Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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iv - ]>>- ^lU^AY ?^CO. ' ^ANI^^ ' VOLUME XIX.---NO. 37 IHM, A UP'S LETTER. Ari?. Ws Wf*'- Iteiolnd* Ulm ?.r His Itlii?iiittHti*!-l.iiol??. Athmtn Gjitititution. ? r*. Arn was quietly rending the Cb? fc/iv/i vest* niny while ?I'?' children were |dn irs. Aiter ?ONhilt- she paused and lirg over her spectacles ut nie, re Iked, "I thought that maj he you |!d have month ned that little ci rou lil lee al oui tl e buggy and lin' ringinas E,, (ino 'd' vi ".r letters, hut 1 suppose |(c. ?e>t si e*m tn you to he a very inter L.j matter lo write about. Probably in: h.ir.se had run away with me thc llb- would have heard pfit.'j and with I hlKi roslin ed her reading. Well, ; i?s ;.. fact, i was thinking that the i I .-aid about somo things the belter, : I besides, ai I told ber, 1 didn't want ! ivib' a b? r?i . ! myself |n such a small , fo i: She quietly replhd, "Dh,! I ,,! e- ur*? t, bu'. I didn't think L> w;:s mi :h hem about it and thought I , aili an i.ti on ?i i-i a small way liot'.t particular peril-just to fill Iv .M know So I reckon ? bad bet It was her buggy. One of ber boys |?'ht i- and gave il lo her. It had a : LT top and phaeton shaped body thal leoeiil g? i in -? easy ami tho harness s lind .he whip. fe ? Everything now ai nico a id she had taken but E) li?es it) it, md so one day 1 hinted |t I won' ' like lo sc.-bow it mean- ] Etd ?.vcr tn" c miry, ami as it was all ?eeable I bad my yoting horse hitched btu! i died around smartly. Wc had |\;e I timi h uso in I'I?- i'.aiton and in I? b.w ami considered bim pretty well \\. for ie- came Irom gen ie stock and : :| raise?! bin. and pei ti ?I him ami d no fear.s ?iboul ids behavior. One e ?:irls had le i-!) riding with UK- am] ber gel out nt-tho front gate und vi ? :i up to t>.?- big farm gate : t tho of the hil! and g'?t ??ut and opened it i,.' the black rascal llirougb amil ight be was -er' ne ?md knew he was .i and so I just stepped back l'or a ment ta shut the gale and away he it like he was shot out ol' a gun. He down lo the horse lot gate all right I thought ho would surely stop lhere, Untiing thc gate shut he took a little ?dance ami went sailing down lo is tin; spring and jumped over a big ami tin- buggy jumped too for it was its level best to keep up and then look the grand rounds of thc hillside ,o and every lime I tried to beat! and h him ho dodged me and kept on i the buggy, sometimes on four els anti sometimes on two. I lind the p in my hand and Mrs. Atp. my wiro, that when she came to thc back to sec what was the racket 1 was tiling there with the whip a waiving looked for al! tho world ?ike a ridg ier in a circus a ntl she actually light I was making the colt run round for my own amusement. Well, re's no mc in making a long story mow, for what's done can't be helped, it colt tore that buggy ali to pieces got away from il before he quit try lle run it against three trees and r four legs and left thc beautiful ti p one place ami the wheels in another the shafts got bent backwards under ;';> the running gear and I can't tell his day how they got there, walked into the bouse and said ooth for ten minute.', ami 1 didn't want .betly to say anything lo me. Mrs. > never said nothing cither but set nto her sewing just as natural and cr h"minni a piece of a lune. Alter loll she looked ?iver at my -id?? of thc . e and r; marked : it was a vt rv pleasant evening 1er ride?" Un en tu m >n," said ?. I r::pect it will be good for your ima??vi 'or you to take a rid;1 every lins,"Si;id -he. They ??i y that walking is better fur uina'.i.srn than riding," said I. W li, vi ii will have a good chance thal now," said she ; and she ?ai l n her work and laughed al me-and t's ib.?- way she broke me of the pout meltincboly. And that'.- alway* tho When 1 am distressed and low site is a!) serene and lively a;;'! ers tiie up. Feet is she gave me such ilbrt about that buggy business that 1 almost glad it happened. Hut -till 1 sorter sore ubi nt that ringmaster pan it, tie! t! i.!) again 1 overheard tim 'dion asking Ralph il' he wasn't glad it wasn't bim. And Ralph said, (duos gracions I wouldn't have bad ip pencil to rn?? lor a hundred dob .'!, ii. i- n e - ; bad t- it miiibl have for I might ii.iv?' been in it ??nd ba.! wheels ami my body an?! springs al! tip. It wdl cost about twenty dob t?i repair the ?lainage and abc sat s will pick it np in the road or get it lehow und that 1 musn't be bulbi rut. was tilling my tifibor Hu fot d about it lerday a* a g rent calamity am! he gheti am) sni.l, "?il! we com.tty folks list d to those things mid a heap wnrs.e. iv." says he, "it, was only yosterdny ruing that I and my brother Alt' con dell to go t?? town, creek or no creek, WP knew it was np mighty high, and we took roundnnce for ii shallower up a?, bradley's, and in we went rigid tili we got to the little deep nuning place, and the horse gave a ''?tojump that and popped the ?ingle , ?md away he went out of the shafts broke lose the hip straps and got to k; hut me and Alf was in the buggy ng to hold it down, timi as i leaned t to catch my overcoat that was llor.t away the binrgy just careened over spilt us both in tho waler, and it od over on us and Alf grabbed holt ne wheel and I of another ami we to hold it, but we had got into n of a whirlpool that was Over our ?a and the box body just turned round ."'.und and over and under, and dimes we were on lop and sometimes 1'tiggy WAS on top, and wo see-saw*?1 ?t way and thingemnjigged down the k for a hundred and fifty yards, and finally to 1ft go and swim for thc r. If you ever HIW drowued rat? we te them, and wo were sn tired and so prised we just set there on the bank 1 looked nt one another and smiled, lite smiles w\ te faint and sickly.- I owed ?m down thc crrek nnd found .overcoat bung on a baw bush anti 1 to swim in and get it, but my best es were gone for good, and my shawl finie other things that wore upon *e?t and under it. Well, now, you the body got broke alor se and went "i'd the whet ls and running gear are "ii in Hi-hep's mill pond. Hut we 1 wc got ibo borve lome ai d no lives tor limbs broken, and aro thankful, f-nd I walked homo bare bended, and weill a half milo ont of tl e way to I? anybrdy from seeing us. Our weighed mighty nigh a bundie I 'tub brsblrs the overcoat, and wo left 'et track behind us. Alf smiled again the way, an,} 9ny" Jiej "Oliver, 1 tell what's a fact, folks oughtent to bc 'feting loo -much good luck in thb *'.rucl- world, nohow, but tluro if "Vs-something good mixed up will: bad." . Y\\di, I Hhould like to knor, urn, j Hiiouiu nsw ?vi ?..??? M gyod there is about this," said I "y, ; said he, "we gol saet? a goct washing ; i reckon wo nm annul tho cleanest folks in thc settlement." After while he Krui led again, and looked a' me and enid, "Well, the cyclone struck us and tore us up, and our fall oats are nil killed, and now the high waters bar overflowed u*. I wonder what's to he th next dispensation of Providence reckon it's a good time to sing, il nv firm ii fouutUtlon, yenalntsol the Lord." What a good thing it is to have or hand at all times a stock of resignation How comforting is adversity. An old Latin port trie* lo describe a perfect man, and says, among other things, that he must never got out of temper nor live above or below a certain line of calm serenity. That will do pretty well for a man, I reckon, but it wouldent suit a woman at all. I heard a smart old man say once that a ..vornan who didcot have temper and show it now and then was no account, for while a man ought to be a philosopher and go according to reason a woman wasen't mnde that way. She is lull ol emotions, ami is hound lo "show Hiern. SJ e ts up and down-now calm und now exerted--according to circum stances, lier love is stronger and her dlshko mon. intense. .She has more wonder and curiosity, more tenderness and tear,?, mme sympathy and reverence and hope. In met, sh,. i.s n purer, better creation, and was made so because she was to be a moth.'.- and thc nurse ol children. "Her prentice lund ?lie tri.,I on man. Ami Mien .?lu wadu tho lasses." 1 was la Iking to a nico lady .ie day about woman's rights, and she* said that mi n and women both had loo many ri;dit^ now, and indulged then.-elves in j some lhat didcot belong lo them. For : instance, said she, a mau hits io right to : bc ii fool, stud no woman has a right to ! be homely. "I*..it how can site help it?" said I. "If a woman is born 'ugly.' as we cull il, it surely is not ??cr fault." "< If course not," said she, '.hut if she is '?.irn thal way she nuisent stay (hat way. sho can be good if she wants lo be, and she cati bc kind and entertaining, and that will make any woman pretty on in timate acquaintance. The homeliest woman I ever knew was the most fusci I nating and attractive. And just so tho biggest dunce of a man cnu keep from benign fool if he tries to; nt least lie can be a silent one and then folks wouldnt lind out he was a fool." BILI. ABl?. Beecher on thc South. WASHINGTON, March 10 - In his lec ture on "A Circuit of the Continent," winch Mr. il. et hel delivered here last night, he frankly confessed the surrender ol' many misapprehensions relative to the conditions and prejudices of tho Southern people. During bis stny in the South he frequently spoke of tho pleasant impressions which had been made on him both by his kind reception and by his observation of thc new South ern civilization. These utterances were considered ns inlluenced in some measure by his surroundings and present sympa thies. They have, however, only been emphasized by the deliberate, well di gested opinions formed in thc retrospect ol' his visit. He left New York and traveled West to ?San Francisco over the Northern Pacific, of which great enter prise- he and Horace Creely were among thc first promoters. From San Francis co he came down through the Southwest to the Cull', thence back to York nlong the Atlantic const, mnking literally a circuit of the continent on about as large a scale as possible. He traveled over l.S.O'JO miles and was absent from Brook lyn 122 day?, not one of which was rainy where he was. His outline of the scenes along his groat circuit and the descrip tion cf the great resources of the North west were in Beecher's strongest. But no part nf hts lecture wai so entertain ing as what he bad to say of Ibo South. Said he: "For a long time Wm, Lloyd Garrison, Wendell Phillips and I were the most hated men iu thc South. Now all that is past I saw no trace of it on this visit. New Orleans was the first real Southern city I visited, and there I met a warm welcome. 1 found intelli gence, kindness and hospitality on every side. As 1 progre.-sed through the South [ continued to lind these things wherev er I went. Thc condition of the country is most hopeful in every sense. I saw ' evidences of ibis fact in Savannah, At ? lauta, .Macon, Augusta, Charleston j everywhere. Macon and Augusta are the two prettiest cities I ever saw. The j people of ihe South are just as much ; reconstructed and ju<t as patriotic as the j people ?if the North. Everywhere I among the Southern people is a pcrvad ; intr love of the Union. They aro as pron ! '.>' this country ns the North is. j 'Ploy ate ready to d?tend it and lo co j operate in any great movement for its advancement. They are as eager fur ; education, and aro building up a great j ed neat ional system. They arc honestly lin favor ot' educating the. negroes, and ! arc doing it." Mr. Beecher elaborated lin-??- points will? bis usual force. He : said that he was proud of ibo South, and that no man could tell what its luture would bring forth. I never heard him speak more eloquently. It was a pleas ure to see a man of his great mind loy aside all the prejudices of his life and honestly ?tier his convictions among people who bod shared his mistaken views. He bas been fearlc-. always in .-.peaking what he believed'. Hia word fl in ibo real condition of affairs in the South, as to the real sentiments and aim-, of its people will stand against the lory of a thousand cheap demagogues whose prominence in the North is achieved only by keeping alive the pas sion* that ali good and intelligent men in all sections wish to sre buried forever. Special to Atlanta Constitution. - We Bte it stated that "Senator Ingalls, of Kansas, is about to present the National Senate at an carly day a memorial signed by a very large number ? d' men who ask that ii portion of the United Stairs in the vicinity of Oklaho ma be set aside and n . suflicient sum be appropriated from the Nationul Trcnsury for thc colonization there of the colored people, especially Ihose of Arkansas, 'Mississippi, other Southern States, and the Indian Territory, who arc now de prived of the civil and political rights intended to be conferred on them by the constitutional amendments aud asa re mit of th?: civil war. They pray thal the lands may be set apart Tor exclusive reniement by people of their race that they may bo given an opportunity tc solve the problem of self-government ac cording to their own ideas." The ne irroes have bad a milch better opportuni; tv than that to solve tho problem aimee nt llayli nnd San Domingo are enough for ono generation. Liberia is anothei experiment. - At Payson, III., Mr. Cook was mar ried to Miss Grubb. Now tho first per son who says anything about that Grub! heine Cooked, or that the Cook got tb. Grubb. or that there bas been an increa* of Cooks at ibe oxponse of tho Grubb, o that it will be bard on tho proapectiyi little Cook? because there is no Grubl loft,, etc., will bo presented witb a chrci "HvLeye and nose upon calling ..at tbi office. . THE BURNING OE COL?MUIA. A Northern Soldier*' Arco mil of lt. On:'Its City {Iowa) InteUbjenrer. Tho citizens anxious to purchase favor arid be SA hospitable as possible distributed i wino and other liquors freely, and the j soldiers were soon so drunk that they be i came unmanageable. All unite in lesli , tying to the universal kind treatment j and gentlemanly behavior of the troops \ until the liquor was so freely distributed. Liquor destroyed Columbia. Towards j evening the pillaging became frightful. . Every store and house was on ered. Tho i slaves intoxicated with theil new found j freedom, furnished moro wh skoy to the j soldiers, and pointed out the places where I their former owners bad secreted tlit ir i money, jewelry, cte. Language fails to convey to you an adequate idea of tho scenes presented that afternoon and even ing. Largo stores of every kind were brokcu into and completely destroyed. If the door was locked, a blow from tho. bull of a musket or a stroke with au ax rendered keys useless, and a swarm of j drunken soldiers nu.i negroes would j crowd in, cursing, swearing and shouting, : each taking what he most fancied, would I carry it uutil he saw something be liked j better, then throw it away. Silver ware j was found in large quantities, cake bas kets, gold-lined goblets, knives, forks, spoons, pitchers, etc., in great profusion. >lu*ie stores were opened and thousands of pieces of shell music scattered to the winds, violins crushed, guitars split, pi anos ruined and musical instruments id' all kinds forever spoiled. Bookstores were opened and thc most costly and valuable books wantonly torn up or trampled in the mud. Dry good ?tores were scattered ever)' place. Splendid ribbons were used to tie tobacco in dress goods were torn and trampled under foot ; in short, everything the brutes could lay their hands on was taken or destroy ed. Over one hundred printing presses were destroyed. The Catholic church was entered and u golden crucifix set with jewols and estimated t-j bo worth $33,000 carried off. Other churches were entered, tho tassels cut from tho pulpit cushions and next day adorned '.he heads of the mules in the baggage train. Had the work of pillaging beeu confined here, bad as it was, it would not have been quito so disgraceful as it turn ed out to bo. Guards bad been placed at ?v?vate houses, but ilic:-e were often eluded or furnished liquor so that they turned to pillaging also. The slaves were willing guides, and a tcene of rob bery began, disgraceful not only to our army hut to thc came of humanity. I hesitate to write more, but I havo not told you a tittle of the scenes. There seemed to bo no intention to commit acts of personal violence, their whole attention seemed to be devoted to the purpose of plundering and destroying property. The soldiers entered thc hous es and helped themselves. The furniture was defaced, dishes broken, carpets cut up and made into saddle blankets, win dow curtains torn down, thc curtniu9 taken to put under saddles, feather beds ripped open and the contents scattered over the house, trunks broken open, pri vate letters token, jewelry stolen, and laces, ribbons, etc., trampled under foot. The cases were taken from the pillows and converted into sacks in which the plunder could be carried off. Pictures of friends wore taken, a;?d in many cases even the family Hible. Wardrobes were torn open, and women's aud children'* clothing and underclothing taken and torn into strips, thrown away or burned, All this was done while the women and children wore in the house, huddled to gether in a frightened group, not daring io say a word. O, it was heartsickening Mi r ! than once I felt as if it were a dis grace to belong to the same army thal thc vile drunken specimens of humanity did. Night came on. The drunker soldiers reeled through the streets, curs ing and threatening. 'Die wiud was stil blowing furiously and the cotton in va rious portions of the city still burning Soon the fire began to spread, whethei accidental or as the result of malicious ness is not known. Soldiers, negroes and the escaped prisoners soon helpet to spread tho fire, running from house te house with burning brands. In vain tin guards sought to stop them, in vain tin oli?eers and thousands of soldiers labor el to put out the fire. The demon 0 destruction was abroad, and in n shor time about 50 or (JO squares right in thc most compact portion of the city were ir flames. The Hames leaped and curlee and danced like demons, and shot up ? hundred feet lighting the country fo miles around. Men, women and chi I dren wore running to and fro, in thei nightdress, seeking safety from the fire their shrieks mingling with tho curso and should of the drunken soldiers. Hu I will not tire you farther with details, have only lifted tho vail and given you : partial glimpse. Everything I have lob you is true, and took place in the spac of a few hours. Il was all against order and our generals tried to stop tho fearlu tide. The guards did well but wer overpowered. Sherman determined th thing should stop, and ordered a whol Division of our CorpQ-some fivo or si thousand strong-to clear the streets s the point of the bayonet, but by thi time nothing could check the flame! Next day many were missing and it wu ascertained that between 30 and 40 sol diera hnd been burned to death bein too drunk to escape Some of thei were bi -d to cry most piteously fror the fur at nothing could help then and ir, thc morning their roas'ed remain blistered and charred, told the burrill! tale. Tho State House did not. sufft much, and was unharmed by the lire, c: cepting some carved ornamented Btoi; work, which was destroyed by the ii tense heat. Such was the burning < Columbia, and the sun next morning sa a ead sight. Thousands were homelea penniless, without food or shelter, ac with scarcely sufficient clothing, huddlir around the blackened ruins of what ha been their homes. Some folded the hands in mute despair. Others walkt to and fro bitterly weeping, child? begged for bread, and altogether it w: a sickening, saddening sight, such t one as I p'ay God may never be sei again in this broad land, while we are nation. I spoke of our capturing a lari amount of ammunition. As we cou \ not uso it, it was ordered to be dcatroyi ; by being thrown into the river. Sevei t wagon loads had been hauled down . the river bank, when a soldier oith . thoughtlessly or accidentally dropped . percussion abell which instantly explo I ed, setting thc whole pile on fire, ai , causing terrific explosions. Several m r and horses were instantly killed ; one two men were torn to fragments. !; wagons were lorn to atoms and eightc -1 men badly wounded. We were ten roi . j from town when the explosion ocean > ' tearing up thc railroad, but we be? 9 the explosions very distinctly. Th s ! ends a brief account of one of the mi r i important as well as saddest occurreni s j of our march through the Carolinas. I> ' have omitted many Incident* because . j is now so unwarrantably long that j s j will tire of it long before you get throu I it. However I don't propose to infl such long letters npou you often. The murch io and capturo of Camden is also i very interesting, but I will wait until you have somewb.it recovered from this long j letter before I trouble you with another. WILL. HOW APACHES III ST DEER. RUUUlfJg Down Thu Animal Willi Tllfllr Tii. lc i Lou?. An ex-frontiersman tells a New Yuri: ?SM? reporter how tho Apache indian hunts the ileor. lie says : '.When an Apache hunter goes nut for a hunt he dispenses with even tho beaut attire he assume* in bia ordinary daily walk in life. He needs no dog, for his quick eye detects the trail of the deer as readily as the hound's does, no matter how keen its scent. On the trail, he fol lows it as silently asa shadow, for ho ' knows he will Minn come in sight of thc game, either feeding or Iyi;.g at rest among the bushes. Whon bo sights the deer he steals to within *ate gunshot. If the deer's head is turned away from the hunter, tho latter, first taking aim, shuf fles his font on thc ground. If thc deer is lying down it springs to its feet at the sound, and wheels around faeiug tho di rection from which the sound came. If it is standing, it turns around quickly. The Apache hunter is always desirous of killing a deer by shooting it as nearly in ! the centre of the forehead as he can. .So, j when the deer lunn toward him he fires at that spot. His aim is randy al fault, ; bul sometimes thc deer is quicker to dis ; cover the cause of its alarm than tho bun ? ter is to lire, and turns for-safely in Hight. An Apache's gun, also, not Infrequently misses i"..-e, ami thc deer Hees on the wing? of the wind. To permit a deer to escape after it is once discovered is something no Apache bunter is expected to do, and it is against their code lo lire the second i time. The hunter, failing to kW. his , game at the fir.-t attempt, must run it .? down, and it is very rare that he fails in this chase. As the deer starts away in its flight, leaping from twenty to thirty feet at a time, tho Indian drops his gun, and, with hideous yells, starts in pursuit. The deer at first leaves the hunter far be hind, putting forth its greatest efforts to that end. Hut its trail is as plain to the Indian as the turnpike road is to a white man, and he follows. As is its nature, as soon as the deer is out of sight and sound of threatening danger, it stops and waits for developments. The sight of tho pursuing hunter starts ?ton it", way again. ?Every halt of this kind tel s ugainst the ' deer, for it is not of.suf!icicnt length to give it any beneficial rest, iud at every new start it is stifler and ?ess active. Thc Indian never halts. There aro run ner? among the Apaches who can run for tweuty-four hours without a stop, and can make their five miles every hour of the time. After the deer has run for two I or three hours, its thirst prompts it to j make for the nearest water. This tho relentless hunter knows to be inevitable, and when the deer reaches this stage of thc chase the lud?an considers the vic tory won. There is no hope for the deer after it stops to drink, for it takes into its parched stomach all it can. Having la dened itself w ith this weight of water the doer is unable to take long leaps, anil can not extend its run between baits more than half tho former distance. The Indian's tongue may hang swollen and white from bis mouth, and his mouth be as dry as dust, and his stomach burn ing up "with heat, but he never stops io drink. Ile scoops a handful of water from the stream as he dashes across it, and carries it to his mouth, where he holds it a moment and ejects it without taking a swallow. If ho is obliged to \ swim, he lets the water run in his mouth, ' but keeps it from his stomach. "After running an hour or so, after the | deer has quenched its thirst, tim Indian ! knows it is time to find some evidence of 1 thc animal's weakening. Theso bc is j sure to find along thc trail, in the shape of blood spots on some rod: where the ! deer has tumbled on its knees, ora patch of hair clinging to some sharp projection, showing that tho deer's strength has failed so that it cannot turn quickly out of the way of obstacles. Now the Indian increases his speed. He knows that the deer's race is run. In time he overtakes tho deer, which is now loping feebly along. A yell startles it into a momen tary burst of tqmed. Then, as if appre ciating thc fact that it were useless lo prolong the race, it stops and turns with all the defiance it? exhausted nature can assume, and awaits the approach of the hunter. Sometimes, however, tho deer runs until it drop? dead or dying in its tracks. If it turns upon tho Indian, the latter keeps right on at full speed. He knows the deer eau do him no harm, its inclination to the contrary notwithstand ing. Ile seizes it boldly, throws it to the ground with ease, and cuts its throat. Without a moment's delay, whether the deer is dead or dying, the Indian cuts from behind the fore shoulder alargo piece of meat. He sucks thc warm blood from it and devours the morsel, keeping constantly on the move. If the carcass of the deer ?R not too heavy, he throwB it across his shoulders and starts imme diately for home. He does not rest n moment, for fear of becoming too stiff to make the return trip. If the deer is too heavy for him to carry, he cuts out the choicest parts, bides tho remainder in a i secure place, and brings in the former. In this case another member of the t?ib? is selected to take his back track on the arrival of the hunter in camp, and bring in the venison left behind. "if a dcor is young an Apacho hunter will run it down within a distance of sixty miles, but they have been known to prolong a chase for 100 miles. The course taken is always devious and cir cuitous, and may end within a mile or so of the starting place." - Mr. S. H. Farrow tells of how a dog and a rabbit on his farm got them selves into a queer scrape. The rabbit ran into a hole under a lot of roeta and the dog in trying to get at the rabbit stuck bis head in the hole and became fastened about the neck in such a man ner that it was impossible for him to get bis head out. The dog had been missed from homo exactly ten days, when ho was accidentally discovered by a little darkey who was walking through the field. Assistance was procured nnd the dog was released from his painful situa tion, hut so weak and exhausted that he staggered about as if drunk. The rab bit waa found dead in the bottom of the hole. Having been unable to escape unless it had gono through tho dog's mouth, il died of starvation in sight of tho unfortunate dog. Thia incident ia interesting rta an illustration of a dog'a \ powers of endurance. The dog drank . and ate freely on reaching the boneo and ' is now as strong and active as ever, but 1 he bas no use for rabbits, refusiug to run ? one that was turned loose nt his noHc. I Charlotte Observer. i - Gen. Thoa. li. Rosser, who rose to t tho rank of Lieutenant General in the i Confederate service, and lately chief en [ gineer of the Northern Pacific Railroad, t intends to aail from New York on the i 20th instant for Nicaragua. He will go i aa the engineer of the Nicaragua Canal t Company. A PHYSICIAN'S PLAIN TALK. People Who Undertake t<? Doctor Tlieui? selves. ?Veto York Sun, "Tho extensive use of patent medi ci nea and the enormous quantity of drugs sohl without prescriptions indicate hov? widespread is the habit of self doctor? :ng," said a popular physician to a Sun reporter. "To those who know how cure lo.-sly mid ignorantly these drugs are | used tho thought of thc hann they do it appalling. There is no tolling how long a proscription once given will bo used, or ! with what fool Uh ri?k it will be applied in a ea-*e whore it will not only not do good, hut is certain to work harm." "Doyou think this habit of self-doc< toring decreases tho practice of physi cians ?" "Hy no moans. Thc effect is rather to increase our work. People who think to do without the services of it physician I will not only do thctnsi Ives harm by thu delay, but also with tho medicines which they do not know how to use. It is like a man trying to mend a leak in a water pipe by soldering it with the poker. Ile--, generally makes the hole bigger. It is, of emir.--, the most difficult part of the physician's duty to diagnose the disease, to tell what is tho real trouble with the patient. It is not uncommon for even educated physicians to make mistakes in tliis respect. The science of medicine has progressed au far that every part of the human body lias been pretty thor- j oughly studied, and ibo treatment of the ailments ol' each putt is a specialty. It is impossible for ono physician lo know all theso diseases sus well as tho speei.il i-is, and it is a common practice among honest physicians to refer patients to l those who have made a special study ol the discuses which ll til ?Ct theil), lt is j not uncommon for a mun to go from ono physician tb another in tho vain effort to discover his ailment. Sometimes n pu? lieut will he treated hy successive physi cians for thc wrong ailment, because some of the symptoms of di fieront dis eases arc similar. How unlikely is it, therefore, that persons who have not studied medicine can find out what ails them ?" "Which, do you think do the most self-doctoring, women or men ?" "Women, decidedly, especially mo thers and old women. Tho reckless temerity of some women in this respect is wonderful. They nish in w here angels fear to tread. Hastily judging from a few symptoms that a case; rest mhb s one] which thc family doctor has treated, they will hunt tili an old prescription ami ad minister thc dose to some confiding hus band or helpless child. I could tell you some amusing stories of tho mistakes that arc made in this way, as well ns some instances where more serious conse quences resulted. Take, for illustration, a headache. It may come from a dozen different eames-from hunger, from indi gestion, from over-excitement of the brain, from eating too much, Irom inhal ing foul air. The remedy ror a bond ache varies with its cause. Yet you w ill find women who have a universal pana cea for headache, regardless of thc cause. Ileware of such women." "With what medicines is tho most harm done?" "Opiates and aperients. The heedless ness with which morphine, in various forms, is now administered in families is alnrming. The doctor comes to attend a patient who is in pain. ile prescribes morphia and directs its use, and the patient is relieved. This is enough to start thc average matron on a course of fell destruction with morphia. Thc next patient may be of a diff?rent tempera ment, or sex or ave, requiring either a different kind or quantity of* tho opiato, j but tho old prescription '.viii bc used, or, worse than nil, will bo revived from memory. 8ome drug stores watch care fully end refuse to dispense such drugs without a prescription in each case, but there aro many lou eager to make money to caro much whether the patient is be ing treated by a doctor. Tho same is true of the use of bromide, of chloro form and of other. The bottle that is left partly filled in a family after ono paticut has boen treated is pretty sure to bo used for ?motlier without thc doctor's knowledge. As for paregoric aud lauda num, thu amount of stupefaction that is practiced upon children by their use is so common as almost to cease to attract attention. Perhaps the child is natural ly peevish, or is cutting teeth, or has some infatitile ailment ; out comes tin. paregoric or soothing syrup bottle, and before long tho small dose ceases to lia ve elJect. Then larger doses are given, un til the unfortunate youngster's system is st u nted with tito drug and totally de ranged. Sometimos thc la/.y and dishon est nurse, to relieve herself from 'rouble, administers the anodyne on ber own re sponsibility, and tho hapless child shows n dullness and stupidity for which no body can account. "I met a man once who was doctoring biniBolf for dyspepsia and indigestion. He told me bo wondered wby bo bad not cured himself. He waa apparently of muscular development and good con stitution, but bc bad somehow got the idea into bis head that ho must exerciso I vigorously after every meal in order to , promoto digestion. Ho took long and rapid walks after bis meals. Of course bis indigestion got wo rae. HG was ap parcntly a mau of ordinary intelligence, yet bc was ignorant of tho simplest law of health. 1 told bim that if a cow could talk she would teach him more sense than to take any vigorous exorcise, cither physical or mental, in mediately after a hearty meal. Most .'torses are treated more intelligently than this man was treating himself. "What puzzles me is tho fact people are not afraid to meddle with such a delicate organism as the human body. Few persons who have watches would attempt to repair them if they should get out of order ; yet they tackle the delicate mechanism of their own bodies with the recklessness of a blacksmith attempting to adjust a chronometer. The evil is widespread, and roache* net only tho cases I have alluded to but many other more difficult and dangerous than these. I have known of women experimenting with drugs in doses where a simple surgical operation of n minute's duration was nil that was necessary. Thc evil is insidious and one that it would be difiicult to reach by legislation. It is especially common among tbosb who have that little learning which is a very dangerous thing. It is a question ? which are most to bo pitied, those who . know nothing whatever of their own I bodies or those who, having thepresump ! tion to act, on very slight and insuflicicnt j knowledge are perpetually dosing them i selves with nostrums, and, with a blind I faith equal to the most abject supersti tion, putting confidence in panaceas." - During thc late high water at Cin cinnati it was impossible to reach the down-town saloons. In a fit of despera tion a native took a drink of water and after two hours of intense suffering death came to bis release. . - We should advo-ato iv> tbeoi> which wo believe to be falso. FUD That May Kill. Among llie number of bright boy? who had set out to become business men was a lad fifteen yean of agc. employed in a lawyer's office. During his leisure hours mid on Sundays ho was in tho 'inbit of smoking cigarettes, the smoko of which ho inhaled. From thia he passed to chewing tobacco, and it is said that when he was not smoking a cigarette be al ways had tobacco in his mouth, and occa sionally combined thc two. His parents endeavored to break him of thc habit, but all they could say and do had no cl feet. Hi- health soon began to fail rap idly, and his family, who were not aware that tobacco would ha o such injurious effects, fancied that his weakness wai caused by the close cou 'moment w hich be had to undergo ut hh place of busi ness. He *'>o>i became so ill that he could not sleep at hight, and his appetite began to fail. His countenance wu* very sallow, and he bad severe headaches. Finally his, mother took him to seo a physician, who, on examining him, I'm ti gilt tbnt he ] Wjui'-udering front-want of thc right kinil j of (bod, nod prescribe*] tonics and things J thu', tot nourishing und strengthening. Hut instead bf improving in health, the j poor lad constantly grew worse, and was soon foi.lined to his lied. Thc doctor i then ?earned that the boy bad been ad dictcd to thc excessive uso of tobacco in every form, and he came to the conclu sion that his patient was suffering from nicotine poisoning. Nothing that could be done bad any ethe, in restoring the sn tieri ng boy. Ho lingered for about a wee'.-, when congestion of the lungs sci in. and the heart began to fail in its functions. This was the beginning of the end. Within twenty-four hours be was dead, killed by the foolish habit be j lind formed ;d* smoking cigarettes und du wing tobacco. A gentleman who writes a good neal for Young People, on making inquirios of one of the largest manufacturera of ciga rettes in this city, was informed that thc I annual average of cigarettes consumed in this country amounts to not lesa than j a thousand millions. Now perhaps this statement in itself ?8 not so very wonderful, when wo think of the number of people in this country of ours; but take it in connection with tho (act that the consumption of tobacco nnd cigars lins not decreased iu that limo, nnti one naturally asks how it is thal such uti increase can b i lind in ono (orm of smokers* articles without it falling off in the other forms of the material. A gentleman who h.*.s two largo retail tobacco stores, un being asked the reason of this increased demand, said that so tar as hw experience could bo relied upon, it wm due mainly to the fact that they were consumed largely by boys who took their lessons in smoking by the uso of these miniature cigars. Now, let us see if we cannot find out a few fact-s about tho materials that go to make up these cigarettes which are so universally used: Five years ngo, there wcro but few cigarettes made in thia country, and at that time tho ends of cigars which wera thrown into the streets were considered worthless, unless it was to some of thc newsboys and boot blacks who were will ing tb put a groat deni of dirt into their mouths for thc sake of a smoko. Three years ago, the demand for American made cigarettes began to increase, und then the ends of cignrs that bad been thrown away lind auch a value tbnt the Italian immigrants in New York city bo gan to gather them from tho streets, and to-day there aro on Crosby aud Mott streets alone, ns has been found from per sonal inquiry, over a hundred men who make a living by gathering this refuse tobacco. That number nay be found on two streets ; and it ia certainly safe to say there are others in the nine business. Is it not just a trille od that as the demand for cigarettes increased so did that for cigp.r stubs ? A member of a largo cigarette manufacturing company said to tho writer : "You have heard of tho new alkaloid from tobacco which a Froncli chemist lins just discovered ? Well, our chemist was on the point of milking that discovery just BB it was an uouueed to tho world, and I assure you it is one of thc most powerful of poisons, being very similar to sulphuric acid." Tt is well known that tobacco acts to a certain extent upon the brain as liquor does. Not long ago, a gentleman who was anxious to know how this stimulant or narcotic-sinco it acts on different natures in both ways-might affect tho brain of n growing boy, risked ono of tho leading physicians in this city what bis opinion was in regard to t.io matter. This is what the physician replied : **I can tell you what you want to know, or I can tell you how to find out, without any of the big words you are afraid of. Smoko ono cigarette, then put a clean cambric handkerchief to your mouth, and breathe through it two or three minutes. You will Cud a yellow deposit which went into your lungs, and if you have any common sense you can tell yourself whether it is likely lo be injurious." Had this physician known of the story with which this article begins, he could have said to what estent it might be in jurious. "Tobacco does not often kill people, for wc know lots of old men who have always used it, and they are as lively as crickets/' eomo bri?ht boy mc:y urg<?. Hut, if he will study into tho matter a little further, bo will probably find out that these men either did not use tobacco when ihcy were growing boys, but only when they became mon, with their minds and bodies developed and hardened to endurance, or that they had strone; con stitutions, such as wo seldom find among our city lads of to-day. And now, 'boys, for a Inst argument, even though it seems a trivial one after the terribly sad story which bas been told you. This smoking of cigarettes makes you ridiculous. Grown people think you silly, and laugh at you when they Bee you trying to be men by this silly caricatur ing of what all grown up smokers them selves pronounce a foolhh and senseless habit.-Jlarjicr'a Young People. - A wide-mouthed bottle, filled with chloride of limo and water, and placed on n shelf or mantle, will purify the air of n room and it 's said will prevent con tagious tlisca-cM, such ns diphtheria. - A singular coincidence in connec tion with tho lato cyclone in Alabama is that one occurred "twenty-two years ago ! in thc same month and on the same date, ! nnd very nearly thc same hour, io a part i of thc recently afilicted section. It was : much moro severe this time, however. - Col. F. W. McMaster, of Columbia, has been nominated as a candidate foi Congress in the Fourth district as a suc cessor of Congressman Evinp. Referring to his nomination the Ci nden Journa says: "Unostentatious, gonllo yet firm fixed and irrevocable when duty calli bim, we shall rejoice to see such a man ' in position once more, and when w< i again see the trading politician remanded . to the shades of obscurity, and such met 1 aa McMastef placid in position, we wi) have hopo in the lifo of the Republic ' and cry with truth andg.Bincerity, E$U ?perpetua. Lime-Its Action on thc Soil. Lime ami its compounds uro very abundant in nature. At it is cheap and cagily obtained it has long been ifcd r.n a manure, and yet opinions ns to its val ue have varied greatly, owing to the dis similarity of soils and thu manner of its usc. Prof. Purycar, in the American Fanner, makes some very appropriate suggestions on the subject to show the functions of limo in vegetable growth, and to explain why in some cases it sat lilies and in others disappoints the hopes of the farmer. Lime is found in tho ashes of all plante. In some, it is quito a large and essential portion. As it is taken up by plants from the soil only, its presence in some form is necessary in all fertile soiU. Calcined or burnt lime has very caustic properties, and when in contact with vegetablo or mineral matter tends to dis organize and to hasten decomposition. If wc wrap np a lump of lime in a news paper or iu a piece of cloth, we will Dod tn a short time that tito cloth or paper will Hot hold together-it falls to pieces -it is rotten as we say. So rdso in tari? ning, tic: hois ir. easily rubbed from hides that have boen steeped in a solution of lime. In agriculture wc make use of this properly of lime to hasten the decompo sition of vegetable matter. When a heavy sod is turned under, or a heavy crop of peas, the application of limo is alway efficacious, lt may perform both the functions wc have attributed to it, that is, it may act both as plant food it self and aiso ro* ibo vegetablo matter, which is valuable only as it rots. When both these objects aro accomplished th", good uffeeta of thc application of lime will be strikingly conspicuous. Thc larmer will be exullaut in the result and enthusiastic in its praise. Tho lina! is sue, however, may abate thc ardur of bia /.eal, perhaps mi?y turn bis praise into malediction. Let us see. Encouraged by tho good results he continues tho ap plication. Tho natural deficiency of tho soil in lime is satisfied-is moro than sat isfied. J lenee tho lime will cease to sup ply a want, and ono of tho good effects produced by the first application will therefore vanish. But moro. Limo has done so well that ho thinks its continued application nil that is ucccssary to bia continued Buccess. Perhaps ho cultivates his laud every year, removes tho crop closely, ullows no rest or recuperation in a crop of grass. Dazed by success be now falls into a damaging conclusion. Again let us sec. There is no thick sod, no malted vinos lo bc turned under Still he nuts on the lime, but the soil now has limo enough, and there, is bul little vegetablo matter to be decomposed by the action of tho lime. Tho twe prime conditions, under which tho lime acted so well, aro now both absent, 01 course tho good results do not appeal and there is disappointment. Indeed, thero uro cases whore tho ap plication of limo is positively injurious When tho soil has lime enough, am there ?H very little vegetablo maller to bi h composed, it might then act injuricus v. Lime, in such a case, would causi tho too rapid decomposition of thc smal amount of organic matter in tho soil using it up bcloro thc crop is fully ma tared. Again, wo may say in this cou neclion that tho mixing of limo with Un natural guanos or tho excrements of ou domestic animals is always injurious If wc take a piece of muriato of ammo oin (a compound of muriatic acid am ammonia) and trilurnto it in a mortn willi a little caustic lime, tho pungen odor at onco perceived indicates the ei cape of that most valuable gas, amine nia. The lime has combined with th acid and ammonia is set freo os a ga; which, being lighter than tho air, rise and escapes. Now, tho excrements t animals contain salts of ammonia, an limo mixed with them sets free in th same way ibo gas ammonia, which givi to those fertilizers their chief value. Lime sometimes performs another in portant function. It corrccls tho acidit of soils, just as wo uso it to correct th acidity of thc stomach. In the languafj of chemistry, acids and alkalies aro ant nodal in their effects, and rolution When an acid combines with a baso new compouud is formed which has, as general statement, none of tho propc ties of either of its constituents. Whc limo, an alkali, combines with an acid, neutral salt is formed having the propo tics neither of tho acid nor tho lim Now soils are frequently sour from tl presence of vegetable acids. Soils pe manently wet are always sour, beean the water excludes tho utmosphere, ar so prevents tho completo decompositii of tho vegetable matter. Vegetab acids, under such circumstances, a formed, which undergo only partial d composition in consequence of the e elusion by water of the oxygen of tl atmosphere. These, acids are injurio to the crops we generally cultivate. Tl only jcrmanent remedy is thoron; drainage, by which we get rid of the e cess of water, and so the soil shrinks ai cracks, air finds access, tho organic mi ter is completely decomposed and these acids ore no longer formed. Wh a marsh is drained, therefore, the atm< pbero itself would correct the acidity the Boil, but not at once. Wo wish get tho bonefit the first year of the e pense incurred in draining. The app cation of limo will ourely accompli this result, combining with and neu tn izing the free acids as it sinks throu, tho soil, and, at tho samo timo, decoi posing the largo amount of vegetal matter which hos been so long accutn luting in such localities. Colton in Cal i fon ila. The idea of bringing colored cott pickers from the South for the purpt of giving cotton culture a fair trial portions of this State supposed to best adapted to it, and which was ci ceived by Wm. B. Carr some mont ago, is about to cry .-dal izo into an acti < xperimcnt. A gentleman who i loroughly conversant with the requi ments for this kind of labor, and w j understands tho economic workings j hired negro service, has satisfied bimi i of the capabilities of our Southern coi ) ties to make cotton growing, under pn er labor conditions, a practical succi He bas arranged for bringing out a cc ' ny of one hundred colored field han who are expected to arrive at Sum within a few weeks. They will be un ' a contract with Mr. Carr for one y< ' The gentleman who bas undertaken furoitb these field operators feels co , dent of satisfactory results. The proj ' ia a private one, entirely outside of - area of the Immigration Society's < ; pensations. White labor has been foi I to be too exponsivo for cotton culture , a profitable industry in this State, i i there aro various objections to Ohioan i Thero aro in this Slate many old ai j bellum cotton plantera from tho Soi I who bare faith in the adaptation QL i soil, and climate of South^J^J^f^^ I with the proper ^^?tjg^g l6n? ) the great jM^jj** nearL|l??*w^ A Talk With the Bors About Halting tho Most of Tue nisei rcs. "I don't know what to do," said ono 'ust stepping from the threshold of l> >y hood. "My ability is not great. If I enter college Ibero must bo long years of preparation. The fitting schooL the col lege, the professional school each demand their weary yearn. "If I engage in mercantile business, I must commences at the bottom round. I must sweep the atore and run errands and do np bundles. I must slo-ly rise if nt all. How do I know I HIIUII rise; I have no capital and my busincss'capnc* i ty is not wonderful. "If I engage in manufacturing, lhere, top, I ni'ist begin low if I would riso high. I must go Into the lowest ronni of th?> mill. I must learn nil tho disngreo able details of the business. It will take inc years to learn, and after all 1 may fail. "If 1 nra to bo a farmer I must havo long years of disagreeable plodding. I must pick II 11 atones and drive cows and water horses, and do a thou and unheard of chores, hefore 1 am prepared lo even mn in debt for a fnrm mid go into buai neaa for myself, lt is a hard row to hoe. The field of life is a rocky one. I believe I'll settle down in my little corner, do ns well as I cnn tho humble work that comes to me, Inko the hitter with tho sweet, bo content with ti lowly lot, nod tiing ambition to the winds. I nm a common hoy-I might ns well recognize tho fact now as ten years hence." Let me speak ?IR n friend who ha? traveled this rocky road many years bo fore you. Let mo tell my little story. Let me give you ti big doso of that medi cine so often prescribed, so seldom taken -advice. And, fif?t, i would say, the way ia rough. There is no flowery path to suc c?da. The r^au to honor and usefulness is not a paved ono. Whatever vocation you choose, he it law or medicine, or the ministry, or agriculture, or merchandise, it is work, work, hard work, nnd up bill work nt that. "I don't know what to do," you nay. It may not bc timo to malro a finnl de cision. There aro mnuy lesions you ought to learn, no matter whnt pursuit iu lifo you follow. Have you lenrued tboHe? Hut if you lead that thc time bas really como, that you must decido and yet you cannot, thon nsk advice, ask some ono in whose judgment you hnre confi dence. Think over it. Prny ove Jit. Take it. Once taken, don't stop to look back. (Jo to work with a will. Don't say, "Oh, dear, I wish I bad done some thing else; or, I nm not suited to this business; or, I don't believe I shall suc ceed." Unless health fails, or (acts show unmistakably thnt you tire on the wrong truck, push on. "How do I know I shnll rise," you say. Resolve that you will. Where there is n will there is ti way. Thoso who have made their murk in ilmost every calling uro not linne who lind the quickest apprehension, nor tho most retentive memory, nor tho most lin,bb; fingen?, nor the most unerring judgment. They are those who have persevered. They did not fail; because they would not fail. The boy who cnn work steadily, willi ono purpose in view, who cnn do little by little his work, and can keep on try ing till ho does it well, that boy has no right to sny, I havo no ability. Ho bas ability, the highest kind of ability, and it is h iii duly to make tho most of il. He owes it to himself. He owes it to tho world. Ho owes it to his God, aud to thoso ho loves nest to God. Make, then, tho most of yourself, my young friend. There is more good ma terial than you think. The Meei needs tempering, tho iron needs working, and it will take time, but it is good solid ore, work it well. The strongest, the bravest, tho best men havo been those who bud a hard row to boc, and who hoed it. Hoe away, ny boys. Pull out tho weeds. Work ?ard. Don't bo discouraged. There is sunshine on tho hilltops. There are llowers by tho roadside You shall not want a loving word, and if need be a helping hand.- Golden Rule, Tho Kcal inventor of tho Steamboat. Itobert Fulton is generally croditcd with being tho inventor of the steamboat, and by many peoplo be is also supposed to have been a nativo of New York. Both of these notions are erroneous. Ho was not the inventor of tho steamboat, and bo was n native of Pennsylvania. The inventor of the 9tc.imboar v?nn Jo., a Fitch. This icm ark able man, a native of that part of old Windsor that ia on the East side of tho Connecticut river and is now included in tho new township of South Windsor, conceived the idea of a steamboat while living in Philadelphia, in 1784, twenty-three years before Fulton started his boat. Fitch went ahead with bis idea-petitioned Congress in 1785 for aid to build his ves sel and submitted his model to the Amer ican Philosophical Society of Philadel phia. He received some assistance from individuals, went ahead, built a boat, the Perseverancef&nd had it in actual opera tion on the Delaware on the 1st of Slay, 1787. His engine was tho first double acting condensing engins transmitting power by mums of cranks ever construct ed. The bo.\t made several trips up and down the rivet* ; but owing to the difficul ty of keeping the piston tight against the comparatively rough interior surface of the cylinder, the rate was slow-only three miles an nour Fitch then improv-. ed it, co that in 1788 it made eight miles an hour. It was then put iuto regular uso on the Delaware. Fulton saw it-and io the latter year saw Fitch's model iu Paris, where the inventor bad taken it in the vain hope of getting French artisans to build a steam er. Fulton, who, unlike Fitch, had the important aid of wealthy friends, failed io the invention of a submarine torpedo boat. Then he undertr some seven teen y eura after Fitch'* triumphant de monstration on the Delaware, to mako a steamboat to ply on the Seine, at Paris ; but it proved a total failure. Ho then went to England and Scotland and stud ied up the mechanism of a steam canal towboat, which, built on a wrong princi ple, was trying to do work on tba Clyde. Having tho means, ho bought n powerful engine of Watt's invention, in England, in 1S06, and sent it to the United States, where, in 1807 he got it at work on the first Hudson river steamer, tho Clermont. This boat tnado five miles au hour up stream-not equal to Fitch's boat on tho Delaware twonty years before. But Fitch was poor and destined always to bitter trials and disappointments Fulton had powerful friends and obtf ' unjustly tho credit of beiog ?hot?*^0*01 of tho steamboat. Fitc^^?Jl^P' pointmcnt and oh^fl %h^a^ ? mSl _j._-^?iropium ; Fulton goes tZ**223t&8^*r & th0 Capitol. n^^fmotj will yet right this mattor ?ttfuci? justice to John Fitch.-JIart/or Vail;/ Times. - Wisdom ls excellent, but it i ly important to add integrity a to our wisdom.