Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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BY E. B. MURRAY & CO. ANDERSON, S. G~ THUKSDAY MORNING, AUGUST 7, 1884. _VOLUME XX.-NO. 4. 0111N I THE WAR. CLTJSERET IN THE SOUTH. THE UNHAPPY EVENT THAT LED TO HIS RESIGNATION. Mrs. Flora McD. Williams, of JLouisviBe Ky., inCkarleston Weekly News. It was during the winters of '62 and '63 and the poor old town of Winchester had been again evacuated by the troops under Gen. Jackson. Many of the citi? zens had gone South, but the sudden oc? cupation of the place by the Federal soldiers caught a good many in their lines who had not intended to remain. , Among them were .the two young daugh? ters of a prominent citizen who was at the time in the Confederate service. Finding that the occupation was likely to be permanent, they concluded to apply for a pass to go South, though having many misgivings about getting it, as their sentiments were well known to the . officers in command. Gen. Cluseret, a gentlemanly Frenchman, was at the time in command of the post Making appli? cation to him in person, to their amaze? ment he granted them the pass without imposing a single restriction or condition. Elated with this singular piece of luck . they pushed forward their preparations in good earnest, and in three days from the time they received it were ready to start. They had hired a carriage and trusty pair of horses, as well as a respectable white man in whom they felt confidence to act aa their driver, as it was necessary to drive jBome eighteen or twenty miles up the Valley, where they expected to find friends. They started off in the gray dawn of a winter's momiog with every reasonable prospect of a safe and pleas? ant ride. Upon reaching the second and last picket, some four miles from town, they found no less than two hundred men quartered there. At this point they were ? compelled to leave the main road, which was blockaded by huge piles of rocks and rails,: and drive through woods and unfrequented by-ways for nearly a mile further. All obstructions how being passed, they returned again to the turn? pike and congratulated themselves that they .were at last out of sight of the Yankees. "Do you think we will have any more trouble now, Mr. Higgins V said one of the girls, addressing the driver. "Well. I'm beginning to think we are about through the woods now myself, Miss;" and thus saying he stood up aud looked back over the top of the carriage. "Bless my soul, ladies!" he exclaimed, "here come a lot of them cavalry jest a flyin' up the road 1" "Whip the horses 1 Make them fiy, Mr. Higgins 1" said one of the girls, aud catching up the whip, she laid it on sev? eral times. FLYING FROJt THE YANKEES. They were now going at their topmost speed; and both girls were standing up, looking alternately through the window in the back of the carriage. It was evi? dent they were being pursued. "If we can only keep ahead awhile longer," said one of them, "I know they will, be afraid to follow very far." "But," said the other, "see how they are gaining on us, aud the carriage is so .heavily, laden they must overtake us soon. It is useless to try." So they relaxed their speed, and in a few moments were surrounded by a body of cavalry. , "1? na*ye orders to arrest this party. Driver, turn your carriage around at once," said the foremost one, who rudely thrust his head iu the window. "I can't turn iuat yet; it is too narrow here," said the driver. "Well I can," returned the soldier, and catching the horses heads he wheeled the carriage short around, and barely escaped turning it down the embankment. ?Two of the pursuing party had been stationed a little in advance as soon as they came up to the carriage, evidently to watch and warn of any attempt at rescue. Their great hurry indicated serious fears that a masked battery might open on them at any moment. "We are traveling under a pass from Geq. Cluseret," remonstrated one of the young ladies. "By whose authority are we arrested, pray?" "That is none of your business, or mine either, for that matter," answered the fellow gruffly. The carriage was surrounded on all sides, and both the girls and driver were closely watched. Of course they could not comprehend the reason of such treat? ment. They did not know that during the interval of receiving and using their pass Gen. Cluseret, from whom they had obtained it, had been superseded by a ruffian who outranked him. When the carriage reached the picket it was brought to a halt, while the leader of the party who had made the arrest rode off to con? sult an officer who was brought to the door of his tent by the sound of the re? turning carriage. The soldier communicated something, and the officer looked towards the carri? age where the girls sat waiting in breath? less anxiety to know what was to become of them. After parleying with the cavalryman for some minutes, he came towards the carriage and looked in, then turned and went back to the man again. The girls \hen heard him say, "I will not; I will resign first." He then went into his tent, and presently returning to the carriage climbed up and took his seat beside the driver. He gave the order to move on, and with a guard of four caval? rymen on each side they took up their line of march for Winchester. A GALLANT IRISH OFFICER. As soon as they had gotten well under? way, the officer, who proved to be a humane Irishman, turned to the girls and said: "I had orders to have your persons and baggage searched at my post, but I would not do it, I don't care what the consequences are; I shall take you to "Gen. Clnseret, from whom you obtained your pass, and who alone has the right to arrest you and only then, in the event of your having violated the conditions upon which you obtained it. "We are certainly fortunate in having fallen into your hands, if it was intended that we should suffer such an indignity as that," said one of them. "But our passport was granted without any condi? tions, and I can't understand at all why we are not allowed to go on." "It seems to be the fate of all the ex ?editions to Bichmond that originate in "ankee lines," remarked the other sis-1 ter, "and I suppose we will have to sub? mit to the disappointment as well as the arrest." The officer smiled good-naturedly at her audacity, saying: "I think that Milroy must have order-1 ed this arrest. He suspects that as there I were no conditions imposed, or oaths re? quired, you go South freighted with a mail from the citizens of Winchester, and he hopes to capture it." "He* will be greatly disappointed. Obtaining the pass as we did, we were especially careful to carry nothing that had any reference to your army or their movements. Indeed, the few letters that we have might, with perfect propriety, have been sent by 'flag of truce,' as they relate entirely to domestic matters." Their conversation was necessarily carried on in an undertone 8nd very cautiously, as the guard watched them closely. "If you have anything at all on your persons," said the officer, "that will be apt to compromise you in any way I will take it and keep it for you until after you are searched, for Milroy is unscrupulous, an I would as soon send you to the 'Old Ca >itol'as not." At this the girls exchanged glances. The officer had put himself in their pow? er now undoubtedly. "I have a pistol," said one of the girls, "which is my own private property, and which I will not willingly resign to any one." "I fear the consequences for you if it is found on your person," said he, "and will take it and keep it for you until after you are released, if you will give it to me." "I can't very well get it off," she said, "without being seen, and it would cer? tainly place you in an ugly position if I am discovered giving it to you. Besides all that," she continued, "it would be an admission that I do wroDg to wear it, which I am not. willing to concede at all. I thank you very much for your kindness, bat will keep it." Soon after this they reached Winches? ter and the carriage was driven first to the headquarters of Gen. Cluseret, who appeared in the parlor as soon as it drove up, and in an excited manner and un? measured terms denounced the authority that had ''overstepped the boundary of decency and civilized warfare." "Take zo ladies avay ; dey have no of? fense," he continued, emphasizing his language all the time with angry gestic? ulations. AT GEN*. MILEOY'S HEADQUAETEES. They were then driven to the head? quarters of the heroic Gen. Milroy, by whose order the arrest had been made. They asked permission to send for an elder sister to be present at the interview with Milroy, but the guard refused, say? ing: "Thim orders were positive that no intercourse should be allowed with outside parties." Whereupon one of the girls made a plan of her own, and only waited a favorable moment to carry it out. The carriage was soon recognized, and the wondering citizens began to throng around to find out the reason of its return, but none were allowed to come near enough to speak. Presently notice ing an acquaintance, who stood very near a poinc which they had to pass, one of the sisters watched her opportunity, and when she got very near leaned for? ward from the carriage and said in her loudest tones, "Tell sister-to come to Miircy's headquarters." It was done so suddenly that the guard did not have time to prevent it. But the one nearest her put his hand on his pistol and shook his betd in a threatening manner. Thoy had now reached an imposing looking building where Milroy had es? tablished hi) headquarters, and as they passed through files of armed men their friends, though pressing near, were not allowed to speak. They were conducted up two flights of stairs and ushered into a room where four or five officers were assembled. The girls walked in and took their seats in a dignified and fearless manner. Conscious 0:: no offence, they felt there could be no cause far fear. "Is it asking too much to want to know the-ground for this singular treatment, sir?" said one of them, turning to Major McGee, a member of the staff. "Madam," he replied, with an obsequi? ous smile, "we have not been advised of the General's reasons for this arrest. They are doubtless well grounded though." "You are suspected, and with good reason, I imagine, to be carrying aid and comfort to the enemy," said another official. "We have only what belongs to us, I assure you. "Assurances don't count much on such occasions as these, madam; proofs, posi? tive proofs,- are the only things that have any effect." A LITTLE TAETAE. At this point one of the girls opened her cloak and deliberately untying the scarf which had been given a brother on the battlefield in return for kindness shown by him to a Federal officer, and which confined the pistol around her waist, took them off and laid them on the table by which she sat. A significant smile passed around the faces of the officers. "Do you suppose for a moment you will be allowed to keep that, madam ?" one of them asked, laughing. "I have no idea of resigning it I assure you. I merely take it off to show you that I am not carrying concealed wea? pons. If you would like a trophy of this event, however, I have some military caps in my trunk, which I have braided for some 'rebel' friends. You may keep those, as I doubt your ability to get them in any other way, and when I get South i I can make more. I doubtless will find plenty more worn-out pantaloons, of which I made the others." "Don't be too hard on us, Miss Reb., if you please; you might repent it," an? swered one of them maliciously. The conversation was here interrupted by the entrance of two soldiers, each of whom had several pairs of cavalry boots thrown across bis shoulder. Depositing them in a corner of the room they went out again. "You wouldn't be so willing to part with the boots, maybe. They ain't so easy made as caps, eh ?" said the officer who had just spoken. "As they don't belong to us, we have no opinion about them," answered one of the girls. "Oh, I expect they do," he answered, in a tantalizing tone. The door opened Again ; this time the men brought in some boxes and placed them alongside the boots." "Where did those things come from ?" asked Maj. McGee. - "All come out of the carriage, sir," answered the man. "Well, they do not belong to us, any? how," exclaimed one of the girls, ex? citedly. "Indeed, I assure you that we never saw them before," said the other. "1 am sorry for you, young ladies, but you can't get out of it in that way." "Do you suppose we are telling an untruth ?" they almost screamed in their apger at the injustice done them. Both girls felt now, for the first time, like giving up to the tears which they had been choking down for some time. Their unfeigned looks of surprise, as well as their protestations of innocence, must have had some effect on the officers, who seemed to have resolved themselves into a court-martial over them. One of them soon left the room, and presently the men who had brought the things there returned and carried them out again. It afterwards transpired that the things belonged to the driver, who bad secreted them in the carriage, to dispose of them at big prices when he got into "Dixie," where all such articles were at a premium. DECLINING TO BE SEARCHED. Now the two girls were sent, one at a time, into an adjoining room. The offi? cers did not say what for, but the first one that went found crouched in the farthest corner a figure with a welcome black face. "Why, aunty," she exclaimed, "what am'I sent in here for ?" "Lord knows, Miss; I is a heap wuss skeered 'an you is, but the Gen'l told me to Bee ef you all had any 'spatches 'bout you." "Well, aunty," the girl answered, "you will have to take my word for it, because I wont submit to your searching me." And so saying sbe quickly returned to the next room, and the other sister went through very much the Bame interview. Upon returning to the room the one who owned the pistol missed her property from the table on which she had laid it. "What has become of my pistol ?" sbe asked at once. "I turned it over to the General," said Major McGee. "Can't I see the General," she asked, "I am not going to resign it without a struggle to keep it, anyhow." "I guess you can't see him," he an? swered. Just then the door opened, and their Bister, for whom they had sent so abrupt? ly, came in. Both girls now gave way to the tears which they could no longer restrain, at sight of a sympathizing friend. "Why girls," she exclaimed, "what is the meaning of all this ? I am shocked, amazed; sir," turning to one of the officers, "is nothing sacred in the eyes of your officials ? Is a pass from your high? est officer not a pledge of security, at least until that pass is known to have been violated? What civilized nation under the sun would arrest two defence? less girls, travelling under protection of an official paper, and subject them to Buch treatment as this, without positive knowledge that some offence had been committed on their part ?" The officers did begin to look ashamed of themselves. "I have just left the room below here, where I found, after searching, unaided and rebuffed at every turn, your trunks spread open, and being searched by the officers, Gen. Milroy himself, superin? tending and assisting in the manly occu? pation." "Is it oossible, sister?" exclaimed both the girls. "It is, indeed, a mortifying fact. I expressed my surprise at so unusual a mode of proceediug, but they continued their search in my unwelcome presence until convinced " that they contained nothing unusual in a young lady's out? fit, when Milroy left the room a wiser, but I am afraid not a better man." Then turning to the officer, "How much longer is this to last, sir ?" "Not long, I sincerely hope, madam." They were now thoroughly convinced of the gross mistake they had made and sought to atone for it. Presently Major McGee returned and told them they were at liberty to go, and soon getting ready he preceded them down stairs. ? ' "Am I not to have my pistol ?" asked the one to whom it belonged. * "The General says he thinks he will have to confiscate that, madam," he an? swered pleasantly. "By what authority does he do it?" she returned; "can't I at least see him and ask him for it ?" "I asked him to let me bring you to him, but he declines to have an inter? view," said the Maior. "Very well," she said; but she had made up her mind to see Milroy before she left the building. FACE TO FACE WITH THE GENERAL. She kept carefully in the rear of the party as tbey*came down the stairs, and just opposite the foot of the first landing she noticed a door with Milroy's name on it, and under it "private room." Quick as thought her hand was on the knob and the door open before any of the party in front had an idea of it. Sure enough there she stood face to face with*this conquering hero. He stood on the rug in front of the fire, and looked in amazement from one to the other of the party who had now joined her. "I came for my pistol, Gen. Milroy," said the owner of it, in a tone of voice which seemed to preclude the possibility of a doubt as to her getting it, and see? ing it lying on one end of the mantel? piece she advanced towards it as she spoke. The old General was taken as com? pletely by surprise as if a masked bat? tery had been opened in his rear. He looked first at one and then the other, as if to demand the cause of this intrusion, when Major McGee came to the rescue. "The young lady insisted upon seeing you herself, General, and came in of her own accord to see if she could not re? cover her property." "Well," jerked out the old General in a spasmodic sort of a way, "it is a curi? ous ornament for a lady, but I guess you can have it." ~ He apparently realized that there was no getting rid of so importunate a girl in any other way. Major McGee now handed it to her, and thanking him, she said: "I do not wear it as an ornament, General, but find it a necessary protection in the pres? ent state of the country." Maj. McGee, who had seemed all along to regret the arrest, or as soon as it became evident that nothing on the part of the girls had merited it, now said : "General, can you not give these ladies a pass to go beyond your lines now ?" "Certainly," said he, "I will," as if anxious to get rid of them on any terms. "Thank you, General, but I think the next pass that carries us up the Valley will be signed by Gen. Jackson," said one of them. "Do you suppose for a moment," said their elder sister, "that I would let them run the risk again that they have just passed ?" "But, madam, it would not occur again," said he. "I am very sorry, sir; but I could have no faith in any guarantee that you could give me after this, so we will bid you good morning and bide our time." So saying they left the apartment. The pistol was held aloft, as they reached the street below, in token of the victory they had gained, for throngs of acquaint? ances waited to hear the cause and result of this unwarranted arrest. TRYING TO MAKE PEACE. Milroy sent several times, offering them passes, transportation and an escort, under flag of truce, to any point up the Valley, but they invariably returned the same answer that had first been given to this offer: "That Gen. Jackson would sign their next passport up the Valley." Alas! they little knew that the im I mortal Jackson would never more return ! to his beloved Valley, i Major McGee was sent again to solicit i their acceptance of this offer, and. upon i again failiDg, he said : "Is there noth i iDg that I can do for you to show you I how heartily sorry I am for the whole affair, and especially my part in it?" i "Nothing at all," she Baid, but upon reflection, added, "There iB one thing, Major. I would like to write my father a true account of how we have been treated, and say all I think about it. Would vou promise to send the letter by 'flag of truce?'" "I will," he replied, "with pleasure." "But," said she, "remember, if I say all I think it will not be very compli? mentary to a good many who wear th*} United States uniform. Gen. Milroy, least of all, and if he sees the letter I am sure it won't be sent at alL" "He shall not see it, I promise, and it shall go," said he. "Very well, I will venture it," she re? plied. "Is it impossible to convince you that I mean what I say?" he answered im? patiently. "Well, Major, it is right hard, I con? fess, to convince me that any good thing can come out of Nazareth, after the ex? perience we have just had." But, as the sequel proves, she did him an injustice, for she wrote an account of it to her father, and such a one as would never have gone under an ordinary flag of truce. She sent it sealed to Major Mc? Gee himself, and her father certainly re? ceived it, just as it was written. So he kept his word, making one of the excep? tions which proved the rule that she had applied to the majority. GEN. CLUSERET'S RESIGNATION. It became apparent now why Milroy had shown such anxiety to have these young ladies go South. Gen. Cluseret, who had given them the pass, made use of such language to his superior officer because the pass that he bad given had been dishonored that he caused him to be placed under arrest. Whereupon he (Cluseret) resigned and demanded an in? vestigation and sent the officer who had so kindly befriended the girls at the picket post and afterwards to request them to appear as witnesses in his behalf. But their friends, fearing tbey might be? come further involved, declined to allow them to appear, and Gen. Cluseret left the United States army finally, because he had not joined it, he said, to fight against women. IN FOREIGN LANDS, Correspondence of the Intelligencer, Tho American, to whom the sight of a soldier in uniform is a novelty, will find the vast military organizations of the European nations especially notable. In particular is this the case in Germany, where, with a standing army of nearly half a million men, soldiers are every? where present, and almost every town has its barracks and garrison. This nation, with a population equal to that of the United States, supports an army which on a peace basis is more than twenty times as large as our own and on a war footing, numbers over a million I and a quarter of men. In fact the con? tinual presence of the military becomes a most decided nuisauce, and one cannot help comparing the condition of this army-burdened land with America, where, thank God, our surroundings do not require such vast and expensive armaments. From Frankfort to Berlin is a tiresome ride of nearly four hundred miles, with but little of interest along the route. The country is densely populated and as :;s the case throughout nearly all Ger? many the land is under good cultivation. No cattle are seen grazing in the fields here or elsewhere in Europe, excepting in the mountainous regions, the soiling system being used on account of the greater economy of land. In conse? quence of this, but few fences are seen and the waste and expense of that class of boundary lines is rendered unneces? sary. Berlin, the capital of the German Empire, is situated on the river Spree and has a population of about 1,100,000. It is a well built city, but as is the case in many European capitals, the newer portions beyond the gates are much more elegant than the central and older sec? tions. The principal street of Berlin is "Unterden Linden," which extends Westward from the Schloss, or old royal palace, about one mile to the Branden? burg gate. Let no one say there is noth? ing in a name. How all that is roman? tic responds to one mere suggestion of moonlight walks under the lindens, with fair haired and blue eyed German youths and maidens whispering sweet words of love; but moonlight under the bass woods is a very different thing; our romantic associations are all gone, and nothing remains but angular and awkward speci? mens of humanity, discussing the merits of Limburger cheese or the prospects of the sourkrout crop. But the street itself, although famous, is a disappointing one. It is broad and well kept, but the afore? said lindens are many of them not yet of a sufficient size to render a very impos? ing appearance, while they serve to ob? struct the view. The Brandenburg gate was modelled after the Propylaca of Athens and is regarded as the finest arch in Europe, next to the Arc de Triomphe, at Paris. It is surmounted by arcolossal four-horse car of Victory; which was taken to Paris by the French in 1S06 but was returned in 1814. The museums, which are located near the centre of the city, constitute one of the largest and most valuable collections in Europe. They are especially rich in ancient Grecian statuary, the collection far exceeding that of the British Museum. The picture galleries are extensive and contain many works of the best artists, both ancient and modern. The government buildings are worthy of no especial mention and new ones are soon to be erected; the corner stone of the new Parliament house hav? ing been laid about the time of our visit. A few miles West of Berlin is Pots? dam, the famous residence of Frederick the Great. His palace, with the rooms occupied by him remaining in their original condition, is near the station and but a short distance to the West is the Garrison Church, where, in a plain black coffin, without tablet or ornamenta? tion, rest the remains of the great king, with his father, Frederick William I, by his side, in the same chapel. Sans Souci, built by Frederick as a retreat from care, und where he passed the last years of his life, is but a mile and a half distant and in the vicinity are many other points of interest which time will not permit us to visit. Dresden, the "German Florence," as it is frequently called, is about one hun? dred miles South of Berlin, on the Elbe, which divides the city into two parts. It is famous for its art collections and museums, and also for its China, the principal manufactories of which are a few miles out of the city. The Zwinger, io which are located the principal attrac? tions, is an immense pile of buildings only a short distance from the river and near the old palace of the kings of Saxony. It contains the Historical Museum, the Museum of Cast3, the Museum of Mineralogy, the Museum of National History, the Museum of En? gravings and the world's famouB picture gallery. This collection consists of about 2,500 paintings and is one of the finest in Europe. It includes the Sistine Madon? na, regarded by many critics as the first painting in the world. The Madonna, of heroic size, is represented as standing upon the clouds ana holding the child in her arms, while she looks into the dis? tance with a far-away expression as though she would fathom the future. On the left is Pope St. Sixtus and on the right St. Barbora, while below are the two cherubs whose happy faces are familiar the world over. There is an indescribable charm about the picture which draws one again and again from other part3 of the gallery, to gaze on the wondrous beauty of the mother and the divine solemn loveliness of the child. The gallery also contains Correggio's Magdalens, Sassoferrato's Sleeping Venus and many other masterpieces of the world's most famous artists. After enjoying, as many Americans have, a visit to these wonderful art col? lections which have been in process of accumulation by these governments for centuries, it is somewhat humiliating to read, as we did, in telegraph dispatches a few days later that our wise (?) men assembled at Washington had refused by an overwhelming vote and in direct oppo? sition to the wishes of American artists, both at home and abroad, to even re? duce the duty on works of art; thus suc? cessfully "protecting" American painters against one of the best means of improve? ment and rendering probable and just the immediate enforcement of retaliatory measures by the authorities in these great centres of art study. Vienna, or "Wien," as the German hath it, was our next stopping point, and this also necessitated a long wearisome journey of nearly four hundred miles from Dresden, with but little to beak tber monotony of the trip. This city, which has a population only a trifle smaller than the Prussian capital, is not located on the Danube river as 13 usually sup? posed, but upon the Danube canal, a small branch of the main stream. The old fortifications, which entirely sur? rounded the ancientcity, were all leveled in 1857 and a broad avenue, known as the "King Strasse," constructed in their place. This street which is one of the finest we have yet seen in Europe, sepa? rates the ancient and modern portions of the city, the former with crooked streets and a medieval aspect being within and the latter, one of the most inviting on the contineut, without its borders. The prin? cipal public buildings, governmental offices, etc., are all located on the Ring Strasse and here too was the famous Eing theatre, the burning of which a few years ago and the terrible loss of life in the flames, sent Buch a thrill of horror throughout Christendom. Extensive buildings are also being erected on the "Ring" into which, when completed, the art collections, etc., will be gathered. The Belvedere gallery is the principal collection of paintings and is a large and valuable one. It is divided into two sections, the Italian aud Netherlandish schools, and each coutains a large num? ber of the works of the most famous mas? ters. The Liechtenstein gallery, a private collection, also includes some excellent specimens, together with many inferior works, the total number being about 1,600. Numerous statues adorn the parks and squares of the city, the most interesting being that of Prince Schwartzenburg, who commanded at the three days' battle of Leipsic, which was the first step in the final overthrow of the great Napoleon. The unfavorable condition of Austrian finances is evident, even to a stranger, from the circulation of a depreciated fractional paper curreucy, somewhat similar to the "shinplasters" current in America during the "late un? pleasantness." The German language is almost universally spoken and the Roman Catholic is the prevailing religion; about twenty-eight of the thirty-seven million population belonging to that faith, the balance being divided among Protestants, Jews, the Greek Church, etc. The scenery of the Danube at Eome localities above Vienna is said to com? pare favorably with that of the Rhine; but is not of sufficient interest to justify spending the time required for the trip, consequently we take a train and are whirled on to Munich, the ancient capi? tal of the kingdom of Bavaria, avoiding Salzburg as one of the humbugs of Europe. In its public buildings and its collections of art, Munich is one of the richest cities of Europe. It is located upon the "Isar, flowing rapidly" aud is very irregular in its streets and general plan. Like Vienna, it has a broad boule? vard occupying the place of its old forti? fications and separating the ancient from the modern city. The Royal Palace, certain portions of which are open to the public each day, coutains a large num? ber of articles of interest, but the great? est attraction is a series of halls, on the walls of which are some of the finest fres? coes of modern times; illustrating events in the lives of Charlemagne, and Fred? erick Barbarossa and also giving scenes from Nibelungen-lied. The old Pina cothek, or picture gallery, coutains about 1,500 paintings, including 90 by Rubens aud a large represeutation of the other famous masters. Of course in these vast collections it is impossible to give even a passing glance at a large portion of the pictures, and in many cases more would not be desira? ble; as even in the best galleries there are many which, to the uncultivated eye at least, are of but little interest, while those which have become world famous are sufficient to occupy all the time which an ordinary tourist can command. The frequent recurrence of the Virgin and Child as a subject for painting also becomes somewhat monotonous, we hav? ing counted no less than thirty-two rep? resentations of the virgin in a saloon containing only fifty-eight pictures. The new Pinacothek is devoted to modern art and its 500 paintings include some of the best works of Piloty, Hess, Rottraan, Zimmerman and others, while the Glyp? tothek, or gallery of ancient sculptures, presents a remarkably well classified collection, together with several magnifi? cent specimens from Canova, Thorwals den and others of our own day. In the Northwestern portion of the city is the famous bronze foundry, formerly the property of the Royal family, but now owned by private parties. Here many of the bronze statues which have been erected in the United States within the past few years were cast. We notice in the museum attached full sized models of the colossal equestrian statue of Wash? ington, erected iu Richmond and of the statues of Patrick Henry, Webster, Jef? ferson, Marshall, Everett, Lincoln and many others erected in different cities of our land, together with the models of the great bronze doors of the capitol at Washington, representing scenes in the life of Columbus, besides many models of statues erected all over Europe and iu other parts of the globe. The different processes of making the molds, casting, polishing, etc. are all shown, but space will not permit a description here; and as our time is limited, we again pass on and at Heidelberg, nearly 300 miles to the Northwest, with its grand old castle and its famous university, we will leave our readers to recover from the rapid travel they have had in this letter. Traveler. NOTIFYING THE NEXT PRESIDENT. Governor Cleveland's Keply. Albany, N. Y., July 29.?The com? mittee of notification met at 10 a. m., Col. Vilas presiding. It was arranged that the committee should visit the Gov? ernor at 3.30 p. m. After signing the official letter the committee adjourned until 3 p. m. The rain, which had ceased at dood, set in again about 2 o'clock. Despite the weather Pearl street and Broadway were lined with people stand? ing under the shelter of umbrellas. About the headquarters of Phalanx No. 56, State street, the crowd was greatest. At a little before 3 o'clock the Phalanx formed on State street one hundred and twenty strong. They were attired in dark suits, high white hats and carried canes. Preceded by the Albany City band they marched through State street into Broadway and into the Delavan House, where the throng was so great that the streets and sidewalks were al? most impassable. Here carriages to the number of forty were provided for the distinguished statesmen composing the committee. About 3.35 o'clock the procession got under way, headed by the band. The Phalanx marched up Broadway followed by the committee in carriages. The Governor's residence was reached about 4 o'clock. An immense concourse of people was assembled about the Execu? tive Mansion and police were stationed about to prevent injurious trespass upon the grounds surrounding the residence. Tho guests were prompt in arriving, and when the members of the two commit? tees were provided for there was very little extra space. The ceremony took place in the large and handsome main parlor of the mansion. The only at? tempt at adornment was seen in huge banks of flowers, which rested upon the mantels of the parlor and library. The ceremony was brief but exceed? ingly impressive. The arrival of the committees in a body was the signal for concentration in the main parlor. There the committee of notification took a po? sition at the south end of the room and the members of the National committee on the north. Space was reserved in the centre, and as soon as preparations were completed the Governor entered through the main hallway, standing with his back to the flower-banked mantel. The ladies of the party stood near the Gov? ernor at his left. His appearance at the doorway was the signal for a hearty and spontaneous outburst of hand clapping,, which continued for several minutes. As soon as this subsided, Col. W. F. Vilas, of Wisconsin, Chairman of the late Democratic National Convention and of the notification committee, step? ped slightly forward and addresing the Governor in a clear, resonant tone and with marked enthusiasm, said : "Grover Cleveland, Governor of the State of New York: These gentlemen, my associates here present, whose voice I am honored with authority to utter, are the committee appointed by the National Democratic Convention which recently assembled in Chicago, and charged with the grateful duty of acquainting you offi? cially, and in that solemn and ceremo? nious manner which the dignity and im? portance of the communication demand, with the interesting result of its delibe? rations already known to you through the ordinary channels of news. Sir, that august body, convened by direct delega? tion from the Democratic people of the several States and Territories of the Re? public, and deliberating under witness of the greatest assembly of free men ever gathered to such a conference, in fore? thought of the election which the Con? stitution imposes on them to make du? ring the current year, have nominated you to the people of these United States to be their President for the next ensu? ing term of that great office, and, with grave consideration of its exalted respon? sibilities, have confidently invoked their suffrages to invest you with its functions. Through this committee the Convention's high requirement is delivered that you accept that candidacy. This choice car? ries with it profound personal respect and admiration, but it has been in no manner the fruit of these sentiments. The National Democracy seeks a President, not in compliment for what a man is, or reward lor what he has done, but in the just expectation of what he will accom? plish as the true servant of a free people, tit for their lofty trust. Always of mo? mentous consequence, they conceive the public exigency to be now of transcen dant importance ; that laborious reform in administration, as well as legislation, is imperatively necessary to the prosperity and honor of the Republic, and a compe? tent Chief Magistrate must be of unusual temper and power. They have observed with attention your execution of the public trusts you have held, especially of that with which you are now so honorably invested. They place their reliance for the usefulness of the service they expect to exact for the benefit of the nation upon the evidence derived from the services you have performed for the State of New York. They invite the electors to such proof of character gnd compe? tence to justify their confidence in the nation as heretofore in the State. Public business will be administered with com? mensurate intelligence and ability, with Binglo hearted honesty and fidelity, and with a resolute and daring fearlessness which no faction, no combination, no power of wealth, no mistaken clamor can dismay or qualify. In the spirit of wisdom, invoking the wisdom of the Divine Creator of the Universe, we challenge from the sovereignty of the nation His words in commendation and ratification of our choice: 'Well done, thou good and faithful servant 1 Thou hast been faithful over a few things; I will make thee ruler over many things.' In further fulfillment of our duty the Secretary will now present a written communication signed by the commit? tee." Col. Villas wa3 several times inter? rupted by applause. At the close of hia remarks the Hon. Nicholas M. Bell, of Missouri, Secretary of the Committee, read the following formal address pre? pared by the committee: "New York, July 28, 1884.?To the Hon. Grover Cleveland, of New York Sir: In accordance with the custom be? fitting the nature of the communication, the undersigned, representing the several States and Territories of the Union, were appointed a committee by the Na? tional Democratic Convention which assembled at Chicago on the 8th day of the current month to perform the pleas? ing office, which by this means we have the honor to execute, of informing you of your nomination as a candidate of the Democratic party in the ensuing election for the office of President of the United States. A declaration of principles upon which the Democracy go before the people with the hope of establishing and maintaining them in the Government was made by the Convention, and an engrossed copy thereof is submitted in connection with this communication for your consideration. We trust the ap? proval of your judgment will follow an examination of the expression of this opinion and policy upon the political controversy now made up. We invite your acceptance of the exalted leadership to which you have been chosen. The election of a President is an event of tbe utmost Importance to tbe people, as American prosperity, growth, happiness, peace, ana liberty even, may depend upon its wise ordering. Your unanimous nomination is proof that the Democracy believe that your election will most contribute to secure those great objects. We assure you that in the anxious responsibilities you mu3t assume as can? didate you will have the steadfast, cordial support of the friends of the cause you will represent, and in the execution of the duties of the high office which we confidently expect from the wisdom of the nation to be conferred upon you, you may securely rely for approving aid upon the patriotism, honor and intelligence of this free people." (Signed by all the members of .the committee.) Governor Cleveland, who had stood meanwhile as an intent listener, replied as follows: Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Committee: Your announcement does not of course convey to me the first information of the result of the Conven? tion lately held by the Democracy of the nation, and yet when I listen to your message I see about me representatives from all parts of the land of the great I party which, claiming to be the party of the people, asks them to entrust to it the administration of their Government, and when I consider, under the influence of the stern reality which the present sur? roundings create, that I have been chosen to represent the plans, purposes and policy of the Democratic party, I am ?profoundly impressed by the solemnity of the occasion and by the responsibility of my position. Though I gratefully appreciate, I do not at this moment congratulate myself upon the distin? guished honor which has been conferred upon me, because my mind is full of anxious desire to perform well the part which has been assigned to me. Nor do I at this moment forget that the rights aud interests of more than fifty millions of my fellow-citizens are involved in our efforts to gain Democratic supremacy. This reflection presents to my mind tho consideration which, more than all others, gives to the action of my party n convention assembled its most sober and serious aspect. The party and its representatives which ask to be entrusted at the hands of the people with the keeping of all that concerns their welfare and their safety should only ask it with a full appreciation of the sacredness of the trust, and with the firm resolve to administer it faithfully and well. I am a Democrat, because I believe that this truth lies at the bottom of true Democracy. I have kept the faith, because I believe if rightly and fairly administered and applied Democratic doctrines and measures- will insure the happiness, contentment and prosperity of tbe people. If in the contest upon which we now enter we steadfastly hold to the underlying principles of our party creed, and at all times keep in viewl^the people's good, we shall be strong because we are true to ourselves, and because tbe plain and independent voters of the land will seek by their suffrages to compass their release from party tyranny where there should be submission to popular will, and their protection from party : corruption where there should be devo? tion to the people's interests. These thoughts lend consecration to our cause, j and we go forth not merely to gain a par? tisan advantage, but pledged to give to those who trust us tbe utmost benefits of an honest administration of national 1 affairs. No higher purpose or motive can stimulate us to supreme effort or urge us to continuous earnest labor and effect? ive party organization. Let us not fail in this, and we may confidently hope to reap the full reward of patriotic services well performed. I have thus called to mind simple truths, and, trite though they are, it seems to me we do well to dwell upon them at this time. I shall soon, I hope, signify in the usual formal manner my acceptance of the nomina? tion which has been tendered to me. In the meantime I gladly greet you all as co-workers in the noble cause." The Governor spoke extemporaneously and not without evidence of deep earnest? ness and feeling. He seemed to. realize the weight of responsibility which rested upon bis shoulders as the standard-bear? er of the party. His address was not only a model one in thought, but was delivered with rare grace and effect. The congratulations that were shower? ed upon him by tbe many distinguished leaders of the party at the close of the ceremonies were sincere and hearty. After some time spent in social inter? course the doors of the dining-room were swung open and refreshments were par? taken of. An informal reception was held at the Fort Orange Club on Washington avenue late in the afternoon. The city was alive with enthusiasm to? night. The Democratic Phalanx, 120 strong, made a short parade before es? corting the speakers to the halls of as? semblage. Their route of march was made brilliant by colored lights and pyrotechnics. In spite of the drizzling rain both Music Hall and the Leland Opera House were filled to overflowing. The auditoriums were neatly decorated with flags and portraits of the Demo? cratic nominees. Facts About the Human Body. The skin contains more than two millions of openings, which are the out? lets of an equal number of sweat glands. A human skeleton consists of more than two hundred distinct bones. An amount of blood equal to the quantity in the body passes through the heart every minute. The full capacity of the lungs is about three hundred and twenty cubic inches. About two-thirds of a pint of air is inhaled and exhausted at each breath in ordinary respiration. The stomach daily produces nine pounds of gastric juice for digestion of food; its capacity is about five pints. There are more than five hundred sep? arate muscles in the body with an equal number of nerves and blood vessels. The weight of the heart is from eight to twelve ounces. It beats one hundred thousand times in 24 hours. Each perspiration duct is one-fourth of an inch in length, which will make the aggregate length of the whole about nine miles. The average man takes five and one half pounds of food each day, which amounts to one ton of solid nourishment annually. A man breathes eighteen times a min? ute, and three thousand cubic feet, or about three hundred and seventy-five hogheads of air per hour. ? Our townsman Mr. C. L. Reid, had tho misfortune to be painfully injured on the 16th inst. He with his little son were seated in a wagon drawn by a mule. The mule ran away and threw Mr. Reid and his little son out of the wagon, in? flicting severe wounds and bruises about their persons. Fortunately no bones were broken.?Keoicee Courier. ARP AND THE NEGRO. Ife Believes In tho Growing Tower of the Race. I was riding along on the railroad the other day, when we stopped at a station and a colored "scurehion" got on and settled down all around me. They were well dressed and well behaved, but when the conductor came along after tickets two of them had no tickets and no money. He stopped the train in the woods and put them off. I was sorry for the rascals, for they did want to go so bad. I asked some of the crowd why they dident lend them some money, and they showed their pearly teeth and said: "We knows dem niggers; dcy nebber pay back. Dem nigger's like a broke bank?dey owes everybody now. Dey just tryin' to slip and slide along, tink de conductor no find 'em. You know, boss, dar is always some sheep among de goats." Well, there are, and sometimes I think the darky expressed it right, though he dident mean it. There are a 1 power of goats in this sublunary world, j and if it was not for a few sheep scatter? ed, society and law and order would be in a bad fix. But I like the nigger. I like ' im better than I did ten years ago. I can look back and remember what he was soon after the war, and I am satisfied he is improving. He works better and is more respectful. He has almost quit politics and settled down to his natural condition. I don't know so well about the towns and cities, but the country niggers are doing very well where they are mixed up with white folks in the right proportion. Mo3t all negroes are good natured, and love to depend on the white man, but the white man must treat them iairly and kindly, and act like he was not only a master but a friend. The negro is conscious of his inferiority and is content with it. He likes a man who orders him around in a dignified way better than a man who puts himself on an equality with him. The white man was born to command and the negro knows it. The white man ranks him, and rank is a thing recognized and sub? mitted to everywhere, and has been in all ages, and it is right. Rank is ,the safeguard ol the social circle. I rank some folks and some folks rank me, and we are all happier and feel more at ease in our circles than in those above us. I was once invited to a party in a fashion? able city, and there were distinguished gentlemen there and splendid ladies, and I put on my very best behavior, and after while a lady friend called me out on the varandah and laugingly told me that the hostess, a lovely and accomplished lady, said to her: "Oh, my dear, I do feel so much relieved, for I dident know Mr. Arp and was afraid he was rough and common, and wouldent know how to behave in thts elegant company, but I find him to be a perfect gentleman." You see they ranked me and I knew it, but I came out pretty well. When I told Mrs. Arp about it she said: "Well, I dont wonder at it, for you write so much foolishness the people who dont know us think we are all crackers." Then she looked away off, and added: "But I dont care. I know what you are, and it's nobody's business. We can have gentle? men here as well as there. Some folks dont know a gentleman when they see him." "But you do, my dear," said I. "You always did. You had that knowl? edge away back yonder, and that is the reason you-" "Never mind that now," said she; "that will do. The best o? us are mis? taken sometimes." And she resumed her work. The negro is a good invention, and he will continue to be good as long as he is a negro. When they try to set him up with a hifalutin education and make a white man of him, he becomes a new creature and a public nuisance. The colored colleges are turning out a smart set every year, but where are they and what are they doing. The men are vaga? bonds, and the women are?well, ask anybody who knows. A man said to me not long ago that the fact that the negro was capable of a high order of education was proof enough that they ought to have it. There was an educated hoc exhibited in Rome some years ago, and he could spell your name with cards, and tell the time of day on a watch. So I suppose we ought to set up all the hogs iu a school house. Now, the negro is a distinct creation of the Almighty, and has original traits and instincts as all the mixed nations have. He loves the present good, and has no morbid desire to accumulate riches. Unlike the white man he rarely cheats or swindles anybody. Cheating, swind? ling, overreaching, deceiving is the sin of our race?the foundation of all the civil suits in our courts?but the negroes dont do it. They are more sinning against than sinning in that regard. The white man will steal on a large scale if he i3 mean enough to steal at all. The more he gets the better satisfied he is. But tho negro wont. He wouldent rob a bank. If he found a pocketbook with a big roll of money in it he would take it to some white man; but ho will pick up little things like a chicken, or a bushel of corn, or a dollar, or a breastpin with a serene and peaceful conscience. Small pilfering is the extent of his capacity and the extent of his inclination. When my darky finds a hen's nest and brings me half the eggs I thank him. When our cook hides away a little flour Mrs. Arp shuts her eyes and says nothing, for it hurts their feelings so bad to be accus? ed when they are guilty. But for hard work, contented work, humble wort, who could take their places on the farms and on the drays, and the steamboats and the railroads? Who would do the white man's bidding with so little murmuring and so much cheer? fulness ? The negro isstiil an important factor in our southern homes and south? ern industries, and I hope he will remain. He is grafted on to the southern tree. Other nations have been transplanted, and live and prosper. The Jews, like the missletoe, fasten and feed upon every tree, but they have preserved their hab? its, their religion and their nationality. Then let the Hegro alone. My faith is that a wise Providence will take care of him and of us. Bill Aep. Tho First Electric Road. Cleveland, Ohio, July 27.?Tho first electric railroad for public uae in Amer? ica went into operation in this city yes? terday in connection with the East Cleveland Street Railroad Company, who have just completed a mile of electric road. The experiment was so successful that the company expect to change their entire system, comprising over twenty miles, into electric ro: 3. The system used was a combination of the Brush and Knight and Bentley systems, and the current was carried on underground conductors laid in conduits like those of the cable roads. The cars were started, stopped and reversed with the greatest ease. Any number of care up to fifteen can be run at a time on a single circuit and from one machine, which is a result not attained by any of the European systems now in operation.