaten is one that is apt to overtake persons somewhere in life, but it usually passes away, and is due, as I said before, to some disorgani? zation. The fancy is more apt to assail the young thau the middle-aged, and females more frequently than males. A nervous, sickly girl of twenty-one was put under my care about eight months ago. I found out that she had imbibed that notion, and had practised it for about a year. I limited her diet to so much per meal and a small quantity of bread and fruit, with a pint of milk. You wouldn't know she was the samo girl if you had seen her then and saw her now. All of that absurdityihas left her with her growth of strength and nerve power. No, meat is the food of humanity, and man must stick to it." Only Seventeen Years. Washington, May 8?The fiscal year will close with the total number of Na? tional Banks reaching to 3,000. The exact figures are not yet made up, but tbe total will not be much above and not below that figure. The steady growth of this system is something remarkable. Even now, with dissolution staring it in the face, it continues to grow. For, un: less the ingenuity of the national finan? ces shall enable them to invent a new system, it is easy to see that the days of the national banking system are number? ed. There are but little over a billion of dollars of national bonds now outstand? ing. We have been reducing the debt this year at the rate of $60,000,000 a year, so that at this rate it will take only seven? teen years to call in every bond outstand? ing. In some former years the reduction of the debt has been much more rapid, but supposing that it may run on at this rate it will be but seventeen years before the last vestige of foundation for the system will be called in. Of course the holders of the bonds need not tender them when they are called for if they choose to keep them, but they will lose the interest from the date of tbe call. So of course they will have to give them up and give up their banks, unless some other means is found for continuing their existence. The banks now bold about one-third of tbe bonds outstanding, securing their circulation by this means. So that there remains but about six or seven hundred million dollars of the bonds that can be taken up before the foundation of the banks must go. This will be absorbed in ten years at the pres? ent rate of paying off the national debt. Even now, at every bond call some of the bonds held by banks are being called for, but at present the banks may replace those called with others bought on the markets. But by and by the number left over will be so Bmall there will be noth? ing to be bought to take the places of those called. Yet with a possible life of but a little over a decade, the number of banks goes steadily on increasing until it reaches 3,000, with a capital of between five and six hundred millions. The number of banks organized this year will not be quite so large as last year. Those of last year outnumbered those of any preceding year. The growth in amount of capital in the past two or three years is not so noticeable as in some other years, for the privilege given them some two or three years ago of organiza? tion with a capital as low as $50,000 has lessened the aggregate capital put into the new banks. Probably three-fourths of the new banks organized now have capital not exceeding ?50,000. > New York and Pennsylvania are the great States for national banks, as they are for cigarmakers and political bosses. New York has about 300 of them, and Pennsylvania something like 250. Of all the cities of the country, however, Pittsburg removes the dilapidated linen from the shrubbery as a location for national banks. There are twenty-five of them, or half as many for this city of one hundred and seventy-five thousand as for New York city, with its million and a half of people. There are only three cities in the country whose banks reach as large a number as those of Pittsburg, and yet there are eleven with larger population.?Cincinnati Times Star. A Clo.se Shave. Augusta, Qa., May 12.?William S. Roberts, President of the defunct Bank of Augusta, for whom a requisition was made by Governor Hill, of New York, which is now pending in the Court, cut bis throat with a razor from ear to ear this morning. While the wounds are gaping and ugly, the physicians say they will not be fatal. Tbe jugular vein and carotid arteries are not severed. His recent complications have so affected his miud as to render him partially insane. The grand jury found true bills against him for perjury and embezzlement as President of the Bank of Augusta. He wns required to furnish a bond for his appearance in the sum of $16,000. These true bills, with the other trouble, led to the rash act. It is also reported that the grand jury has found a true bill against E. H. Wal? ton, Cashier of the Bank of Augusta, for perjury. Bail is required in Walton's case in the sum of $12,000. Augusta, May 12?Night.?Mr. Rob? erts, who attempted suicide to-day, is resting quietly. The doctors say there is no danger of death except from second? ary hemorrhage. Before cutting his throat Roberts attempted to shoot him? self, but was prevented by his friends. His son took his pistol and left him lying in his room over his office. A few miu utes later, hearing him walking back and forth up and down the stairs, his son went to the room and found his father with a razor in his hand and blood streaming from a wound in his neck. The son called for assistance, but before it arrived Roberts had made two gashes in bis throat. Sheriff Daniel notified Roberts last uight of the indictments found against him by tho grand jury and directed him to come into this city and make his bond. The Sheriff went to his office this morn? ing and found him in the hands of the surgeons. There is no question that Roberts was demented by the many troubles that have crowded upon him. It is stated that he said recently that he could not stand his trials auy longer, and that in order to end his miseries he would take his life. Roberta's attempted suicide has created a sensation, and great sympathy is felt for him in the community. For many years he was one of the leading cotton merchants here and is highly connected socially. Not Going to be a Dude. A young lady, a Sunday school teacher in a church near the corner of Gilmore street and Lafayette avenue, was, on Sunday, defining faith to her class of young Americans, aged from G to 10 years. She set about her task in a prac? tical way. "Faith in anything," she said, "is to believe that something exist? ed which could not be seen. "Suppose," she said, "your papa should tell you he had put ten dollars in the bank for you, and that you might draw it from the bank when you grew older. You did not see the money put in, but you know it is there because you believe what your papa tells you, aud when you grow up and want the money, you dress yourself, j with your gloves on, and your high hat, ! and your cane, and you-" At this juncture the teacher nas start led by one of the boys, who cried out: 1 "What are yon giving us? Do you 1 think I'm a dude?" The young lady says she felt prostra? ted, ana that it will be sometime before she stirs up tbe question of faith again. ?Baltimore American. NEGROES AS SOLDIERS. A Letter of Gen. Loo Advising Tbclr Use in the Confederate! Army. Washington, May 11.?In a speech delivered in the Confederate House of Representatives, in February, 1865, by Mr. E. Barksdale, of Mississippi, on the bill to authorize the employment of negro troops by voluntary enlistment, he [ quoted a letter of Gen. Lee, which, it is said, has not been generally published. Mr. Barksdale, who is a member-elect of the 49th Congress, furnished a copy of the letter from his musty files. It is as follows: Hdqbs. Confed'te States Armies, 1 February 18,1865. j I E. Barksdale, House of Representa? tives, Richmond: Sir?I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 12th inst., with reference to the employment of negroes as soldiers. I think the measure not only expedient but necessary. The enemy will certainly use them against us if be can get possess? ion of them, and as his present numeri cal superiority will enable him to pene? trate many parts of the country, I cannot see the wisdom of the policy of holding them to await his arrival, when we may, by timely action and judicious manage? ment, use them to arrest his progress. I do not think that our white population can supply the necessities of a long war without overtaxing its capacity and imposing great suffering upon our people; and I believe we should provide resour? ces for a protracted struggle, not merely for a battle or a campaign. In answer to your second question I can only say that in my opinion the negro under proper circumstances will make an efficient soldier. I think we could do as well with them as the enemy, and he attaches great importance to their assistance. Under good officers and good instructions I do not see why they should not become soldiers. They possess all the physical qualifications, and their habits of obedience constitute a good foundation for discipline. They furnish a more promising material than many armies of which we read in history, which owed their efficiency to discipline alone. I think those who are employed should be freed. It would be neither just or wise, in my opinion, to require them to serve as slaves. The best course to pursue, it seems to me, would be to call for such as are willing to come with the consent of their owners. An im-j press men t or draft would not be likely to bring out the best class, and the use of correction would make the mesaure dis? tasteful to tbem and to their owners. I have no doubt that if Congress would authorize their reception into service and empower the President to call upon j individuals or States for such as they are willing to contribute, with the condition of emancipation to all enrolled, a suffi? cient number would be forthcoming to enable us to try the experiment. If it prove successful most of the objections to the measure woul'd disappear, and if individuals still remained unwilling to send their negroes to the army, the force I of public opinion in the States would soon bring about such legislation as would remove all obstacles. I think the matter should be left as far as possible to the people and to the States, which alone can legislate as the necessities of this particular service may require. As to the mode of organizing them, it should be left as free from restraint as possible. Experience will suggest the best course, and it would be inexpedient to trammel the subject with provisions that might in the end prevent the adoption of reforms suggested by actuaKrial. With great respect, your obedient servant, R. E. Lee, General. The Thovnwell Orphanage. There is perhap3 no "country" Institu I tion in South Carolina, so well known as this, and yet it is just about to celebrate the first decade of its existence. It was I begun on the small capital of fifty cents; the gift of an orphan boy, but from that original fifty-cent piece it bos grown until its buildings are now the most prominent mark in the landscape of the village of Clinton, South Carolina, where the In? stitution is located. In these ten years many orphans have enjoyed its fostering care, and a family of fifty is now shel? tered beneath its roof. An ample farm of 125 acres furnishes all the firewood, pasturage, vegetables, and a part of the support. A large stone dwelling?the first house erected? contains the girls, and "Faith Cottage" a neat concrete building is the home of the boys. The school is domiciled in a handsome house recently erected at a cost of $5,000. There is also a solidly built house for the culinary and laundry work. Near by, a new cottage for an? other family of orphan boys is in pro? cess of erection. The maintenance of this work exclu? sive of the buildings requires an annual outlay of about 93,500, and the mystery is as to where it comes from. As^ only poor children are received, there is no income from tuition or board. The large majority of the orphans are of too tender an age to be able to do much towards their own support. The older ones can do little more than to do all the cooking, washing, ironing, sewing, &a, for the establishment. This they do, and they do it with great regularity and cheerful? ness. The President of the Institution tells us that "the Lord provides" for tbem, but the Lord uses means to do his work, and the means that the Lord uses in this case to do this work are the gifts of the charitable, throughout the bounds of our country. A good idea?for each reader of these lines to sit down quickly and to forward a donation for the orphans to Wra. B. Bell, Esq., Clinton, S. C. Let it be either provisions or money. A Woman Thrashes n Sheriff. Fayette City, Penn., May 11.?A widow named Lynn, of Washington Township, Fayette County, having failed to keep up the payment of installments on an organ which she wa3 buyiug, Sheriff Stirling to-day proceeded to put up a notice on her house that he would sell the orgau on a certain day to meet the debt. He was interrupted by the widow, who ran out of the bouse armed with a horsewhip and severely cowhided him. The Sheriff shouted for help, ap? pealed for mercy, and uttered epithets which would have been quiteout of place at a prayer meeting. This was not enough though, for young Master Lynn, seeing the Sheriff helpless and submis? sive, rushed in and proved himself a valuable ally to his mother by pommel? ing him with all the energy of an embryo pugilist. At last the widow and her son stopped to take breath and the Sheriff took a run. He did not stop till he was out of sight of tbo muscular widow's and in the suburbs of Fayette City. ? The girls at Vassar College iave sent President Cleveland a huge sponge cake of their own construction, and he doesn't know whether to cut it into strips and use it for blotting paper, or use it for a brush in washing windows. Short Talks with the Boys. "I am a farmer's son and am not satis fied with my surroundings." This paragraph or a portion of it is certain to be found in four of every five letters received from the country, and it is a matter which should be investigated. Our statesmen and journalists and phil? anthropists are continually praising agri? culture as a vocation, aud the idea that the farmer is independent and happy prevails in every story of rural life. What has dissatisfied farmers' sons? Why is it that so many of them want to leave the farm for any work which will bring them a good living? In most cases the trouble will be found with the farmer instead of his son. It is a curious position in which an old-fashioned farmer and his son are placed. The old man is content with some improvements on the ideas of fifty years ago. He can't see why any one should want anything better than bare floors, Windsor chairs and cowhide boots. He would as soon go to meeting without a collar as with one. He "rather likes" the music of an organ, but if he buys an organ he won't feel like building that addition to the barn. He can't really see how any one can sit down and get inter? ested in books, and why Henry and William should want "real cloth" collars and cuffs is a deep conundrum. When 8 o'clock comes he gets ready for bed, and he can't see how the boys and girls can "abear" company who keep them up until 10. The farm is conduct? ed after the fashion of a quarter of the lost century. The house may be painted once in five years, but the chances are that it is allowed to go ten. The barns have needed repairs for years past, but it's cheaper to lose a ton of hay by the leaks than to buy new shingles. The fences are rottiDg down, but next Winter will be a good time to split rails. There are half a dozen panes of glass needed about the house, but if the broken lights were renewed they might be smashed again. The democrat wagon has been "about worn out" for the last five years, and that's tbe excuse for not having it painted. The harness will hardly hold together, but they must last for another year. The boy3 are held to "serve their time," like so many slaves or convicts, and the amount of cash finding its way into their pockets yearly would not keep a boot black in stock to do business. Is the picture overdrawn ? I can add twenty per cent, to the strength of each assertion and then not exceed the truth. And now what's the matter with farm? er's boys ? They live in a new world? the father in an old one. No matter how little schooling they have had, they are better educated than he is. No matter if tbe father refuses to do more than sub? scribe to a weekly newspaper, his boys are fairly posted on the daily happen? ings all over tbe world. He wants to farm after old ideas?they after new ones. He got along without knowing whether England was east or west of the United States?without grammar, orthog? raphy or being able to more than write his name?without collars or cuffs or neckties?without books or papers or amusements, and he is quite certain that the boys can do the same. The number of farmers' sons who are leaving home, either with a half-hearted consent, or running away, is greater than you dream of. They flock to the towns and cities to learn trades; to accept of menial positions; to take any work which will pay their way and prevent the neces? sity of returning to farm work. The farmer who realizes this must ask himself where the blame lies, and then seek a remedy. Is there a remedy ? Let us see. In the first place, farmer's sons are overworked. There is no doubt that the farmer is, too, but that doesn't alter the case. When you rout a boy of 14,16 or 18 out of bed at 4:30 or 5 o'clock in the morning, aud work him till 7 or half past, you are making a white slave of him. You not only peril his health, but you deform his body. Thai's tbe cause of so many sons of farmers being lop shouldered, bow-backed or otherwise deformed, and the origin can be traced to overexertion "while growing. There isn't a farm in this country on which the hours of labor couldn't be shortened to ten hours without causing a loss of $25 per year. If ten hours is enough for a ditch-digger it is all that a farmer's son should be called upon to endure. If there are two hours between 6 o'clock and darkness on a Summer's evening the boy can take up a book or paper, or put it to good use in some other way*. As it is now, he knows he is ex? pected to slave from day light till dark, and when night comes he is weary in body and aggravated in spirit. And the remedy is not altogether in shortening the hours of work. The1 boys must have things to interest and amuse them. They want books, magazines and newspapers. If there's a chance to fix up a bowling alley let the boys go ahead and make one. The game of bowls is a healthy exercise, and furnishes plenty of sport. If one of the boys has a taste for music help him on with it. Let him have a fiddle, accordeon, organ, or what? ever instrument he feels he can bring music out of. But boys and girls should be encouraged to sing. To this end they should be encouraged to get up singing classes, which might meet around from house to house. A young people's social club to meet in the same manner would prove 7ery interesting. The farm can befaade pleasanter than tbe work-shop?the farm-house as full of comfort and happiness as any home in the city. When this take's place the farmer's son will not be the young man he is. He will be jovial, content, and enthusiastic. He will be able to appear well in any society, to converse with any on the topics of the day, and he will have some future outside of the day in and day out toil v^hich is crooking his back and thickening up his brains.? M. Quad in Detroit Free Press. "Sign My Name to That." .Spurgeon says: "Make the bridge from the cradle to manhood as long as yoii can. Have your child a child just as long as you can, especially if you live in a city. Be not in haste to force your child into premature development by intelligence ?r anything else. Let it be a child, and not a little ape of a man running about the town." And Mr. Spurgeon is right. The ten? dency to force children into premature development is radically wrong. It pre? vents them from ever becoming true men and women in the high sense of that word, and makes them only "apes" or men and women. To see a great big manly boy is indeed pleasant, but to see a mannish litile boy is just the reverse. When the two reach the age of maturity the one will then be a manly man, while the other will only be mannish still, for the reason that the "bridge from the cradle to manhood'Mn his case was made too short. The fault does not lie with the boy but with his parents, who have either tried to "force"' him into premature manhood or have let him run up to seed by reason of their neglect.