Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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BY E. B. MURRAY & CO. ANDERSON, S. C., THURSDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBTSR 4, 1884. VOLUME XX.-NO. 8. n IT n njniro u in mire TIT a n lb? ?nami. twf..~ *- u- . i THE STATE CAMPAIGN. ItluglDjr Address of the Stet;- Executive Committee to the Democracy. HBAUQ?A11TEK8 STATE DEMOCRATIC COMMITTEE, COLUMBIA, S. C., Sept. 1, 1884. FELLOW-CITIZENS : A struggle of fur reaching and wide spread importance ?.? now in progresa. Ry its result the collective morality of the American people will be measured, and their fitness to govern themselves with wisdom b? judged. To refuse to condemn crime is to condono it. To choose as President a candidate who was betrayed a public trust is to invito and encourage official infidel ity. In a government of and for the people, venality in him who is elected Chief Magistrate is moro portentous of jil than tho shadow of tho sword. The wounds inflicted on liberty by the hand ?of military power may, in course of time, be healed ; but national blood-poisoning, by corruption in high places, is necessari ly incurable. This political campaign, therefore, concerns you, not only as South Carolinians, not only as Dem?crata, but as Americans, who ?now neither North nor South when the honor aud welfare of the Union aro imperilled. As you value rectitude and constancy ia the servants of the people ; as you prize the general welfare, and aro resolved to secure to Iposterity your heritage of freedom ; so must you, in the coming election, zea! oualy and unflinchingly do your whole duty. In name, the present political contest is between two great parties, the Demo cratic and tho Republican. In ono of these parties, however, the political line is broken. Among the most ardent advocates of tho election of Cleveland and Hendricks, tho Democratic candi dates for President and Vice-President, are Republican citizens of unsullied reputation and high position, who have hitherto voled the Republican ticket. Their reasons for severing old and cher ished political associations are best given in their own words. They refuse to go with the Republican party, in this elec tion, because that party oilers them, in the person of James G. Blaine, "a can didate who is au unfit leader, Bbown by his own words and his acknowledged acta, which are of official record, to be unwor thy of respect and confidence ; who baa traded upon bis official trust for his pecuniary gain ; a representative of men, methods and conduct which the public conscience condemns, and which illustrate the very evils that honest men would reform. The Independent Republicans, in the address adopted at the New York Conference, Bay further: "While the Republicans present a candidate whom we cannot support, the Democratic party presents one whoso name is the synonym of political courage aud honesty and administrative reform. He hus discharg ed every official trust with sole regard tc the public welfare, and with just disre gard of mere partisan and personal ad vantages, which, with the applause and confidence of both parties, has raised him from the chief executive administra tion of a great city to that of a great State. His high sense of public duty, bis absolute and unchallenged official integrity, his inflexible courage in resist ing party pressure and public outcry, hie great experience in the details of admin istration, and bis commanding executive ability and independence are precisely the qualities which the political situation demands in the chief executive officer ol the Qovernment, to resist corporate mo nopoly on the one hand and demagogic communism on the other, and at home and abroad, without menace or fear, tc protect every right of American citizens I and to respect every right of friendly I States by making political morality anc I private honesty the basis of Constitution R al administration." In these utterance! of earnest and patriotic men, the Demo crate of this State and of the Union fine an exact definition of the paramount issue in the present canvass. Again and again, tbe Democracy bav< presented to the country candidates v. In joined marked ability to cleanness o personal character and experience ii public life. No "tattooed man" hos eve: received the nomination of the Nationa Council of the Democratic party. Tin personal qualifications of the Democrat!) nominees now command the genera recognition they always deserved. Then is good reason for it. The Independen Republicans remind UH tbat the countrj hos seen, with surprise and shame, i Republican vice-President driven ii disgrace into private life ; a Repub!:-"ai Secretary of War participating in felo ny ; a Republican Secretary of the Nav; growing neb, while our fleets, for whicl millions of money were appropriated became the laughing stock of nations a Republican attorney-General accusei of sharing iu petty frauds. The las Republican Speaker of the House o Representatives was convicted of nepot ism and mendacity. Nefarious associa tiona for obtaining corporate contract bestowed their "gratifications" and "tc irons of thankfulness" upon the Repub Heans who was elected President fou years ogo. Fresh, too, in public memor is the story of the star route frauds, c the doings of the whisky ring, of th land granta to grasping corporations, nn tho land grabs by alien absentees. Tb people, this year, were ripe for politics revolt, but the managers of tho Republi can machine scoffed at criticism an (hooted at warning. Rendered rec Ide; by a long leaso of misused power, dc bauched by ill-gotten gains, the machine made delegates in the Rep?blica Convention chose as their party's candi date for President a man who attracts t him, as with a magnet, each official rogu and hungry ku&ve; and who draws t him, as'like unto like, every politice speculator ? who craves the means c speculation in the future, or who need immunity for misconduct in the pas: So it ia that, in the son of tbe leadin candidates, Cleveland and Blaine, goo and evil will struggle for the mastery i November. IThe success of the Democracy is desi ed by legions of citizens who hav heretofore looked upon the Democrat: Party with dislike, if not with distrus Former differences are forgotten, no that the country must choose betwee the high-minded champion of admini i rat i vc reform and the self-regard ic representative of what is most debasing i American public life. In the days ^ the Revolutionary war, the embattle freemen of tho United Colonies were oi 'bought, one In purpose, one In actio Whatever their former associations < prejudices; whether they dwelt on tl silvery Hudson or the tawny Jamel ? whether they tramped through tho pint B of the Carolinas or shivered and starve *>n the elopes of Valley Forge, their on thought was to dare all thing?, to endu: ?ll thinga, to do all things, in order I *in the right of self-rule and accomplit national independence. This year, als ?he American people fight for freedo and deliverance-freedom from the t; raony of wrong, and deliverance fro .he despotism of corruption. In unio victo*1* UnIon?,s P0,it,caI ?trenf?lh Rr I- Pelfow-cltiaens : You would, as loy democrats, uko an active part in tl Present -campaign, oven if yon wei absolutely sure that, whatever the event ?n November, you would retain a frugal, just and capable government in your own btato. But you have not that certainty. Upon the election of Blaine, the politi cal cauldron would again bubble in thia ?'ate, and in every State similar circum stanced. The defeat of Cleveland will palsy the arms of those Republicans who nave hitherto striven to check the feroci ty and curb the rapacity of the political freebooters who have chosen Mr. Blaine as their chief. Thoughtful and high minded Republicans, in every 8tate. now pledged their votes to Cleveland, because he is tho embodiment of the idea and fact of governmental purity and efficien cy. Failure in November will deprive them of political inflnence for mauy years to come. The Federal offices, big and little, are counted by tens of thou sands ; but there is not scope and room enough for the profitable employment of the gentry who, as they "will not be dead heads in the enterprise" and "see various channels in which they can bo useful,1'will clamor for participation in Te P'ofits. They will demand, in case of Blames election, the opportunity for more stealing, more rapine and robbery, in tho South. The pretext for a new crusade is outlined in tho Republican report on the Copiah affair, and ia hinted at in the letters of Mr. Blame and General Logan accepting thc nomination for President and Yico-Preaident. Tho Democratic party, the white people ol the State and their colored allies, have conducted the government ol' South Carolina, for seven years. In every department of the State Government, in every walk of life, aro the marks and symbols of intelligent and upright rule. Tho chief executive officer of the State has guarded vigilantly the rights of tho people, taking care that the laws are faithfully executed, in mercy. The judges on the bench, in their ability, conscientiousness, and their high concep tion of their duties, are worthy of the day when the decisions of South'Carolina Judges were respected throughout the lani The public expenditures have been diminished ; the interest on the public debt is regularly and promptly met. The Behool debts, contracted by the Republicans and left unpaid, have been lifted from the shoulders of the educational system ; the number of pupils in the public schools grows rapid ly ; the length of the school session is extended; the pay of teachers is increas ed. On nil Bides there aro evidences of that steady and healthy growth which was impossible during the agonizing years of Radical dominion. So vast bas been the improvement iu the condition of the State that it ix estimated that the whole income of thu people of South Carolina in 1883 was considerably greater than their whole income from every source in 1860. Of all this-of the tranquility, the security, the comfort, the self respect, tho progr?s*, the pride in your State and in yourselves which Democratic rule gives and t-ecures -tho defeat of Cleveland and the triumph of Blaine will threaten to deprive you. Naturally, your first thought is of* the State Government. You control that government in all its departments. In its effect upon your fortunes, in what it assures and what it promises, the value of that control is incalculable. With the election of Blaine the old difficulties will return. The defeut ci the Demo cratic candidates for President and vice President in November will weaken that control. Nay ! you may lose it altogeth er. Fellow-citizens: Lack of success in a campaign so auspiciously begun, and under circumstances so extraordinarily favorable, will inevitably loosen the tie's which bind the Democratic party togeth er. Yet another catastrophe at the polls will render it difficult in tho extreme to maintain the Democratic organization in its present breadth and vigor. Faint hearted Democrats will bo tempted to abandon the losing side and seek new alliances. Opposition to the Democratic party in this State will, indeed, be alarming, when a strong body of while Democrats, seeking political indepen dence, shall give cohesion and energy to the colored masses. From such an alliance naught but evil can come. Then your choice would lie between submission and revolution. Even if you can, two years hence nud two years afterward, elect such a Democratic government as that which the State now possesses, you will still, in the event of defeat in the national arena, be coo fronted with tr?ala and dangers from which you now are free. It is evident that there cannot be any thorough harmony between the races, any general co operation for the advantage of the State, any absoluto assurance of the permanence of Honest Home Rule while a horde of office holders, scattered through South Carolina, use the power and authority of tho United States as a cloak and a shield in their plotting against the tranquility and welfare of this Commonwealth. They distort facts ; they circulate falsehoods ; they warp the public service to partisan ends. Such conduct is mischievous enough in States where the votera, as a cias?, are thoughtful and intelligent. It is criminal in a State where the majority of the voters are ignorant, credulous and suspicious. The freedman is only too ready to yield blind obedience to the Eartisan behests of Federal officials. To is untutored mind they represent the United States on the hustings io the same aense that they represent-the Gov ernment in any department of the public service. And the professional banditti who pervert to the u?es of a political party the agencies which were created for the general good, run no riek of immediate punishment or loss. Upheld aud rewarded, in any event, by the party in power at Washington, defeat in thia State does not dismay them. The custom houses, the postoffices, the bureau ol internal revenue, the court rooms of the United States Commissioners are their entrenchments, their hospitals, their camps of refuge. They sally forth like the freebootera of old when there is any hopo of plunder. When they meet with sturdy resistance they retire in haste to their strongholds. There they repsii damages at the public expense. There they plaster their wounds with govern ment notes paid out to them for suppo aitioua services. There they live and thrive, growing aleek and fat whoevei else ms/suffer* Tbs flag of the United 8tstcs, waving over them, renders the den of thieves as inviolable as the Temple of Liberty itself. These knaves, the? raiders, these robbers must be banished from the public places which they defile and desecrate. Put in the Federal offlcei zealous, pure and industrious men, woe will show their respect for the governmem by making it respectable, sod the pollti cal rrformation and industrial restoratloi of South Carolina will be complete. Tm cloud which now veils tho ever shinin{ sun of progress and content will tn dispelled, and the United States Govern ment, ss known and judged by Its officer and immediate representatives, wtl become a trusted agent and friend, loos* upon by all good cltltena with pride am astiafaction, because worthy, in evert part, of the Republic and ila people. ! Fellow OiUxena: You have everj ? incentive to labor nnremittin|iy until th. Solls shall be closed on the 4th day of lovembcr. You will do this, if you value good government at home, and desire that it shall be made perpetual. You will do this, if you desire the continuance arni growth of good will between tho diverse elementa of our population, BO that the great political and industtial problem of the century shall be safely and peacefully solved. You will do thia, if you desire that the United States Government shall be as irreproachable ns the government of the State. You will do this, if you wish that tho American citizen shall be respected everywhere and his rights be jealously protected. You will do tim, if, in the momentous struggle now in progress, you desire that good shall triumph over evil, right over wrong, purity over impurity, fidelity in public life over blistering rascality in public office. For your own sake, for the well-being of your families ; for the conversation of your property ; for thc sake of those who atc to come after you and to whom you desire to transmit unimpaired the benefits of the republican institutions which your fathers founded; for ail that you possess and nil tba tyou require, we most earnestly exhort you to spare no pains nud fail in no effort to give a sweeping majority for Clevelaud and Hendricks at the polls in South Carolina in November. Let your cour age bo equal to your hopes, and you cannot, will not fail. JAMES F. IZLAR, Chairman. WILIE JONES, Secretary. Thc Southern Farmer. One often henrs a remark made to the effect that any fool can be a farmer, or that educatiou is wasted on one who only tills the soil for a living. These remarks were nearer tho truth, perhaps, years ago, when the country was new. 1 he virgin soil would yield abundant crops always without caro on the part of the husband man, nud insect enemies, blight, rust, &c, ! were nearly unknown. But now such sayings nre far from true, and we are 1 beginning to realize that "J; now ledge is j power" on the farm just as surely as any where else iu the world. Forty years ago j our tools were of the simplest and rudest ' kinds, and not much intelligence was required to use them. To-day smite of the finest machinery made is on the farm, ?uni the farmer needs skill and brains to ? use these improved tools to the best advantage, rather than muscle to do the ' heavy work. The day hes passed when muscle rules the world. The battle-axe and spear were muscle ; the rifle and the cannon are brains. The stage-coach aud the courier were muscle ; the railway train and the telegraph are brains. On the ! farm, the scythe was muscle; the mowing machine is brains. The grain cradle and sickle were muscle; the self-binder is brainB. The Mason cotton-picker prom- ? ises to be to the cotton fields what the self binder is to the grain field. The' farmer of the future will need to be, to a large extent, an engineer and director of labor, and a student, instead of a simple ! laborer, as the farmer of the past was. The sooner we accept this and govern ' and educate ourselves and our children accordingly, tue more profitable will our tanning be. If "any fool eau be u j farmer" and make a living out of it, what are the possibilities of farming ' under skilful und intelligent manage ment ? Even in the most, simple opera tions of the furin, education will be of use to us every day, not only in enabling us to direc?. our work to the beat advan tage, but in giving us the ability to keep 1 account of everything, und know whether ' a certain practice or crop paya us cr not.! "A hired man once said to me," says a writer in The Country Gentleman, "'you 1 are the best hand at guessing I ever Baw.' I had told him there would be over six loads of bay to get up, but not quite seven. Ile made the remark when we ; were going to the barn with the seventh load not quite full. Now, there wan no guess work about it. I knew the width of the strip cut, from the number of swaths, each one of which was six feet. ! I knew how wide the rake was, and how i many rakefuls we could put on a load. ' So, after raking once down through the j piece, a little mental arithmetic told how j many loads lhere would be. One can tell bow much a man ought to plow, cul- j ti vate ot harrow iu a day. I remember once that 1 went away, to be gone all day, ' leaving a new hand to harrow a piece of i land for wheat. At night I found he bad got over aix acres with a harrow aix feet wide. He inaisted that he had done all he could. But after he had seen the figures on a board, aud fourni that hr bad traveled less than one mile an hoi'i, be was quite ashamed, und paid : 'it's uo use trying to fool you on a day's work,' and be never tried it again." Suppose you are a dairyman, and raise wheat and potatoes to sell also. You waut ten tons of corn meal to feed your cows in the winter, and so you plant corn. Now a careful account kept for a term of years may show you that while you aro mr.kiog money from your wheat and potatoes you are losing on your corn. Or on account of having a home market for the corn, and no good market for the potatoes, and not time enough to properly j care for them, the corn may pay best. Knowing the facta you can raise what will pay you best. The doy bas passed when it is necessary for a farmer to raise everything he wants for bis own use. One might go on showing where educa tion would be of advantage to you every day of your life, and in every lot of your farm. Farming, or agriculture, is an art, based on a number of sciences, and the more we know of these sciences, or the ones pertaining to our line of farming, the better we can run the farm. Not long since, when coming out of a hall with a company of farmers who had been listening to a scientific lecture by a noted college president, one of tbem asked another: "Well, what did you think of that?" "Ob, I supposait was good euoogb," he replied, "but it wouldn't feed tbe pigs or milk the cows." He was one of tbe kind of men who sneer st book-farmers, and think "any fool can be a farmer." But happily, we have some farmers wbo are not content merely with being able to carry swill to pigs and strip the cows. The writer sbove quoted was surprised lest winter to see so many old men and women, seventy or seventy five years old, (io one case be saw three Grsons seventy-five years old io one id,) get ont to farmers' institutes snd pay close attention to the lectures, even wben they were quite scientific This is well, but let tbe older ones not forget to educate the children. You may leave them a good farm, but tboy may be swin dled out of it. Leave them an education, and no man can steal it, and if they wsnt a farm they can soon earn it. - When a man boards a wrong train of thought he is liable to ruo off tbe track. - Whoever is honest, g?nerons, cour teous and candid, is a gent loman, whether he be learned or unlearned, rich or poor. - Not long since, at West Point, Tenn., while workmen were boring no artesian well, their auger strack a poplar tree in Rood ?Mato of preservation at n depth of ?ver 850 feet? IN FOREIGN LANKS. Qjrrt*i>und?i\ce of the Intelligencer, "See Naples and die," is an old Italian saying but the modern vetsion, "See Naples before you die," is far more ac ceptable to the ordioary traveler. Leaviug Home by rail we pasd through the walls on the Southeast side of the city, near the Porta Maggiore and for miles na we cross tho campagna or vast plain which surrounds the city, the road runs near ibo ruined arches of two of the most famous of the ancient aquaducts. The country through which we pass is much more fertile than that North of. Rome and the vegetation as wo go South ward appears ul most tropical in its luxu- ' rience. Many wretched little villages of the present day bear uames well known to history, while other importaut towns 1 have entirely disappeared. Capua, 135 miles South of Home, once a city of 800, 000 iuhabilauts, where the victorious Htiuuibal found iu tho luxury of an Italian city a moro dangerous foe thau tho Roman legions, and where tho , insurrection of the gladiators under Spar tacus iinji broke out. is now a place of but little importance. Nearly 80 miles farther South we reach Naples, matchless for location, unrivaled for the beauty of its surroundings, the pride of Italy aud its commercial metropolis. The city h&s a population of about u half a million 1 aud is localed ou the Northern shore of I the lovely bay of Naples, sloping dowu j to the sea on the amphitheatre of the I hills. The enervating iuflueuces of this ! ! eternal summer land, as well as the degeneracy of thc muden. Italian, are j very evident in tho inhabitants ot Naples No city of all Italy has a more lovely j i climate, or a happier, poorer, lazier or j j dirtier population The impudence of i the beggars who exhibit to passers-by I the physical illa which constitute their i stock in trade, is ouly equaled by the j j contented indifference with which all | classes seem to regard both the present j and future. A!! kinds of work are car ried on in the street?, shoemakers, car- . penlers, barbers and others often having ' their entire ou'fit on the sidewalk, while the women al- o bring out their washing j and ironing, their sowing and kuitting ' into the public highway. Many locali ties near Naples were immo'tulized by Virgil in his .Eneid, and the tomb of tho great poet himself is pointed ont only a lew miles from the city. Vesuvius, which lifts its fire .1 smoke crowned summit 4,000 feet above, the ! level of the sea, is Southeast of Naples and was reached by us by tramway to I Resina, which is built above the ancient i buried village of Herculaneum, and from thence on fool to thc summit. For sev eral miles the way lies among the vine yards and orchards which surrouud ibo base and crown tho lower slopes of the mountaiu, but these are soon passed and we reach the lava flow of 1872 over which the road winds for a long distance. It is a perfect picture of desolation. The lavu stream is nearly black aud lies iu great folds and ridges, formed bv the semi-fluid mass pouring down the side of the moun tain and stiffening as it cooled The foot of the cone is reached without serious difficulty, and from this point a cable railroad runs nearly to the summit ; but having attempted to make the ascent of Vesuvius on foot we scorned all such modern innovations and toiled on. The cone which surmounts the mountain is about 1,500 feet in height and is com posed of loose scoria and ashes, with occasionally a ridge o' lava. Its sides rise at an angle of ubnu forty- ii ve degrees and as the ashes slip back under one's feet at every step, the ascent is most fatiguing. It was as hard a bit of moun tain climbing as we had ever attempted. From the summit n magnificent pano rama is spread out before us. The coun try for miles around dotted with little villages ia seen, willi Naples on the Northwest and ilie beautiful bay in front, stretching far away to where, "Calm Capri wuils, Her sapphire gates Beguiling to her bright estates." We descend to the "old crater" and pick our way among the steaming, smok ing fissures which open far down into the depths below. Masses of almost pure sulphur have been deposited all around and at times the sulphurous fumes are almost overpowering. There has been no lava overflow for some time und at tho princ'pal openiug in the Eastern part of the crater a cone perhaps fifty feet in height has been built up of the cinders, scoria,. .c., which at intervals of perhaps a minute are thrown up from the open ing and full in showers around. We were soon satisfied with the horrors of the > luce and the evident proximity to the infernal regions, and descending the mountain on the Southern side we made our way over vast beds of lava and on through vineyards aud gardens to Torre Annunziata and from thence to the ruina of Pompeii. In studying the ruins of Rome and tho other cities of ancient Italy we And that much has been lost during the wars and political disturbances of past centuries; but in Pompeii we find an ancient Roman city, embalmed as it were, in ashes ; thus preserving for eighteen hundred years not only the form of the buildings, but every feature of the borne life of the Roman of the first century of the Christ ian era. About 75. acres, comprising nearly i of the apace enclosed within the walls, have been uncovered and tbe work of excavation is still being carried on. Nearly everything which can be moved, even to tbe more important frescoes, is taken at once to the museum at Naples, consequently tbe bare walls and deserted streets of this city of the dead, with a few monuments, fountains, etc., are all that remain. The principal entrance is I through the ancient sea gate of the city ; for although now far inland, Pompeii was formerly a seaport. The streets are regularly laid out, the principal ones being 24 feel and those of lesser impor tance only 14 feet in width. They are paved with buge blocks of lava with deep ruts worn by tbe chariot wheels, and at the street cornera are stepping stones for pedestrians, nearly a foot above pave ment. With but few exceptions tbe houses, are only one story high sod aro bnilt on tbe same general plen, a solid wall with a single entrance towards the street and the rooms ranged around an open court which was ornamented and decorated with fountains, statues, flowers, mosaics, etc., according to the fancy or wealth of the owner. Unlike Herculane um, which waa buried beneath a lava flow to a depth of nearly 100 feet, Pompeii was covered with ashes and scoria only to a depth of about 20 feet, thus making the work of excavation much less labori ous. In the small museum within th? walls are several figures made by pou/ing Klaster into the opening left lo the ashes y the decay and absorption of the bodies of the dead who were overwhelmed io the eruption ; thus showing the exact atti tude io which death overtook them. The agony thoa depicted ob the faces as well as indicated by the position of the bodies is most horrible, and even after a lapso of nearly two thousand years is suf ficient to cause one to shudder at the hor rors of that dreadful night, when a city, teeming with lifo and prosperity was sur prised and buried. The National Museum nt Naples con tains much of interest in its valuable and extensive collection of ancieot statuary, bronzes, Egyptian auliq'.iities, etc., but by far its greatest attraction lies in its vast exhibit of Pompeiau relics. We find here beautiful mosaics; frescoes and other mural decorations which in form aud color compare favorably with tho works of the renaissance ; thousands of articles of domestic utility, including kitchen utensils, scales, lamps, stoves, bedsteads, surgical and musical instru ments, chairs, toilet articles, vases, dishes, agricultural implements and many other things very similar to those in usn in the present dry ; glam amphora still contain ing olive oil; "several round black loaves of bread bearing the baker's name, as well as many other articles of food ; and a vast assortment "too numerous to mention," of articles taken from thc buried city. We return to Home by the ?ame road over which we traveled in going to to Naples, and after a few hours spent in revisiting the Forum and a few other places of interest, wo took the traiu for Floreuce, a city of about 100,000 popula tion located nearly in the centre of Italy. Our routo passes Lake Trasemenus, memorablo as the scone of Hannibal's great victory over tho Kornaus moro than 200 years before Christ, as well as many other places of historical interest. The city of Florence is situated in an extensiva plain surrounded by cultivated bills whose sides arc studded with elegant villus. Ji is divided into two unequal parts by the Arno, a stream which ia per haps an improvement on the Tiber, but still does not possess any features which should justly give it the common appella tion of "the lovely Arno." Floreuce has suffered in every age from military incur sions ; but during tho fifteenth century it was the acknowledged leader iu tho intellectual renaissance which followed the darkness of thc middle ages. Its galaxy of illustrious names, including Dante, Boccaccio, Galileo, Giotto, Michael Angelo, Raphaol, da Vinci, Savonarolo aud many others is unsur passed in moderu times and well entitles tho city to bo known as tho Italian Athens. The Piazza della Signoria is the business as well as tho historic centre of tho city. Hero Savonarola was burned and here stands the old capitol of the republic. Adjoining this square is the Ufilzi gallery founded by the Medici family and contaiuing one of the largest and choicest art collections in ibo world. Tho hull known as the "Tribune" is located near the centro of the gallery and is spoken of by Hawthorne us "the rich est room in all the world." It contaius the Venus de Medici, the Dancing Faun, the Wrestlers and other masterpieces of ancient sculpture as well ns sumo of the finest works of Rapbnd, Titian, Correggio, Augelo and other great masters. Besides tho pictures and statuary the gallery coutuins a valuable collection of gems us well as many mosaics and other works of art. Among the mosaics is u table of wondrous beauly, which represents the labor of 22 artists for 25 years. Ou the opposite side of tho Arno, but connected with the Uffizi gallery by a long covered passage is the Pitti Palace, one of tho finest architectural structures of modern times and coutaining a collection of about 500 paintings, including Rapbol's Madonna delhi Spggiola, Titian's Mag dalen and mar* other choleo gems of art. Among the churches of Florence tho cathedral is of course one of the most interesting. It is 500 feet in length and the exterior is coated with marble; but the facade has never been completed. IIB interior is grand and impressive but ex ceedingly bare and cold. The church of Santa Croce is spokon of as the "West minster Abbey of Florence. Here are the tomhi of many of Italy's famous sous, and memorial tablets are here erected to many others whose remains are buried elsewhere. In the square in front stands a statute of Dante, 19 feet high, erected in 1865 on the 600th anniversary of his j birth. The Mcdicenn chapel in the rear of the church of San Lorenzo is, with the exception of the Tuj Mahal iu India, I Erobably the richest tomb in the world, t waa erected in 1604 at a cost of over $4,000,000 as a receptacle for the Holy Sepulchre but bas never received ita expected deposit. Its magnificence is beyond description. In the eecristy adjoining aro the tombs of the Medici, with statues by Michael Angelo which are tho masterpieces of that great artist aod fully equal to the noblest figures of tho best period of Greek art. But tho pile of manuscript before us reminds us again that we must not presume too far upon the patience of the readers of the INTELLIGENCER and consequently we must leave mauy points of which, did space permit, we should be glad to write, and pass on to "beautiful Venice, the Bride of the Sea." THAVEIJBB. A Beantirnl Extract. The following eloquent paper on Time is, we believe, from the pen of Pauld ing : "I saw a temple reared by the bands o? man, standing with ita high pinnacle in the distant plain. The streams beat about it-the God of Nature hurled His thunder bolt against it, yet it stood as firm as adamant. Revelry was in tbe hall ; tbe gay, the happy, the young, the beautiful were there. I returned, and lo 1 the temple was no more. Its high walls lay in scattered ruin, moss and grans grew rankly there ; and at the midnight hour the owl's loijg cry added to the solitude. The young aud gay who had reveled there had passed away. I saw a child rejoicing in his youth, the idol of his mother and the pride of his father. I returned and that child had become old. Trembling with the weight of years, he stood the last of his generation, a stranger amidst all the desolation around bim. I saw an old oak standing in all its pride upon the mountain ; the birds were car oling in its boughs. I returned and saw thc osk was leafless and sapless, the winds were playing at their pastime through the branches. "Who is the destroyer ?" said I to my guardian angel. "It is Time," said he. "When the morning stars saog together for joy over the new-made world lie commenced his course ; and when he baa destroyed all that is beautiful on the earth, plucked tho sun in bis sphere ; veiled the moon io olood , yen, when he shall have rolled the Heavens and the earth away, as a scroll, then shall an angel from the throne of Oed come forth, and with one , foot upon the land, lift op his band ! towards Heaven and swear by Heaven's ' Eternal, Time was, but Time shall be no > more." I . ^ . . - "Will rou please tell me, Mr. Oc cult," asked his favorite niece, "why I Masons wear a pin with a 'O' in it?" "Certainly, my dear," replied Occult, "it ? is the same with men as with horses ; a 1 'O' directa them to the right." A GREAT PREACHER GONE. Thc Death of lllttiop rici cr. Near Snnrta, Georgia. SPARTA, GA , Scptomher 3.-Bishop (ieo. P. Pierce died nt hi? nouna at Sun j ?hine, three miles East of Sparta, this morning at 8.4f> o'clock. Ho had heen in feeble health for some time, and bad been in a constant and rapid decline since bis return from tlieCuIverton Camp meeting on tho 13th of last month, where he preached with great earnestness nnd power. j For fourteen yearn Bishop Pierco baa j been troubled with nn obstinate throat i disease that during the last few years haa been the occasion of a constant drain upon I his system. His indomitable will and j tireless zeal kept him so constantly at his j great work thut even friends who had j some knowledgo of bis atlliction knew : little of the inconveniences and distress ho oftot) suffered. Tho proximate causo j of his death was a low continued fever of sumo three weeks' duration, but tho real cause of his death ii believed lo be the chronic trouble with his throat. People who heard his great sermon ou the second Suuday in August al tho camp meeting near bis home aro nina/.vd when they are told that at that time his emaciation waa so great that he only weighed 108 pounds. Ile preached HIS LAST si: it MON at Thomson, Georgia, sitting in a chair during part of tho sermon. He had an appointment to preach nt Walker's Church, lu Greene County, (Ja , oniy three days before hi? death. Here he preached his first sermon, in 1830, huton that day he was sick unto death. it is a matter of profound gratitude tc the Bishop's friends that he wa? fret from aculo suffering of any sort during his lost sickness. Hin death was ns pain less as death cnn be. No mun was inure loved by his neighbor?, and Hancock County not ouly mourns the departure of its chief citu.cn, but of every man': friend. Tho Bishop retained his con sciousne8s perfectly to the last. His mind never lost its poise or clearness, nnd his words to his last consecutivt utterance were well chosen after lin manner of speech. He did not at first think that he wai going to die, but when it became evident to bun he spoke of it just ns ho had been speaking of his projected visit to the In dian Mission Conference. Ho did not until two dava before his death entirolj relinquish his plan of going lo the terri tory and holding the Conference. Hit mind was much on this MISSION WORK OK HIS CHURCH and this year it had a special hold upot him for the reason that a nc i cu and s granddaughter aro ina few weeks goinj out to engage in tho work of the missior schools. On the Monday before his deal! be requested his friend, Dr. A. G. Hay good, who was with him the last threi days, to write to bishop McTyeire, ol Nashville, Tenn., requesting him to holt his Conference and to arrange for tbi work of his present episcopal year. Hi desired also that Bishop Wilson, of Balli more, be informed of his condition am of his inability to preach the openin* sermon nt the centennial commemoratiot of tho organization of the Metbodia Episcopal Churches in America. H could not tulk much on account of th weakness of his throat, but be gave fal and clear directions as to all matters tba needed bis attention. The day before b d'fal he dictated a letter to Bishop Mc Ty eire concerning the interests of tue In dian Mission Conference, giving tninut and business directions for carrying ou what he bad io hand. It is known tbs many of Bishop Pierce's friends hav almost censured him for taxing bimse so heavily. His view of this matter wi be of interest. In reply to a friend wh< on last Monday, intimated that be ha overworked himself, he said : "I hm not overdone it. I only went on in tb regular drift of duly. I did not matt occasions. Many I visited. 1 went i far as I could go and stopped." The thousands who know the love and honored Bishop expected him to d as he had lived, but they will be glad t hear from HIS CLOSIKQ EXPERIENCE*. On Monday be laid to a friend : 1 think if I could talk we would have glorious love-feast here, but I am too fi spent. You muat take it for granted, know that my Heavenly Father is m angry with me about anything at al He knows that it has alwaya heen n highest pleasure to serve Him and wou be again. My heart is full, nil ia serei and bright." All his Burvivine; childrt and many of his grandchildren we with him when he passed from the sig nf men, also bis two brothers, the Rc Dr. J. Lt Pierce, and the Rev. T. Pierce, of the North Georgia Conf?rent The pastor of the circuit in which I home was, the Rev. Dr. Haygood, G Paul and Mrs. Walker, of Savannah, ai others were present. TUE FUNERAL. Bishop Pierce will be buried in I Sparta cemetery on Friday, September There will be delegations of miniaU and church olDcials from adjacent tow and cities and aleo from Nashville, Ten By request of Bishop Pierce'a family, t Rev. Dr. Haygood, bis long-time frier will preach the funeral sermon. A Short Story of the IlUhop'* Life. The tidings of Bishop Georgo FOB Pierce's death will be heard with ainci Borrow throughout the South, and p ticulatly in the Southern Metboc Church will his departure be aadly i plored. He was one of the great preachers in the land, and his name v a familiar word io erery Methodiat hou hold. He was boro in 1811, near Gree boro, Georgia, and was the son of freat Lovick Pierce, who died in 18 n his childhood Bishop Pierce altem the Behool? in Greensboro, where he 1 fitted for college. At the age of fifa he was sent to Athens University, i was graduated in 1829, at the age eighteen. Among those who wert? compaoiona in college were Roi Toomba, Alexander H. Stepbens, H* ell Cobb, and aeveral others wfa names have since become i m pre* upon the history of the Nation. WI he was a student st Athens he was c verted under tho powerful preaching bia father, and ia 1831 he joined Georgia Conference, being one of first members. He rose at once I prominence aa a preacher of great . quenco and profound thought. He appointed to tba Alcova Circuit, Georgia, composed of the Counties Putnam, Jasper, Newton and Morj with the Rev. Jeremiah Freeman as senior iu charge ol the circuit. Wil the first quarter Mr. Freeman bi down under the .excessive labor, young Pierce was left alone to fill twe two appointments, over a territory ! vast that bis homo teemed to be con . nally in the saddle. He preached tv ty-four sermons every twenty*eight d besides sermons on extra occasions, j attendance oo weddings, funerals I household service*. During that yea received into the church one hum and fifty members. He filled the i important stationl in Georgia and stationed two jean in Ch ai) eaton. was a member of tba famous General Conference in 1844 wbicb met in New York, and distinguished himself in de bate, though he was perhaps the young est member of that body. He wat a del?gate to the Convention held in Louisville. Ky., in May, 1845, which or ganized the Methodist Kpiscopnl Church South. In 1839 ho was appointed presi dent of the first female college in tho world, located at Macou. Owing to financial embarra- -mont he subsequently resigned and accepted tho agency to col lect funds for the institution. In 1842 ho WAB stationed in Macon, whonco he was reappointed to Augusta for the years 1843 and 1844, during which time he built Ht. John's Church. He was then appointed for three years presiding elder of the Augusta circuit, and then in 1848 he was transferred to Columbus. That summer Judge Longstreet resigned tho presidency of Emory College, and he was appointed to lill the vacant chair, which he held until 1854. During all lhc?o years be never med dled with affuirs of the world, never be came entangled with outside questions, and never allowed college or other duties to interfere with tho regularity of his preaching, lie held to tue old fashioned iden thnt there was only one safely fur a preacher-unremitting work and never ceasing preachiug. In 1854 the Generil Conference of tho Methodist Episcopal Church South met in Columbus. Hy that body he was elected to be ono of thc Bishops of the church. His oflicial du ties occupied all of bis lime, and railed him from sea to se?. He wa? absent from homo mouths ut a time, spending weeks on the ears and uudergoiug many I hardships of travel. He made tho over [ land route to California in 1851), and i spout one yeur there preachiug in all parts of the State. In 1834 llishop Pierce was married to Min? Annie Al. Waldron, of Savannah, who still lives. Bishop l'iercewasa man of fine presence, and presided with suavity and greatly becoming dignity. Hu was one of the ablest men thc Moth od:st Church in tho South has ever pro duced, and was ever devoted to tho ex tention of tho church and the education of the people. lu February last, Bishop Pierce cele brated his golden wedding at "Sunshine," his residence, which is situated in a de lightful valley, about four miles from Sparta, Qa. The aged Bishop was at tbut timo in quito vigorous health, and talked nt length about the leading incidents of his life and the progress of church work. Ho thought that the church bad neither declined in power or capacity for good, and that it had never been moro active or enterprising, or the outlook more hopeful or inspiring. Tho ministry were never more loyal to church govern ment than to day. Tho Bishop said : "The outlook of the future as to the material advancement of tho country is hopeful. Tho influence of the churches, wisely directed, will save the country from tbe dangers into which unsafe lead ers would bring it. I believe that the people of the United States will remain a church-loving people. One great danger of the United States is the lack of broad, controlling statesmanship in ila legislators-men who allow local and personal motives to be tho guides by which their conduct is gauged. Tho same danger is to bo feared in our courts." Tbe comity of the church, all meeting peacefully and recognizing each other's good work, he regarded as a hopeful sign of the future. The Bishop's lifo was in itself an open epistle, known aud read of all men with whom be came in contact, and though ho ii dead yet does be still live and w?il ha ever live. Tho Blaine Scandal "Explained." The circumstances on which the libel is based are very simple and, beyond a plain statement of them, need no expla nation. Mr. Blaine, as is well known, when a young man taught school in Ken tucky, and at the time met Miss Harriet Stanwood, bis present wife, who was en gaged in the same profession at tho same place. It was here that the attachment began wbicb resulted in their marriage. They were married during term time of their respective schools, but because it j was thought that publication of the fact | might ailed their relations with their employers, the marriage was kept private. At the close of the term they went to gether to the home of Miss Stanwood in Maine on a visit to her relatives and there for the first time tho notice of the marriage was published. Instead of re turning to Kentucky, as be bud inteuded, Mr. Blaine was induced by his wife's brothers to remain and engage in busi ness at the East. Some BIX or seven months after the publication of tho mar riage their first child was born. In Maine, where all the circumstances were known, it occasioned no remark, but when the news reached the small rural community in Kentucky where they had taught school and were both well known, it set loose tongues of the gossips and, as usual, the worst construction was put upon the transaction. This, however, shortly passed away and was forgotten. Hochetter Pott-Erprest-Blaine Organ. - The Dubuque Herald publishes a letter from Gov. Hendricks, dated Indi anapolis, August 21, and in answer to an inquiry concerning the rumors affecting a chango in the national Democratic, ticket consequent upon the reports pub lished against Gov. Cleveland. The let ter says: "I have your letter of the 19th instant. I cannot consider with favor your suggestions of a change in the national ticket. The action of the con vention cannot now be reconsidered, must stand, and I think it ought to stand. I do not agree with you in respect to the probable result. 1 think the probabili ties are favorable to the success of our ticket. The Cleveland scandal will not have weight with the people, and ought hot to have weight. Three times Gov. Cleveland bas stood the test of popular canvass-one for the office of mayor, in his own city-and each time be received the indorsement of bis neighbors by a vote largely above his party strength. Whatever there may have been of tbe scandal existing before, it is not just either to him or the people now to revivo it The nubile welfare requires that ho be judged by his public record, by his capability and fitness for the discharge of responsible and important public duties, and not by old and exploded private slanders." - Ob, ye ! who strut your little hour on the stage of life,'reflect upon the feet that General James Shields was the hero of three wars. He had tho honor nf representing three different Statte In the United States Senate, He waa one of the bravest, heartiest, kindest of men, and yet his grave nt Carroll ton, Missouri,, ia unmarked by stone ur monument. Nino-ten tbs of the rising generation probably never heard of him. Vanity of vanities 1 - " Evciy man Is the architect of his own fortune," remarked a prosperous man to his friend. "Yea," was the reply ; "The architect's plans are always beaut! fully drawn, but what miserable failures some' men make in building after them." A RP PULLING FODDER. A Mural Task fur i? Modern Pliilesophcr. Wo are pulling fodder now. I've hired two men to pull by the day and two to pull by the hundred bundle*. I want to see which i? the cheapest. Hut they get me anyhow, and I cant help it. If they pull by the day they dont make 150 good bundles apiece, which they ought to muke at seventy-live cents a day, ana if they pull by the hundred they make over 200 bundles, and some of them are mighty light. Hut it is all right I reckon. They are watching me and I am watching them. It is the name old s'ory-capital against labor. There are tricks in all trades. You can count the hands in a bundle, hut you cant count thc blades in a bund, and KO they can make them heavy or make them light according Iii puy. I've hired cord wood cut by the cord and they cnn pile it so loose that a pack of hounds can follow a fox right through it and never touch a hair. Hut it is no deep laid ?chemo to cheat you. They are ju*t sloshing along ?nd you eau.settle with a darkey easier than with any crcuturo upon the earth. A mean mun can pay them in bacon at fifteen cents 'a pound and flour ut four when the cash would hoy one at ten and the other at three, ?nd he can cheat them twenty five pur cent, in tho Weights and they will never know any better and never care. The Lord never made such un easy, unsuspecting creature nu a free nigger. There ?re whito men who take advantage of them and cheat them and get their labor for their vittles and clothes, bul tim darkey in BUM of a living anyhow, for if he cant earn it he can steal it, KO it is all right anyhow and the races keep about even, ?lomo furmers are tricky, too, when they take chickens to town tho sickly ones are suro to go, und thc brst potatoes arc put on top of thc basket. The richest pine is on (ho outside of the load, nnd ?ome rotten corn will get in the sheller when tho meal is for market. The rm reliant has his tricks too. Ho will bait you with something for less than cost a nd make it up on something el.se ak fifty per cent. To keep up. with hard competition he will sell you shoes with pasteboard soles and nails that break in two under the hammer and shoddy goods of all soils, for his customers want everything nt the lowest price whether it is good or bad, and it is buckle and tongue whether the merchant can gel ahead of his customers or they get ahead of him. One thing is certain, when the merchant forgets (o charge anything it is lo.?t, forever lost. If be inukeB a mistake in change or weight or measure he hean; of it if it is is in his favor, and if it is the other way maybe he dont. I dont know for certain. Tho miller mixen corn inpal with his flour nowadays. They all do it un north and our millers say they have to doit too to keep up, and they comfort themselves with'tne idea that it ia healthier and bet ter, even though it 1B a fraud upon the consumer. Tho baker gives six loaves for a quarter instead of five, and that satisfies his customers, though the five weighed just as much as the six do now. Anything to Batisfy and keep tho people calm and serene. There is a power of comfort in going home and showing up your bargains. It proves that you are smart in a trade, or popular with tho merchant, and that shows bow smart a good merchant is for ho can make ninety out of ono hundred customers believe he likes them better than anybody. Civility and a little pleasant flattery is splendid Capital for a merchant. If my wife was to bear accidentiy that a merchant in town ?old somebody thal she bad lbs prettiest and beat mannored daughter in the community she would go right thero to trade and wouldent jew nim down on anything. When I waa a young man I waa a merchant for several years, and v Mra. Arp, that now ia, uied to come and trade with me and I fell in love with her acroas the counter, and I waa norry the counter was aa wide as it waa, and ehe waa ?;orry too I reckon, and I showed my devotion io tenderly and said such aweet thinga that abo used to come most every day and abe done all the family trading and como for the unborn and never priced anything but just said so roany yarda or so many paira and I had liked to have got rich off of her before I married ber. which waa all right I reckon for it kept the money in the family and no loss on our aide. A atore ia a good thing to marry on, that IB a dry goods store, but the young man had better own it if he wanta to mefre a sure thing of his girl. After be marries the next beat thing he can do ia to sell out his . store and quit that Bort of bualnesa, for a merchant'a own family account breaks bim oftener than anything elae, for it ia. ao easy to send to the atore and it does look so much like that things out of one's own atore dont coat anything. I never kept Btore but aix montos ofter I got married, but me and my wife have bent other peo ples stores a going for the last thirty yean, and they have done pretty-well considering. But the biggest fraud of all ia in the marrying business, and the man is.guilty of it heap oftener than the woman. I'm not talking about the .regular society woman in a town or a city for I dont think that anybody can cheat ber, she is generally an iceburg ina passel of floe clothes, and she dont know how to do anything but read novels and visit, but tbe average girl who marries for lore'is oftener fooled than the average . man. The time used to be when a man didcot begin to forget his wife until he bad been married ten or fifteen years, but now he forgeta her in. a few months and wont stay home of nights if be can help it. Some uice aweet-tempered young mar ried woman may be aeon now a days . walking to the end of the piazza about ten times in fifteen minutes looking up tho Direct,'for her husband, but he dont come hardly ever according to time. Fol ko dide nt do that way in my doy B, and my sort of folks dont do it yet. Mrs. Arp dont have to look up the. road for me. No Bir, I'm on hand before she wants roe. I am. This shows the good effect of early training, and so I nm obliged to advise tho young women to breaic in their husbands as soon as pos* sible. You can manage a colt mighty .easy with care and .kindness; but it is almost impossible to reform a balky horse. Then there are the tricks of tbe law* yera that would fill a book and are too tedious to mention, and the trick-, cf tho doctors and the politicians and the patent medicine men. The editors help them last fellers out and divide the profits. They dent certify to the Hes but-they keep them spread: out before the people and acare them mighty nigh to death with, their awful pictures of snakes arid horrible things. Well, it is a wonder that anybody has got anything, for it looks- like most everybody la trying to {?et v what everybody bas got,. and, they a ko the n ?ghent cut to do it. ' Btu. ARI?. ?: -"What a blessing it Ia.?*?aid Pal, slightly muddled, "that night uiver comes on till Into in thc day, when a man is all toired on?, and he couln't work no moro poy bow, even if it was morn* -og" \ ...??.,?&. ? ;.. ' ' ' ' \ Ji<J< ' '