The Anderson intelligencer. (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, February 14, 1884, Image 1

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?5 ? iii. JD. mOxvxviLX Cfc v^VJ. AMDEKSON, S. C., THUKSDAY MOHNING, FEBRUARY 14, 1884. VOLUME XIX.-NO. 31. Letter from Germany. UNIVERSITY or LEIPZIG, January 10, 1884. ?;,Ulor intelligencer : The University of Leipzig bas connect (1 with it, ot present, about one hundred nd eighty-four Professors, including hose denominated "Privat-doceuten," whose office I explained io my letter rom Ootlingon. There are, this seme ter, three thousand four hundred Btu euis in this University. As is generally known, tho instruction H given entirely by lectures, with rare exceptions. In some of the Sanskrit classes, which are small, the students are sked to read. Tho only other exception f which I am informed is the Seminary, ii (he work in tho Seminaries of Lau guage tho studenta who are regular mem bers arc expected to work and give the results of their investigations. This work ia very difficult. In the Greek tier nary only Latin is spokon, and this is ..uo of tho Latin Seminary. The Greek Seminary has but twelve members, and each applicant for membership must submit a work which he hos performed, showing merit sufficient to engage in the discussions and work of the Seminary, before he is admitted to membership. Tho Seminary is conducted by a P ^fess or of the University, and .tho wo.k is usually tho interpretation of some author selected by him. Tho plaa of these Seminaries is vsry closely followed by the Johns Hopkins University, though in this latter institution no Latin iu spoken, aud English is the language of communication and the medium of in terpretation. The work of the Seminary is select and special. The general instruction of the University is through lectures. The students are allowed entire freedom os to what lectures they attend. They select tho courses of lectures which they will hear, and take notes upon them, which gives the cbaructer of dictation exercise to the school-room work, especially in tho departments of Language, Law, History, Philosophy, etc., in which no experi ments aro performed, as aro in tho de partments of Natural Science. At these lectures tho student bas point ed out to him the most important topics related to the subject of tho course in question and the main sources of infor mation relating thereto. The lectures embrace a critical treatment of the sub ject by the Professor, and then leave the student to investigate the facts and au thorities for himselt. Occasionally, in discussing tho origin of certain obscure forms in language, the Professor jtatcs his view and then refers to his own works to substantiate it, which is, as it were, an "argument in a circle" (the "circle" be ing that comprising his own brain); but that is a rare exception. The Professors discuss the subjects, so far as my experi ence goes, with fairness aud ability, giv ing the Btudeut the best views pro and con, and nowhere is investigation more thorough than in the German Universi ties. A student of Language may prop himself up with translations in some of our American Colleges, but in the^Ger mau University his scholarship is bis ouly support. About four hundred students attend a course of lectures in Law, given by Prof. Windscbeid. Thu is a large class for this subject. The size is due in this case, as in others, to the reputation of the Lecturer; but this does not mean that you may measure a Professor's reputa tion hy the number of his hearers. In Sanskrit the classes are very small, though the Professors quite-renowned. But it does mean that if the Professor has no reputation, he will have no hear ers. About Tour or five hundred study Med icine. In this study, however, the Uni versity of Vienna has a better reputa tion, and ranks with that at Paris and that in London. During last Winter there were about five thousand students at the University of Vienna, three thou-, sand of whom were students of Medi cine. The number of students here who attend the lectures in Greek by Prof. Curtius is about ninety, and a less num ber attend the lectures in Greek by Prof. Lipsius. There are here about twelve lecturero iu the department of Law, fifteen in Theology, fifty in Medicine, and in the departments of Philosophy, embracing Language, Mathematics, History, Sutu ral Ki?trry, Natural Philosophy, Logic, etc., there aro about ono hundred Pro fessors. This University is the only ono in Sax ony, and is by reputation equal to any. The Rector, Vho is chosen by the Pro fessera and whoso Office corresponds mere nearly to that of President in our Uni versities,'occupies a prominent position in Saxony, and many political privileges are attendant upon the office, the hold ing of which ls ouo of great trust. The Rector's position in public processions in which this King of Saxony participates is in company with his majesty. When the Rector is installed in office, he has placed around his neck a long, broad, gold chain, which signifies the favor in which be is held by the King. He also .bas presented to him the statutes of the University and a key, denominated tho "key of tho house," which he receives as signifying a delivery of the buildings into hit caro. Upon vacating his office he gives a general account of matters of interest to the University Which have transpired, during his term of office. There are many things whioh I would like to say in this connection with regard to the organization of the German Uni versities, but moat await' another oppor tunity. The political influence which goes ont from: the Universities ls very great. Hero I will take occasion to say that the political conduct of the students .is not watched so closely na is by abm? sup Poaad. In fot, io appearances, Germany ia quieter than England, which has all ita public buildings in Tendon guarded, and even visitors are prohibted from vis iting tho Jower of Westminster, except under certain recommendations. Germans talk constantin of tho possi bility of a war with Franco, and will not lose the "Niederwald" until the "His toric Rhine" is again Btaiued with tho blood of some of the bravest and best traiued soldiery in the world. The University possesses a great many buildings. Some of these are old and not very handsome, externally or inter nally, but a fine set of new buildings for the departments of Medicine, Chemistry, Physiology, etc., has been erected. The stone steps of some of the old buildings are almost worn out from their continued Ui?e. Some of tho classes in Medicine here are so large that the course must bc given twice during the semester. This is often the caso in Vienna, where there are so inaoy medical students. The University spirit among the stu dents here is very fine-better than that at Gottingen. A student soon catches tho spirit of caromi, thorough study, and sees the magnitude of his work. He enters upon a special line of study, which he seeks to understand in all its details, and no longer occupies himself with a variety of unrelated subjects, as ho does in aiost of our American Colleges and Universities. There is auuther institution here which I will mention as being ono of the most famous of ita kind in Europe-tho "Con servatorium of Music." There aro four hundred and thirty-six students in this institution, about one bunded and thirty of whom ore from England and America. Many Russians study music hero, but few Italians or French, who study at the re nowned institutions of their respec'ive countries. The Concert Hall of the "Gewaudthus" is built in perfect accord ance with tho laws of accouBtics, and, though small, is a fine audience room. A now and larger hall is b?ing built for the celebrated concerts which are now held in the hall of the "QowaudthuB." At these concerts one hears the best mu sical talent of Germany. Anton Rubin stein, who is now visiting France and England, gu\e a concert here recently, which fully sustained his world wide re nown as a pianist. Much remains unsaid with regard to the University, which I would like to say, but it is impossible for me to enter further into detaila, at present, which I may do when I have acquainted myself moro tully with the scope of the German "Gymnasium" as a preparatory institu tion and its relation to the University. THE "MERSE" OF LEIPZIG. "Messe" means Fair. As early as the twelfth century markets or fairs were known iu Leipzig. These fairs arc I formed of perBons of this city and visit?n I from various parts of the country, whe bring goodB here to offer for sale. At thc close of the fifteenth century the Empe ror Maximilian prohibited markelB o? this kind from being held ai any place I within a wide circle from Leipzig, anc guaranteed safe conduct to all frequenter! I of the Fair, which helped to give it iti present importance. There are also Fairs, o "Messen," it Dresden and other cities, but this is sah to be tho largest in Germany, and to i visitor of the "Messe" here the claim o Leipzig seems much to be preferred Those from abroad who now take part ii this Fair, as also some of tbo participant from the city, rent a place in the city an? xpose their goods for sale. The grea majority of people who come here fron the cities and country surrounding rea an open place in the city and erect smal wooden shelters or booths, suHcient t Keep the goods dry in case of rain. Som goods, such as china, etc., which the rail will not injure, are left unprotected, fron the rs'lu. This au'jieut Fair, with the necessit ci having it in the open air, or rathe oj un tho open squares or places in th city, hu done something towards kee? ing some open places from being occu pied with houses. Many of the people who engage in tl Fair are poor, and mako their living, fi the most part, by their sales here, bi many come here as the represen ta ti v< of fine manufacturing or merchant housi of other cities, and have good display in some lines. The "Messe" is regulatt by the city, and certain rules and pviv leges were early established by 1aW,*bt as exemption of tbe person engaged i business at the Fair from arrest until t? Fair was over, etc., aouie of which sti exist. The exact'time ai which ibo sales mi commence is established, and it ia n allowed ' that anything be sold until tl hour is announced by ringing the bell the City Hall. The time at which tl sales must close is also fixed. Further, upon certain days, only ce tain specified articles may be sold, ai the sale of all articles not favored is pi hibitod. This gives the Fair a fix character, and one may always kn< when to visit it for their purchases. T "Messe" of Leipzig is held three times year, as follows : First, from the seco' to the fifteenth of January ; second, fr< the twenty-first of April until the sev< teenth of May; and third, from t twenty-second of September to the eij teenth of October. The smallest of thi Fairs is that of January, which has 1 come more important in the last ? years. . j . I have noticed goods al the Fair fr Chemnitz, Bniuoechwelg, Frankfurt a many quite dUUut cities. -Many Ty lese and Bohemiana bring goods ht and at the more important Faire i said that xnany^persona from the B Including Greeks, Jews, Bulgarians i Turks, are present, makins the num of all visit?n something like thirty th Sind. ^ . . Furs, leather, carpeta, woolen and lin en good?, chains, articles of ware of va ! rioua kinds-including pottery, glass, I china, etc.-articles of clothing, etc., I etc., are offered for sale. Now aa to the appearauce and arrange ment of this Fair : Tho booths are not very large, aud are arranged in checker ed rows, leaving a somewhat narrow way between the differeut sets of booths for the frequenters of the Fair. Some of theso booths present an attractive ap pearance, and have a very good quality of goods, while others aro unattractive and perhaps the salesman may be found eating a meal, wbich has just been cook ed upon bis lamp-stove. A good many little shows attend the Fairs of thia and other cities. Some people make their support by these shows, and ?ead a sort of itinerant life. It is surprising to See how ntahy toys are sold fov two or three cents apiece. Many articles of Tyrolese carving aro cheap and well executod. The aale of furs is said to be very great, and that of leather and woolen goods also great. Many females aro engaged in selling the articles at the Fair-perhaps as many females as males. Tbe New Year's "Messe" bas closed, and the people bad a rainy, disagreeable time. ' CJJBIBTM?8 ?GU^AYS TJf GBHS?ANY: The Germans have about twelve uni versal holidays during. the year, upon which Cha pisces cf business and tbs achoo' " are closed. The principal of these occasions is, of course, Christmas. During what we include in tho "Christ mas holidays," they have (heir stOTes closed upon three dayB-the 25th and 2Gth December, and New Year's Day. The schools and University have two weeks as a rule. The custom of having a Christmas tree is, in Germany, quite universal. Al most every family has a tree, whether there are children in the family or not. These trees are hauled into the city io great numbers, and are provided with boards at the foot, serving to keep them in an upright position. They are then ready for sale. The fir tree ia mont usually found in the markets. The larger sizes used cost seventy-five cents to a dollar or two. Many of these trees were sold and carried home on Sunday preceding Christmas. They are usually ornamented, as with us, with colored glass, wax and other ornaments, and are provided with wax tapers. It is not usual to hang a present upon the tree, The usual time of presenting presents ie upon the evening of the 24th December, but the custom varies. The tree is usual ly illuminated upon the 24th and 25th. The Germana make much more ol Christmas than of the other holidays As with us, more business is done in cer tain lines upon the weeks preceeding Christmas than at other times. The dis plays of goods in the store winde v/s wen magnificent, and of tho greatest curiety Throngs of purchasers filled the street! every day. J.% seems to be quite a general iradi tun to have a cake denominated "stolle' upon this occasion. There are two kind of cake called "stolle"-one is with rai eins, and corresponds to our fruit cake the other is without raisins, and is a aim pie butter cake. Students who are awa from home often receive a box of tbi cake from their homes. Thia does no mean that this cake is not used on "ever? day occasions'' also. Another dis which I am told belongs more particulai ly to thia occasion, ia a "salad" compo32 of whito (Irish) 'potatoes (boiled an sliced), apple (uot cooked) and berrin] mixed together with vinegar. I am ut disposed to believe, however, that tb delicacy (?) has found any great favor 1 Germany or anywhere elee. I have seen very few displays of fir works in the city, and am told that tb? are not very commonly indulged in. The Germans certainly enjoy Chris mas, and try to make all present enjoy i Upon the last eveuing of the old year crowd usually gathers upon tbe merk place by the old City Hall to greet fl New Year, and aa soon as the Clo? atfikes the midnight hour the crowd di perses through the streets, making mut noise and often shouting "Prosit Ne 2 h~" which means '.'may the New Ye be of profit to you." . "Prosit," fro Latin "Pr-^um^meaning "to profit" "to benefit-' is used also by persons upi drinking to another's health, but is n regarded as ono of the most elega words, on account of its associations. . On Christmas-day the band compos of tho Military dlscoureed some very ft uusio. . The, "Watch on the ?bin ("Die Wacht em Rhein") was excellej ly rendered afifl thU'piBce of fSusIe m? bo very near to every German's heart. The first letter which you receive the new year ia deli.-ered to you in p son by - tho lotter carrier, who wishes y a "Happy New Year," and you are ? 'pectcd to ?give him a small present money. If you are not so fortunate to receive a letter quite early-in tho n year, this may be one of the last nt year greetings that yon receive. Tin is always service in the churches and i music upon Christ moa day a. Muny Iii excursions are made to tho neigh bot i villages and cities,' which afford P. pie ant recreation. J. S. M., Jr. - I'Wood ii the thingJtfter.all," the old man said when the mad dog a large splinter ont of his wooden leg t got choked with it. . ?-ii, tm Abs t ?iii r^fitL?j ,-^mei?m m Ste*** ??*? how his daughter ls coming on, and irascibly snaps back at you "well enoug take our advice and let well enoi alone. ;J * ?? <2> i *'Brfe^ betes and othw pto-^j&fcrjW and Liver, which you aro being so M{ encd about, Hop Bittern la tho only th that will surely end permanently prov and cure. All other pretended, ei only relieve for a time and thon m you fcany?me* worse.- .; $ K?HU<3 ARflISTEAD BURT. Kx-Oov. Perry In the Greenville Ku te rp ri ?? and Mountaineer. The sudden and unexpected death of thia eminent lawyer and venerablo gen tleman, respected and esteemed by all who knew him, wus a great shock: to his friends and the State at largo. He died in his ot?'je, all alone, of heart disease, No one was present to hear his last word'e) or watch over his dying struggle. When found he was lying on his sofa, as if in deep slumber. His eyes were closed and his arm across his breast. The features of his face wero unaltered aud his spirit had departed, as it were, without a strug gle. The last time I had tho pleaauro of seeing him he was in.fine health and looking remarkably for n mao of his age. He bad been temperate all bis life, lived prudently and was remarkably well pre served. Seeing him and bearing him converse, one would have supposed that he might have lived ten or fifteen years longer. He was a tall, fiue looking gen tleman with a remarkably imposing presence. He was cheerful in conversa tion, entertaining his friends with his wit and humor, as well as bia learning and wisdom. He was dignified in his man ners, though courteous and affable to all. It may be said that he was an accom plished gentleman of the old school. There nero few men in South Carolina, with whom i had been more intimate, and none for wL >m I entertained a more sincere regard. His dec th seems to bave deprived me of the last of my intimate contemporaries. He was three years my senior; our intimacy commenced with my admission to the bar. He kindly offered me an opportunity of making my first speech at the bar, in a murder case, tried at Old Pendleton, a few months after my admission to practice. It was a dreadful case of a man killing his wife and the only witness against him was his own daughter, only fourteen or fifteen years old 1 Mr. Burt was born in Edgefield Dis trict, November, 1802, and was conse quently in the eighty-first year of his age at the lime of his death. Hin father, who represented that district in the State Senate, moved to Pendleton when Anni stead was a Bmall ' -, and there ho grew up and was educawd in the Pendleton Academy. Although Mr. Burt was not a graduate of any college, yet he was a fine classical scholar, and few men in the State had a better knowledge of the En glish language or spoke it with more correctness and purity. He was artistic in his choice and use of v/ordu, on all occasions, whether speaking, censuring or writing. Ho read law with Hon. Warren R. Davin and was admitted to the bar in 1823. He commenced the piactice of bis profession at Pendleton and remained there till his marriage in 1828, v.-h on he moved to Abbeville. Mr. Burt had a commanding practice at both these places, although he had lo contend with Warren R. Davin and Thomas Harrison and Judge Earle at Pendleton, and with Governor Noble, Judge Wardlaw, Col. Perrin, Judge Mc Gowan, Judge Thomson, Judge Cothran and others at Abbeville. He waa elected a member, of the State Convention, call ed to nullify the tariff law, in 1882, and he espoused the cause of nullification with great zeal and ability. He thee served several years in the Legislature at a representative from Abbeville. Ic 1843 be was elected a member of Con gress from the Districts of Edgefield anc Abbeville by a large majority over hil opponent, Col. Whitfield Brooks, a gen tleman of learning and talents, and t member of the bar. He served in Con gress ten years and was re-elected ever, term without opposition. He tuen be came (ired of bis position and declined i re-election. [ After Mr. Burt's retirement from pub lie life be went to bis plantation on th Savannah River, adjoiulng that of Gov ernor McDuffjo'a, and occupied bimse) in planting for two or three years. Bu his partiality for the bar drew him agai to tho practice of his loved professioi He always delighted in lt. If he we not born a lawyer be was certainly bor for one and proudly fulfilled his destin] Ps? ra H ny y^ssn? dnrlsg the latter part < his lifo, ho stood confessed at the head < bis profession. He was learned, posses; j ed a most logical mind, very industriel in studying his cases and managed tbei in court most successfully. As a cri mi n i lawyer be was unsurpassed, and many culprit owed his life to Mr. Burt. Tb State reports will show the extent of h practica and bis eminence as a lawyer. i"?4<In Congress Mr, Bart did not *ake tb stand which bis talents and learning ac blgbrcharacter entitled bim to aaaum The bar was bis great forte. He was lawyer and not a statesman. L?gislatif, ?did not seem to shit the character of h mind.' In Congress he was diffident at did not trust himself forward in deba as others did with much less ability at learning. But In court be had tao dill dence, and was always self-possessed ai prepared for the conflict. Ho saw tl strong points of . hut case, and present? them to the court and jury with gre force abd logic.) Often he waa eloque as well as logical in his arguments befo the court. His great speech before military court in Charleston, in dofen of-Keys and others for murder, waa i tnarkable for its beauty and eloquent It was published in the Oharleston Com ?fTfiaJEd merit? preeervaUon. . . l3?r. Butt wasadiecSploof-?'i. Calhoi end espoused, as I have said, the doc tri of nullification with zeal and abilil But he .did not believe in separate Sic eeooaston> fie efcreed with me in eeyt that if any,movement was made by Sou Carolina, lt should:'be tn concert with i tho Southern States. 1 remember of 1 telling me of an article which h? b written for publication on the subject Stale action, and that he did not know the time that any one would approve of it except myself! When the issue was made, like all tho Union mcu of South Carolina, he went heartily with nh State. It is true, as has been Baid of him-"He staked his all on the issue and his handsome fortune was swept away." In his old age ho found himself pour, but he did not despair, and went to work as cheerfully and hopefully as ho did when he commenced his profession. Ho sought no office or honors uftcr the war. It is to be regretted that ho was not hon ored with a seat on the hench. Ho would have made a model Judge. I have stated that Mr. Hurt and myself were on terms of great iutimacy. We served together iu tho Legislatura for oeveral years, sat together at the same desk, slept in the samo room, cat togeth er at tho same tablo and were generally together throughout tho day whilst the Legislature was in session. On tho cir cuit wo practiced together, though on different sides of the same case aud were always boon compauiooH, cutting our wit and jokes at each other. Mr. l'art, with all bis dignity and pride of character, was full of fun and humor. In npeaking of our ages he affected to be my junior. I told bim playfully in company that when I was a school boy I went to Pen dleton Court and saw a tall, fine looking gentleman, exquisitely dressed and in quired who he was. I was told that ho was Armietead Burt, a promising lawyer who had just beeu admitted to tho bar, and was destined to be distinguished in his profession. He replied : "That cannot be so, for whilst I was a student in the Pendleton Academy I memorized a Fourth of July speech of yours made at Greenville, spoke il nt our exhibition and took the third honor !" Like William Pinkuoy, of Maryland, the greatest lawyer and tho most accom plished orator America has ever produc ed, Mr. Burt was alwayB particular and fastidious in his dress. I have frequent ly heard Judge O'Neal tell him that the honorable Warren ll. Davis took him into tho Court of Appeals, where Mr Burt was, to show him "a natural born dandy." It is true that Bomo men arc born to be always neat and particular ir their dress, whilst others are born slovens It is also equally true in regard to man nerd. Somo persons, in tho lowest sta Mons of life, aro naturally polite auc courteous, whilst others, born and edu tuted in the highest stations, are rude morose and ill-bred. Every ono hat seen in thc cours of his life many sud persons. When Andrew Jackson wa presented to a courtly circle of ladies ii New Orleans they expected to seo i rough, ill-mannered Indian fighter. Bu so great was their suppriso that the; declared his manners were princely an< they would have Bupposed that he hac been brought up iu a court instead o tho wilds of Tennessee. Mr. Burt did not open h?3 heart to al the world. I was in Washington whe ho left there a few days before Congref adjourned and never expected to roturn I went to the House of Representative and proposed that we should go and ca! on the President. He readily consente and as we were going I said somelhin to him about our returuing to the House He replied, "I do not intend to retm there." I said do you not intend to bi your friends and colleagues farewell "No," said he, "I will do that penance 1 mentioned this feet to his brothc Governor Frank Burt, who was then i Washington. He said to me, " Armistcr is not BO intimate with many persons i yourself. He does not care for evei acquaintance or companion he may mai in Congress or elsewhere." In early manhood Mr. Burt was a di believer in Christianity and onco pr nouuced it in my presence "a g rm humbug." Bot in after life, his opinio and convictions wore entirely change and he became a devout member of t! Episcopal Church. The Sunday befo death he knelt at the altar and ^parto of the holy communion. He was alws kind and charitable and obliging. 1 one was ever more honorable and big minded. Judge Huger, after serving session in the Senate of the Unit States, with Governor McDnffie ai keeping house'with him; said to me ti MCDL-31-3 *?S3 a Christian without kno lng it. This may have been the ci with Mr. Burt in early life. There i many persons who practice all tho Chi tisn virtues without making any profe ions of Christianity. And there i many too who make great profession religion and practice none of its dut in private. I have said that Mr. Burt did i take the high position in Congress which his talents and learning entit him. Yet there was no member Congress more highly esteemed by all a gentleman. His high sense of hoi courtly manners and conversational I ents won the admiration of all the mc hers. He was frequently called to chair to preside over the House when committee of the whole. Foi' several years before his death '. Bart was engaged in collecting mate and writing the life of Governor ? Duffie. It is greatly to be regretted i he did not live to complete this laboi love in his old age. It would have b read with great interest and valued bj literary men. His sketch of Ju Wardlaw, so admirable for its graj portraitoro of the high traits of Judge's character, is evidence enougl show what his life of McDnffie wc have been. There are few writers wt style waa so terse and pure as Mr. Bur and it is to bo deeply regretted that did not Write more, which would li preserved his memory in the future. to the Northern States, when a Uugwished man dies, his life is im m at ely written and published to the we Bot in South Carolina onr great men and are forgotten. There is no menu left of them or their greatness. 1 enough to eu (Tune the face of every Caro* liniau with tho blush of shnmo to think that no ono has written tho lives of such mon aa Calhoun, Chcvos, Heyne, Mc Dullie, Low mles, Ponsott, O'Neall, tho Pincneya ami Rutledges and many others ! Nothing could be more inspir ing to future generations than well writ ten lives of such mon. They would stimulate young men in all timo to emu lato their virtues, their learning, their eloquence and their patriotism. Mr. Hurt possessed a good deal of play ful sarcasm with his wit and humor. I onco witnessed a livoly contest in this respect between bim and Judge Butler at Anderson. The Judge remarked that he had teen more drunkenness at Abbe ville court tho past week than he bad ever saw at EdgeSeld. Mr. Burt observed that there was this difference, however : "In Kdgeiield the gentlemen got drunk, but in Abbeville they did not." Judge Butler quickly replied : "I did uot know that you had wy gentlemen at Abbeville to get drunk." Mr. Burt felt that the sarcastic retort was excusable and said nothing in reply. With all his good seuso and sterling honesty, Mr. Burt had a spice of affecta tion in bis character. On one occasion we wore seated at the dinner table in Columbia with Judge Huger, wheu a hugo dish of backbones was placed oppo site Burt. He looked at it with seeming curiosity and said, "Perry, what kind of dieu is thut?" I replied, "it isa dish, Mr. Burt, that you ?MU? I used to be very familiar with in Pendleton, during bog killing time, and you ought not to pre tend ignorauco of an old acquaintance." Mr. Burt WSB married in 1828 to Miss Martha Calhoun, the daughter of Wil liam Calhoun, and niece of John C. Cal houn, a beautiful and accomplished young lady, who died some eight or ten years bc foro him. They never had any children, nud at his death Mr. Burt was without a relative in the State. At the close ot the war, Presideut Davis and his lady were lodged with Mr. and Mrs. Burt in .his fine residence at Abbeville. It waa said that the Union army would burn the houso if they found President Davin nnd his wife there. Tho reply of Mr. Burt wa? it could not h j destroyed iii a better cause. The last time I had the pleasure of seeing Mr. Burt he said to me, "I believe, Perry, you know my age." "Yes," said I, "but you never would tell me, and mado yourself out much younger than myself." There was a gentleman present who was never known to tell his age. Mr. Burt said to him, "Colonel, you had better toll your age, for every one, from your appearance, will tako you to be len years older than you aro." Mr. Vance told me several years since ! that wh ?ha he aud Mr. Burt were reading my "Reminisceuses of Public Men," as they were originally published in the newspapers, he said to Mr. Burt that I would write ono of him. He replied : "I iutend to disappoint Perry and out live him." It hus happened otherwise, and I have now verified tho prediction of Mr. Yance and paid this last tribute of respect to the memory of a dear friend, whom I have loved and houorcd for more than haifa century. B. F. P.EBBY. Sari* Souci, November 20, 1883. Castor OH for Shoe Leather. There is one simple article which will render any decently-made boot thoroughly impervious. It is nothing more nor less than cold-drawn castor oil, "pure and simple." It is best applied before a mod . erste fire. Tbe beet to bs dressed shouid be quite clean and dry, and specie! care should be given to the welt and the tongaes and their stitching to the imper leathers. I generally begin by pouring the oil from the bottle all aroucd the welt, so that the angle between the sole and upper leather is quite Ailed with oil, and then proceed all over the coot, in cluding the edges of the soles, rubbing it in with the hand. When one is done, have a turn at the other, and so alternate-, ly till you have got in about a table spoonful and a half to each boot. The tongues, being thinner leather, should be quite saturated. Subsequent dressings 1 will not require so much oil. I bave i never found anything to touch this as a water-proof dressing ; the gelatinous oil seems to effectually stop every pore in the leather. There is another advantage for those who are natty in such mattera : The boots will soon take a good vcommon blacking) polish-so much so that a man may, if he likes, water-proof his ordinary walking boots for bad weather without spoiling their appearance. With a com* mon walking boot of ordinary thickness, apply the oil over the sole. Shooting, I wear boots so treated, over thick woolen socks, from eight to twe've hours a day; or more, without feeling the slightest in*. convenience in any way ; but they have the chilly feeling inseparable from nil boots that arc oiled ir. that way.-Lon don Held. Finding a Good Excuse. One day three or four weeks ago a re tail grocer over io Jersey sat down with his clerk one evening and said : "Jamen, I owe New Yo>k bonsss over $3,000." "Yes, sir." "We have $2,000 in cash in the safe, the stock is all run down and thu would be the time to fail in busi ness." "It certainly would." "Bot I want a reasonable apology to give my credi tors when they come down on us for ex planations. See if yon can't think of something to-night and let me know in the morning." The clerk promised, and tbe grocer wheeled a chest of tea and- ? bag of coffee home as a beginning. Next morning when he appeared at tho store the safe was open, the oasb gone,- and on the desk was a note -from the clerk read ing : "I have taken the $2,000 and am prepared to skip. It will be the best excuse in the world for yon failing so flat that creditors can't realize 2 cents on the dollar."- Wall Street Newt. - Religion gives part of ita reward io hand, the present comfort of having don? our duty ; aud for the rest, it offers us the best security that Heaven ?an give, - The Carolina Spartan ??ys ti little girl, nine months old, in tba low? pert of Spartanburg County, recently swal lowed 22 pantaloons buttons and 4 shirt buttons. She was not hurt by this gas tronomic feat. y... -, , j THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. Crops In 1883 ?nd 1882-The Prospects ot tits Farmers In South Carolina. Netos and Courier. COTTON.-The upland cotton crop of 1883 was 4(18,227 bale? of 400 pounds weight against 698,093 bales \u 1882. Tho area of tho crop was 82,660 acres greater, or'about 3J per cent.; the yield per acre declining from 192 pounds in 1882 to 129 pnuods in 1883, or about 33 per cont. With such a seasc J OS that of 1882 '.ho Slate in 1883 would havo made at least 700,000 balea of 400 pounds weight. A season that cut the crop down in Middle Carolina from 217 pounds per acre to 133 pounds, or about 84 pounds of lint colton per acre, can but bo regard ed as a singularly adverse one, if not one of a most unprecedented character. A propitious season in 1884, with such an increase of aroa aa took plAce in 1883, will give an upland crop of 800,000 bales of 4CO pounds. With a fair aver ago season tho crop will easily reach 700,000 such bales. COBN.-The corn area in 1883 was 1, 359,593 acres, or 8,288 acre? more than in tho previous year. The product was 10,876,744 bushels, against 18,127,870 thu previous year, chowing the enormous and entirely abnormal declino of 7,251, 129 bushels, and in yield per acre 6-13 bushels. With a fairly propitious season, the yield in 1882 was 18* bushels per acre for the State. Such a rate of pro duction, with an area of 1,360,000 acres, would give us a crop for 1884 of 19,210, 000 bushels. SMALL GRAIN.-Tho aroa in oats in 1883 was 41,000 acres less thai in the pr?viou? y*Jst*j being 321,953 icm to 362,373 in 1832. The crop was ..187.082 buebviti, against 7,929,970 in the previous year, showing tho serious decline of 8, 742,888 bushels. lu wheat the area de clined from 201,815 acres in 1882 to 182, 215 aorea io 1883. The crop BIBO de clined from 1.934,970 bushels in 1882 to 1,388,731 bushels in 1883. Tho present outlook so far as the small grain crop is concerned ir, most encour aging. Tho area of the growing crop is stated on tho best authority as 10 per cent, moro than in 1883. This gives as the small grain ore-" for the present year : Oats, 853,158 acres; wheat, 200,438; rye, 7,970, and barley, 1,362. Such an acreage with the rate of yield of 1882 would givo in oats 7,437,218 bushels, worth, at an averago of fifty cents to the bushel, $3,718,601; io wheat 1,803,924 bushel?, worth $1,800,000 ; in rye 80,000 bushels, worth $70,000; in barley 13,000 bushel?, worth $10,000, and aggregating for tho four grains $6,600,000, which, sup plemented by an ordinarily good yield of potatoes, peas, sorghum and otli.u subsidiary crops would amount to at leu.it $8,000,000, with the possibility of reach ing $9,000,000 in au abundant year. Such production of food crops ?B evident ly of more value than BO much money's worth of cotton expended in buying Western supplies. The crops wo hav*e described equal 200,009 to 225,000 bale? of cotton at $40 to the balo. The area of rice underwent some small reduction in 1883 ou that of 1882 There was but little change in the ares of sea islands. Both of tbeso cropB have suffered aseriouB decline; the formel from tho cold and unfavorable spring aud swarms of devouring birds later on und the latter from unpropitious seasoni and the presence of swarms of worms It ?B likely then that these crops declined on the previous year by about 20 pei cent, for rice ana 40 per cent, for Sei Island. The rico crop of 1883-84 ii then about 33,600 tierces against 42,45( tierces in 1882-83. The sea island croj ha? possibly declined from 16,715 bagi in 188^-83 to 9,500 bags in 1883-84. The subsidary crops also suffered a do cline of from 25 to 85 per cent. THE FLESH CROP.-Under the opera tion of tho Stock Law there has beet necessarily a diminution in the number of cattle, swine, ?tc. Taking the statis tics of swine we see that the number it 1883 waa 553,525 against 564,587 in 1882 showing a decline in numbers of 11,062 ot less than 2 per cent. It cannot tx doubted that the value of the slock ha been enhanced by a much greater per centage than the above decline in nam bera. We may fairly take these semi figures for horned cattle, whilst sbeej have suffered a sharp decline, perban owing to the want of a much needed aui stringent "dog Jaw." Improved Stock. CATTLE.-According to eic A estimate? based on the cour.ty reporto, there ar 792 Jerseys, 177 Ayrshire. 50 Ds?on: 83 Holsteins, 1 Guernsey io the Stat? besides a number of Snort horns an< Brahmins. In most of the counties th Jersey stock is preferred. In one eas tl" Devon with an eighth Brahmin 1 mentioned as a valuable cross. I Charleston the Holstein are esteemed tb most valuable as milk stock, and it 1 thought that this breed of cattle, as soo as lt ls well known, will "take the lea of all others." In nearly all the coat ties general mention is made cf thc. prc; enee of imported stock, though tb number be not given. There is a awakened interest in the improvement < stock in all sections of the State. SHEEP.-Merinos, South Downe, O; ford Downs and ??road Tails, ar? reporte from many parts of tbe State. * Hons.-Tho Essex and Berkshire ai most mentioned and preferred. There can be little doubt that tho: are not over' five or lix counties in tl State whore the improvement of a toe hu not become an object of mach pra tical effort and attention. Spartanbui aud Marlboro stand at the' head, eat returning 200 head of Jerseys. Lauree Eerb apa, ranks first in sheep. Boaufoi Feorgetown, Cblleton and Hamptt stand at the foot of the Ilsi as regar improved stock. They are he?< colored counties. Th? Efficiency and Supply of Labor. First as to efficiency : Fourteen out the thirty-four counties of the State r port the efficiency os compared with ls year 100] and aa compared with fi years ago 107, taking 100 as the standai The twenty other counties givo 96 as i efficiency as compared with last year, ai 87 as compared w.'tn fife years ago. As to tue relation of the supp1/ labor to the dc m ai td : Fourteen count! taking 100 as the L tandard, rate the BU ply In proportion to tho present, derna at 95} ; in proportion **? tho jemand 1882 at 95}, and to the demand five yoi ago nt 97}. Ia the other 20 conn tico t supply of labor in proportion to derna in 1883 is returned at 83 ; in proporti to the demand in 1882 at 85, and in pi portion to tho demand five years ago The general result ia that tho su pi was about one-sixth lesa than the derna in 1888, and waa only one-twentieth 1 than the demand five years ago. Lal was mach lees efficient last year than was.fi?e years ago.' . Improved Agrlcaltural Imp Jera* uta a ?tcain E3gln.es. . The/following ia the number of i proved ? csp! cm cub in ti?o in tho Sta Sowers,.., V. Keapeia.............?..<.....<....<_...<... ls Sulky ploughs.......... $ Guano dUVributoi*.*?*..?~...^...a9J >ur.y.'> ;>ti; Ur, fu.i l?arrows.-.,093 Stump pullers. IO Screw Pulverizers. 6 Other improved implements. 708 Total.25,151 Valuing these 25,151 improved imple ments at an average of $10 each, wo find not Tess than a quarter of a million dol lars so invested in South Carolina in 1883. Tho following is a statement of the number of steam engines used on farms ?nd their horse-power : Number of eoginoa. 1.G03 Horse-power.14,413 Estimating this power at $125 to the horse-power, wo havo $1,761,625 inves ted in steam power for farm uso in the State in 1883, which, with the value of farm implements, makes about $2,000,000 expended for improved implements and steam power used ou farms. Tho Labor Problem-The Condition of the Colored Farmara, ?cc. 1. Tho proportion of white lo colored farm labor in the State : Seventeen of the counties, consisting of Oconco, Pick ens, Spartanburg, Chesterfield, Lexing ton, Greenville, Anderson, Horry, Collo ion, Abbevillo, Marion, Williamsburg, Edgefield, Darlington. Laucoster and Barnwell, containing about one-half the total population of tue State, report the proportion of white labor at 44.1 por cent, to 64.9 colored. The other seven teen counties return white labor at an averago of 14.5 per cenl. white and 85.5 per cent, colored. This would show for the State about 80 per cent, of white farm labor to 70 per cent, colored. 2. Wages paid : Owing to the various methods in reporting wages paid, aud sometimes without stating whether the rato is with or without board, it is not practicable to do more than form an ap proximation for tho State. The rate of wages can be taken as from $8 to $9 a month for males and $5 to $6 a month for women, with board. 3. Extent to which womou and chil dren, white and colored, work in the fields : About 23 per cent, of the whito women and children work on the farms, and about 61 per cent, of tho colorea women and children. 4. Tho most prevalent system of labor: Tho systems chiefly used are the contract system, in which services rendered are fiaid for by giving the laborer tho use of and and house ; the contract system, in which wages are paid monthly, or a por tion monthly and the remainder at the end of the year ; and the tenant systom, in which tho laborer rents tho laud and, from the crop, pays tho landlord the rent and for the uso of animals. C. The estimated averago coat of pro ducing merchantable cotton ia about 8 cents a pound for the whole State, or $40 for a bale of 600 pounds. 6. The percentage nnd cost involved in raising, picking aud ginning cotton, the Stato over, is about 75 per cent, for raising, 20 per cent, for picking and 5 per cent, for ginning. 7. Farms owned and worked exclusive ly by whites are returned almost univer sally as in good condition, though one or two counties return farmers on such farms as barely making a living. 8. Farms owned and worked exclusive ly by colored people are almost univer sally returned as in bad condition, though in all tho counties there are a fev; excep tional colored farmers who are said to be successful and thriving, and in one or two couuties, notably iu York, tho col ored landowner is said to bo quito suc cessful OB a rule. 9. Farms owned by white proprietors and worked with hired labor as a rule, in most of tho counties, are returned os not in os good condition as smaii farms owned and worked by the whito farmers and their families. There aro exceptions in some of the counties, however, where these plantation farms aro said to be tho most successful of all. 10. Tho condition of colored farmers as land-owners is almost universally re ported as much better than as tenants. -As tenants the colored farmers, with only a few oxceptions, to give point to tho rule, are returned aa "failures." 11. Colored farmers in nearly o very county are returned, as a rule, as not making progress, nob saving mouey, and not acquiring land. 12. immigrants: Nine-tenths of the counties report few or no immigrants. 13. Tbe operations of the Stock law, -the Lien law and Prohibition law : The Stock law is generally approved as a good and most useful law. The Lion law is condemned aa a most pernicious one hy thirty oat of the thirty-four counties. Toe Prohibition law, wherever enforced, is reported as working well and doing muon good. In.only three counties it ts reported as being beyond practical en forcement. These counties are Beaufort, Georgetown and Berkeley. Leap Year Huies. Gentlemen unattended by ladies are . not expected. LadieB should not become impatient if they are kept waiting and hour or so after calling at the house. Should the eveniug bo inclement, the . pents ohos?d not bc- allowed to wdk, ? Each lady should, furnish her partner with a hoquet. Ladies Bhould not embaraas their part ners with sudden proposals at tho first ball. It is hoped the gentlemen will not be urged to remain ap too late, as their parents will be unusually anxious about them during leap year. Gentlemen expecting to be "wall flow ers" should provide themselves with newsnrinor?, or novels, with, which to while away the time. ' Ladies sh?cld provide themselves with robber bands to fasten gents' slippers with. The gentlemen expect that tho ladles will do away with - the use of powder on their arms-as it injures their dress suits. Ladies must wear gloves while dane Ladies aro not .expected to bring two gentlemen to the ball, as it is "a dead give away"-to one at least. As the gentlemen will frequently want to retire to the dressing room to re-ar range their apparel, it Is expected that the room will be provided with glosses and cloves-especially cloves. - Gentlemen who hare been "left out In the chid" will please send in their regrets next day-"indisposition," "slight cold," "non-arrival of washing," etc., will do to use as an explanation of absence. Those who dance must pay the fiddler. . - Be praised not for your ancestors, but for your virtues. --A young man who had been assist ed away from the home of a girl whose society ho yearned for, wrote next day i to the. cruel parent aa follows : "I did I not mind what yon said to me, though your language was pretty rough, but when y cu kicked mo with that No. ll boot you hurt my feelings. I shall make no further; effort to win <your daughter. If she Inherits jour style of feet and any ?of your versatility in the use of them, I feel that I oonld nofc ba entirely hippy with her."