Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page. It is also available as plain text as well as XML.

BY E. B. MURRAY ?fe CO. ANDERSON, S. C., THURSDAY MORNING, MARCH 6, 1884. VOLUME XIX.-NO. ?U IWOMM m Ul IHK FIBST WAYSIDE HOSPITAL. lits I th 3f*?j of Columbia, S. C., in Churla lon Weekly New?. I >ti ri MK tin-Hummer of 1801, just after lie battle of Manassaa, when tho hearts f Southern women of all ages were fired .?ll, that /eal f?>r tbe Confederate causo '.1,1(1, lus rtevcr flagged, h party of young iris iu Columbia, f>. C., determined to re what they could do t:i help the sol ?er*. They therefore made a call brough tho papera of the oily to all the oiing Indies of thc community, asking Lcm m meet at a certain time and place order to consult together, lay plans lijdeviie Scheines for work-. The meet us was a grund success. A large Hum er ol girls responded to ibo call, a uciety was formed, olliccrs were elected, ninniittt'cs were appointed, and all the ?rreuionies ol organization gone through ?th tho skill ol veterans. ?Oililciitti in Hf?,lb?days that are u.> wore." What memories' are recalled of laugh r and fun, of sighs and tears, of sobs id agony as ono of ihn officers of the lietv then formed-"Tue Young La ie-?' Hospital Association" - looks Jiirough ber books to-night, and runs ver tbe names of the young girls who rilli lull hearts and earnest faces enrolled Jlieir names that summer afternoon, nor children ! their hands were ununed > labor, but willing minds made up for Keir lack of skill, and it was wonderful ow soon they learned to out out and take up homespun shirts, knit socks, S,-.!! bandages, tic, and before long many ""i box of substantii I comforts was sent lo lie boys in the army from the girls at nano. The meetings of the association were K?li atteuded and kept up regularly. S'rue tbcre was perhaps a Inck of parlia mentary usage in the conduct of the issemb?y ; their was, it must be confessed, i tendency manifested by nil tho nieni lers to speak at once when there was a lueslion to be decided, and even the ?resident herself instead of maintaining lie dignity of the chair and preserving rdcr would join in the general clamor, bile occasionally a nervous giggle would bock the conclave and prove that in all ?ines and circumstances "girls will be iris." Many a sober matron with likening Lair will recall the time ?hon 8?ie secretary and treasurer was called pon to read her first report, how she rued ber back upon the audieuce, and that posilion alone could be prevailed pnn to read aloud. Pity thc benighted iris of 'Gi, advanced young women of e present day ! They had scarcely er even heard of an emancipated wo lli, and n female lecturer or public ailer was beyond their powers of imagi ation. gm: FIRST PRACTICAL STEP TAKEN. During the wiuterof 18G1-2 the imm er of soldiers coining home sick and rounded began to be considerable. Of en for want of connection between the nonning and outgoing trains, the poor illowa would be obliged to remain in !ulumbia for hours and sometimes a day nd night, and as they had little money liey would frequently auder for want of )dging and lack of attention. Some idies of the city resolved to meet the rains as they arrived from Virginia, nnd linister as best they could to the needs f the suflering men. But there was no rganiz?d plan, consequently on some ccasions one man would be entirely verlookcd, while another would come ear sharing tlie fate of tbe complaisant ?5eio who meekly submitted to Isaving j T?a face washed by seventeen enthusiastic oluuteer nursee. A clergyman of Columbia, who waa in ?lie habit of meeting the trains to afford ny assisi ance.i u bis power to the airiv ng soldiers, called the attention of some ? the members of the Young Ladies' Iospital Association to this state of Hairs, and suggested to them the propri ty of applying some of their funds to rrangiug a room at the Charlotte depot br the refreshment of the weary and rounded men. The idea Beemcd to them good one, and the suggestion was im lediately acted upon. An empty room as secured from the authorities of the ailroad, and il was put io order. Though thc furniture of this little oom was scarcely more luxurious than hat of the "Prophet's Chamber," the dace was ambitiously styled "THE SOLDIER'S REST," nd for a few dayB its scanty accomtno ations proved to be a comfort to many cary passers-by. It was soon found, owever, that the need for a resting place jr the passing soldiers was greater than t first supposed, and aa it was necer-sary r them to bo transported across the wn in order to reach the other trains, waa concluded to transfer The Soldier's {est to the depot whence they could be ?ut upon the cars as soon as they had heir wounds dressed and a night's lodg rig and been made comfortable for their niirney. But the affair had now assum d dimensions far beyond anything that ls originators bad ever dreamed of, and he older heads, to whom the girls of the Toung Ladies' Hospital Araocintion fere accustomed to defer, though; it best g> take mattera into their own hands. ffbere was grim work lo be done, ghastly nghts to be seen, horrors to oe endured, nd the wiser and more experienced ones fnderly wished to spare the young t'arta, already becoming too familiar jlh sorrow, everything which it was in ieir power to do. The Soldier's liest as then changed into the Wayside onie or Hospital, us it waa afterwards '.led, and the charge of it assumed by a itnmittee of ladies, assisted by some ^ntlemcD, whom age or duty kept out the army, leaving to the girls, Gen. P. 'd, "the esthetics of the Hospital." HOW, THE SYSTEM HAS SPREAD. tSuch waa the small beginning of the ?lu m bin. Wayside Hospital, the first of e kind in the world. An extract from n address of Dr. John T. Darby, sur jo.? C. 8. A., before the South Ca roi inn ledlcal Association, held in Charleston April, 1873, will show part of the Jiitcome of the work of these Columbia ?iris. Speaking of the ameliorations of t>odem warfare, Dr. Darby Bays : "Ou pe route from the army to the g<nnral "ipilal wounds .ire dressed and the Idlers refreshed at wayside homes ; and ere, be it said with justice and pride, (mt the credit of originating Ibis system . due io Ihe women of South Carolina. ? a small roora in the capital of ibis late, the first Wa: Mde Home was fouu ed; and duri , . lue war some aeventy ve thousand . Didiers were relieved by j ?ving their wounds d reseed, their ail ?lents attended, and very frequently by f'ng clothed, through the patriotic soi Kees and good offices of a few untiring uics in Columbia. From this little ?deua spread that grand system of . sjBide Hospitals which was establish 1 during our own and the late European *!?; and it ia beautiful to see and know 'at though implements of war are made '"re and nior?e effective for the destruc ?u of life, ihe progress and surgery in avance, on higher ground?, gives com iori ana rc-tores health to the servant in arms who lias suffered for his country " Ul course the girls were very indie nant, nt first, at their work being taken out of their hands. "What ?re the es thetics of a hospital, we would llike to koow they cried ; but they soon discov ered how much they might do to soften and cheer the soldier's journey, and they became quito pacified when they found that they were to be allowed to'accompa ny the older ladies in their daily visits to the Wayside. The plan of operations was very sim p e. lbs same clergyman who had first observed the need of a resting place would meet the train RS it came tn from Virginia, and direct the soldiers to the Wayside Home, transportation being furnished at first by private means and afterwards, ns the demand became great er, by the central committee for the soldiers' relief. ll BARTH E N DJ NC, SCENES. Sometimes tho scenes on Blandine i-treet, through which the wagons Dawsed to convey the passengers to thc Wavside would be heartrending. Altera battle' one would see a forest of crutches pro truding from one wagon ami a party of bandaged men in another ; then the am bulances woul ! pass, bearing those too ill to eudure the drive in the wagon, and more mournful still, the carts carrying the rough boxes which contain ed the bodies of the slain. Tho writer can never forget once meeting the clergy, niau who had been receiving the incom ing guests of ibo Wayside, and saying to bim : "I have just sceu a harrowing spectacle-two boxes in a cart, one upon the other ; nor the look in his face as he replied: "I have just left the father of tbe two young men whose bodies aro in those boxe?. The body of bia ihird boy could not be found at all. Ile is taking these home to their musher/' At Ihe Wayside the soldier* would be met by a committee of ladies with proper assistants, and after they had beeu re freshed by a bath, and often had a change of.clothing and their wouuds dressed, they would be furnished with a comfortable supper, a night's lodging and breakfast the next morning. Here the work of the girl" came in. They wero allowed to lay the table, prepare the coffee and serve tho soldiers at their meals. Sometimes they would be per mitted to go with one of the older Indies and carry a meal to the cot of an ill man. The out-goiug trains from Colum- ' bia then left at a very early hour in the morning, but never through the whole existence of tho Wayside Hospital did these women and girls fail to be at their post ; through winter's cold and rain, or summer's heat and dust, there were they found, ready to welcome the wayworn soldier and cheer bim on his way. There was scarcely one of these women who was not actively engaged during the other bonis of the day in some other hospital of the town or in Bonie work for the aid of the army. In order to give the actual facts of the work of the Way side Hospital, we present an account furnished by one ol the officers of tho executive committee. A RECOUD OF THE WORK. The Wayside Hospital at Columbia, S. C.. was established March 10th, 1862, and continued until February 16th, 1865. The executive committee consisted of five ladies. Visiting committees were appointed each day. These were assisted by gentlemen, and when necessary by physicians. This House was begun in a single room, but additions were speedily made and before ibo close of ihe second year the Home contained nine rooms be side . piazzas and bathing room, water a? well as gas being earned through the building. Over one hundred soldiers were often accommodated with cots and three hundred with their meals per day, chiefly supper and breakfast, SB they were usually furloughed sick and wound ed soldiers passing to their homes. The second year it was thought expedient to ask the Government for a surgeon and hospital steward, which request was ? granted-a matron being engaged by the ladies. The Home was entirely suppor ted by voluntary contributions from all parts of the State, but the ladies were allowed to purchase stores from thc com missaries at Government rat?s. Soldiers detained by sickness nud want of connec tion in the trains had religious services from ministers of the different religious 1 denominations. Th:; number of soldiers entertained in this Home during its ex istence of nearly three years was about Beventy-five thousand. Arter tho 17th of February, 1865, when '.he Homo could no longer be used large numbers of sol diers received food and aceon. ac dations when they were passing through Colum bia, from the Wayside Home committee. Funds belonging to the Wayside Home were sent to the upper districts as long as they were available during the Spring of 1865, benefiting in that way many soldiers returning to their bornes. PATHETIC AND HUMOROUS INCIDENTS. Like al! other hospitals ihe WsysiJe bad its varied incidents, pathetic and humorous. Ono morning ns the men we..1 boarding the up-country trains, yells, shrieks and howls were heard. Everybody rushed to see what caused the disturbance. "Oh 1" said one of the sol diers, "it's jiet Jim Bumgarner, and he's jest been a cullin' up that way ever since we left Virginia," and there, on a "stretcher," was a man being put into the car. "Ab 1" observed the doctor, "no wonder he yells at being put through the car door, cut to pieces as he is." But in a moment there was a bright, ihougb pale, thin face at the car window, and a merry voice crying out: "Hurrah for the Columbia indies I Hurrah for Jeff Davis ! Good bye, ladies 1" and off went Jim Bumgarner to his homo in North Carolina. Gue morning there was a man to ill that it was thought it would be a risk for him to attempt to t-avol, and thesurgeon told the ladies they bsd better persuade him to stay a day or two longer. So in went the ladies to his cot to advise him to remain, but it was of no use. The poor fellow had been shot in the mouth, so his replies were of the most laconic Dear, motherly Mrs. B. would persua sively say : "Ob, you are much too weak to travel ; stay, aud let us nurse you a day or two." "I'm agwinel" responded the man. Then gentle Mrs. F. would try. "Do stay at least 'till to morrow : you will be so much better able to travel then-" 4 I'm agwinel" Finally bright Mrs. M. undertook tbe case ; but to all came the same unvarying "I'm a gwine I" and as no one bad authority to keep bim, go be did, and, let us hope, reached in safety his longed-for haven. A SOLDIER'S FAITH. Another incident is copied from a com munication to one of the papers of the day : "After I hsd ministered to sever al of the wouuded I drew near the cot of one whose case was considered one of the worst there, but who appeared since bis wounds had been dressed and refresh ments administered to bim much relieved. After conversing with bim some time he asked my name. I told bim, and said that I was the wife of the gentleman who bad been just giving him his break fast, for he had to be fu? like an infant. I told him, moreover, that the gentleman was a preacher-a Methodist preacher. 'I am a member of the Methodist Church,' said he, 'and would he be kind enough to pray for me? for it is long since I have heard a prayer.' Alter the prayer was ended the subject of religion continued to be our theme. He said ho was ouite resigned to Cod's will concerning him, and that he was not afraid to ?lie ; and while dwelling on the goodness of God his countenance assumed the serene and beautiful expression indicative of peaco within and joy in the Holy Ghost. Well was it for bira that he had strength from on High and that the everlasting arms of God'B love were about him, for in a few hours from tho time of our con versation it was found that ampo.at iou of bia arm would be necessary, from which he suffered excruciatingly until death came to his relief. But all the time of his mortal agony his faith re mained firm and unshaken, and he pillowed his sinking head on the bosom of Jesus and 'breathed his life out sweet ly there,' while to all around witnessing a good confession of Christ's power to snve to the uttermost all who put their trust in Him. The name of this young man was H. F. Hays, of the 45th Geor gia Regiment.'1 Uno morning the ladies noticed a pine box, covered with flowers, being careful ly put upon the train by some gentlemen, in answer to the inquiry, whose remains were iu the box ? Dr. G. replied: "In that box lies the body of a young man whose family anted".*es tho Bourbons in France. He was the last Count do Cholseul and he has died for the South." ; Let his memory bo held io perpetual re membrance by all who love the South and revere her past ! i THE PROTEOS OF THE HOM1 . But an account of the Wayside Home 1 would be even moro incornplc'e tLau the writer nf this fears this one will ho with- j out some notice of ita protege, Jimmy Mattbewes. Ono Suuday among the ? number of sick and wounded who came ? in from Virginia was a miserable, emaci ated, childish-looking boy,* who appeared to be about ll years old, but who said be was really 13. He bad been badly wounded and was BO exhausted that it was found he was unable to travel, and tho surgeon decided it was best for him to remain at the Wayside for a day or two. The ladies soon became deeply in terested in the pitiful looking little ob ject, and their hearts were moro than ever moved when they learned bis sad story. He and an older brother were the only two left of a family of Irish emi grants who had como lo America and settled in Georgia when Jimmy was a baby. Tho two brothers were living on ? farm with a family in Georgia, and when the war began the older brother enlisted, and Jimmy, as he said, "went along loo." The older brother was killed ir, battle, and Jimmy was left alone in the world, with a Yankee bullet in his feeble body. He did not have an idea where to go, as he heard the family in Georgia who had employed his brother had been forced to leave their home. It did uot take the Indies of the Wayside long lo decide to adopt Jimmy, the girls undertaking to clothe him. The little fellow was removed to a pri vate hospital in the town, where he WSB nursed with tenderest care by bis guar dians. The ball was extracted, and after weeks of suffering he began to mend, and it was good to see the look of rest and satisfaction which settled on his small, weary, pinched face. Theo, best of all, Jimmy was taught the way to the Saviour, and he received holy baptism, two of the wayside ladies standing as his sponsors. After a while it was thought ir--' by Jimmy's guardians that he should be put under the discipline of a boarding school, and he was kindly received on most generous terms by Mr. O. T. Por cher ut bia excellent school in Abbeville. Thin poor little waif, however, manifes ted no liking fur study, and the duties of school proved very irksome to him after the freedom of the camp life. It was judged, too, that a farm life would be better for bis health, and he was then taken by Hon. John Townsend to Jus home on Edisto Island, where he was given light employment and the most kind and judicious treatment. His con stitution had, however, never recovered from the shock of the severe wound, and he died at Edisto before he was grown, surrounded by gentle friends and gracious influences. THE MORALE OF THE SOIJDIEKS. There can be no better way of judging of the morale of au army than by the conduct of its men when off duty and ii", "y from the surveillance nf their offi cers. Our men stood this test nobly. A lady who was almost daily at the Way side during the whole time of its exis tence isaya : "I must have been brought into contact with thousands of men and certainly conversed with hundreds. Among all these I remember seeing one drunken man, and he was so slightly in toxicated that the only manifestation of his condition was an insane desire to present one of the young ladies present with a handsome black plume he was sporting ip his bat, which desire was communicated to the matron of the hos pital in energetic terms, and most Crom pt ly by ber suppressed. I never eard one oath or one coarse expression. ? never heard a sentiment of disioyauy or d?3??tt?f?cl??u. I ne ?er heard ?doubt thrown upon the right of our cause or a regret that the war had been begun. I never saw one man. however wasted by disease or disabled by wounds, whose chief desire did not seem to be to recover as speedily as possible so that be might be back at his place in the field again ; and while I encountered many illiterate, rough and uncouth men I never met one who failed in that courtesy which every Southern man, however humble his sta tion, instinctively accords to woman hood." ? SAD CONTRAST. Another of these Wayside visitors says, "I stood on the morning of the 17th of February, 1866, where I could see Sherman's army enter Columbia. I can best give you an idea of the vast numbers of the mighty host by telling you that I counted twelve bands of music pass by playing at full blast, and yet they were at such a distance from each other that the music of the one had died away before that of another reached my ears. They were a strong, healthy, W? ll-fed looking set of men. There was net a broken shoe or a ragged elbow ar jong them. When I looked upon these and contrasted with them the pallid, hungry, ill-clad men I had been asocia ted with for so long and thought of the thin garments, Uttered blankets and scanty rrtions of the few men I had seen leave Columbia a few hours before, and reflected on the unequal struggle that fer near' four years had been going on, th* proud tears rained down from my eye? aa I prayed God to make me worthy to be the countrywoman of such heroes." "Let as thank tb? 7?ora ot Glory Such as thee? hara lived and Jlcd." - Tho cotton mills of South Carolina employ 4,500 persona, and fae value of the product ls placed at $6,000,000. - What do we life for if it is uot to make life less di iii cu lt for others? Mr. Tlldcu's Viens. A Tribune reporter called yesterday ott General J. B. Gordon, formerly United States senator from Georgia, now Presi dent of the International Railroad and Steamship Company, of Florida, at his oflico in the Bryant building, to inquire about the truth of published reports of a vinit recently paid by him to Samuel J. Tilden. General Gordon said : "I saw an editorial note in this morn ing's World but do uot know its source." The reporter then showed the General a note in tho Cleveland Iferafd, stating that he had called on Mr. Tilden, who had expressly refused to allow the use of his name for President, but had said that lie thought Mr. Payne could be elected for three reasons: First, thal ho had been right on all the public questions that had divided the country in the past twenty years ; second, because his nomi uation would not frighten business men ; and, lastly, because ho had tho ability to conduct the canvass and the necessary means for legitimate expenses, General Cordon then said : "It is in the main a truthful repr?sen tation. Up to this time I should not have felt at liberty to talk at all in refer ence lo any suggestions made liv Mr. Tilden lo me, although he did not enjoin confidence. I do not know how this report came lo be mace. It was certain ly not through me. I feel greater liberty to speak now, only because nf thc (act that Mr. Payne has been formally with? drawn from the canvass by the emphatic statement of bis son, Colonel Payne. "It is true that I did recently call on Mr. Tilden, whom I had not seen for ri?me time. I waa rather gratified lo find, too, in spite of r -ports, that his physical strength was greater than I had antici pated, although ho is very fe?ble. I did not, however, find any material change, HI far as my observation went, in his physical condition, since ray last visit to iiim several years ago. Possibly his voice is somewhat weaker. Of one thing, however, I was fully satisfied. That is '.hat his uieotal vigor has not lessened, nor did I discover any nbatement in the profound interest he feels in public ?flairs. I introduced the conversation with Mr. Tilden by telling him 1 had not called through any idle curiosity or mere ly to pay my personal respects to him, However glad I was to do that ; but that I bad called because of a very profound conviction on my rr'nd that bo under wood more thorough,/ than any mau in .ho democratic party the necessity of miking no mistake, either in platform or candidate, for the coming campaign, and .hat hin opinion would not only be very potential in shaping tho policy of the party, but that, in my judgment, the suc cess of the parly in the canvass depend ed largely upon having not only bis ear icst co-operation, but the benefit also of Iiis prudent counsel. I staled to bim that [ thought I was entitled to his confidence, ind begged him to consider my visit as a .eui search after ?? rmation that might 30 of service to . of the democratic party in 1 o bad been in a .nibil fo ling to bim as a lafe ano wir General Goruv. irked thal his ob ed was to put t. s conversation on so ligh a plane as to draw out from Mr. j Tilden bis real convictions aud wishes JO th as tn himself and as to candidates ! iud platform. Continuing, ibo General J laid : "I first asked Mr. Tilden whether it would be possible for Ibo party to induce i bim, notwithstanding his physical oin- j Inion, to undertake the campaign, if be should be tendered the nomination, i . coupled this inquiry with an expression jf my earnest hope that he would con tent.' He replied, after some hesitation, lhat he "ii id not think the parly ought to . isk bim to make the sacrifice which he ' would be obliged to make of bis health ' ind possibly his life, but that he would be ready to give both ii be believed it iv ai, at all essential for thc welfare of! :!ie country. When he was a candidate before, be said, he held in view, and ' ihould have in view now if it was possi- j ble for him lo be a candidate again, one ind only ono great purpose, which would bo comprehended in the general term \ reform ; Hint lo nsk him to undertake ' this reform which was equivalent to Dnlisting for five years' ?ervice, and that, loo, in a cause in which he could not enlist without giving to it bis whole time and thought, but for thc success of which bo could not hope without a vast deai more of physical strength than he pos sessed. With various other explanatory remarks, he finally added with absolute Bmphasis and great decision : 'No, I cannot bo a candidate, and would not accept if the nomination were tendered ron.' I then said to him: 'If that is your decision and it is irreversible, the next thing is for me to inquire what, in your judgment, ought to be the platform of the democratic party and who should be the nominee ?' "It would require too much time to go over Mr. Tilden'a conversation, but it may be summed up in a few words. As to plstform, be was clearly of the opio- ? ?un that the party should have made its j campaign luis year wholly one of an j aggressive warfare upon tue record of the party in power, in which Mr. Tilden ? ?Deluded all that bad been charged against the record of the republican party, especially that portion which had been termed the conuptions, without, discussing at all the menls of the tariff issue. I understood bim (and I think I did net misunderstand bim) to express ao entire dissent (rom the policy of mak ing that the issue in the campaign. I do not remember that Mr. Tilden ex pressed any opinion as lo what in his judgment was the true policy of tbe government in reference to the question cf tariff, tbe point under discussion be tween us being confined wholly to the probability of success in the campaign and not tu the merila cf any special S;overnmental politics. I next asked bim or bia opinion os to the availability of candidates. His first remark was that be was as much at sea as I myself wau, and that he was afraid to advise the party for fear he might mislead them. To this I replied that it seemed to me a duty he owed to the party to express freely an opinion, if be bad one, on that subject. To tbis he replied that he would not hesitate to express an opinion if he bad a well defined one. "In order to draw bim out, I mention ed quite a number of sames which had been suggested, upon ali of which he commented freely. I cannot now recall the exact drift of bis conversation in this connection further than to give you the impression left upon my mind. His opinions evidently tended to one point -the absolute necessity of carrying New York if tbe democratic party hoped for su?cess. As to who could carry New York, he expressed a good deal of doubt, raentioniagMr. Randall,Governor Cleve land, Mr. Flower, (Senator Bayard and alf. Payne. His general remark was that they were all good men and that any of them would be satisfactory to bim. But the sum and substance of his ulk convinced me that bo was clearly of the opinion that if Mr. Payne could be in duced to accept the nomination, he would be the strongest candidate the democracy could select. He was, however, very emphatic in expressing the belief that Mr. Payne would not consent to run. Hut ho snid that Mr. Payne's record in public life was so pure, that ho commun dtd so entirely the coutidence of thc business public, without which clement tho party could uot hopo for vuccess, that, in bia judgment, tho .Senator-elect from Ohio could certainly carry New York and secure tho triumph of the democratic party in the coming national election."-New Vori Tribune. Thriving by Industry. A correspondent of the Yorkville Kn juircr, writing from Cromwell, Connecti cut, gives the following sketch of "Yan kee Industry," which our people would Jo well to read, ponder and imitate: The coming of more pleasant weather exhibits to us still moro of tho industry which characterizes New Englanders. Everybody works. In the homes we find most of the ladies doing all their awn domestic work. Gentlemen of means ns well as those without, may be met with their dinner buckets as they hurry to their places in the factory, the luarry, at the beach, or in (he field, and I have seen fewer idlers and tramps han I have ever seen elsewhere. Tho young ladies are not ashamed to work, ind culler no compromise of (heir charac ters or respectability, by making an hon ; ?. support for themselves. Here, too, here is industry in saving as well as in Qiaking. The practical demonstration >f the trite axiom, "take care of tho pen lies and tho dimes will lake care of themselves," may bc seen ho?e. Tbs penny enters largely into all commercial rausactions, and not infrequently cutera he contribution pl?tes of the churches, [f sugar is fifteen cents a pound, a half >ouml is seven or eight ccnls, and uot en ; aud when tho little fellow draws ou dapa's treasury for tho wherewithal to lurehnse candy, a penny is given, aud it leenis that the child hero thinks as much if one "penuy" as tho averago South karolina boy thinks of "a niello." This ndustry and economy would be fine :apital in the South, where I have often leard the remark, "Northerners would ive 011 what is thrown away by tho Southerners." It seems to have been bc outgrowth of about three causes, viz : Sharp competition in nil brauchen of Msiness, the necesnity for each one to vorh in order that ho may live, and the greatest cost of living here. These ill ustrious people find employment in the actorics which characterize this pnrliou ?f the North. Here in our town ol' about eventeen hundred inhabit:.nts wo have i large establishment, which contributes o the happiness of the little folks, I am , old, all over the United Slates, and .vcu across the great deep, by the man lfacture of all styles of iron toys. Em doy ment is given tn at least one hundred neu and women. Their agent is to Bail ( n a few days for the promotion of the msiness in Europe. There is also located 1?re the Cromwell Plate Co., mauufac- . urers of electro silver plated ware, which mploys about fifty men and does a busi- ( tess of about fifty thousand dollars a \ 'ear. Through the kindness of one of j he employees I have enjoyed a lour | brough the factory. Commencing in , he moulding department, where Ihe fire, j ntimony aud copper are compounded ( o form Britannia, of which their goods TO made; then lo the ponderous piesses rhicb take advantage of the malleability , if the metal, and transform the blocks : if several itiches thickness to sheets as bia as desired ; then to the spinning ? lepar Intent, where the circular fiat plate , s shaped to order; then to the Kolderera, there the parts are put together ; from ? he solderers to'the plating room, where j ?lectricity is employed to aid the Urban- ? tia as it appropriates to itself the pre- , ious metal from the bars ; then to the j ngravers and burnishers-by band and , aacbincry-where wo begiu to see mo {feet of so much labor, as we behold tho ; icautiful, bright castors, icc pitchers, < ake-bnsketa, butter-dishes, &c. At last re have completed the circuit in the j lacking room, where the goods are made ( cady for shipment to all parts of the | Juion, and where we begin to lose our onviction that the price of such ware j ins always been exorbitant. It costs not , , little to make the attractive silver- j .lated butter-dish, which ornaments j ur table, from the metals in their orig nal slate. ; Tho Spindle In the Soul h. The Rosto? EconomUt drews the fol owing contrast between the cotton mill- i ng business in tho South and in Massa husetta : "The establishment of mills for the nanufacture of cotton goods in the southern States bas been attended with uch marked success generally as to at ract the attention of economists every where. One of the largest mill* in the louth, and perhaps in tho country, is the ?agle and Pocnix, of Columbus, Ga. lu i year when Massachusetts mills were educing wages and resorting to all trim nine experiments to make ends meet, be Eagle and Pheonix bas justdectared i dividend of 8 per cent, on an invested .apital of $1,260,000. The mill had ex raordioary expenses during the year, ?urchasiog additional river property, miking new dams, rebuilding flumes, fcc. Notwithstanding all this, its net arnings for distribution to stockholders rere $93,000. Since 1867, when the mill ompany was reorganized, it has paid [ (1,870,000 cash dividends, and built out if its earnings besides a mill which cost .1,000,000, and it has a large surplus on land. It is now proponed to build an dd i lion al mill at a cost of $1,000,000. The uew King Mill in Augusta, which ost $1,000,000, is doing a highly profita ile business, and a new mill is under onstruction in Griffin. One feature in ho business in the South is that strikes ire unheard of. The operatives in Augus a and Columbus are contented with their ot, investing in small homes and educat ng their children." Here is another item which may ap iropriately be added to those given by be EconomUt : "The Saluda Cotton Factory of Grecn ille, South Carolina, has made a large ind valuable contract with a Boston firm or furnishing them with yams until text January. New England yarns were iflered at one fourth of a cent lower, but he superior quality of the South Caro ma yarns commanded the contract." - Bismarck bas been chief of the 'russian Ministry since 1802, and bas ?en for twenty-two years more than any (her prime minister in Europe, a verita ile ruler. His retirement from the min Btry is, therefore,'a notable event. His irnbable successor. Count Von Halzfeidt Vi Idenburg, bas been for some yeats forman Minister of foreign affairs, and . Ion Boetticber. who goes with him to I bo Prussian cabinet, bas been the "Kop-1 esentative of the chancellor" in the im- ! lerial cabinet or group of councillors, j "hese changes would indicate that BU narck is to retain his influence. Von ?uttkamer, the vice-President ot the 'russian council of ministers, has held hat place ainC3 1882, and has been a aember of the cabinet since 1879. 11KTSY HAMILTON'S LETTER. u.'ti.y Tell* ?r Uar School Day*. A tilinta OtnttUution, DEAR COUSIN : Ono cold winter night long time ago, we'uns was all a seltiu' i on ml the fire roasliu' sweet taters to eat longer id m mon beer ; and Pap he 'lowed, says he, "Maw." "What," says she. "LT it takes the last bottom dollar," says be, "I'm gwino to gin Betsy a little book larnin'." "'Taint no use," says she. "You'd better lay out your money for vittles and clothes. Eddicution ia the ruination of sumo folks. Let 'em git a little Binntlerin' of books, and they haint litten for nothin' else on thc face of tho yeth. You've got that gal spiled to death uow." He was sorter light that night, and Maw she's niters mad when he's a diiukin*. Jist then tho dogs barked anil somebody hollered and axed lo stay all night, and it was tho now teacher, Mr. Westfield, a nuntin' up fcholnrs. He bargained longer Pap to do some carpen ters work for him, nud agreed to wait on him for t'other part of his pay, and soon Monday Pup bc son?, us all three to school, mo and buddy and sister Flurridy Ten nysy. Pap he went around tho settle ment and hope him make up hin school. Some wanted him and some didn't. You'd have to mnko a teacher and hand him down from thc skies to suit every body in this feulement ; and then some would find fault of him. Some 'lowed lie was two highfalutin and mought put big notions in tho chilluns' heads. Pap told 'cm hc*?i Letter put big notions as none at all for some of tho youngster* was a grow ur up monstrous empty beaded. Old Miss Freshours 'lowed she allers got along mighty well without books herself, and her chilluu could do the samo ; ihoy wasn't no better'u she was. , Well, sho waH right, they wasn't a bit better and wasn't likely to be. Old man Loftus 'lowed he'd send Jake and git bim , to Urn him how to liggor a little, so as to , keep folks from a cheatin' him ; but fur as his gals was consumed it would bojes < a throwin' money away for notbin'. Cials didn't need noschoolin' nohow. He , 'lowed he never had no suhoolin' in his , raisin', and bc didn't see bul he got along about UH well as your high lurnt geog'phy and graramarunry, grammarniele sort; he hud neuve enough to count all the . money he could make, and that was as , fur as he seed any uso in. Old Forman ? 'lowed bo wanted Malindy to go tel she , got a stifiilick to teach, so she could , make thu money back. Old Westfield , was a big, fat, red-faced, bald-headed, , old Irishman, good-hearted but tumble | high-tempered. Tho scholars was , ikeered of him as death. He'd jerk you , up in a minute, boys and gals too, and , wear a bickry out on you. ? It was Friday ovenin' and we gals had , been on the brauch and gol UB a big chaw of swee'gum, and wan jes a cbawin j bard as Our jaws could work, wbeu be , kn ..eked ou ibo door wilb his switch for \ "books," and wo flew in the house. Julie ( Dickerson haint satisfied lesson she's got , mmpen in her mouth. Sho cate chalk ( und Biato pencils, and drinks ink, aud t lier books allere looks liko the rats had , liad 'em whar she's nibbled oil' the cor- j tiers. She retched over ami begged UB for our swee'gum. "Pleuse gimme a uhaw," says she. "Mine's Bticky," says [. ''Wait tel I get the stretch berries in mine, and I'll gin you half of it," says Sindy Roberson. "Land mo yourn, j Ursuly Ann ; I'll gin it right back to pou at recess," says she. "I lent it tG , Becky Jaue ; you can chaw it awhile when she git? done chaffin' of it,:' Bay* j die. Aud we'uns was all a wbisperin' ( uni in u powerful gigglenient. I didn't ? know uni ry word of my big ?pei lin' lesson. y The boy? was a fiingin' paper balls at us .ind a look-in' t'other way like they ? hadn't done notbin'. A mouse run across > ibo floor, and the whole school got to gigglin'. Old Westfield stomped bis foot iud told us to bush aud git our lessons, [ky Hobe rann he made a dull out'n his pucket ban'kercber aud danced it on bis book and we gals snickered out loud ; then be said the fust ono laughed agin be 'lowed to make 'em staud 011 one foot. His bead's us bald as the pan of your baud, aud as Blick as a peeled ingon, and ive gals named bim "itigou-bead," but be never would er knowed it if it hadn't Et been for Julie Dickerson. I drawed bis pictur on my slate and passed it around. Things is a neap funnier in time o' books when you know you can't laugh. We all had our heads together wbisperin' and most choked to Hugh out. Julie ?he'heit in long as she could, aud then she snickered nud snorted out. He called her out in the middle of the floor Lo stand on one foot Iel she could tell what Bbe was a laughin' at. Sho didn't want to tell, so Bbe stood, and stood tel ibo couldn't keep t'other foot up no longer, and then she up and 'lowed : "Mr. Westfield?" "Well, what is it?" "Betsy Hamilton said-" and then she stopped and looked at mo and grinned, ana let her foot down. "Well, what did she say, and what were you laughin'at? Take up your foot. You might as well tell, for I'll make you Bland there on one foot nil day till you do tell," says old West field. Julie talks through ber nose and whines her words out long. 'Betsy Hamil-ton, she-" "Weil, what did Betsy Hamilton do?" "Betsy Hamilton sbe 'lowed-" (still lookin' at me like abe was skeereu to tell on me.) "Well, out with it-what did Betsy Hamilton say ?" The gals all begun to look ?keered, and I dodged behind my spellin'-book lo hide my face from Iky Roberson, for I wss sure she was a gwino to tell what I ?aid about Iky's years, sot nut on his head like be was a flappin' of 'em to fly ; and I knowed in reason he'd never want lo speak to me no more if she told that. "Out with it ; out with ir, ! can't wait any longer. What did Betsy Hamilton ?as?" "Why, Betsy Ilam-il-ton 'lowed as bow-'lowed as how-as how your bead looked like a-a-a ingon," and down come her to ?.her foot on the floor, and she tucked her head and snickered, and fothers all laughed too; and some of the boys jes yelled. My face turned red as a biled beet, and my spellin'-book was bottom up'ards. I nz from behind it and 'lowed : "I didn't." "Come here to me this minute," says he, "and tell me what you said. Como here, I tell yon." I kivered my face with my spellin' book, chawed my swee'gum fast, and .rent up to him. "Now, tell ms what you asia, or I'll wear you out. You keep ibat corner in a grin half you.- time. Fake thatgum out of your mouth. What was it ? Tell it 1 I know you must have mid something. I'll keep you in till dark or make you tell it Tell me the truth, and tell ft quick." He turned his aye towards a bickry stickln' in the crsck. "I never said your head looked like a ingon," says I. "Well, what did you tay? Tell it quick," (jerking down his bickry.) "I said your head looked like a-a liko a-peeled ingon ; that's what [ said," says I; and they all snickered igin, and the po' old man looked sorter tharne, and said: "You can take your teat now, hut if you hadn't told me the truth I would have thrashed you good." 'Yes, it is the ti ?.tb," says I, "but I never aimed for Julie to tell you.* I jist-" "Take your seat this minute 1" says he, a stompiu' of his foot ; and I tell you 1 sot down quick and played like I was a gettin' my spelliu' lesson in a hurry. Iky Roberson retched over aud whispered : "Ef that had a b airy uother gal in school old Westlieiu would er whuuped her Bhoro an' sartin." Alter a while I seed the po' old feilet ruu bin hand over the top of bis bead to see if it raily waa like a peeled ingon, aud turn bis face away to laugh. Then I felt mean about sayin' of it, aud wished I bad it back, but it was too late; and when 1 went homo I told Pap all about it and cried. Ho laughed powerful. "I wont you to let me stop the school," says I, "for old 'ingon-head' never will liko me no more." "Why, Bets, honey, you can't stop tho school ; hit wouldn't go on without you," says Pap, "but 1 rech?n you mought ns well stop swine for all the good you air a doit)'-a giglin' and a langhin und n gittin' of your spellin' lesson bollom up ards. Bi ebbe, honey, that's thc reason you got foot a Friday. You got your spellin' lesson lop down'ards. BETSY HAMILTON. What ls Wearing Apparel I WASHINGTON, April 7.-A question of considerable interest to travellers return ing from abroad, namely, what consti tutes wearing apparel in actual use which by law is exempted from duly, was de cided hy tho ?Supreme Court of the United .States to day in the case of Wil liwin Astor, plaintiir in error, against Edwin A. Merritt, collector in error to the United Slates Circuit Court for the Southern District of New York. The plaiuliiTiu error, a citizen of tho United States, arrived hom*; from a visit to Europo at tho end of September, with his family, by vessel, and brought with him wearing apparel bought abroad tor his and their u.e, to be worn here during ibo season then approaching, not exces sive in quantity for persons of their means, habits and station in life and their ordinary outfit for the wiuter. Part ol' the articles bad not been worn and julies were exacted on all thoBO articles. This Court holds that under Section 2,5')!) of tho llovised Statutes exempting from duty "wearing apparel in actual uso and other personal effects not mer chandise," tlie proper rule to be applied was to exempt from duly such articles as fulfilled the lollowing conditions : First, wearing apparel, owued by the passen ger and in a condition to be worn at ones without furl her . manufacture. Second, brought with him aa passenger uni intended for the uso or wear of bim io I f or bis family who accompanied him is passengers, and not for sale or pur chased or imported lor other persons or to be given away. Third, suilublo for the seasons of tho yosr which was im mediately approaching at tho time* of [he arrival ; and fourth, not exceeding in quantity, quality or value what the rmsBcnger was in the habit of ordinarily providing for himself nnd hin family at .hat time and keeping on hand for his ind their reasonable wants in view of their means, habits and station in life, wen though such nrticles had not been ictually worn. The judgment of the Circuit Court in therefore reversed and be cause remanded with instructions to iward a new trial. Opinion by Justice [Hatchford. Preaching and Practice. "See here, Mr. Blank, what are you going out for to-night?" ardced Mrs. B. -j i ttl a threatening look. "Big political meeting to night." apol ogetically explained Mr. B. "Political meeting, eh?" echoed Mrs. B. "You have been going to political nectinga every night fur five weeks, and f il had not Seen for me you would have vorn your boots to bed every night.'.' "Bat just think how nier? it would t f I thou ld get nominated for something? Think ot the loads of money I could 'ike in, and the nice furniture, and lew clothes anti sealskin sacques and-" "That will do," interrupted Mrs. B., 'I have heard that story before. You nade a speech last night at a wa-J meet ng, I see." "Yes," responded Mr. B. with pardon able pride. "And I see Ny two or three line notice hat the burden of your remarks wa9 the iffice should seek tho man and not tho nan an office". Now you just take oil that overcoat ; Bit right down and if auy iffice comes along and knocks I will let t in."-Philadelphia dall. Brisgisg: Kim io Taw. Two men were standing at the gate of ? country farm yard whittling sticks and riving ' ich other dots about managing women. "Talk sassy to 'em," the man >n the outside of tbs fence said ; "an re'll iee bow they'll be fotch down." Just then the cabin door opened, and a red headed, long necked woman y cf "Say, 'Zeke, ther flour's out!" "Out whar ?" he yelled back. "Outen ther bar'f," she answered. "Wall, put it back an' cover it up ighter," he replied, while the outside nan grinned. "Don't you Bee bow she's backed a' .eady?" he laughed, when ibo fiery top knot disappeared. "? does," spoke tbe elated victor Presently the same shrill voice cried : "'Zeke, I'se gw i ne over to mar's, an' sf ye think ther measles air ketchin', I'll leave ther baby byer." "Dunno whether they'* ketchin' er aot," replied the husbs^d. "I've never teed 'em ketch enythi g." Again the head was drawn back, amid inplause from the outside. The next lime the door opened the muzzle of a ihotgun was poked out, and a bead drawn in the saucy man. , "Zeke," came the solemn voice. "Melindy," he gasped, looking in vain for some ?dace to dodge. "Zeke," she continued, "ther flour's nit." "All rite, I'm off ter the mill at once," io answered sbiveringly. "Zeke, I'm gwine over to mar's fer a ?pell, d'ye think the measles is ketch n'?" . "No, Melindy, I seed pap ter day, an' ie seri the chilfunz wuz all well." "Kerrect," she said, lowering the gun, 'I'm off. Yo can sorter clean up the ilaco 'till I git hack, but be shore t~r stay naide while I'm gone." "All right," he answered meekly, mov ng aside to let her pass.-Atlanta Con' mutton, - A woman in Atlanta dreamed that 1er mother came to the side of her bed ind bade ber awake and get np. 8he did io, and found her room so full of coal gas bat she would have been dead in en tour had she continued asleep. The isme night a man in Vam ville dreamed hnt he saw his mother-in-law looking at lim over the- foot of the bed, and he amped out of the window And broke his lack. The fable teaches that some I reams ?re far more dreamfully dreasiy han Other*. - What has become of our manly nen? asks an exchanz*. Well, some of hem are the husbands of womanly wo nen and aro engaged in raising childish children. Senator Butler. WASHINGTON, April ?tb, 1884-% Dear Sir : I nm in receipt of your? of the 2nd inst, this morning, uud send by to-day's mail a copy of my ?peech ou the Educational Bill. A few years ago I entertained the opinion, that it would bo a good thing for tho South to have this federal aid to edu cation in tho States and introduced a iii!, (not Uko tho Blair Bili, however,) and went to work to prepare a speech in support of it. I bad not previously examined carefully tho Constitutional power of Congress to pass such legisla tion, and determined lo satisfy myself by it thorough ?tildy of the question. This investigation convinced my mind that Congres* has no such power, and there upon abandoned the Bill and did not call it up. This Bluir Bill under discussion is much moro obnoxious to the Constitu tion as 1 read it than mine, and of course I oppose it. But if the Constitutional power were clearly expressed and I had no doubt on that score, I should vote against it as a matter of policy. Yielding to and sympathizing with au tiniest universal anxiety among our best people in regard to public education after ive recovered possession of tho State Government in 187G, I favored notional titi to education, but as I have remarked, I hail nut considered mnlurely its Con ititutional bearings nor tho general ellect iud probable consequence of such a pol ey. I was simplo minded euough to lelieve that the Republican lardera tf'tro iincerc in their ptoftsscd desire to ace he negro educated. I am convinced mw thal in this regard ? WRS also mis* aken. They arc quite willing to volo lie money iti aid of common schools if hey can control its disbursement from Washington, and thereby again get con roi of the negro voleas they hnd through ho Freedman's Bureau and Union League. This at least is roy opinion and ?very day's discussion continus it. I know it is urged by some of our southern Senators that this is not the mrnose and they aro perfectly sincere ii tliia opinion, Lui I have seen too much if their crafty designs upon tho South to rust them in a vital matter like this. If South Carolina Bhould receive one nillion of this money and expend it for he schools with the most perfect and crapulous impartiality between tho two aces, nothing would be easier than for he Republican managers to send emisa i es among the negroes and flood Con ?ress with statements from them that wo ind ignored them practically and given he whiles the full benefit of the money. Investigation by Congress would follow. L'he negroes would prove their statements ?y evidence made to order and ultimate y federal school inspectors would be np minted and finally entire cotitrol of tho chools would on-s into federul bunds. What would be the result? Every :ommou ttchool in the State would be re piired to usa Behool books from which mr children would he taught that you md I and every man who felt ho was toing li in duty lo the South during the var vile traitor*, nnd that tho te on the itber side actuated by no higher senso of luty, were pure and unselfish patriots. L'his may como in time in spite of uu, nit do not intend to help it along if I enow it. A proper and healthful nation* II feeling may be created in tho South iud will be without condemning tho lend and living. You say the "papers ire giving mo hot shot." Well let them ire away. They have a right to tboir minion?, and I have to mine. I nave i few shout in my locker that I am wili ng to exchange, if they will come nt mo airly and one at a time. Let the papers hat are firing their "bot shot," at me rive the people an opportunity to decide >y stating my position fairly and honestly ido by side with theirs, and I shall bo rilling to abide the issue and shall not omplnin. So far in my public lifo I have taken ny positions on publie questions accordi ng lo the dictates of roy own judgment md conscience, and bave not waited to 'tiquire whether they wero popular or mpopular, whether the newspapers would 'nucusafo their approval. In the main, vben differing they buve treated mo airly in their criticisms. So I have milling to complain of. No doubt I mve made mistakes. I ezpeot to make bern in the future, but I eb nil not be Iriven from what I believe to be right >y 'advarao criticism or uninformed op* losition. . ' Upon mature reflection I am convinced [ was in error when I favored this na* ional aid to State common school educa* ion. A man who does not change his iourse, reverse it if need be, when ho lelieves it is leading him over a precipice ind drawing with bim, is either a fool or vb nt is worse, a knave. Acting upon his prirciph I have changed my mind ibout this whole business. The race question we will have to work mt ourselves, each State for itself. Every time the General Qovornment iu erferes.it makes matters worse, and re* ards, postpones and embarrasses a prop* sr solution, and I am opposed to it, whether in the form cf aid to common icbool education, Civil Rights Bills, unideal prosecutions and persecutions, rho illiteracy of the emancipated slaves s as fixed and incurable as toe decree of tis freedom. All the money in the Urn ed States Treasury cannot remove it. The generation that bas grown up siuco leedom must take their chances with Uber freemen in the race for education. They roust go to work and contribute to heir own education like other people, or ike other people who do not work, and lelp themselves, drift, into that army of Iron es who first try to live on their wita >y idleness, and finally land in the peni tentiary or exile. Excuse me for iroubliog you with this ong letter. Your own well considered md timely observations as expressed in .our letter have drawn roe into a more ixtended letter than I had calculated ipon. The discussion on the Blair Bill bas Lieen able and interesting and I will try ind send you some of the speeches of >thcr Senators. Very truly youvs. M. C. BUTLER. HON. F. A. CoNNEn.Cokesbury, S. C. - Kindness, like grain, increases by owing. - Willing prisoner-a mau locked iu lumber. - A deadlock-the fastening of a lemetery gate. - Do unto others as you would that bey should do unto you. - Little George was questioned the dbet day about his big sister's beau. 'How old is he T" "I don't know." 'Well, be ls yourg?" "I think so, for he lasn't any hair on his head 1" _"What shall we nc -PO baby sister t" tsked a niotb?r.of her little four-year-old laughter. "Cali her Early, rainima; bat's a pretty name." "Early ! That's lot a little girl's name." "Ch, yes it is, >on't you remember yon read to me bout the little girl who was to be the lay Queen, and who wanted her mother o call her early."