Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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i BY E. B. MURRAY & CO ANDERSON. S. C. THURS!'?AY MORNING. FEBRUARY 7. 1884. VOTJIME XIX.-NO. 30. SlouevfftU Jacksuu. Wilmington A'. C., Review, Considerable of a discussion seems to hare arisen ia regard to tbe time at which Geo. Btouewall Jackton received his death wound. Mr. T. J. Capps, of J Onslow county, who drove the ambulance which conveyed Gen. Jackson to the rear, says that it was in the afternoon. To controvert this Rev. L. C. Vass pub lished a communication in the Newborn Journal saying that it was after dark, and Capt. A. H. H. Tolar, ?f the 18th regiment, who was at Chancellorsville, wrote the Review from Colorado City, Texas, where he now resides, alsostatiug thal it wat dark when the fatal mistake nan made. Still further testimony ie deduced from Oen Ja?. H. Lane, who commanded the brigade at whose hands the death wound was dealt, confirming what Capt. Tolar and Mr. Vass have said, (ion. Laue writes Maj. D. T. Caraway, of Newbera, in reply to a lotter from that gentleman. He says: AUBURN, ALA., Jan. o, 1884. MY DKAU MAJOB :-In response to your letter askiog for information about the wounding of Gen. T. J. Jackson, I would respectfully refer you to my offi cial report of tba battle of Chancellors ville, dated May 11th, 1868, and to a letter dated January 1st, 1878, written by me fur the Richmond Dispatch, at the reuuest of oue of ito editors. Both of these are to be fouud io VoL 8 of the Southern Ilitlorical Society Papers. From them you will learn that McGowan's brigade aud ours were not ia line io Jackson's flank attack ou the afternoon of the 2nd of May, but marched by tho flank, along: tbe plank road, the rear of the artillery- ours being ia front-aud that as soon as it wea arc-eriaiued that the enemy were rapidly falling back be fore Rhodes, we pushed forward with tho artillery beyond our second aud third lines to within a short distance of tbe first. Here Gen. A. P. Hill, in person, ordered me, ai dark, to deploy one regi ment as skirmishers across the road, in front of Rhodes, and to form line of battle in rear of my command, for the purpose of making a night attack and capturing the enemies batteries, if possi ble. While I waa giving my orders to this oflbct, both sides opened a most terrific artillery fire along the plank road, in which our brigade bad baan baited. To savo my men from this murderous enfilado fire, I st ouce ordered them to lie down, and my staff and I dismounted on the left of the road. During thh? artillery fight, Col. W. H. Palmar, of Gen. Hill's staff, gallantly crossed the road aud in the dark inquired for me. I called bim and on bia coming up, we remarked upon tbe severity of the fire, tho low flight of the enemy's shells, etc., and when be informed me that Gen. Hill wished to know why I did not form my line as I bad been ordered, I requested bim to tell Gen. Hill that I had not attempted it on account of the terrific and murderous artillery fire, and that if be wished me to do so successfully, would have to order bis artillery to cease firing, as I believed the enemy were keeping up theirs only in response to ours. All old soldiers know how difficult it is to manouvre the bravest troops in the dark, under a murderous fire, through scrubby oak? and ; iuo thickets, and over the abattis of the enemy's abandoned works. Col. Palmor, who had a most varied and trying exp?rience that night, has frequently told me that he delivered my message to Gsa. Hill, and Hill, through him, ordered Maj. Brixton, of bis artillery, to cease firing. Aa soon as this was done, the enemy, as I bsd ex pected, also ceased their firing. I theo deployed tb? S3rd regimeut under Col. Avery aa skirmisher?, aud io rm ed Hue cf buttle in its rear. Th? 7th and 37th reg iments wore on the right of the plank road, sud the 18th and 28tb, on the left -the left of tbe 37th and right of tho 18th rested on the road. Wheo I gave my orders to my regimental commaudore, ? informed them that we would occupy the front line for the purpose of msking a night attack, aud as there would be ; nothing before us but the enomy, they must keep a sharp lookout to tbe front. After I bud formed my line from left to right, I rode, back to the plank road to report to Gen. Hill and there, io the dark, I met with Gen. Jackson, who re cognised ms first and asked, "Lane, whom are you looking for?" I replied, "Gea. Hill, who ordered me to form my .line for a uight attack, which I have 'doue, and I now wish to know whether I w?st advance or ?wait further ord?rs," .he.i added, "but Gea., I ?oa'i S?Q^F hen Gen. Hill is, and as be is acting oder your orders, it would save time, ere you to tell me what to du." To this, Gen. Jacksoo, io aa earnest one and with a pushing gesture of tbe igbt band ia the direction of the enemy, eplied, "Push right ahead, Lane," and rode forward. Thia WM tba last time I ever saw my old V. M. I. Professer and Commanding Lieut.-General. I then rode to the right to put my line io mo ioo, and found that a Lieut.-Col. Smith, of a Pennsylvania regiment, had come ia with a white handkerchief tied to a tick, to Uara whether we were "confed rate or Union troops." S-302 &?te; this, our skirmishers ita ihs igbt fired, sa-I afterwards learned from I. Avery, ?it a mouuted persoo wbo odo up to bis lia? ?nd celled for Gea. illiams, ead thia drew the enemy? ar ljcry ?od infantry fire and there waa ug all along our whole skirmish lino, hon I ordered the old 7th forward, me of its officer?, ?od especially the rev? and coble Lleut.-Col. Hill inform rn? that they were satisfied that there ere troops of come kind on our right, ntl advised me to reconnoitre io that rectioo before advanciug. 9,iz- Peader then ?.odo up, Cil?ad BIS ide ?ad advised me not to advance at fi " Geos. Jacksoo and Hill bad both "Q wounded tod it waa thought by my mmand. Lieut. Emack, with four men from the tn regiment, wa: thou aeut to recon ottre on our right, ?od they ?ooo return with Lieut..Ool. Bm i th's Fermoy Ivan ia jtoent, which bad thro wu their arms od surrendered, on repreeeoUtioos made them by Lieut. Emack. While Lieut.-Col. Smith waa telling o that he did not think we could boo ably capture bia regiment, aa he waa ia r unes1'with ? flag of truce," the ene y s artillery oponed upon ua again, und e Pennsylvania regiment broke for our f. tumbled over their own ebandoued "s, ?od lay bid and sheltered in the ?ts until the firing ceased. Lieut. J. Smith waa then turned over to Capt. dam's,. of Gen. Hill's staff, and bia .?mont ordered tn the rear under Capt. oung (our boy captain) and his compa ?n Boing to the plank road, I there reed from Col. Barry (then Major) of e 18th regiment, that he knew nothing Generals Jackson and Hill having no to tho front, thal he could not Uli i n0m fo? inthe ,/ar/j ?nd in eucb a S?i (low scrubby oaks), that when the irmish Uno fired, he beard the clatter K of ap preaching .horsemen end the w cavalry, and that he ordered his to fire. jt WM g?nerai? understood * oight hy my command that the 18th regiment bad not only wounded Generale Jackson and Hill, but killed como of their couriers, and perhaps some of their I staff officers, as some of them ?ere miss ing. Col. Palmer, finding that the 18th regiment kept up its fire and seemed de termined to kill them all, threw himself from bis hors* and seriously injured his shoulder. In conversations afterwards Gen. Hill always told me tbst he thought be was wounded by the enemy, and Gen. Jack son by the 18th regiment ; and Col. Pal mer is of the same opinion. In all my intercourse with Gen. Hill, I never heard bim, nor hare I ever heard a?y one else, censure the 18th regiment for firing under the circumstances ; and those who knew our talented young friend Barry, will always remember him as one of those fearless, dashing officers, who was especially cool under fire. After this unfortunate mistake, the whole of my command wes moved to the right of the plsnk road; ?nd about raid night we repulsed two attacks made by Sickle?, in which we csptured tb* colors of the Third Maine regiment and a good many prieoueis, including a number of liold and company officers, snd two staff officer?, one ol which wso sn Aid lo Gen ersl Williams. Next morning, about sunrise, our bri gada, under orders frotu Gen. Hetb, made a direct front attack upon the enemy'e breastworks and carried them ; but as our supporting brigade broke in our rear, we were drives back befor* Bamseur's brigade of North Carolinians cou1 com* to our assistant?. Kamaeur went forward and wa? also repulsed, after reaching tb* works, with a similar terrible loss. There wer* twenty-eight pieces of artillery bearirrg upon us from the Cbaccallonv?,,? j bill. Tb* es?oi? ?are finally and suc cessfully driven by Gen. ?tuart in a flank movement of infantry and artillery OB our right. My entire loss at Chancellors ville wu 72 officers and 837 man, making an aggregate of 909, a little more than one-third of'tb* force carried in. We went in with eleven field officers and came out with only on* (Barry) foPduty. Col. Purdy and Lieut. Col. Hill w*r* killed, and the others were wounded. I have not seen tb* article of Mr. Capps to which you r*f*r. I can say, however, that tho statement that be. a* ambulance driver at Chancellorsville, on the 2nd of May, 1863, took General "Stonewall" Jackson, wounded, to the rear, about tbrce-qusrters of an hour be/ore ?unser, si a? remarkable to me, a* the statement of a Virginia officer, pub lished in 1872. that no night attack wa* ordered by GOD. Jackson on the 2nd May, 1863, and that the immortal "Stone wall*1 was wounded while riding along the skirmish line looking after the com fort of bis men. As a cadet and an Assistant Professor, I was at the Virginia Military Institute for five years with General T. J. Jackson, where he always addressed me as "Mr. Lane," though in the army, he alway* most pleasantly called me "Lane," and J know that it was the same "Old Jack" of the V. M. I., now the immortal "Stone wall Jackton" of Confederate fame, who on 'ho night of ibo 2nd of May, 1663, while toe mournful cry of the whippoorwill was ringing in my ears from every direction, ordered ai* to "push right ahead." BetpectfuUy, JAB. H. LAME. They Went Unprepared, We came upon thom at the close of a September day, five miles out from Co lumbus, Nebrtikt, their "tchooner" anchored on the prairie set rbr the night ! and tbs??anrJer#iapr?parinii the!t evf|;?iTJg mesl. Thc little Arabs, t?scd about ia an extemporized hammock while father fetched the water from the stream and mother boiled the potatoes and broiled the grouse shot two hours befor*. Clos* by tho horses were coralled. Old Tow ser, the faithful watch dog during all these long journeyings-stretched under the wagon waiting bis finish at the vict uals, which, however, a soaring hawk apparently believed would fall lo bis lot. It was a most picturesque scene, as the setting sun cast a flood of light upon all around, and then disappeared beneath tho billowy grass, just as one tees the bright orb drop below the ocean waves, They bad been travelling all day, pooi things. Man and beast were weary and worn. They bad been to the far West, and were now wending their way slowlj back borne East of the Mississippi, heart sick and disappointed with days and weeks of travel bsfoxs ib?s. W? dltj not question tb*m too closely, but it w?f plain to observe that they belong to thal large class '/ho push for the far Wesl without sufficient forethought and Drep arttion. Very many reach their deeti nation in tafaty, construct a sod bone*, break a few acres, and then b' va no meant to tide them aver unti' bey cai harvest a crop. Othert lose their crop and are unabl* to winter. Still other become discouraged owing to sicknet. and other canses, and are bound to ge bock east again, no matter at what tacri flee. If they nave not funds to carr; them back by rail they drive back, con suming weeks and even months io mak ing thc reiuru trip. So it transpiras tba at certain seasons and in certain iocaii ties in the Western 8tatet and Territorio, cltimt and breaking? can b* bough from discouraged owners at a fraction o their value. Frequently tb* dishearten* settler, after b* bas built bis boute, mad bia first payment, and broken ?birt acres or more, will "1st the whole busi nest slide" for enough to carry him on bis family out of th* country. Durin the grasshopper period, the pretiri? rotd of Kansas and Nebraska were et time fairly aliv* with returning settler*, who? crops bad been devoured, and who? claims were being bought at a cong b cormorant tpectatort or old and ne< come? who had more faith io the futur of tb? country. In 1875-6 and 7, tba railroad* expor .need great difficulty io telling tba laudo in tom? portions of Kansas an N.bra-ia, the abandoned claim* were i numerooe and told at tueb low figure Often tbe deserters after remaining Ea for a year or more, will return again, I find the claims wbicb they gave op up held by thrifty occuptntt aud ?erv vail able. So they bav* to push on ?Uli fu tber away from the railroads, where lam ara cheaper, and begin all over cgain. Moral.-Don't be tempted by the all rio* advertisement* of some railroad .tart for the o*w West, before voua fully equipped. And when you do stai no expecting to encounter hardship and determined to stick it out, tbou( grosshoppora, or tbort crops, or rail Masons!,or blasting winter*, are ampi yonr earlier ?xperTences. Theo tic will bring vou entail *^-?A7IDr? , JUDD, in American Agneuiturut for it mary. Bright'* Disease of the Kidney*, DI betet and other Diseases of the Kidne and Liver, which yon are being so frigl ened about, Hop Bitters is the onlr tbii that will surelv and permanently prey? and cure. All other pretended eui only relieve for a time and then ma you many times woree. "SOCIAL PROBLEMS." Ur. Unary GMrgt's UUitWoA In Sup port ot bia Land Theories. Mr. Henry Gcorge'e now book, "Bocial Problorua," ?a reviewed at length by the English newspapers. It may beat be de scribed aa a aeries cf abort eaaaya io illustration and expansion of the funda mental thesis expouoded io "Progresa and Poverty." Io tbs Utter work Mr. George cia ima that the progresa of mats* I rial civilization tends, necessarily end in evitably, to increasing inequality of social al conditions, so that as tbs rich get richer the poor gat poorer, an 1 it assigns as the main cauta of this io< ress lug in equality the "fundamental mistake of treating land ss private property." The main inference drawn from thia funda mental assumption is sufficiently familiar to all readers of Mr. George'a earlier work ; it ia that tho true remedy for so cial difficult!** lie? in the complets abc lilion of private property in lend.* Thia ia the root of the evil, and if thia be once extinguished ell other evilo of the social ?tate that are really remediable and not inherent iu the nature of thioga will gradually but aurely disappear. In bia present work Mr. George very considera bly enlarges the catalogue ot these evils. According to bim, capitalists, monopo lists and fraudulent deapoilera of other men's rights will be swept away, nstional debts will disappear ano each man that lives will enter upon bis right to enjoy that portion of tba earth's surface which is inalienably bis according to tbe'irro fragable and eternal principles propound ed in the Constitution of the United Bute?. Tbeae results, together with the futility, in bib view, of soy remedy leas dra=lie tilt? his o?z, ?:? dispU-yod by Mr. George in an ingenious illustration which givea hia own peculiar views in bis own forcible Language and exhibits the enormous extent of nia assumptions sod the inflexible rigor of bia conclusions : "Suppose an island, the soi1 of which ia conceded to be property of a few of the inhabitants. The rest of the inhabi tants of thia island must either hire land of these Landowners, paying rant for it, or asll thoir labor to them, receiving wages. Aa population increases the com petition between the non-landowners for employment or the means of employment must increase rent and decrease wages until the non-Landowners get merely a bare living, and the landowners get all the rest of the produce of the island. Now, suppose any improvement or inven tion maao which will increase the effi ciency of labor, it is manifest that, as soon as it becomes general, the compe tition between the non-landowners must give the land-Owners ail the benefit. No matter how great the improvement be it can have but this ultimate result. If the improvements ore so great that all tbe wealth the island can produce or that the landowners care for can be ob tained with one-bslf the lsbor, they can: 1st the other half of the laborera atarve or evict them into the aea, or if they are pious people of the conventional sort, who believe that God Almighty intended these laborers to live though He did not provide any land for them to live on. they may support them as pauper? or ship them off to nome other country, os the English Government is shipping the 'surplus' Irishmsn. But whether they let them die or keep them alive, tbsy would have no use for them, and if im provement still went on they would have ute for less of them." DAKGEB3 TO CIVILIZATION. In another part of hie work Mr. George points out the dangora which threaten society ahould these social problema be aeglected : "It ia startling to think bow destruc tive in a civilised nation like oura would be auch fierce conflicts as fill the history oj the past. The wara of highly civiliz ad countries, since the opening of the ara of steam and machinery, bave been duels of armies rather than conflicts of peoples or classes. Our only glimpse of what might happen were passion fully aroused waa in the atruggle ot the Peria Commune. And, aince 1870, to the knowledge of petroleum hos been added that of even more destructive agenta. Tbs explosion of a iittls nitro-glycerine under a few water-mains would make a great city uninhabitable ; tbs blowing up of a few railroad bridges and tunnels would bring famine quicker than the wall of circumvaUation that Titus drew around Jerusalem ; th* pumping of at mospheric sir into the ges-sssics, and the application of a match, would tear up every s!;**-=t and level avery hon?. The Thirty Years' War set back civilisa tion in Germany ; so fierce a war now would all but destroy it. Not morely have destructiva powers vastly increased, but the wholo social organisation has become vastly mors delicate. "In a simpler state, master and mao, neighbor ana neighbor, know each other, sod there is that touch of the elbow which, in timas of danger, enables socie ty to rally. But present tendencies ara to tho lou of this. Ia London, dwellers in one bouae do not know those in the next, the tenants of adjoining rooms are utter strangers to each other. Let civil conflict break or paralyse the authority that preserves order, and the vast popu lation would become a terror-stricken mob, without point or rally or principle of cohesion, and London would be sack ed and burned by an army of thsives. London is only the greatest of great cit ies. What is true of London is true of New York, and the asme mestura true of the mai ~Hiea whoas hundreds of thousands . ; steadily growing toward milliona. These vast aggregstiona of hu manity, where be who seeks isolation may find it more truly than in the desert, where wealth and poverty touch and jostle, where one revels and another starves within a few feat of each other, ?et separated by ss great a gulf as that zed between Dives in hell and Lazarus in Abrabsm's bosom-they are centres and types of our civilization. Lot i ar or shock dislocate the complex sad delicate organization, let the policeman's trun cheon be thrown down or .wrested from bim, and the fountains of the great deep are opened, and quicker than ever before chaos cornea again. "When a mighty wind meets a strong current lt does c ot portend a emooth sea. And whoever w.U think of the opposing tendencies beginning to develop will ap ??redete the gravity of the social prob sms the civilized world must soon meet." -- An Iowa boy fiftsen years old work ed a month for the family physicist), and was given instead of the ten dollars ha expected a receipted bill for professional asrvicea, which tho doctor bsd rendered on the occasion of bis birth. This now way of paying old debts waa very disap pointing to the boy; - A man going home at a late hour in tho night saw that the occupant of a house standing flush with the street had left a window up and he decided to warn thom and prevent a burglary. Putting hit head into the window he called ont : "Hello I good poop-." That was all he said. A whole pailful of water struck him in the face "and as be staggered back a woman shrieked ->ut: "Didn't I tall yon what you'd get If you wasn't borne by 0 o'clock?" Two Obscure Ucroea. When the British marched up from Savannah, and took Charleston, ia tba Spring of 1780, they thought the r?volu tion was at an end in the Southern States, and it really seemed so. Even the pa triots thought it was useless to resist any longer, and so when the British ordered all the people to come together at differ ent places and enroll themselves as British subjects most of them were ready to do it, simply because they thought they could not help themselves. Only a few daring men, here and there, were bold enough to think of refusing, and but for them the British could have set up the royal power sgsio in South Carolina, and then they would have bees free to take their whole fores sgsinst the patriots further north. The fate of the wbolecountry depended, toa large extent, upon the courage of the few men who would not give up, evsn at such a time, but kept up the fight against all odds. These brave men forced tbs British to keep an army io the South which they needed further North. The credit of beginning this kind of partisan warfare belongs chiefly to two or three plain men, who did it simply be cause they loved their country more than their ease. The man who first began it was Justin Gaston-a white-haired patriot, who lived on a little stream called Fishing Creek, nesr Rocky Mount. Ha was eighty years of age, and might well have thought himself too ola to care about war mattera ; but he was a brave man and a patriot, and the people who lived nesr him were in the habit of tak ing bis advice and doing as be did. Whoa th? new* C?5i* *h&t T?*ls?cr? had V?l?#d A band of patr-hiiS; usdsr Co!, Buford, in cold blood. Justin Gaston called his nine sons and many of his nephews round him. Joining hands tb tte young men promised each other that they never would take the British oath, and never would give up the cause. Soon afterward a British force came to the neighborhood, and all the people were ordered to mest at Rocky Mount to enroll their names and take the oath. One of the British officers vent to see Justin Gaston, end tried to persuade bim that it wis folly to refuse. He knew that if Gaston advised the people to give up there would be no trouble;' but the white-haired patriot told bim to his face that be would never take tba oath him self, or advise anybody else to do so. As soon as tba officer left, the old man sent for his friends, and about thirty brave fellows met at bis house that night with their rifles In their hands. They knew there would be a strone force of British and Tories st Rocky Mount the ?ext day, but in spite of the odds against them they made up their minda to attack the place. Creeping through the woods, they suddenly came upon the crowd, and after a sharp fight sent the British flying helter-skelter in evorv di rection. This stopped the work of enrolling the people as British subjects, and it did more than that. It showed the patriots through the whole country that they could still give the British a great deal of trouble, and after this affair many of the men who had thought of giving up rubbed up their rifles instead, and formed little bauds of fighting men to keep the war going. Another man who did much to stir up partisan warfare waa the Rev. William Marlin, an old and pioua preacher io the Scotch-Irish aettlementa. These Scotch-Irish were very religious people, and their preacher was their leader in all things. One Sunday after the news bad come to the settlement that Buford's men bad been killed by the British in cold blood, the eloquent oid man went into tLc pulpit and preaebed abo.-* the doty of fighting. In the afierno-"j be preached again, and even when the ser vice was over he went on in the open air, still preaching to the people how they should fight for their country, until all the men in the settlement were full of fighting spirit. The women told the men to go and do their duty, and that they would take care of the cropa. These little banda of patriots were too small to fight regular battle?, or even to hold streng poets. They had to hide in the wooda and awampe, and only came out when they saw a chance to strike a blow. Then the blow fell like lightning, and the mea who dealt it quickly hid themselves again. They had signs by which they told ..ch other what ibey were going to do. A twig bent down, a few atones air ung zion* s path cr any other of the hundred ??o ail signa, served to tell every patriot when and vbe.e to meet hie friends. A man riding about, breaking a twig here and there, br making some other sign of the kind, could call together a large force at a chosen spot within a few hours. The man brought out in this way would fall suddenly upon some stray British force that was off its guards, and utterly destroy it. The British would at once send a strong body of troops to punish the daring patriot?, but the redcoat lead er would look in vain for anybody to punish. The patriota could scatter and hide as quietly as they could come together. Finding that they could not destroy these patriot companies, tho British and Tories took their revenge on women and children. They burned the bouses of the patriots, carried off their crops and killed their cattle, so as to starve their families ; but the women were as brave as the men, and from first to hut not one of then ever wished her buaband or soo to give up the fight. ff Ute patriots could not conquer the Britiab, they at least kept them in a hornet's nest. If they could not drive them out of Sooth Carolina, they could keen them there, which waa nearly as good a thing to do because every soldier that Conwallis had to keep in the South would have been sont to some other part of the country to fight Americans if the Carolinians had left the British alone. In this way .small banda of resolute mer/kept Cornwallis busy, and held the Stale for the American cause, until Gen eral Greene want Sooth and took com mand. Greene was one of the groat eat of the American Generala, and ofter a long campaign he drove the British out of the State. But if it bad not been for the partlaans the South would have been lost long before he could be spared to go there, and if the partisans had not kept a British army busy there, it might hove gone very hard with the Americans in , the rest of the country. When we rejoice in the freedom of our country we ought not to forget bow much we owe the partisans, and especially such men as Justin Gaston and the Rev. Wil liam Martin, who first set the partisans at their work, lt would have been much easier and pleasanter for them to remain quiet under British nile ; and they hod nothing to gain for themselves, but every thing to lose by the course they took. Gaston knew tout his home would be burned for what be did, and the eloquent old Scotch preacher knew that he would be pot into a priaon-pen for preaching war sermons to his people; out they were not men to flinch. They cared more fot their country than for themselves, and it was precisely that kind of men through the land, from New England to Georgi?, who woo liberty for us by sefeo years of bard Cgbtiog aud torrible suffering. Advice to ?ll Cottoa Farmers. W. P. Tarpley. of Henry County, Georgia, writ?1? as follows to tbe Farming World of Cincinnati, Ohio, on the sub ject of "all cottou" farming: We have planted and cultivated, and borne the best of the day, and tho season has come for a few daya' reat. How many have made a success or advanced in th? old mother profession by reflection and experiment? Kach eau now seo the fruits of bis labors developing. The Western farmer, that is akin to every body, looko over his broad seres of corn and smiles at the thought of a weighty corn crib and a disappointed winter. A Southern farmer, with a diveisity of crops, feel? himaelf an American citizen. H* han irarinsred his wheat and oat* and now enlarges bis corn crib, and makes nsw barrais for bis syrup, while bis fow acree in cotton bring him a few surplus dollars. But what is the condition of tho tuan who planted all cotton ? Truly be is a melancholy man. He began his work the drat day of January, and baa toiled through heat and dust, and now finds himaelf in the same tracks that he stood in fifteen years ago-so far as financial progress is concerned. He is perfectly exhausted, but, the worst of all is, bo realizes that a new year will dawn upon him again with empty bands. If that man does not need the sympathy of his people, who does ? I have endeavored to picture the con ditions of the two farmers, just as tboy exist. Thc OHO vf iii liier; ask, hov? csu i bett" mj*el?? Tell him to quit raiaibg cotuda, and he will invariably say that I am obliged to raise it ; I am io debt and I have no other way to get out ; and, furthermore, I have not tho necessary means to commence a different plan of operations. The truth is, be doss not know how to quit. Ue bas bren goiug the same way so long that it has become habitual with him. This is not supposi tion, but is the rtal condition of two thirds, if not three-fourths. Take the two different plans and comparo the figures. Take tbe one-horse farm, for instance. The farmer should sow fi vs acres in wheat, clean and break the land well, mow and harrow in aome half an sere of rye in September for early uso, ?ow another half in November, com mence tbe firat of January and sow teu acres of runt proof oats, and put thirty bushels of cotton seed to the acre, if your land is not good plant twelve acres in corn as early as possible; if the frost iocs bite it down it is that much tho bet ter, but plant it on your best land or manure it, if only with muck or rich dirt. Plant eight aerea in cotton aud five hundred b?rrela of compost to the ?ere of your own make, which will not ,oat you over two dollars per acre. Plant two aerea in sweet and Irish potatoes, sae acre in sugar cane upon a loos? aandy loam, it you have it. iou now bavo in the thirty-nine acres. The oats will make twenty bushels to the acre at the least calculation, or two hundred bushels for the ten artes, at twenty-five :enta per bushel, is worth one hundred ind fifty dollars. Cotton seed, worth thirty dollars, deducted, will leave one bu nd red and twenty dollars. Your corn will mske at least one hundred and twenty bushels, worth one hundred and twenty dollars. The tnt* acres in pota toes will make at least one hundred dol lars. The one acre in sugar cane, if it makes anything, will make seventy-five dollars' worth of syrup. The eight acres in cottoa upon average land, if planted as directed, will make five bales af cotton, worth two hundred and twenty Qve dollars, expenaea of compost and ginning, twenty-five dollara, which leaves two hundred dollara. You have made upon your diversified crops six hundred and fifteen dollars, with wheat, rye, fod der, shucks, etc., thrown in for good measure, and have put everything at its least figures. Now take the man that plants all cot ton. Twenty-five acres is aa much aa on? man can work, from which, if he gets seven bales of cotton, be will do nell. If he manages to gather it all himself, which is more than he can do, his expenses will be for guano, ginniug, tc., sixty dollars ; his seven bales of cot ma is worth three hundred and fifteen dollars ; sixty dollars deducted lsavos two hundred and twenty-five dollars just three hundred anti sixty dollars di?e??nee for a cas-horw farm. My opinion is the six hundred and fiitoen dollars will pay up all dues and leave enough to subsist on while making another crop and have a few dollars loft. It is no wonder that a maa does hot sue cojd with only two hundred and fifty dollars to feed man and beast upou. One of the great points to be considered, if a person wishes to succeed, is to econ omize and sav?. It is surprising to know bow little a person can live on, if brought to tb? necessity of it, for it is bette; to live cheap one year than all your life. By following this plan with a determina tion to go into debt as little as possible, in two or three years you will bo an in depsndent man. The Mystery of Dreams. A man fell asleep aa tbe clock tolled tbe first stroke of twelve. He awakened ere the twelfth stroke had died away, having in "the interval dreamed that he bsd committed a crime, was detected after five years, tried and condemned ; tbe shock of finding the baiter around bis neck aroused bim to consciousness, when ho discovered that all these ?vent? bad happened in an infinitesimal frag ment of time. Mohamed, wishing to illustrate th? wouders of sleop, told how a certain man, being a sheik, found him self, for his pride, made a poor fisherman ; that he lived as one for sixty years, bring ing up a family and working bard, and bow, upon waking up from bis long dream, so short a time had he been asleep that tbe narrow-necked gourd bottle, filled with water, which be knew be overturned sa he fell asleep, bad not time to empty itself. How feat the soul travels wheo the body is asleep 1 Often when we awake we shrink from going in the dull routine of a sordid existence, regretting the pleasanter Ufa of dream land. How is it that sometimes when we go to a strange place, we faucy that we nave seen it before? Is it possible that when one has been asleep, the soul bas floated away, seen the place, and bas that memory ot it which so surpriaes us ? In a word, how far dual is the life of a man, how far not? - Twenty-six homicides io N?w York sine? tho 4th of November, the dav of the Danville riot, says a Richmond pa* per, and not a Congressman bas raised his voice io favor of investigating these crimes. - It was at the close of the wedding breakfast. One of the guest? arose, and, .lass in hand, said: "I drink to tbe health of the groom-May he sec many ofays li ko th la." The intention was good, but the b:ido looked as if something baa displeased her. TUE DLL SS Kl) BABY. Au Ouiu Keilor from au OM Boy U? a Youag On?. DEAB Ezr.?: Wheo that baby you ?peak of arrirct, preparo to Uko a back heat. Take it gracefully, and occupy it without a murmur, for it ia the only one you will ever get. You have doubtless tusde your own plans about the way in which your first child shall be brought up-all prospective fathers do this. Do uot bo surprised to discover that you have uothiug whatever to do with the performance, but that you are to be merely a spectator, and from a back seat at that ! Tho child is going to be reared by your wifs and your wife's relatives and jour wife's old nurse and the family doctor. Don't forget this, or you may Qnd yourself in trouble. Tho counten ance of your wife's mother will seem pcrpstualfy to say to you : " Von nit oui /" X'hs nurse and doctor will remind you that they have brought up hundroda of babies before you were even thought of, and that you bad botter k jcp your little suggestious to y oui ?lui f. You have decided, for one thing, that your baby shall be plainly dressed-none of this wicked extravagance of laces aud embroidery for you. How chagrined you will be wheo you see the gorgooue "outfill" that havo beau smuggled into the house while you were away at your business. Thon, too, there will bo the preseut? which pour in from friends-a custom of which you never beard and for which you mado no allowance. Wonted shoe? are easy to make, aud every mail will bring thom to you from all pointa of the compass. The joko of it **, they will all St I A fir! thirteen I ??M? .-..!.. can knit a pfJf 02 pink oh c.-vi for a babe still unborn that will Ot as perfectly as ihoeo contributed by the septuagenarian mother of fifteen chil dren. Yes, you may be too poor to pay your rent, but you will see your baby riding proudly through tho streets in ita own carriage, aud coverod with an array of ribbons and spangles and crochet work which will make the glittering cos- < tume of the circus monkey look pale. 1 You have determined also that your child shall not be rocked. "When it cries," you say, "lay it. down and 1st it 1 bavo the cry out ; just aa easy to train a 1 child one way as tho other. If it is to be rocked and dandled and walked with ovary time it screams, the whole family 1 will soon be bond slavoa. Let us have 1 no eradlo iu this house and no springs i on our baby wagon 1" Here, again, pre- 1 pare yourself tor ignominious defeat. * You will have a eradlo with * lovely itsuopy and a fly-net, and the little car- 1 hage will have bounding springs, and ; four infant will be rocked on the tree Lop aod trotted to Boston to buy a loaf 1 nf tb? staff of life, just like all its pre decessors. When you ask who is going 1 to do the rocking and promenading at midnight and at cock crowing and with 1 a baby weighing twenty pounds, there 1 rrill be an ominous silence which means that you yourself have been selected for | .bat duty. The nurse baa told your wife t mat that's all yu're good for I I When you see the baby smothered in worsted jackets, shawls and afghans, per- | ipiring like a trotting horse and gasping 1 for breath, don't even venture to suggest < that it has too many clothes on. Of course you don't know the saving quali- | ties of pinning blankets, knit shirts and 1 ;lnnucl blankets ; and probably you 1 never heard that the child would dio in stantly . flannel wasn't kept over its 1 itomach. It is only out of pity for your I ignorance that the nurse doesn't knock ] you down. When your wife aays the bsby ls ; laughing, don't dispute her, whotbor you t :au see tho laugh or not. Only females 1 :an tell when a baby laughs, or interpret 1 ?ts other complex expressions. If you 1 lake a band in the business you will bo 1 iel down for a fool. Don't try it. Io < '.ho nursery you must be all things to all ivomea. < Prepare to dress yourself in the bath 1 room, receive your friends in the ball, 1 md to go to the barn when you want to j imoke. Your own room will gradually 1 issume the appearance of sometbiog be- 1 tween a drug store and a diet-kitcben. When you go out of it io the morning it 1 is well to be equipped for tho day, as you 1 may not be readmitted until bedtime. 1 If you go back to change your cuffs, the ? chances are that you wit! find the door locked ? ' % chorus of femalo voices' 1 pill info ' that you can't come in 1 bccauL? y is being bathed. Even 1 when ye J* Jowed to ont-sr, th?rc is ? ianger tait ??ie burly nurse will bustle 1 pou out again, whispering into your ear that the baby has got to bo "changed"- 1 whatever that may mean. Bathing and j zhanyinq will keep you in almost con- 1 .tant exile. Before your child gets into \ ihort clothes you will have spent about lix months titting on the stairs, "waiting to opeak to your wife." And yet, your ?rife still loves you. At times she even lays that she wishes she could do some thing for you. The trouble is that she I is completely uuder the control of "per- . ions ol experience," who tell her that if 1 she doesn't powder the baby and trample sn her husband, as they advise, her life will be a complote {allure. I have only mentioned these few things which happened to occur to me. There j is a vast hold of vaccination, teething, milk crust, bottle-feeding, wet-nurs?Dg, licknoss, christening, and "have the baby's picture taken," which I haven't touched upon at ail. If you ore alive lix mouths from now, I will write and advino you further. In the meantime take good care of yourself aud don't for get whet I have said about the back .eat. Your affectionate uncle. " Gee. Grant's Condition. Qen Grant will never be a well man ?gain. I doubt if be will ever again go out of the house. I called there Yester day by previous arrangement, out I found bim quite unable to see anybody. I walked through the great marble floor ed hall while walting for the message into the bijou of a reception room, with I ti ebony table and ivory carved orna* monta, a great bronze Japanese lettie on the shelf, an enormous turtle climbing up the wall-no, a closer inspection shows bim bung there by the under shell, the upper shell polished like a mirror. The creature's skiu - at the side wa* tan ned and painted and bestrung with rib' bons, while tho vital creature himself bas boon dug out and turned into heav- ] enly soup, and in his place now stiek tho latest newspapers ; into tba long drawing room, bejewelled with lovel* silver bas kets from Vicuna, rar? Stauda from Con stantinople, enormous vasaa of bronte, big enough to cook a calf, from Yoka bama, faience wara and clock of ormolu, trophies and trinkets from around the welcoming world. Then cornea the ser vant again ; General Grant did not sleep a wink last night. The only sleep he gets now ii little cat napa in tba day time. It is mostly pain that keep* him awake. His diet bas become rigidly simple. Indeed he baa little appetite for anything. I am seriously afraid that our moat distinguished citizen baa been seen in public for tba last timo.-Leiter to Botton Glade. . <. ' TWO-SCORE TEARS AGO. Som? Thing* Peoulc Did Than that Thoy I)o Mot l>o Now. ?ni francisco Chronicle. Family cooking waa botter than at present. Our motheia and grand-moth ers "took a hand" in it. Bread was made at home. Coffee was freshly ground every morning for breakfast. Tba grind ing of tbs family cofleo-mill was a famil iar sound of the early morning, long ere tho children nert up. Foreign help had lesa sway iu tho kitchen than now, and i European bsudi did not make a botch of] such puroly American diahea as pumpkin pie, cod fun cakes, pork aud beans, corn bread, buckwheat cakes and succotash. People theo did not live as long, nor was the sverags health a? good as it is to day ; they ate more meat, more grease, more hot bread, more hes - r dishes, drank mers at meale sud BUG; ward chewed more tobacco. Dyspeptics tod consumptives were' moro common ; disease and premature death were deroutly laid at the Deity's j door and alluded to as "dispensations of | Providence." Tombatonos had larger epitaphs and more verbosity engraved upon them. At funerals the undertaker cried with the mourners, the How of tears being proportionate to the expense of the fu neral. Coffins were very plain, and burial casket* unknown. Young folki in'couples counted it a Erivilege to sit up nights with the corpse efore burial, sod in many cases it wsa a welcome recreation. Now Orleant molasses, very black ana thin, was the common "sweetening" for buckwheat cakes. Ee?ncd molasses was comparatif ely icsrce. The bank bills were of State banks, snd the farther Weat thoir locality tho I shakier were they. Illinois and Indiana ? bills would barely pass in New York citv. Much of the til vor currency-"ix poo cos, shillings and dollars-was of Mexican coinage, brought to this country by the danta Fe traders. The country retail trade was better than now. People then could not so easily run by rail to the city and spend their largest cain sccumulstions for tho more expensive stuffs. Country dry goods stores renewed their ] stock from the city twice a year. The arrival of "new goods" created quite a Suttor. It filled the store for two or three days-until all tba women in the village had seen the nsw styles. Eggs were a 'hilling a dozen, and hot ter was considered high at eighteen peuce per pound. There wav "York currency," being sight shillings to the dollar, and New England currency, six shillings to the dollar. Business letters were more voluminous and formal than now, snd writton in a precise, round band. Isolated rural settlements contained a greater proportion of lunatics and vic tims of St. Vitus* dsnce than they do to-day. The railroad bad not strung placee to gether sod ibero were fewer hospitals for ipeciai disease*, hence most of theaa ?sea were kept at borne. The diet wrai more surcharged with grease. The winter breakfast at thou lauds of tables consisted of salted ham ind hot cakes. Dinner wss simply a hasty lunch at noon. Little importance was attached to tho neceasity ot good digestion or a period of reit after eating. The anmo heavy diet pro vailed in many families, without change, winter and summer. Hence on tho first approach of | ihe warmth of spring came "spring favor" and biliousness. For this tho doctors of tbs period gsvs strong cathar tics, possibly a "blue mass pill" or s dose sf "calomel." The regular profession then used mer cury in a manner which would now be deemed reckless. The patient was given i regular purgation and directed to "diet'' for a few days. Children were strongly dosed with cantor oil and rhubarb and islta and BSD na on the least provocation. ' It was a strong ags for medicino, and in age of strong medicine. Under such treatment tbs strong managed to recovar, the weak died, ind the medium class physically lingered on and suffered. Lightning rodi made their way into isa with difficulty. Tba ultra devout I iclually opposed them on tba ground that they .were to insult to Deity, and that il waa sn iaierfcienc* witn the works and aili of Providence. Negro miostraUy was just cropping1 HU io the travallog circus. There were gensrsJIy but two performers, who ca mmed male and female characters. Tho ; popular melody was "Jump Jim Crow." War Anecdotes. Adjutant General Townsend, of the U.! 3. Army, in his anecdotes of the civil war gives us the following : "General Town lend was at General Scott's headquarters when the dispatches came in announcing tba rout of tho Union forces in the first battta of Bull Ban. Tn regard to the noven: -nt, by the way, which ended so disastrously, the euther says that Mc Dowel's plans were approved in detail by the President ind his cabinet, and by General Scott and bis staff. Among oth ers to whom they were submitted. Gen eral Fremont was especially asked by the President if be perceived any objection, or could suggest soy improvemet ; not a word of criticism, however, was forth coming from any source, and the unlucky programme was unanimously sanctioned in al 1 its features. "Amid the panic and confusion that followed tho defeat, General Scott was at all events, it seems, unwavering as a rock. Whan reports wera brought him that the tebela were advancing unop posed on Washington, and would soon be on the Long Bridge, tba old soldier would calmly look on tbs informant and reply: 'It is impossible-sir I Weare now tasting tho first fruits of war, and learning what a panic is. Wa must be for all xinds of ramon. Why, air, we shall soon hear that Jefferson Davis has crowed tho Long Bridge at the head of a brigade of slepbante, and is tramping our citizens under tooti He bes no bri body elsa did, and 'for a time,' according to the anther,'there is little doubt that had. a squad of mea mounted on black horses (tba Virginia troop of 'Black I Horse'had been s bug-bear for some weeks) appeared on tho Long Bridge or in tho streets of tba city, there would I bava baan a slam pads worthy of a flock of sheep.' " - A nsw taste In men and women Shat "What a fiae-lcoking man Mr. O'Brien isl". He: "H'ra-hah-rather rough-bairn. I think. Can't say that I admire that loud-laughing, otrong-voiced, robust kind of a man. Now, that's a fine looking woman ho'a talking tot" She: "Weli-er-ioniowbat effeminato, you' know. Confess? I don't admire] effeminate women I" AN ABKANSAS UOVERNOR. A Carmor atoota an Ingenious Story Toller at th? Executive Mansion. An old fellow from Bear Wallow vis ited tho executive office the other day to talk with tho Governor and secure some thing to "blow" about the neighborhood. "Como in," said a pleaeaut-looking gentleman. "Are you thc Governor?" "Yea sir." "Wall, then, I've allus been mistaken ; about you. I had heard that you left one of your legs on a battlefield, but I BOO you've got two lege. How do you account for that?" "Easy enough. Whon I took my seat as Governor I had only one leg with me, having, ts you said, lost the other one in battle. A short time after I took my scat I noticed that another leg bad begun to grow out. At first I was alarmed, baving never heard of such a perfor mance, but after awhile I decided to await developments. The leg kept on growing until the ankle was reached. Then it stopped for a few days, and I thought that the resurrection business was entirely suspended, but I was wrong. Tho leg wat only gathering material with which to build a foot. After awhile the foot began to mako its appearance. It reminded mo of an old woman knit ting a sock. It would have tickled you to death to seo bow skillfully and human like the work of rounding off the heel went on. Occasionally it would drop a stitch, but, sir, it would hop back and pick it up. I was very anxious about the instep, but my fears were soon allayed, for it was ah?pod off as perfect as anything you ever saw. At last, when the performance reached the toes, hanged if I didn't think that I should itch to death, but I couldn't scratch, for that would have spoiled the work. When the job waa completed I could walk aa well as any man in town, and I even ran a race with an old negro down on tho river bank." "Did you walk around while the growin' was goin' on ?" asked the man from Bear Wallow, regarding the Governor with curious gaze. . "Ob, no. I had to remain'perfectly quiet and allow my leg to lie on a kind of a cot which I had prepared for tho occasion." "Did you talk to any of the doctors aboutit?" "Yes, but they did uot regard it as rc . markable. One of our leading physi cians said that the election to office was very frequently tho cause of legs and arms growing out, and gave it as his opinion that thia was the reason crippled roan wero always after offices." "It may not have seemed strange to tho doctor, but dinged if lt don't seem mighty strange to me." "It did to mo at first, but I soon got used to it ; and let me I ?re romark that when a man is elected Governor of Arkansas ho will soon get used to a num ber of things he never beard of before." "Now, when I go home and tell the folks that the Governor's leg has growed out, they'll believe it, for they don't think anything impossible with him, but when I tell 'em that I seed the Governor an' tot down an' talked to him familiar like, they won't believe it. Can't you givo me a sort of receipt showin' that I've seed you ? Jest Bay, 'This here is to certify that John Killprune, of Bar Waller, has this day had a conversation with me. I axed John to set down an' make himself at home, which he done, an' I found him mighty entertaining an' wush he come again an' fetch his folks.' Jes' draw up them words erackly an' sign 'om, please." "I'll do it, sir," and the receipt was drawn up and signed. Greatly elated tho man from Bear Wallow went down. At the State House gate be met the watchman, who asked : "That feller gone down from up yon der yet?" "What feller?" "That feller in the Govnor's room." "Ain't bo the Governor?" "Governor, the deuce. He's a jack leg lawyer from up in the country, an' h o'? hero try in' to get a pardon for a hone thief. The Governor s been dodg iti' him all day."-Arkanaaxo Iraveller. Buzzards In Charleston. Well do I recall a visit made early in . the morning to the city market one year ago, and my surprise to see such flocks of these ungainly birds hopping about, picking up thc- B?.ap?. Tue market* keeper noticing my interest communi cated to me marvellous stories of their intelligence, and what I then saw was really corroborativo IQ part of his story. The birds were collected on the peaked roof of* the market house, and they did not stem to be in any hurry to coma down to the street to gather the scraps of meat which the butchers had rejected. I asked him why they did not--were the? afraid ? "Ho hasn't coa-e yet, sur 1" "Who?" "Why the inspector, sur. Them buzzards don't dare touch nothin' till he Inspects." And presently he spoke up, "Hero he cornea," and I look ed up the street, marvelling much what kind of a yarn I waa getting, for what had a market inspector to do with a lot of carrion birds? My confidence was fast vanishing-"Not there, sur, ap there ; don't you see him ?" All I saw in the direction he indicated was a few buzzards flying toward the market. "That's him-watch him." I saw a buz zard alight on the roof, and tho color of bjis head was different. It was reddish, andi did see this fellow hop around, then doun he came to tho street, ana presently the whole flock followed. The market man, still pointing cut the "inspector," suggested to me that if I would buy some meat at a neighboring itali he would show me how tame they were, and perhaps they suspected that I came from a land where man was not on friendly terms with the buzzard family. "Them birds." said be, "knows mor'n some men; they knows th ?-day of,the week and when.Sunday comes just like av Christian, and up at the slaughter pons thoy can pick out the fat cattle and wait for him." The scrape of meat being purchased, he selected two of the tough est chunks and tied them.at each ead of a string about six feet long, casting this in the street the birds fought in bunches for the chunks, one trying to pull one way. another the other way ; they would hold the cord with their leet like a dog, till finally one more courageous or hun gry than the rest swallowed one chunk, tue string hanging oat of his mouth; the rest tugged at the other chunk of meat, our gourmand.braced himself, and tried to keep bis chunk where it rvoi do ing bim the moat good, bat his grin was not strong enough ; he could not bite off the string. A strain at th? cord by the other side-a distended neck. "He's , lost it," cried the market man. and the much-coveted morsel returned tc terra firma to be once more sought for, and so this black, unsavory company of birds. . hopping tideways, jostling .each other with their distended wings, fought and quarreled for their br?afcfast;--??r. JJat* timori Bay. : ? : r-,Earrings were worn by Jacob's fel? . i.y, 1782, Bro. . T