The Anderson intelligencer. (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, May 11, 1882, Image 1

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gy E. B. MURRAY & CO. "7?? AT FALUHO WATE BS. I that onl? ANDERSON, S. C., THURSDAY MORNING, MAY ll, 1882, VOTJTME YVTT ...mr, AH I f. ne Ou?l* Jgbt of the F?deral Cay ^J^-Slnito?"? Men Ag*ln.t Thousands. ? u'hflu I HU * soldier I carried a email IB t book in my sido-pocket in which I Buiccustomed to jot down some of the Hi . dents aud accidenta of the heroic ?SLC nf the Republic. 'Torean et lute ?KL .neminisee juvabit" aro the fust words ??tlebook. "Perhaps it will de Bf "... ,n tbink of fmse thing? hereaf BK" is tbe meaning ol the phrase when HBndered i" o"r owu language. How i he words? In these days ol ?Ker and order, it does delight us to call ?Eek the shadowy past, when lg "WAB'? RUDE ALARM?" Hitiurbed our land throughout all her Knien Tue ,ill,e book is worn and Hbded You cnn see whero rain and dust BKave ?eft their mark?, but still it ia a H'Tnotber entry in ''he little book is : ?TSy, 14th of July, UGZ. Taken K,;?nner while on skirmish, nearFallinc ?KS by the Ninth (?) New York HraTtlry a?d marched to Bakeraville Bureo miles) through mud over the an i\e Bcii'g bare footed it was ratbei ?ard. Drew rations of crackers, pork ?nd coffee." . Hf The words are few and simple. Ic Bothers they would have but little mean K. but to us they are the record of ae Kniendid a fight as ever added lustre tc ?be annals of the Army of Northern ?Virginia, when the disparity in thc kumbera of the opposing forces and the IImportance of thc position held by us ire considered. We were nineteen in number, commanded^ by two officers, Tbe enemy brought into action more than a brigade of dismounted cavalry, ? battery of artillery and a full and ex tended line of infantry was taking posi lion when we were surrounded and cap lured. The purpose of the enemy wai to cut ofi two divisions from crossing the Potomac. Ours, to hold them in ched and prevent them. We did so, but wer? Ileft to our fate and the discomforts anc statvation of Northern prisons. On both occasions when tho Army o: Northern Virginia recrossed the Potomac Iinto Virginia, Orr's Rifles constituted ? part of tbe rear guard. InU8G2 at Botel er's Ford the brigade, under command o Gen. Maxcy Gregg, gave the final ant effective check to the advancing columni ot McClellan. So terrible and destruct ive was the reception given the invaden that many of them were drowned in thei precipitate flight across the river. Otb en were shot in mid-Btream, and tin waters of the Potomac, crimsoned witt their blood, closed over them forever, bsd no part in this engagement. At Uv great battle of (Second Menasses, when ire met Gen. Pope, who boasted that hi "headquarters were kept in the saddle,' I bad the bad luck to get one of my toe knocked out of joint and was unable t< keep up with Jackson's ''foot cavalry.' These superb soldiers thought nothm; of marching all night and fighting al day on rations of roasting ears and greei apples. It is, however, with the cloain? scenes of THE RETURN FROM GETTYSBURG, in 1863, that this imperfect sketch has t do. On the 4th of July of that year w left Gettysburg. Tba storm-spirit hell high carnival, rain waa pouring down ii torrents, the streams of the country wer flooded aud the roads were cut to piece by the artillery and wagon trains. Mui nus everywhere over the ankles, and i some places above the knee. Darknes was visible. One could not distingu?s' bis 8le-leader. We kept our place guided by the splash of tue footsteps c tho men in advance. We held on ou way until we reached Hager?town, i Maryland, where wo halted for seven days. Hagerstown had pleasant associ ations for me, at least, for it was tber my mother spent her childhood. Th Potomac, in impetuous majesty, lay i our way. The floods of rain had swelle ita stream and swept off everything ii the way of bridges, so that a crossin was out of the question before the 14t of July. There we halted and face the oncoming hosts who were erowdin upon us. There was NOTHING TO EAT, neither bread nor meat. So we sat dow without rations and with little ammun hon. OD the 13th a flock of Bheep fe into our hands and were slaughterer but ibis afforded only unsavory and ii digestible rations. We had no Bait an no bread, and, in a drenching rail cooked tho repulsive meat upou ot ramrods. We managed, however, to ei enough "to keep soul and body together ?nd when the diam?! night of the 13i settled down upon us wi were ordert into line, and were soon on our marc again to tho Potomac and the sacred so Qi Virginia. The rain continued I P0UJ down ia torrents, and the blacl wed heavens hung over us unrcliovt by the light of a single star. Wo ateai ly tramped forward through the liv long night, and morning, with a weepit ?ky broke upon tho brigade, hungr worn and exhausted, but still undauute ty* every man held his place In line I only a veteran could. At last tho riv jras io sight and passing by Pettigrew ?orto Carolina Brigade we wore mardi? 'o ?bo right of tho road and ordered "STACK ARMS AND REST I" At tho welcome news we fell upon tl yielding ground. We had scarcely cot P03ed ourselves when a great commotit arose among the North Carolinians, ?orce of cavalry was riding deliberate forward in the direction of the bai whero Pettigrew rested. They had the oilcloths over their shoulders, and thc ?g was furled and carried low betwei ggf: horses. Suddenly their bugl wuuded the charge, the column deploy? ?oto lice, raised their tlAg, drew th? ?ores and pistols, sprang forward wi THE RUSH OF A wifi?tLWii?n, tho ground trembling beneath, th? A.oNes'/eet, and in a moment were ?oe midst of the resting North Carolin an*. The confusion was great, but m meutary The indomitable veterat who had been led by the gallant Pet Pew, rallied and stood to their guns, ai V*0.relr**t of the enemy waa as suddi 5d M hurried aa their advance. Sot w our men were killed with the swo *jm some by pistol-Bhots. Gen. Pet F?w was mortally wounded. A Nor wolmian knocked one of tho caval "om bis horse with a fence rail, pick . Pockets, mounted his horse and a FvL r . P?nto?D bridge in a gallo iK- . luo cavalry were left to repe wu*7 of lhe,f reckless charge, tm* . Pr,8?fc in Baltimore I car ?a plf101,31 paper which gave bf ratfd ??count of this ?gtt. T stratton had Gen. Crawford, who w '"command on tbe other side, leadi "'? men. He was mounted upon a ile b7$Cr '??Ping the breastworks follow ti?? j ro,blng squadron*, who were ci ???f. SP with their sabres tho flyi terrified "rebels." Tho mistakes ??P ?ure were that there were nn*T??ik8' ?nd Pettigrew'* men d tl?? 11 ^ack **? stops %eforo they h ?vL,cav*lfy on the run. The accou um* 0 tost*to 'hst the assaulting c UlBb co?i?itea of sixty-two men, a line8i ' "ccu 8?l DHck to theil A?.:BRdi? ?<* TM: 8P0T WHERE PETTIGREW FELL lae thronging enemy wsre rntwinK their uouy or our troops were put iD motion for the ?0toon JJ. P ?U?W?? vancinTnSf" 8Cnt.back to hold" b? "? vancing columns in ched;. What nw RS'-Bi?Wat?,?lr,.,ratoln Company G, 0//?Kifle:a, which had enough io dolo attend totbo forces rushing upon us. w' T??a?^?0 ibe r,?" of the road There were nineteen men of us and two officers, Lieuts J. D. Charles and J. li, Crawford, now pf Pontotoc, Mississippi n IY? ff8* tb,e hil1 ,iu fro'Jl of T Saw ? ,?e n Cttva-"y takiu? their places before us. Blue coats were lo imposing array, contrasting vividly with the?mng green of the clover underneath, as far as we could see. A platoon of Company C of our own regiment was on our right. The ground before us was gentiy uudu lating and had been sowed in wheat or some other grain that bad beeB cut I was barefooted, for my shoes bad been worn out by the mud and rain and hard marching of the campaign. Gen. McUowan was at homo wounded and Abner Perrin commanded the brigade He went forward to post us. A double quick was ordered, and the gallant Com pany G responded to a man a d with alacrity. The field before us was a tan gle of dewberry vines, the sharp thorns of winch LEFT THEIR BLOODY MARKS upon those of us who were barefooted at every step of our advauce. Col. Perrin showed us our place, ordered us to hold the position and left for bis more impor tant duties with the brigade. We deployed at skirmish distance and had just reached the designated point when we met the first shock of the over whelming host thnt passed upon us. Our position was ODO of advant?ne a: we were in a measure protected by ?a' gully and a large body of woods to our right. Dismounted and deployed at two paces, with their seven-shooters, the enemy came on with impetuous courage. Tho thin line of skirmishers on our right and lett had been ordeied back and the de voted nineteen were left alone to face death or capture. The shock came with terrific earnestness. Our men knew their duty and did it with Buperb spirit. Not a man faltered, and the enemy fell back io confusion. They were fighting under the eye of Gen. Judson Kilpatrick, who was in command on that part of the field, and again and again the assault was re peated with more desperate fury. Com pany G was unmoved, and the epace in front of us was changed from green to blue with the dead and wounded who fell before our Springfield rifles. Two pieces of artillery were unlimbered against us, the solid line of cavalry was reinforced and reformed. Another ad vance was made. Shell and shrapnel were sent shrieking over us, the dismoun ted cavalry hurried forward, a line of infantry carno rapidly to its support. Our short line was overlapped and we round ourselves completely' flanked on both wings. Directly in our rear their line was complete. On each wing they wc.a pressing us. Their line in front was in fifteen paces of us and keeping up a heavy firing. Their cannon were play ing upon us. We were entirely surroun ded with A CIRCLE OF FIRE They were almost trampling us under their feet when we surrendered. By their own accounts the enemy lost twenty-eight privates, a major and a captain in our immediate front. These were killed, aud the number wounded must have been much greater. But we had gained our end. The two divisions had reached and crossed the Potomac iu safety. The pontoon bridge bad been cut loose from tbe Maryland ?bore. Om army was at rest on the Virginia side, and Company G was on THE MARCH FOR PRISON. When our BUDS were thrown down the cavalry crowded about us and offered the hand of friendship. Not a word of re< sentment was beard except from Gen Kilpatrick, which is stated hereafter Our captors appeared to be moved with astonishment at the paucity of our num bers and admiration for the desperate stubborness with which we had withstood their furious and repeated charges. Throwing down our cartridge-boxes we reserved all our baggage, which consis ted of a blanket and oil cloth apiece, captured from the enemy in previous en gagements. Under guard we marched to the enemy's rear over the line of theil advance. Here and there lay the dt?d and dying, evidence of the destructive effect of our terrible firing. As ire passed Gen. Kilpatrick he was giving orders to a fresh command. "Push or to the river," he said, "and don't be par ticular about TAKING THE H - D SCOUNDRELS PRISON ERS. They have no business over here any way." Desiring to attract as little of hu attention as possible, we made no reply to this inhuman order. One of the guard, as if to soinewht relieve tbh brutality, said : "We have bad a loni race to overtake you and a hard fight te capturo you, but we know how to treat t gallant eucmy." We crossed a hill anc were baited beneath a large chestnu tree. The only casualties of Companj G were four men wounded. Here wi reclined and rested. Quite a number o our captors congregated about us anc divided their ration^ among us. Capt Tidball.of tho United States Regulars stood a moment with us as bia battery o Napoleons passed on to thc river. Ht saluted us politely and requested us t< convey his compliments to Henry Farlej and D. H. Hamilton, Jr., of South Car olioa, and to say to them that he com manded a battery that could knock ti pieces anything in our army iii a fev minutes. Farley and Hamilton had beei his college mates. Observing tb woundod men, he inquired their number and, handing down from bin howe a can teen of good whiskey, said : ? Give al the wounded a drink; it will do theo coed. I nm sorry ? haven't enough fo all of you." We wished him persona safety in the expected fight, bul that hi ?uns might bo destroyed, and touch* our hats to him as ho saluted again am rode on to the front. The last of our arrav was eafely acros on the Virginia shore. The pontoon ha been cut loose. No fight occurred au no moro prisoners were brought ir Leaving the chestnut treo wo passed regiment of cavalry who were singin "Rally 'round tho flag, boys,' sud the a long lino of infantry standing alon tho skirts of a grove. Immediately i my front walked a "Tur-heel" of down cast countenance and strange aspee Ho wore a yellow copperas shirt otiUid of his pants, and no coat. As he passe the infantry, in lugubrious tone bo re peatedlv told them that he was again, the war, and never believed that it eve should have taken place ; he was tire of it and it would co no good. H lamentations became so abject IM Gally 'Thomson, a hov who walked on my. "got. grew exceedingly indignant, and threatened to null that copperas shirt off and whip him if any more such chat was heard. At this the Yankees laughed "consumedly," and cried out : Go in Hui j man and we'll see a fair fight." Tho lamentations ceased. THE L'TTLE .1 ECO RD sayatbstat Bakersville, where we camped for the night, we "drew rations of crack ers, pork aud coffee." This was our first square meal for days, or it would not have been such an incident ss was deemed proper to jot down. The next day we passed through Hagerstown, and, as we stopped et a well for waler, several women came out from a house near by, and, waving small United States flags in our faces, persisted in taunting us until oar guards drove them away with 'ndigoatiou When we went by thesame house a few days before, on our way to Gettysburg, these very women waved the Confederate flag at us and cheered 's on, showing that men, or nt least some wo men, "change with fortune, and princi ples with times." By nightfall wo had ascended Marylat d Heights and reached Harper's Ferry, whence we took the orri for Baltimore, where we arrived on July 10, and, after having been escorted through several of the principal street., as a kind of show, were lodged IN THE CITY JAIL to await shipment to the several general prisons of lae country. We were given citizen's suits of clothing of odd styles, so that we could be detected if we escaped. My suit was a hickory Bhirt and a pair of sailors' pants, bo. h large enough for Gen. McGowan, who weighs at least 260 poundB. At the timo my weight was 92 pounds, and the fantastic cut of my jib m such a suit would doubtless have at tracted the notice of passers-by. This sketch is not written to disparage any o?,her company, but there is no record of a moro gallant fight in any history of noy war than the Fight of the Rear Guard at Fa??cg Wstcrs. It foll to thc lot of Company G to be called upon for thia important duty, and it affords me pleasure to put in writing tho way in whicL the company behaved on that oc casion. It will delight them to remem ber these things, and hereafter their children will be inspired by tho patriot ism of their fathers. Company G went into the battle of Gaines's Mill with fifty-six men, and left nineu.cn of them DEAD UPON THE FIELD, and had thirty-seven wounded. The company did its whole duty at Meehan icsville, Frazier's Farm, Second Menass es, Ox Hill, Sharpsburg, Sheppardatown, Fredencksburg, Chancellorsville, Get tysburg, Wilderness, Spottsylvanin, Jericho Ford, Riddle's shop, around Richmond and Petersburg, and oa to Appomattox, but in none of these en gagements did it perform it more steadily and fully than when it stood, one to twenty, as a wall of defence againBt the hosts of Meade at Falling Waters.-R. Ii. Hanphili in Charleston Weekly News. Late Planted Cotton. The notion is prevalent among farmers that co'ton is a plant of continuous growth from tnt lime it comes up until frost kills it, BUL a few years like last year will dispel all such notions from the mind of every observant farmer. Rev. W. R. Buchan of Cokesbury planted an acre of ground in cotton last year after the dry weather had set in, nnd it did not come up until the first d?y of July. Being well worked immediately, it grew wry fast and by the first day of September bad entirely ceased to grow, although there was plenty of moisture in the ground nt the time. It didn't make a bloom after the first of September. The acre made ^?5 pounds of Beed cotton al though there was considerable shedding from drought. But this will not appear singular to any farmer who has carefully noticed his cotton after a drought in mid summer. All those stalks that have a crop of bolls left after the rain com mences do not grow any moro nor take the "second growth." While all those stalks that have shed most or nearly all of the bolls take thc "second growth," and the stalk from that time is, ns it were, an entirely new stalk and never matures the bolls of the first growth, but leaves them to open as they were when the rain set in. And it takes this second growth as long to make as it does cotton that bas just come up. Cotton then is not a plant of continu ous growth but like corn, bas its period of growth and itBeems to grow better in middle and latter Summe/ than in the Spring. Late planting of cotton, the reasons being equal, will make more than that of carly planting. When cot ton was introduced here October was the month when picking commenced, al though planting was done early. Ten years ago in this neighborhood the tiret of Septombcr was considered the time to commence picking. Now we commence in August. "In 1860 the four counties of Oconee, Bickens, Greenville and Spar tanburg scarcely produced a thousand bales of cotton, lu . 1881 they exported over 50,000 bales, and have within their confines as many cotton factories as are in the remainder of the State." Im proved seed and liberal manuring have done this and liberal manuring makes improved seed. Last year has demonstrated the fact that cot tm can be successfully grown on land where Fall oats has been cut. This late planting obviates the hurry and rush of Spring consequent upon people trying to plant Doth cotton and corn early, and gives ample time for the thorough pre paration and ' proper planting of corn ground. Corn can be made on good up land any year with proper management. The ground should ho planted when freshly plowed and should never be al lowed to get hard, and above all upland corn must not get grassy. Late planting of cotton, besides giving time for early corn, does not open early to be beaten into the ground by the heavy I rains. Cotton ought to be a surplus crop and the experience of the past few years proves that it can be made, such, giving, j as it docs, plenty of timo for early corn and allowiog if necessary time to plant after Fall oats come off. A retrospection of the improvement in cotton culture during tho past ten yean is very pleasant, but the anticipation of the great improvement that is destined to be mado within the next ten or fifteen years to come is glorious. We feel like mounting Pegasus when we think of the possibility of full corn crops, full oat crops and full cotton crops for this coun try-supplemented by cotton factories at every waterfall. It will be a sight to make Cet es weep for joy. If we could only get one pereon to be come reconciled to Tate planting of cot ton the labor of this disconnected writing will be fully repaid.-T. A. G., tn Ab beville Medium. - We are told that New York makes 116 000,000 pounds of oleomargarine in a year, ngainst 110,000 of butter, and that ipst year's exporta of the former was over ?1000,000 pounds, and of butter only 21,000,000. lu the West hog fat is used ?od the product io called 'Mardine." Cottou Saving. Mr. Edward Atkinson bas prepared a statement upon cotton saving to be read j at a meeting of the New England cotton ! manufacturers' association to day, the j substance of which is as follona: # Since tho last meeting of the associa tion a very exhaustive investigation has { been made to see whether the statement ? made by me as a reason for holding the ' Atlanta cotton exposition could be SUP* I tained or not. I alleged as the motive I of that exposition th it the cotton <:rou of , the United States was, on the avenge, j depreciated at leu.it one cent a pound by bad handling between the field and the factory. Ono cent a pound in a crop of 6,000,000 biles in about ^30,000,000. On the whole, tho representatives of the cot ton manufacturers of New England and the machinists who visited Atlanta and examined the subject in connection wiih tho exposition, or who have had previous knowledge in regard thereto, have more than sustuincu this statement of loss. Nearly every one consulted has added to this estimate their testimony that the labor expended in tho present bad moth od of handling is twice or thrice as much as is needed ; and that if the wholo loas to the planters of the South from ? waste labor-waste in ginning, waste in baling, waste in transportation, waste in compressing, waste in the store itself by packing and stealage and waste at every point-could be distinctly computed and tabulated, it would be nearer two cents a pound, or $60,000,000 a year. It is one toing to stato this case, however, and quite another thing to find a remedy. With a view to possible remedy and to the probable profit on business invest ments in altering in some meaauro these conditions, two young gentlemen, one a graduate of Harvard college, son of an Alabama cotton planter, the other a graduate of the Instituto of Technology in the department of mechanical engi neering, have devoted several weck? to the study of the present methods of -.".I.:_n_:_ /->_:__i _ nifi.iiiK luHuu iu uuuign BuuniAunuin. From their report it is becoming appa rent that the depreciation of tho crop is becoming worse and that little, if any thing, baa yet been Accomplished in rem edying the defects. OINKING ON A SMALL SCALE. Thc process of ginning and baling in these States, which arc, on the whole, two of the most progressive States of the south, is conducted by one of three meth ods : 1. Ginneries run by horse or mule power. 2. Ginneries run by steam. 3. A very few run by water power. The latter may be disregarded. Thc principal part of tho work is done in ont of the two methods first named. Class 1 is the commonest of nil, and is universal ly used where the farmer does tbe ginnin( for himself or for one or two neighbors The' gin bouse is usually a two storj building of rough construction. Thi cotton is brought from the Gold in wagon and carried to the upper story in basset and by means of a ladder. Four mule furnish the motive power. The lint cot ton ?B thrown by a brush into the lin room wbich is neither brushed nor swep from one season to another nor from om decade to another. Whatencouragemen can there be for careful picking when tl colton is to be ginned in such a place Tho press is the old "buzzard wing" prew It stands about fifty feet from tt e gil house, and the lint has to be carried thi distance through wind and dirt and in al weathers. Most of the cotton is now lei lying about wherever it moy happen t be most convenient to place it after i bas been pressed, exposed to rain an wind and other cause of injury. Mor crude devices for the manipulation o cotton, considering the importance of th work to be done, could not be found i India or in China. The stages throug which ginneries of this class aro passin toward improvement are interesting I note. Thc first tbing done away with the "buzzard-wing" press, for wbich a improved press, is being established ; tl condenser attached to the gin mnkes tb lint room unnecessary, and when ?teal power is applied the old running gear thrown away. ?.u the C?sium ginneries, operated i ste.im, tho presses are almost always an improved kind, of wbich there ?B great variety. They are, however, most operated by hand and not by ?team. Ti j buildings are great improvements on tl ? old plantation bouses. The machine I is better and ct ?fully attended to, ai the facilities foi handling the cotton a vastly superior to those of the old sty But it is a matter of VTy grave dou whether the cotton is turned out in ai ! better condition than in the primiti j wry. In fact there is every reason to fe that it is more injured in these establis I ments than in the old fashioned wi During the ginning season these pub ginneries aro always crowded with wc -each man desiring to have bis cott carried through immediately, and to i tt'.rn home ; bis chief object being get the greatest quantity of colton fri the seed which he can pos?biy obta The proprietor of the gin is interested getting through tbe largest number bales, and he works with a view to acco modating his customers and taking ( largest toll rather than with any idea 1 turning out good and uninjured sta; wbich his customers do not appr?cia He runs his machinery at the high possible speed, and works as close as p sible in order to mako a large yield lint. If the truth were known "nepped" or overginned colton coi probnbly be traced to gioB of this sort SIGNS OF IMPROVEMENT. Tho more hopeful side of the quest is to bo found in the fact that r vast d of information was ?pread abroad ft tho Atlanta cotton exposition, and great margin of profit, which is to measured by the depreciation of one j two cents a pound, is beginning to w ita true resulta. For instance, in i I around Hognnsvillo, Ga., about t thirds of the farmers are now plant selected seed and are using all tho me within their information to .save in good condition and to have it pi erly prepared. The representatives large plantations upon the Mississi river, where considerable investment! northern men have been made, aro ir ing their arrangements to estab their own brand, upon which each gi of their cotton may be known and which they will be responsible, so tba shall be na true to its title in either gi as the goods from any of your facto; The representatives of certain railro especially in Texas, have sought infoi tion as to the right met' "His of cstabl isl publie ginneries, to be * mipped with ficient capital to buy cotton in the i (it being a more common custom in ' as than elsewhere to sell cotton in seed), and also to establish their bi by which their cotton shall be km The representatives of cottou see< mills are in mary cases pinnum attach cotton gins to their works an buy the colton in tbe seed. This i must, however, proceed slowly, it i little the custom outside of Texas ta tbe cotton in the seed, and the laws which subject the farmer and planter to thc corner shopkeeper w it somewhat difficult to establish a fair practico of dealing io seed cotton. It appears tbat tbe business of ginning for toll gives an ample profit, and will pres ently lead to improvement as it become? apparent that additional profit may be made by improving the condition ot tu? cotton. A model cotton ginning es tablishment, with a capacity of bandliug 3,000 bales of cotton in a season of 100 days, or thirty bale* a day, can be con structed with all the requisite buildings for the work and for storage, with three eighty saw gins for commou work and two roller gins for extra staple, suitable cleaners for cleaning dirty cotton in the seed, an exhaust blower to lift the cotton from the wagons and distribute it, a cot ton seed buller by which the hulls can be reparated from the kernel, and all other requisite machinery, at a cost (with twen ty-five percent added for contingencies) of less than $12,000. In such an estab lishment the purpose would be either to gin cotton for toll or to buy cotton iu the seed ; to hull the seed, burning the hulls for fuel unless it was found that they were more valuable for other purposes ; scud ing the kernels to the nearest oil mill for the oil to be expressed, the cake to be re turned to be ground at tho gin stand and distributed as cotton seed meal, according lo the demand. There would be one ele ment of profit now wasted in such au es tablishment, to wit : the saviog of what are technically termed "motes," being immature need with much fibre attached. These motes constitute from one to four per cent of the weight of the cottou and are most excellent paper stock. A CHVNC'E FOB NORTHERS MES. I have never investigated any subject in which so (argea profit appeared to bc within reach on so small an investment as this, and desire to make a fresh start in a healthy up land country among the southern farmers lo benefit themselves while benefiting the neighborhood. Il may be worth your while to observe ho? small an investment of capital would bi required to treat the whoK* cotton crop in a sciciti'.ic and skilful way, provided on 1\ a true beginning can be made. I have said that a model establishment of thc capacity of 3,000 bales in the sensor would cost less than $12,000. Two thou sand such establishments scattered ovei the vatt area of the cotton country-ead treating 3,000 balen in the season-wonk prepare 6,000,000 bales of cotton, aut would represent a capital of $24,000.000 But even this amount is not necessary Cotton in the seed can be kept, if prop erly stored, foran indefinite period with out injury. If arrangements were m adi and the custom introduced for purchasin) cotton in tbs seed the ginning sensoi might be extended to cover two nundroi days instead of one hundred. The en tabltobruent named . /ould then work 6, 000 bales in tbe season, and the capita required for the treatment of the wnoli crop would represent only $12,000,000 It seems almost absurd and vision?r; to say that by means of such nn invest ment a saving nf nearly $30,000,000 mor in waist of labor and in other ways, migh be Baved. Yet I think such ii' the on) legitimate deduction from the facts dix closed at the Atlanta exposition and b investigations nineo made. I can cori ceive ol' no branch of industry so likel to become very profitable as the orgar ization of a large concern with $500,00 capital, of which one-half may be ir vested in twenty model ginning ?stabilst menta scattered through the upland cour try, in a healthy climate, among the prc gressive farmers who only need the ii centive of personal interest to be led i the right direction ; tho other half tn t used ns the working capital in purchnsir and disposing of tue cotton. A COMINO NECESSITY. Whether or not such an undertakiti eball be begun depends upon others, ac not u;on myself. My function in tl matter has been to make a complete in ve ligation and to report upon the fad The facts will be submitted to the gei tl omen at whose cost the recent invest gation bas been made, but who only coi templated a little work on thur own a count, being individual raanufacturei who did not contemplate this larger u dertaking. I think the time may con within a short period when it will cea to be a melter of choice on the part northern manufacturers whether or n they will establish brauehes of their 07 factories to gin and prepare their or cotton. Tbe present tendency to woi depredation and to moro bad cotton tbi hps ever been seen will go on for covet years longer. There is reason to suppc that the very sandy and falsely pack bales, nf which we have beard so mu in Consul Shaw's report and in otli ways, are not to bo attributed to any i tentiosal fraud or even to the navet conditions of a bad season, but that th aro th? necessary result of the prese method of treatiug the farmer's cott which has been exposed for weeks to t rain and mud. In general it may be si that the improvement of the cotton cr -except it be undertaken by special < terprise or special methods indicated this report-can only proceed with t general improvement in tho conditions society in the southern StBtej. Hi rapid or how slow that improvement rc be yon can judge as well as myai There are already very large plant with whom northern manu facturera cou if they chose, enter into contracts for i delivery of cotton of a given quail prepared iu any manner which tl choose to pay for. On the other ha the cultivation of cotton in Texas .nd upland regions of the south is stead working in the direction of small farms which cotton will be the surplus money crop. This will be ginned neighborhood gins, and tho improvero in the quality will proceed in just measure of the increase of inlellige and the means of communication bctw tbe farm jr and the manufacturer. 1 ultimate content for supremacy in production of cotton will bo betw< these two systems. My own judgmen that in the long run the small farmer i lead, as he willsubsist himself on ot crops, and it will be difficult to say t bis cotton costs ono year more tl another. It will be bis surplus or wi ever it brings. Each of these pro ct will take a considerable period to w themselves out, and in the meant there is reason to expect consistent, re lar and increasing depreciation of greater part of tho -ott on crop. Tho \ manner in which saw gins areoffere ' proof of this statement. Tho merits 1 out by the principal makers of the gin*are that an eighty saw gin will w sixteen bales of cotton in a day, and take all the lint off tho seed, bot! these recommendations being abso faults. The utmost that any eighty flu can properly work in a day, witt njury to tho staple is ten bales : and gin which it ott so close as so remove fluff or bair from the seed, as well as true staple, is a mischievous and i machine. If the cotton States were posed to a healthy competition elsew and had not a practical monopoly tendoncy to depreciation would speedily checked, or else the goose w be killed that lays the golden egg. U the present direction it is difficult t< how thc mills, which need good midi to Xair cotton of even ?tapio for fine or for holsery, can uinko sure of au even and regular supply unless they establish ginning departments of their own facto ries at suitable points in the Southern St? tee. Too Many Hours. Tuero is ouc painful aspect of farm life tint calls for a change. No reform in politics is needed more. It is that far mers work too many hours. They know this as well as wc do ; li.it it is one of those latent scraps of knowledge that is never permitted to assert itself, and thc farmer plods on as if in a deep rut that it is impossible for him to get out of. "I am working for all day," said a hired band to us ; "you work only as the fancy seizes you." There is a lesson in this. Suppose thc slow, weary walk of the working farmer were quickened ; suppose ho rushed all of bis work the same as mechanics rush theirs ; suppose, in a word, ho accomplished in ten hours the work that now employs him from sun-up till sun down, and then passed a pleasant evening with his family, would not ho iu tho end accomplish moro work and more effective work? Would not his lifo be happier nnd more worth tho living? Tho half starved, dog-trot of many of tho farmers about us ; the listless, lifeless manner in which they perform their drawn-out labors aro the necessary out come of labor too long continued with out change. It is as if the farmer had a journey of twenty miles to walk every day of bis life over the same dreary road, with precisely the sumo object in view. At its completion bo is tired, and has no spirit either to enjoy social Intercourse or to improve bia mind by reading. Ho bas no energy left for thought. He falls asleep al once, if he attempts to read. And so it is ; thc long hours of work de prive farmers of their best aid in passing not only happy lives, but successful ones. There is no occupation on earth that is better suited to render men happy and intelligent than life on thc farm, ii right ' iv pursued, and there is no other pursuit | i that is more abused to destroy man's am bition, energy and happiness. Wo waut farmers to bo the rulers of the nation, and that is what they are entitled to be. We want them to bc the happiest, most vigorous and intellectual of men. They enjoy, more than others, tho free air of Heaven ; "agriculture is the most health ful, most useful end most noble employ ment of man.'' Tb?n why, instead of availing himself of the opportunities that are ever preseut, docs the farmer choose adult, mechanical routine of work that, while it yield? a support, takes away from life its sparkle nnd useful ness ? Tbe writer of this cannot be accused of knowing little of farm life. A part of every pleasant day is spent in some kind of outdoor labor in the Held or garden. His experience has taught him that con stant work from sunrise till dark inca pacitates bim for effectual work, and that what is gained in actual labor is more than lost in an incapacity to direct others nnd lo work with tho best results him solf. As soon ns we make farm work simply laborious wu lower agriculture to the le-ei of any ditch-digging, stone piliug, hod-carrying business that needs but a thimblefull of brains to guide tho brawn and '.'mow that do tho work. We love and respect intelligent farmers above any other class of ineu. But we despise those groveling caricatures that make agriculture thc means of a scanty living, at the cost of degrading themselves, their wives and children.-Mural Netc Yorker. Bnrlcd While lu a Trauco A shocking story of premature inter ment comes from New Brunswick, N. J., where it bas been found that* a man wns buried while in a trance, subsequently returning to consciousness and dying from suffocation. Briefly stated, the facts are that in the latter part of last month a man named Giililand was taken sick and, to all appearances, died. Before burial the remains were viewed by many frionds, who noticed a peculiar appearance about tho body, which was tho subject of com ment. Even after tho body had been prepared for burial and inclosed in a cof fin there was none of the ordinary ap .1 ft anceafoundin acorpao.undGillilaiid'!) trie neis were greatly agitated over the matter, many of them belie~'ug that he was only in a trance. So uti-mg was this belief that physicians were called in to make an examination. They found the body slightly warm and having none oi the chilly feeling to thc .ouch which is always found In dead bodies ; tho face was somowbat flushed, and thc supposed dead man resembled a parson in a deep sleep more than a mass of lifeless clay. The doctors, however, niter a critical ex amination, pronounced Giililand dead and the funeral took place the following day, the interment being in the cemetery. Rumora that the man had been buried alive reached the cars of a brother of Giililand and ho went to the cemetery for tbe purpose of having tbe grnvo opened. An examination of the coffin showed that the rumors wero founded in fact. The body was found lying on one side, with the face terribly scratched as though done while in agony. It was thought that the unfortunate man, on re covering consciousness, endeavored to free himself from bis coffin, and thal a terrible struggle for life took place, tho hands being terrible lacerated, while tho face plainly showed .'/.is of terror. The case of Giililand could undoubtedly find counterparts in any part of the world. Up to the present time no method bas been devised which will absolutely determino when the vital spark has left the human body. Various rules have been offered, but no one of them bas been found to answer under all circumstances. Urged by a humane desiro to prevent possible premature interments, a French society, a few years since, offered a considerable prize to any ono whu would seek out and give to the world some sure method of determining when a person is dead. No one appears to have claimed the reward, and it remains for some one to make the discovery wbich will be of such benefit to the world at large. -Ro' chester Union. - One morning a woman was shown into Dr. Abernethy's room ; before he could speak she bared nc: arm, saying, "Burn." "A poultice," said the doctor. Next day she called again, showed ber arm and said, "Better." "Continue tho poultice." Some days elapsed before Abernethy saw her again ; then she said: "Well ; your fee?" "Nothing," quoth the great medico, you arc the moat sensible woman I ever saw." - A London paper says: 'A lady was singing, last week, at a chi.rity con cert, and the audience insisted upon bearing her song a second time. Her | daughter, a little child, waa present, aud ! on being asked afterwards how her mam ma had sung, replied, ' v'ery badly, for they made her do it all over again." Mr. Ed. Trickett, the celebrated oars man, Kingston, Canada, says : "I have f .omi St. Jacobs Oil a suro and certain O ?re for rheumatism, etc."-\em York (Zipper. CURRENT TOPICS. -O Thc Jews Departing from Russia. LEMUEKG, May 3.-Yeaterday an ex odus af jena from all parts of Russia commenced. As the foreign corn trade was almost entirely in Jewish hands the utmost confusion now prevails in that industry. A Natural Mistake. LITTLE ROCK. May 3.-The GaxeUe'f Hot Springs special says that near Mt. Ida Montgomery county, a few nights ago, Charles Lord, hearing a uoise in his yard, and seeing a form moving around in the dark, fired ot what he supposed to bo 9. bear or a panther, and killed his wife. A Shirt for the Ohio Ulaut, CATSKILL, May 3.-The Molt Shirt Company, of this village, ha? just com? 6lated a shirt for Captain Martin Van iuren Bates, tho Ohio giant. Its length is 74 inches, waist96+ inches, sleeve from middle of the back, shirt measure, 63 inches, neck 26 inches, wristbands 18 inches. Six yards {of muslin, I} yards wide, were used. The material alone, nt wholesale price, cost $2.60. Colorado ls Solid, Certalu. Mr. M. H. De Young, proprietor of the San Francisco Chronicle, says the veto of tho Chinese bill will result in sending solid Democratic delegations to tho next Congress from Colorado, California, Ore gon, Novada and Washington Territory. Mr. De Young cither has oeen drinking or ho known nothing of what ho ie talk ing about. Colorado is solidly Republi can, and will remain so.-Denver Tribune, Tho President and tho Cowboys? WASHINGTON, Moy 2.-At a Cabinet meeting to-day it was decided that the President should issue a proclamation for the lawless Cowboys in Arisoss to disperse, mid if the order is not obeyed to use the military to enforce it. The Cabinet sustained the action of the Pres ident in hin message for additional legis lation on tilia subject, and disagreed with the fiction of the Senate judiciary com mittee in reporting that no further legis lation was necessary. Political Boer Jerker*. RALEIGH, N. C., May 3.-The anti prohibition executive committee met last evening nnd elected Colonel William Johnson to be chairman. An address was issued calling a mass convention of the liberal and independent voters of the State, without regard to former political associations, to be held at Raleigh on Juno 7tb, to ndopt a platform and nomi nate candidates. Tho committee an nounce that their purpose is to restore to tho people local self-government, to dif fuse more general education among the mannes, to purify the ballot-bo::, and to settle the question of prohibiton. Preferlug J>. <tth to Separation. LOUISVILLE, KY., ala?4.-T_. Y.New ton, engiueer of the Louisville and Nash ville Railroad, returned to his home this day from a trip on the road and found his wife in bed unconscious and at her Bide a four year old adopted child dead, j A note was on tbe table, written by Mrs. Newton, to the effect that ?ho had given morphine to the child and taken a dose herseli for the purpose of destroying the life of each. Tho father of the"boy, AmcsStusscr, the husband of Mrs. New ton's deceased elster, was to have been married to-day, and she was apprehen sive that ho would take the child from her and this prompted the attempted de struction of both lives. It is thought that Mrs. Newton will recover. Fighting Over a Corpse. PLAINFIELD, N. J., May 1.-At the William Street Cerartery yesterday two sisters fought n pitched battle over tho remains of their mother. The mother and all of the family but ono daughter were Catholics. When tho mother died the Catholic children v/ure unable to bear the funeral expenses, and tho Protestant daughter agreed to bury the mother, and. was about to do BO when the procession was interrupted at the cemetery gates by the woman's Catholic children, four in number, all grown men and women, wbo threatened to kill tho other daughter if ' the body was interred in the Protestant burial ground. Finally, by the aid of thc police, tho interment was completed, but tho violent demonstrations of the Catholic children of the dead woman and their sympathizers amounted to a riot. An attempt was made to kill tho' Protestant daughter. A Now Railroad. An informnl meeting was held in Spar tanburg, on the 28th ult., in the interest of the Spartanburg and Rutherford Rail-' road, at which the following resolutions were adopted: Resolved, That it is the sense of thie meeting that the county und city of Spar tanburg will vote $60,000 for the con struction of a narrai; gauge railroad to Rutherford Court House. Resolved, That we pledge ourselves to eubmlt to tbe voters of tho city end county of Spartanburg at ns early a day i as practicable to subscribe the sum of $60,000 to said road. Judge Logan, of Rutherford, wbo was at tbe meeting, stated that the road from Johnsonville, on the Fast Ten norco and Virginia Road had been completed to danberry Iron Works, and that a corpa of surveyors has begun to run tho lino from that point to Marion Court House. It will bo remembered that Greenwood, Laurens, Spartanburg, Rutherford, Ma rion and the Cranberry Iron Works aro all iu a line. This road, when com pleted, will be one of tbe most valuable feeders Spartanburg can have. Tlie Indian Outbreak. SAN FRANCISCO, May 2.-A Lords burg dispatch says that dispatches re ceived report an engagement on the 28th ult. between Capt. Tupper'a command and the Indians twenty-five miles south of Cloverdale. Fifteen Indiana aro re Eorted killed, and Tuppet's loss is four ?lied. WASHINGTON, May 2.-A Tucson dis flatch states that Capt. Tupper tracked a argo force nf Indians at daybreak on the 28th ult., close to the Mexican line, and killed twelve or fifteen of them. He also captured seventy-five head ot stock, but was unable to drive the Indians from their position. One soldier was killed and two wounded. Capt. Tupper has joined Coi. Foraythe and will follow the hostiles over the border. Dispatches through the army headquarters confirm tbis report. -SAN FRANCISCO, May 4.-A Lords burg, New Mexico, dispatch states that it is positively asserted that in the fight on tlie 29th ult. between the Mexican troops under Col. Garcia and Loco'aband of Indians, the latter lost seventy-eight killed and all their stock, also that Loco himself was killed and thirty-three In dians taken prisoners. The Mexican loss is stated to have boen t wenty-seven killed .Ad-wounded. T JLJL? J-1 'W . "JEU* News and Gossip. - Senator Vest, of Missouri, started life as a Louisville reporter. - Mrs. Jesse James announces ber in* tention to publish the life of her distin guished spouse. - Mrs. L. G. Coburn, r. lad? of San Antonio, Texas, has 40,000 silk worms st work in her yard. - The Texas Legislature bs? fixed the price of railroad travel ic thaCState at not exceeding three cents per mile. - Missouri has a weekly newspaper wbich has suspended and been revived thirteen times. That's what might be called tiring out a corpse. - Oscar Wilde feels disappointed that he has seen no ruins in this country. He should get Mr. Robeson to show him the American Navy by moonlight. - "The Health nf Washington I" ex claimed old Mrs. Pinapbor, reading the bead-line in the newspaper; "Woy, I thought Washington waa dead." - A lot of New York maidens recent ly got up a Fair for the poor, and, as quite a number now wear engagement rings, the enterprise is spoken of as a brilliant success. - 'Well,' sayB a canvasser, 'I must keep walking and talking. That's the way I get my living, and that's the way I got my wife. But she bas done the talking ever since. Good-Day V - "Tommy," raid a mother to her 7 year old boy, "you must not interrupt me when I om talking with Indies. You must wait till wo stop, and then you csu talk." "But you never stop," retorted the b^y. - Virginia holds ber State election on tho 7th ot' June. A full State ticket is to bo elected and also a Congressman ot Large. The contest has bpenr and the patriots _ are peppering away nt each other quito iiveiy. - Believe a woman's eyes rather than her lips. In other words, when she sayB, "My dear, you are so^ poor I will try to get along without a new Spring bonnet," look at her eyes. If they flash fire get tho bonnet. - A Western mon feared he was go ing to bave tho Bmnll-pox, and believing whiskey to be a pro vent, i ro, he drank nearly three quarts of it. He escaped the small-pox, and is not likely to drink any moro whiskey in this world. - "Ab !" he exclaimed, as he pressed ber tenderly against bis vest at parting, 'shall I hold you in these arms again to morrow and paint our future with the bright pigmets of the imagination.' "No," uno said calmly, not to-morrow. To-morrow is washday. - "Kinder close, ip ?he?" "Close? Why, last month her husband died fourth husband, mind-I'm blamed if she didn't take the door-plate off thr front door, bad his age added, and then nailed on to the coffin. Said she guessed likely she'd be wanting a new name on the door soon, anyway. ' - An engino on a Kansas railroad waa left standing on tho track alone, the en gineer supposing he bad qhut off steam, when it suddenly started forward at a rapid speed. Telegrams of warning were sent to all the stations, and one passen* fer train got out of tho way just in time, '?nally tbe runawav stopped, steam hav ing been exhausted*, and no harm waa done. - Tho earth flourishes, or is overrun with noxious weeds and bramble*, as we apply or withhold the cultivating hand. So fares it with the intellectual system of man. If you are a parent, then, con sider that tho good or ill dispositions and principles you please to cultivate in the mind of your infants may hereafter f?reserve a nation in prosperity, or bang ts fate on the point of the sword. - Toke a country mule for inborn meanness every time. One of the lim* ber-legged. flopped-eared sort levied on his owner's lunch basket yesterday on Clayton street, and after eloise T?itb a peck of fried 1mm and eggs, and dried peach pies, was so infernally mean that he commenced on tho basket, and it WAS a hard job for a passer-by to get the re mains of tho basket and n few plates away from the thief. - Senator Hill's friends think that he will not be able to live tho year out. It seems that the Senntor bas bod very little hope of favorable results from treatment, owing to the fact that he was attacked by a disease, wbich he inherited, and which has carried off a brother, a sister and two aunts. The Senator's brother. Dr. Hill, died of cancer in the ?tomneb, and his sister waa attacked very much aa be bad been, by a cancer on the cheek, both re miting fatally. - The death of Henry Coy, an eccen tric man, who resided for several years at Palmyra, N. J., bas allowed the inter ment of three bodies of bis children, which he would not allow to be burled while he was living. One of the chil dren died twenty years ago, and the other ? two a year later. He bad their remains sealed up in bronze caskets and stored away iu a room of his house. He car ried the caskets with him iq bis changes of residence, and would sit for hours in tho room with his dead, and seem to take pleasure iu being near them. - Ralph Waldo Emerson died at Con cord, Mass., 0 o'clock Thurcday evening. About noon the patient exhibited signa of restlessness and began to suffer severe {tain. Soon thereafter be became deliri ous, and Dr. Emerson immediately ad ministered ether, and ho was kept under the influence of this anaesthetic until his death. His death was caused by acute pneumonia, the tubes suddenly filling up and choiring him. The first public notice of Mr. Emerson's death was given on the church bells of Concord, wbich tolled 70 strokes, the poet's age. The funeral services will take place at the Unitarian Church in Concord on Sunday, and the remains will be plaocd in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, near Emerson's home. - Hon. Alexander H. Stephens ia quoted by the Washington coorecpondent of tbe Atlanta ConztUuiion as stating that he ia in receipt of a great many fetter* urging him to become a candidate for Governor of Georgia, in order to avert threatened dissensions in the D?mocratie party of that 8tate. In reply Mr. Ste phens has written that a public man ought to be at all times at the command of his people, if it lay in his power? end that with his present state of health there is no imperious reason why he should not enter tho gubernatorial canvass, pro vided there ia a general wish in the party that he should do so. It is known that Governor Colqultt, ex-Senator Gordon and Senator Brown have been urging Mr. Stephens to accent the Democratic nomination, and it has recently beau 8Wen out that ex-Congress mao Felton, tie leader of tho Independents, would be 5lad to fall in line with Mr. Stephens aa ae candidate. Gen. L. J. Gartrell,how ever, says he will be an Independent candidato for Go?ernor, evenabcMtd Mr. Stephen? be the ?>?inoeratio oljmivee.