Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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Ijy E. B. MURRAY & CO. ANDERSON, S. C., THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 23. 1882. VOLUME XVII. rWrllten for tho Anderdon IutelllReaccr.1 fiTriM? ?' * ri.hta Around Manansaa-now P'' ., swooped ?own on Ulo Kear f ?r.1 Aru.y Groping lu tho Dark HJ,CMieaiTdera? signal flags on the B? !Tof? tl?e 25th of August, M2. BSad fallon back from his line on ft,ld retreated behind the ? hVnnock. Lee bad followed hun B'?t 'o? attack. A part of the HfiSerates bad forced lb J crossing o( H| ?r aud the two great commandera HL moviiie t,u'ir chcriS m,en liere and HH J'S il.ey made ready for the great ? fabien could not lon,; bo de ay ed. BK? t.nn was at Jefferson, on Lao u left. R t ining of thci 25th he took the 9 to Vmiasvilie, and after crossing the SK' .here he turned to the northeast, in Hfd ection of Waterloo. It was then lt the Federal signal flags waved tho RY With bi? r'K!lt wi"? und center, ?["meant to face Pope and hold him Kre he was until Jacksou had carried BK" ,,]an What was it, and where waa KffllDS? P?PC tlid I10t kn0W- FrOD1 H direction of the march Jackson could Hite into the Shenandoah, or he could ?nc into Hie rear of the Federal army. WW.L course be would take no one in K deral army knew or seemed to ??jr 1 ^t icast no energetic movement Hi'made to find out, and by and by Ke made up bis mind that Jncksun had Huted for the Shenandoah and would Blher him no more. THE TH HEAD OF FATE. Hi^H Jay long of the 25th " Jackson Bhed ahead at cavalry pace, and by the SKt evening bc was at Bristol Station, SHjarely in the rear of the Federal army. Hatead of turning to the west at Salem HE making for thc Valley be bad turned Kt and marched for Mannsaas. Five HKu^pd Federals posted in Thorough HeUap could have held him until tho Pglival of an army corps, but there were BiFederals in thc Gap. Pope hud see" Ige cut 25,000 men off bis army and Hing them beyond tho Federal right, KHd vet he took no steps to guard tho i?proaches to bis rear until too late. As H? hour? passed by, Jackson hurried on BR on and on, expecting each hour that HT great movement would bo exposed, ?e never meeting with the slightest op Eition. Had he found a division hold US Thoroughfare Gap ho must have ?ned hack. Ou tho night of the 26th, SSC? he struck the railroad, Pope neut :i aggie regiment down on the cars to drive Hay the "inttuders," supposing that ?soy had dashed in. Instead of Mosby ? a hundred guerillas, it was Jackson ?Sh 2-5,000 fighters. It was only on the SEErning of the 27th that Pope realized Hst any considerable body of Confed Hates was in his rear. BURNING THE STORES. Igglanassas was the great Federal storo Buse. It was a part of Jackson's plan SBdestroy everything, and he lost not an {jalur in beginning his work. Ewell was Bit in the direction of the Federal Spy, and thc weak Federal guard over depot was speedily overcome. Then, J?an hour or two, Jackson's men were H loose on the stores. There was every Bng there to tempt a soldier's appetite, Bl the Confederates bad not eaten full ?ions for three days. Men ate their fill, Jfgd then loaded themselves down with ?pr, bacon, canned fruits and choice spital stores. Jackson's mnrch to rds Centerville could be traced by pty cans and bottles and thc stores ich the men tired of-carrying. What lld not be eaten or carried aw ay was to burned, and it was only when that at cloud of smoko rolled heavenwards it Popo knew any part of Jackson'^ ms. Official Confederate reports show it they removed or destroyed supplies ich had co?t the Federal Government liions of dollars One of the captures s a field batte-y of eight gunB, com it? even to horses, and this battery was 'ding death into the Union ranka two vs later. HOOKER AND EWELL. On the afternoon of the 27tb, in push j forward towards Manassas to develop ! enemy, Hooker ran upon Ewell, and >attle opened which did not close till ? dusk of evening. Jackson depended Ewell to stay there until the stores ire destroyed, aud at turndown sent him )rd lo fall back. Hooker plumed him lf on having driven the enemy across oad Bun and put him to flight, but ?veil was retiring in obedience to orders. [was a fight between divisions only, but hotly coutested nnd so bravely innin ned, that ncitherline had been driven _ hundred feet when Jackson's order ?me. BAGO INO THE CROWD. IPore reached Hooker after the fight d then made up his mind that Jackson w at Manassas and could bo bagged, "ders were instantly dispatched to dif 'ent corps commanders to concentrate Manassas, but before any brigade out Jle of Hooker's division had advunced rod Jackson was moving. Pope ex v i"m t0 rt,mnin at Manassas until e redorai army found it convenient to & ?. and Kreat WR8 bis surprise when dashed out of tho woods on the morn ! of the 28th to find Jackson gono. He Federal bag was ready, but the vie ta was nowhere to bo seen. In what rection had he gone? SOME QUEER CAMPAIGNING. IPope killed himsolf as a leader when issued his bombastical proclamation the army, but he was a fihter for all ?. Ho fell back from the Bapidan to orten his lines and secure a better Pung position. The best military "tera havo praised his sagacity in this. ?meant to fight Lee on the Bappahan but Leo, Jackson, Providence and ? or two other things prevented. Lee /Mined him by certain movements, rovidonco sent a rain which swelled tho 'er a"d prevented Pope from crossing lr' of his forces to assail Lee's rear and . A corps commander retired from position he should have held. Jackson ?J.loose and no Federal knew his ob ?M,V0 POINT- r?P0 did not hoi ie ve wuon would daro swing into his rear, m inot 8U9Pect th&t it wan Leo's plan march after Jackson and pour through csatneThoroughfare Gap to join him. ?ooker lost his wita at Chancellore ne. Burnside lost his at Fredericks ?rE- Pope did not loose hiB around anassas, but ho failed to disoDver what r eRemy were doing, and all his moves pre made in tho dark. He sent orders fo'hUner an(I countmTanded them by ir n ? J marched divisions nnd pw all day and counter marched them 'on x/' ^ftcr Jackson had been gone pru Manassas ten hours, Pope ordered j *. corl,s to cut his marching line in U oo C 0 expected to find Jackson on .e ?otb where he was on tho 27tb Ile ?peeled him to retreat through Thor ?gruare Gap, when Jackson knew that tm *n c?mlng to join him through tho ta n p- "e expected Jackson was ~r the wagon tra?na in ono direction, ?>>e?he was really marching in another 'rcction to pick his position to wait for *es arrival. Pope was no coward; ".uer was he an incompetent. But he mystified and dumb founded and o-t'-s ??y irom nour to hour. 8T?LL CARItYINO THE BAG. As soon as it wu* discovered that Jack nZdmd ??0ue towar<!8 Ceoterville, l? e acted w.th energy, but be made a mis f "f'Tn ?? COuld *?} ?et rid of the Mea that Jackson wanted to retreat through Thoroughfare Gap, and march back to rejoin Lee on the Ranpahannock, and ho hastened to throw a /orce between Jack son and the Gap. Jackson was simply looking for a pcs,-.on to await the arrival of Lee, and tho ?-rco thru .t between him and tho Gap would presently find itself between two Confederate armies. Pone had h a plan to bag Jackson-Jackson had his plan to hold Pope until Lee came up In this determined attempt to gobble Jackson, Pope ordered McDowell to close in. To obey ho must leave I horoughfare Gap undefended. Ho took the responsibility of detaching the divis ion of King and Rickets and leaving them behind, but ?>8 soon as Lee mado his appearance tl ese divisions retired and permitted him to pour through a?d join Jackson. JACKSON'S MISTAKE. What is known as the battle of Gaines ville was brought about through a mis take ot Jackson. A Federal column on the march lo ? new position was sup posed by him to be in retreat, and he gave orders for au attack. The blue col umn wheeled into battle-line at thesound of the first gun, and for about three hours tho conflict was close and bloody. On the Federal side King's division alono was engaged, and though opposed bv HU penor numbers, they could not be driven a single foot. When Jackson discovered his mistake he would have drawn off, but this the Federals would not let him do. THE BATTLE OE OROVETON. AB Gainesville was the mistake of Jackson, so was Groyeton the mistake of Pope. Still following up his theorv that he could bag Jackson, he made the at tack at Grovetou on what he supposed was Jackson's army, but which was in reality the entire Confederate force, Lee having come up and been in line for mauy hours. Porter was to come up on Jackson's flank at Grovetou, and was court-martialed and cashiered for Iiis failure to do so. And yet, when Porter was ready to move, he found Longstreet in his front. Porter knew what Pope had to learn hours after-that the Con federate army was all up. Porter held 15,000 Confederates irom pushing on to Grovetou. When tho order was dent him lo move against Jackson, Lee was sup posed to bo still on the other side of the Gap. McDowell interpreted the same order to suit his own ideas, aud no charge was brought against him. King and Ricketts fell back from Thoroughfare Gap against all orders, letting Lee in, and yet they sat in judgment on Porter. Siegel misinterpreted a plain order by which a part of the troops had a march of nine miles for nothing, but his blun der was excused. Pope attacked like a man who meant to win a victory, and when night fell the fields of Groveton wera heaped with dead and wounded. That was all. Jackson was still there. A GLORIOUS CHARGE. Late in the afternoon, after several hours of terrific fighting, and after Mill roy, Schenck, Reynolds and Schurz had taken their commands in and fought them until exhausted and obliged to tall back, Pope saw that Jackson could not be driven by any such fighting. The Confederate center was protected by a railroad embankment. Pope determined to mass a crack brigade and hurl it upon the center, and to follow it with a divis ion. Hooker was to lead, and he select ed Grover's brigade of five regiments. It was composed of regiments from Mas sachusetts, New Hampshire and Penn sylvania, and every man knew that des perate fighting was in store for him. With muskets loaded and bayonets fixed the blue regiments advanced at a steady pace. Confederate shells tore through tho ranks, and grane and canister cul wide gaps in the lines, but nothing stopped the onward march. Now thev halt lo delive?- their fire, and then thc) rush for Jackson's center with cheer: which are heard two mi!c3 away. Aftes that one volley they must depend on thc bayonet alone. They dashed into UH smoke, over the dead and wounded through tho woods and thickets, ant Jackson's first line of battle was driver from tho embankment with cold steel al their backs. There was a shock-a grap ?le-and that Federal wedge had entered ackson's center. Pausing only a min ute to reform, the blue brigade rushed al the second line, bent it back upon the third, and for minutes men jabbed with the bayonet, struck with clubbed mus kets, and fired at such close range thai the flames of the powder seemed to follow tho bullets through the victims. Tv.-c linea had been carried-tho third was fighting as regiments fight when the) renlize that retreat menus disaster to r whole army. Confederates who helpet to burv tho dead at that point say tba scores* of blue and gray clutched ead other as they went down in the agonie! of death. Dozens of men lay dead witt bayonets pinning the corpse to earth. A USELESS SACRIFICE. Grover's brigade was to have been sup Sorted by a division, but that divisioi id not come. The' wedge had nene tratcd-Jackson's third lino could no stand another blow, and yet not anothei Federal advanced. Why? No need t< ask Pope-he had no explanations Longstreet was there nt noon, and ye when that charge was made, hours later Pop6 was seeking to bag Jackson ant ignorant that ho had been reinforced Slowly the blue lines yielded, rotreatinj root by foot, and when that brigade ba< reached tho Federal lines again it ha? left 600 dead behind it. It had pene trated Jackson's center-it had left 50 corpses in its path-nothing more. A GALLANT DEFENSE. Pope could have advanced his whol line as well as a single brigade. Histor is silent as to why he did not. He wa trying to bag Jackson. Did he expec to do it by throwing him men to shoe at? When Grover was driven bac bloodstained and defeated, Kearney wa ordered to try the same dash at anothc point. He put himself at tho hoad t Stephens' division and he rushed upo A. P. Hill. Had Phil Kearney been oi dered to lead a single company ngami all the artillery in tho Confederate sei vice he would not have flinched. Oa hint as any cavalior of old-brave asan knight of history, if tho whisper ha reached his ears that death would clas his hand a few hours later at anotln point on the same field, ho betrayed r sign. He had ?en Grover driven bac -he knew what desperate fighting awai cd him, but no man saw his face gro paler as ho took the placo of honor ar dashed straight at Hill, who was t Jackson's loft. .... ..? Every Federal histor)* which is writt< in truth will admit that Hill was ou numbered on the start. Some of b men had only three oi four rounds omunition left them when Kearney ?we down upon them. They were rolh back, nnd Jackson's left was actual turned and taken in flank. Then aga mon fought with clubbed muskets-wi thc bayonet-even with tho branche? < twitted ofl the trees and rocks pulled from the soil. Gregg's brigade received the first shock. What it cost him is told In Confederate reports. In five minutes ; tie was out of ammunition and fighting with the bayonet alone. In a brief quar ter of an hour that one brigade had lost ! over 600 men. Il was pushed back, but I it could not be routed. Regiments who had not a cartridge fell back in order : with bayonets pointed towards the Fed ; erais. Where was the support? Did ; I ope expect that one division to bag ; Jackson? It bad almost cut him in two in the center, but when it had done all j that desperate men could do Hill threw 1 forward two fredi brigades, and Kearney was driven back, leaving a thousand ; dead and wounded to prove his valor. OBSTINATE TO THE I. A HT. ? . And still Pope labored under tho delu ! sion that bc had only Jackson's army in ; front of him. longstreet had been there ever since noon-Stephen D. Lee was I there with all his artillery-Porter was ! being held by a Confederate force, and I yet Pope would not believe it. Even when the Confederates shortened their line for an expected advance by tho whole Federal army al suusent, Pope was pleased to construe it into a retreat, and he pushed three brigades into a position where they were decimated and driven out. Six thousand Federal dead were lying on thc field at Groveton-every assault of Pope's had been re noised, and vet he sat down and telegraphed, after being forced to believe that Longstreet had come up : "We fought a terrific battle herc yes terday. * The enemy were di i ven from the field. * * Tho enemy lost two to one. * He is retiring towards the mountain. * * We have made great captures." The enemy had not been driven a sin gle rod. He had simply shortened his lines. He was not retiring. He had not lost two to one. Pope had captured nothing; the enemy had captured many prisoners and several thousand stands ol arms, and yet Pope thought ho had won a great victory, and he spent the night in pieparing plans to crush the whole Confedera te army on the morrow ! That morrow was to sec the number of dead quadrupled-to see Pope driven nt cverj point-to see the blue lines falling back upon Washington. Pope was to be do feated and driven, and his head was U fall, but some one else was to suffer will him. Fitz John Porter, held nt bny bi, Longstreet, and likewise saving Pope bj holding longstreet from moving on, wm to be degraded and disgraced, and hi judges were to be the men who left ford; open to Jackson-who left bridges for bi artillery-who skulked nwny from Thor oughfare Gap at Lee's thunder and le him through to Jackson's aid ! Pop groped his way over those fields like : man blindfolded. He ordered and coun tcrmanded in the same moment. He rc membered dozens of ordcrB which h never wrote. He filled every road will wagon trains and then expected whol army corps to march at the rate of Ihre miles an hour. The best Federal mili tary authority, writing for the years t come, and writing in a spirit of peact with all the facts before them, hav pointed out such grave errors and seriou mistakes iu his campaign that readei must wonder that any part of his arm reached a haven of safety. M. QUAD. (.'uiteiui Weakening. Guiteau, according to Deputy Warde Ross, who has charlie of him, is breakin down. Warden Ross, being nsked ti night how his prisoner was, said: "Gu teau is not so well as he has been, ll weakened a great deal last week." "From what cause?" "It was the interview in some Chica' newspaper in which Scoville said he w willing Guiteau should be sacrificed thereby public attention would be calli to the necessity for reform in the law r lating to insane criminals." "Guiteau now reminds me," said tl Warden, "of the story connected wi the hanging of Modoc Captain Jae As the noose was about to be put abo his neck, Captain Jack said : 'Dot hang me ; hang Scarface Charley ther That is just the way with Guiteau. I has no objection to legislation on t subject of insanity, but he does not wa to be hung-at any rate, not us an e ample of the deficiencies of the law. J is quite willing that Scoville or anybo else shall be hung. Indeed, he said the other day. In n paroxysm of fe ho cried out'to one of the guards : *W don't they hang Sooville and let me g I am a high-toned gentleman, and he only a real estate lawyer. The coun can spare him better than it eau spi me I" "This interview," continued Rc "threw Guiteau into a fever, and he 1 had the sulks ever since. He is not Wi His appetite, which has always been vi great, ha3 entirely failed him within I past week. There was a curious incid the other day at the jail. A man cn to visit him who said he had traveled tho way from Tenncsseo just to tak look at him, and tho tramp said . 'I sti ed without a cent, I beat thc railroad thc passage, and I have not a cent nc Guiteau was greatly interested in tramp's story. His experience in beat n railroad company seemed to re pleasant memories to Guiteau, and w the tramp left Guiteau did not ask I to buy a photograph or an autogrn but gave him a half dollar, and said I he hoped that would help to get a g square meal. This is thc first vis Guiteau has had who was not invited purchase something." "Do you think Guiteau will bi down on his way to the scaffold?" keeper was asked. "I think that he will break down t! and before that time. He ia breal down now. My impression is tba soon ns the Court en bane decides agt him, he will break down entirely, ar think ho will probably die of inani before the day set for his execution rives."-Special to Chicago Tribune. - The Atlanta Constitution raoul the case of A. M. Camp, who, stai with a capital of $25 about ten 3 ago, is now a manufacturer doing a ioess amounting to $350,000 a year, illustrates the possibilities of the m facturing interest in tho South \ pursued with energy and industry. - During some recent excavatior the neighborhood of Pompeii thirty man skeletons were found. Ono of t which waa lying at full length, appi to be grasping to its breast a pm which were a gold coin of Vespt six silver and len bronze coins, car tl K?arla and engraved precious st ear the other skeletons wero found of gold and silver. They belong t reign of Galba, Tiberius, Nero and itian. Gold bracelets, pearls and cioua atones were found with them a house not'yet entirely excaval mo-vaio. fountain has been broug light. The decorations aro anid to superior to any of the kind yet d ?red in Pompeii. WHAT MAKES FLOODS. Au Account of thc Caine of tho MUnlssinpl ' Overflow. I To form a proper conception of the . j lower Mississippi and the cause of its : ? overflow, imagiue the mightv st/earn I flowing from the mouth of tho Ohio ' I River llirou h a vast alluvial plain thirty 1 miles wide and gradually extending to a 1 ? width of loO miles at the Gulf of Mexico, j Through tho entire length of this plain j Lins turbid stream flows in a zigzag and , constantly shiftiug channel a distance of nearly a thousand miles to where it empties through it? several moutlt3 into the gulf. This plain, containing nearly 40,000 square miles has been formed in the course of ages from material brought down from the uplands of Mississippi and ita tributaries. Rich in vegetable and organic mMter, finely filtrated, it is consequently one of, if not the most fer tilo and productive regions in the United States, the richest portions bei:'g found in "thc bottom lanpB," immediately con tiguous to the river and its numerous tributaries. Both sides are lined with plantations, which extend for miles bnck into the country, all of which are more or less under cultivation, while thriving towns and cities dot its banks to tba Crescent City. . THE LEVEES, lu tho summer, nod when the river ?3 low, its surface is depressed from 20 to 150 feet below its banks, but when tho au tumnal rains set in, followed by the spring thaws, the chanuel rapidly Bibi, and wherever unchecked overflows KB ' banks right am', left, spreading for many ' miles over thc greHt, wide, level plain. To protect the cultivated lauds from this l yearly threatened inundation they are i guarded by artificial ?mbankments < thrown up in front of each plantation. | These are called levees, and are hundreds i of miles in extent, almost lining the en- I tire course of the river. They vary iu i height from six lo forty feet in some places, and are proportionately thick at the base. As might be expected, the < cost of building and keeping in repnir these immense earth structures is very ? b'-avy. In some instance.-; it devolves . upon the county, in others upon the ? State, iu many instauces upon the indi- . vidual plauters, and it is largely to a , want o? proper and comprehensive en gineering system capable of copiug effect- . ually with the yearly threatened danger that the present disaster is to be attri buted. Wheu the channel of the river is full its level is many feet above that of the . adjacent country and within a fow inches | probably of the top of the levee. The danger arising from its great pressure , against these artificial banks from a cur- , rent of immense volume running at the rate of seven miles an hour can bc readi- ! ly estimated. IN DANGER-THE CREVASSE. , At such times the people live iu con- j slant dread of iuundation, and are called 1 upon to exercise the keenest vigilance to prevent catastrophe. Neither money, labor nor time is spared in such emer gencies. The entire neighborhood is , summoned to action, all weak points are . at once strengthened, new levees ure . sometimes e 5 'led in the rear like a sec ond line of . ?Gcations ; guards patrol , the banks day and night searching for the least leak in the earth wall, or the , faintest slopping over the top, for woe betide the section that allows one to es- ' cape notice. In a very short time the bank melts before it like dissolving BUgar and a pressing wall of water cuts :?a way . through, making the dreaded crevasse. A crevass?e or break in thc levee once j made is rarely closed, and only then { under exceptional circumstances and with ] great dilliculty. A torrent of water se7- . eral feet high pouring through an open ing of crumbling earth walls is no easy , thing to check, and, in fact, rarely is , checked. Unless there is existing, or has | been erected, "a protection levee" in the rear it only takes a very few hours for the sea of waters to spread over miles of the level, cultivated valley, drowning tho , crops, destroying stock and spreading ruiu and desolation broadcast. The only method evei successful iu stopping crevasses is by driving strong piles and filling up the ?nstertic.es with \ sand bags, but this method is only effec tive iu minor instances, since once under headway nothing can withstand the force of "the rushing waters. Under the cir- i cuuiBtances it is impossible to estimate the losses and suffering incurred by the victims of tho late overflow. The inun dated district is so vast in extent and may be submerged with its devastated erupa for so many weeks, during which period its people will remaiu entirely destitute as lar as any ability to provide for their own wants is concerned, that even in its present aspect it rises to the proportions of a national calamity. FORMER INUNDATIONS. The history of the Mississippi dolta is a history of repeated overflows. Francis Xavier Martin records an ex traordinary rise in 1718. Gagarce states that in 17'if> tho waters were so high that many levees were broken and New Orleans was inundated. A great flood is recorded by Gen. Sar gent as occurring in 1770, of which few particulars arc given. In 1782 the whole districts of Alla kapas and Opelousas were inundated. Auother overflo.v occurred in 1785, an other in 1791, others in 17% and 1799, and in 1809, according to Gov. Sargent, the resulting devastation was so great that the people imagined tho northern lakes bad broken through a channel to a river. Io 1811 and in 18U< the river again broke through the levee, inundating the entire Teche county, and in 1815 "a very great flood" occurred, in which the Ohio Uiver reached at its mouth the highest point ever recorded. Again in 1816, 1823 and 1824 portions of the country were overflowed. Between 1824 and 18b0 seven "great" floods are recorded, reapectively in 1828, 1844, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1858 and 1859. All these were marked with great de struction of property, but that of 1850 waa by far the worst, tho damage occa sioned hoing immense, the St. Francis, Tensas and Yazoo uottoms being entirely submerged. The principal breaks in the leveo were above the Louisiana line at Bayou Macon, at Point Lookout, at Is land No. 102, at New Cathnge and at Bodney. The waters during this overflow rose steadily until March 15th, then declined slowly until early in April, then rose again until the middle of May, when they attained their highest point, and then rapidly subsided, resulting in tho almost entire destruction of the crops. - Governor Colquitt, of Georgia, has determined to call au extra session of the Legislature for the purpose of redis tricting the State. The St. Paul (Minn.) Globe observes: Things had goue wrong with him, and he watited to die; yet he had the whole hhnsc darting around mighty lively, *o we heard, hunting for the St. Jacobs Oil bottle, when the brat twings of rheuma tism gathered him up. DILLIONS OF BATS. Immense Guanal Deposit? In TeiM Reach- j < ?I by a Iteceut Ilallroad Ksteualun. Fro.n the Xew York World. Mr. Morton Frewer, No. 25 East Twen ty-hixth street, who has recently returned from a business trip to Texas in connec tion with the development of ?OHIO very extensive ^uuuo deposits in Uvaidc coun ty, in the western part of that rapidly developing state, was found ye.tte "day by a World reporter and asked in regard to the sou reo of these strange dope .;s. "That is the most peculiar thing about them," replied Mr. Frewer. "There are several caves inhabited bv myriads of bats of dill.'rent species. The entrance of the smaller of the two large caves which have been so fur discovered is about 50 feet in height and 25 feet wide, on the side of a low hill. I was told that tho bats begin coining out of this en trance every afternoon about 4:30, and pour fourth like a thick black cloud un til after 10 o'clock at night. They go to some vast marshes, whero they obtain foo? and return to the caves in the early morning." "Hut bat guano is something entirely new to commerce, is it not ?" asked tho repoiter. "No, not entirely new. For some years past small (?ti au ti ties of bat guano have been shipped to this port from the Bahamas, where it was obtained out of caves along the sea cliffs. This guano contains, however,"only 3} percent, of ammonia, and is not of great commer cial moment. Hut tho guano from theso Texas caves is quite a different article. Analyses mado by Dr. Habirshaw, of this city, and also by .Messrs. Techemacber Sc Smith, show that the deposits contain aver 11 per cout. of ammonia, besides bono phosphates of value in considerable lUactfties. This analysis compares very lavoiably with any Peruvian guano now in tho market. MISTAKEN FOB FENIAN HYNAM IT F.. "By the way," contined Mr. Frewer, 'in connection with these annaly; o i au tmusing incident occurred not long ago. The foreman in charge had forwarded oy nail samples of the guano in hermetical ?sealed cases to various English gen emen interested in or directly connected with agriculture, and among others ono ?vas sent to Mr. Kalph Creyke, M. P. The Fenian scare being at its heightjust nt this time, tho honorable member from York city had no doubt thnt ho was the recipient of an iufernal ?".achine, and tho mysterious package was in consequence forwarded to Woolwich arsenal forexam ?nation. It was opened with the utmost precaution by experts detailed by thc military authorities, who found nmassof fine dark-brown powder, whose color and appearance did not reveal its nature. Then it was tested in small quantities without result. It wns not until a com plete analysis had been made aud ex planatory letters received that the terri ble mystery was cleared up.", THE HI8TOKY OF THE CAVES, "What is the history of these caves?" "I do not not know when they were first discovered. I first learned nbout Lhem from a cow-boy while I was hun ting up in Wyoming territory. He told ate that during the war tho confederates had obtained largo quantities of sci petro Tram theso cave deposits of guano. I Tound that the largest cave ner.r the Frlo river, and known as Uvalde cf.ve, was in the possession of a man named Ney, who wanted $120,000 for thc property. He would not take any less for it, but said .hat the quantity of guano in that ono ;avc was so enormous that ho would leaso it to a company to work without limiting Lho quantity of guano to be removed an nually, for $3,000 a year. He was satis fied that the deposit could not be worked ?ut in a hundred years. Some four or five years ago an attempt was made to work these ccpoaits, but as there were no rail loads within 120 miles of either lave at that time the enterprise was i disastrous one. The existence of the caves must have beeu known for a lone Lime, as reference is made to the bats anti :aves in many names of objects and pinces in their locality. All these names are of Spanish origin. The caves, the numerous small ones, have never I believe, been thoroughly explored." THE EXTENT OF THE DEPOSITS. "What is the extent of tho smaller caves ?" "The entrance of the C?bolo cave, as it is called "a about 50 feet high and 7.r? feet wide. The paRsago widens gradual ly for a distance of about 250 feet, when the outer cave is reached. The bottom is of guano. The shape of the cavo is like nn inverted bowl. Tho walls aro of limestone and unite nearly 200 feet above in a grand dome. Thc cave is as dark as Egypt. There appear to be neither stal agmites nor stalactites. This cav'e is 300 or 400.feet in diameter, and the floor is covered with about 30 feet of guano. In some parts it is believed to be much deep er. Hie atmosphere is very dry, and five years ago the guano caught fire, tho whole surface being burned over to the depth of about four feet. Since then, eight feet of guano have been deposited, so that we have proof that the fertilizer is being deposited nt the rntc of more than a foot and a half a year." STILL OR EATER DEPOSITS. "So this is where these myriads of bats live?" "Oh, no! this is only their antechnni ber, as it were. On the fur side of this cave, In the side of the dome, about 120 (cet from the floor, is an opening about G by 8 feet in size. Through this all bats go to an inner cave, which has never been explored. It ia bolieved, however, to be very extensive, because of the immense number of bats ?/hieb daily sleep in it, and because at the time of the fire in tho outer cavo great quantities of smoko es caped through crevices in the rock near the Cibolo river, on the opposite side of the hill, two miles and n half from tho main entrance. This inner cave is be lieved to be fully two miles long and very broad. The Uvalde cave I was not able to visit, but agents reported to me that it was about six times ns large as the Cibolo cave. It differs from the lat ter in being moist instead of dry. There is no running water in either cave." "What is the general character of the country round about?" "The district is quite hilly, and is com posed altogether of a limestone forma tion. In the abrupt hills many small caves are known to exist, and all of (hem aro inhabited by bats ; but only thc two I havo mentioned, it is believed, are of sufficient extent to warrant working for the guano depoai't. TRANSPORT. " 'ON FACILITIES*. "What are the present means of trana portatiou ?" "During the laat two years railroads have bcon extended through tho cave district. The Galveston and Harrisburg runs near ost the Cibolo cave, the station of Daven port on that lino being only R'IX miles away. Davenport is 120 miles from Gal veston. Another line of railroad, which tuna from Houston to San Antonia, and ia called tho 'Sunset line,' runs within ni ic miles of this cave and within six d les of Uvalde cave. The station of Uvalde, however, ts sixteen miles from that cave. With these two lines BO near thc deposits there can heno further dif ficulty about transportation facilities." "How is the work of getting out the deposits progressing ?" "The work is really but just begun. The first tdiipmcut was made from the C?bolo Cave but a few days ago. On the analyses made this bat guano will be worth from ?oO to SCO ncr ton. The Uvalde Cave has not yet been touched. Mr. Ney has died and both eaves are now owned by tho same persons. It is expected that large uping* of men will be nt work in them very soon now. Messrs. Wyllie, Teacher & Gordon, of London, tho proprietors of the extensive phos phate deposits at Charleston, are work ing the caves and propose to erect nt Uvalde a manufactory for tho production of sulphate of ammonia." SHERMAN AS A SCOUNDREL, A Covert Aiim I; un iliiti|itnn'? Clinractar Kxposed. Sprint Ditjmteh tn New* mili Cou ri fr. WASHINGTON', March 27. Thal John Sherman is a political trick ster and a peculator of public moneys few peoplo doubt nfter the developcmcnt of thc last Presidential campaign and tho outturn of the treasury investigation ; but here is proof that he carries his scoundrelism into private as well as pub lic lile. lCverybody knows thal since Senator Hampton convicted William Tecumseh Sherman of lying, in regard to lite burn ing of Columbia, tl.o Sherman family have been very biller against him. It will also be remembered that during the last Presidential campaign .lohn Sher man, then secretary of ibo treasury, laid bare his vulgar spite by replying lo a courteous letter of inquiry from Senator Hamilton with an open lotter, most offon sivc in its terms and very insulting to the people of South Carolina. Soon af ter this' the notorious South Carolina Radical and renegade white man, Rol lin H. Kirk, thou employed in the treasu ry here, published a scurrilous and libel lous attack upon Senator Hampton, charg ing him with having nided in murdering a score of negroes in Mississippi, and with such other offences ns a vitiations imagination could conjure up. This let ter was circulated by the Republicans du ring the last Presidential campaign throughout tho West. Upon Sherman's exit from tho treasury Kirk lost his place there. A month or two ago lie waa rein stated, and almost simultaneously his wretched campaign lies were republished by a scavenger sheet in Charleston. Upon this several of Senator Hamp ton's friends determined to look into tho matter. Here wns an employee of the Government occupied in circulating the most abominable falsehoods against a Senator. The attacks were personal, not political, and ns such could justly bc ob jected to. Secretary Folger was seen and the facts laid peforc him. He promptly admitted that Kirk's coursa was a suffi cient cause for Iiis discharge. He sent for Kirk and interrogated liim. Kirk ad mitted having written the letter, but begged the secretary with tears in his eyes uot to discharge him, as ho had a wife and six children to support. The attack, he declared, was ordered by a su perior official. Mr. Folger communicated these fncls to Senator Hum; lon and offered to dis charge Kirk from office if bo desired it. Senator Hampton replied that hu would spare bim, but that ne wished to know who had incited the publication. Kirk, upon henring this, stated that the official was Secretary Sherman, and produced n letter from the Secretary to provo tho fact. This letter was read by Senator Hampton and others and was relumed to Ita owner. It seems that Kirk first wrote to the secretary, who replied in sub: tance as follows : "In my position I cannot no tice these things, but I wisli that you, or some otic else, would make a formal statement of thc kind agi '.nst Hampton." Kirk said that coming from tho highest treasury officer ho regarded tho lotter as au order, and he also asserted lliat Sher man promised, if he was discharged f-oui the treasury, to get him a placo at the Capitol. These facts have been leaking out | gradually, and they are now known to i several Senators, who declare it the most dastardly act they ever heard of. Hero was tho secretary of the treasury of tho United States employing tho venom of his subordinate lo strike at tho personal character of a Senator. Tho cowardly brute who hires the services of an assassin to murder bis opponent is as respectable. xi a ri xi. \jt. \J. . Four Deaths in DIR Family. The family of Butler Cunningham, a colored tenant on the farm belonging to Mr. J. V. JoncB, nenr Enterprise, have been great sufferers within the last week. About ten dayH ugo nearly every member of the family was taken sick with typhoid fever. Two of tho children died Friday and another of thc children and their mother died Sunday. Tho fever was of such a malignant type that medical skill was totally ineffectual. This fearful mor tality may be attributed to u pile of de caying cotton seed, and a filthy pig; pen. They were very poor peoplo and iu consequence had been during the Fail and Winter unable to provide either an abundance of the best food or the most comfortable clothing-with systems insuf ficiently nourshed, and improperly pro tected from the weather, they were phys ically not in a good condition to resist the attack of tho fever which resulted as a natural consequence of thc plain viola tion of the hygiene. So violent was the poison emitted from the seed and the pen in which a hog had been fattened last'Fall, that tho fowls about tho yard sickened and died as soon as the warm sunshine filled the air with thc poisonous germs, which had Inin dormant during the cold weather. Mr. Jones is doing everything possible for thc atllicled people. Besides securing medical nttetion he has ordered the caus es of disease lo bo abated by a heavy Covering of earth thrown over them. To removo them at present would be almost certain death to whoever undertook the job. Last year it waa our painful duly to ! publish thc tiore affliction of a -hito fam ily of this county in which there were several deaths, from typhoid fever, pro duced by a pig pen. These facts are warnings which should bo heeded by our people. When we violato tho laws of health by keeping well known causes ot disease near our dwellings, wo may expect to Buffer the consequences, as well ns tho blame. We commit an actual sin in ex posing ourselves and our families to tho dangers of typhoid fever, which danger ous disease never visits a family without being invited. Cellars with their imquro air have been thc cause of much typhoid fever and diphtheria. Let all the cellars be thoroughly cleaned. Death may rest in a few rotting potatoes.-Abberille Pre** an-l Haulier. - Congressmen talk of adjourning by thc middle of Juuo. Southern Bourbons. A Boston clergyman, who ha? been traveling in the South attempts in a re cent number of thc Atlantic Monthly to explain who ami what manner of men thc so called "Ilourbon Dem?crata" of the South, are "as used in tho North-" : though he might more properly have said, "by tho Republican press" of the North - " "this word 'Bourbon' designates a class nf white men composed chiefly of the leading citizens of the Southern Stales. The Bourbon* arc the principal business men, lawyers, physicians, tench* ers, clergymen, merchants and farmers of the South. They aro everywhere th? leaders of society, in the best sense of the word. Thev sustain the churches, and give such efficiency to thc moral activities and discipline of the local communities us they nave thus far attained. Taken broadly or generally, the class includes the best people of tho South, or most of them. They are Bourbons because in politics they aro Democrat* and act in op position to tho principles, policy or methods of the Republican party, which has administered the national govern ment since the time of our civil war. In tho Southern States the term Ilourbon has no distinct significance. It is applied iudiscriminately by all classes of politi cians to any one who differs from them. It is lhere a convenient though empty epithet or name of reproach. Every improvement-the representative or em bodiment of the only ideas by which society can exist or civilization be main tained; and he is ot coursu entitled to stigmatize his opponent? ns Bourbons. Tho word is a sham or burlesque weapon in the South, and is used there by every body in political wrangling "for nil it is worth." As to the Southern men who compose thc class lo which this name is usually applied in the North, 1 am com pelled to say that, asido from polilicnl matters, they ure much like other people or like the best people in our Northern communities. They do not appear to love what is wrong for its own sake, nor to prefer falsehood, baseness, cruelly or injustico lo tho virtues and good qualities which are elsewhere revered in good men. They are amiable, truthful, conscientious, kind, public-spirited and religious, resem bling very closely tho foremost mon in our New Englund towns in all tho im portant clements of personal character; differing only, in being moro communica tive und having less reservo than is usual among New Englanders. As to their Iiolilical action, it seems to mo to havo icen for some years lurgoly inevitable ; tho necessary product und result of tho peculiar conditions of life and society in ibo South since the civil war. It docs not appear to have been owing to sheor depravity on their part, nor to any choice or agency of theirs', that thero was for some years a disturbed and unsettled state of things in thc Southern States. Collisions between di li?rent clasues fol lowed unavoidably upon thc elevation of tho emancipated slaves into political su periority over the disfranchised white citi zens of tho country. There has never been any such completeness of organiza tion among the people of the South since tho war ns many perdons believo to havo existed there. That part of the country is distinguished by much greater feeble ness of community und less organic lifo than belongs to Northern eoctety ; nnd the Uourhons nre not renlly responsible for everything that has been dono south of Mason and Dixon's line. The men thus designated are, eminently social, hospitable, honest and upright men, if wc leave their politics out of viow. They have, in a large measure, built up and maintained such moral, social, indus trial and religious organization and anx iety, as the South now possesses, nod much of what is best and most encouraging in the pr?sent stale of things in thc prin cipal Southern States is due to them and their efforts for practical reconstruction in a time of extreme difficulty and un certainty, when their resources were most discouragingly sleuder, nnd when they had no precedents to guido them except such ns were furnished by the experienco of mankind in tho long contest between civilization and barbarism tn tho past. I think they have m ado mistakes and done wrong things since tho war. I am not certain that wo or anybody else would hnvo done better than they. In conversation with these gentlemen I everywhere expresB my conviction that illegal interference with negro suffrage could not bo continued without tho most serious injury to all Southern interests, and that it would be better that Southern men, Democrats, should make thc ballot entirely free to nil ?ho are legally entitled to its pos-iession, and theil endure what ever ills might result. They alwavB re plied that disturbance, violence and fraud were each year diminishing, and that ne gro political supremacy would bo utterly ruinous for tho State and for society, and insisted that if the Republican party of tho South possessed tho character and employed thc methods of the Hame party in thc North they would gladly co-operate with it, that they were ready to disentd and abandon their political organization whenever any other party would take up tho real problems of the South and se riously address itself to their solution. In studying the Bourbons I have been forced to conclude that nothing has been attained any where much better than tho domestic life of this class of tho Southern people in its intelligence, refinement, beauty and general elevation and whole someness. The pluin English ni this Boston cler gyman's dissertation upon tho "Bour bons" is that the business, intelligence, refinement, culture, respectability and wealth of thc South is in the Democatic party. The Republican papers of the North uro in the habit of calling ?he Southern Democrats "Bourbons," a- ep ithet which, jn the light of this clergy man's investigation, must bo hereafter regaided tn highly complimentary. Tho Republican party of the North seeks to disrupt and overthrow the Democratic party iii the several Southern State?, and place a barbarous horde of half civilized negroes in control of the wealth, proper ty and business nf the South. The fed eral administration is bending all its pat ronage and energies to this end, as if it were a good thing to place virtue, intelli gence aid prosperity under the heels of vice, gross ignorance and business ruin, I as personified by the thick-skulled, black Republican parly oi" ?he South. All this in attempted in order that tho offices of thc federal government may be kept in the control of tho gentry who nt present administer them. To accomplish this they are not only willing but nnxious to destroy the prosperity and welfare of a toird part ol the federal union. This may bo smart politics, but it ia not only unpatriotic but wicked.-Diyiettown, Pa., J Democrat. j - Judge James R. Brown, of thc Blue : Ridge Circuit, Georgia, recently sen '. tenced a negro to tho penitentiary for ' natural life and titi:ly months over. Disappointment in matters of pleasure is hard to be borne; in matters affecting health it becomes cruel. Dr. Bull's Ciiigh Syrup never disappoints those ' who usc it for obstinate coughs, colds, ? Irritation of throat and lung?, etc. u*. T iii-X^V/. OOi Mows mid Gossip, - Tho Mississippi is falling. - Nineteen States elect Governors and State officers this year. - Tho consumption of mutton again steadily increases throughout the coun try - A needed increase of 800 new clerks is to ho made in thc Pension Office next year. - Moody and Sankey have been asked to spend a year in evangelistic work in London. - Shad and red horse are being enught ' in tho Pee Dee above Cheraw in largo numbers. - A large number of Englishmen aro immigrating to the bluegrass region of Kentucky. - The Acts passed by the last Legis lature will make a vol ii mo of seven hun dred pages. - The high strung dogs o? Kentucky arc feeding on tender mutton in tho blue grass counties. - Congress has appropriated $75,000 to aid in the erection of a monument to President Garfield. - One farmer in Collina county, Tex., is counting on thirty bushels of wheat per aero this season. - South Florida is literally swarming with land seekers and capitalists, whero they aro investing large amounts. - A Kentucky farmer near Owings ville, who attempted to murder a neigh bor, micceeded in killing a little girl. - Eleven men were killed and several wounded by the explosion of a powder magazine in San Francisco, Cal., the other day. - Moro money is coming into tho Texas Slate Treasury from the sale of school lauds than from taxes and all other sources. - Only one woman in fifty can carry an umbrella so ns to protect her back. If sh o ha9 it over her ears she is perfect ly satisfied -Pitt Pren?. - Nearly every day from 100 to 150 persons pass through Chattanooga, going West. They aro from Western North Carolina and Southern Tennessee. - A bill is now before tho Virginia Legislature to allow tho Richmond and Danville Railroad Company to increase its capital stock-, under the provisions of its charter. - Every one in this world has his or her Bbaro of trouble and trials. Let us then try as much as we aro ab! j not to incrense the burden of any by as much as the weight of a straw. - The indications are that Mason will eventually bo pardoned. Petitions ask ing for his pardon are flooding in to the President from Legislatures, societies and citizens in great numbers. - This ?a ibo question which Mormons ask our Congregati on : "Cctv do you know it'a bad to have a dozen wives? You haven't tried it. We have." That may bi regarded as a clincher. - Elridge Cain, colored, of Abbeville, formerly a member of the Radical Leg islature, has originated a "cotton chop per," which is said to bo very simple and effective, possessing decided merit's. - Col. Pal. Calhoun, formerly of thib State, and his brother, have organized a company and purchased ?2,000 acres of land near Greenville.. Miss., which thoy rent to colored people in patches at 100 pounds cotton or ?10 cash nn acre, pur chasing all supplies. - An item to sausnge-eaters from the Louisville CourierJournal ; "A man who detected a pieco of bark in his sausage visited tho butcher shop to know what had become of the rest of the dog. The butcher was so affected that he could give him only n part of the tale." - Mr. W. D. Graydon, a farmer of Buller county, Ala., made last season from ono acre of ground 330 gallons of molasses., besides putting some of the cane on the market, saving 3,008 stalks for seed and reserving about one thou sand stall:.-, for consumption by his fami ly. - Elder Morgan, Presbyterian Elder of the Mormon Church for Virginia, North Cnrolina, Tennessee, Georgia, Al abama and Mississippi, left Chattanooga, Tenn., March 22d, for Utah with 100 converts, gathered in the above States. At Nashville ho was joined by 50 or 75 more. - In Duval county, Florida, dwells a polygamist with three wives. A negro deemed it a duly to prosecute him, and after gathering the requisite proof started for tho court bouse to make a complaint. Ho had gone only a few miles when the polygamous husband overtook and shot - Senator Jonas says, from a rough calculation mado by bim, the land sub merged along the Lower Mississippi pro duced in 1880 a total of 750,063 bales of cotton ; which at the ordinary price, $45 per bale, amounts to $33,752,233, over double the sum asked by friends for tho construction of a permanent system of levees. - A boy who always refused to cat oatmeal, in spile of his mother's urgings that it was a strengthening diet, sud denly surprised her ono morning by ea ting a liberal plateful and calling for more. Upon his mother asking for an explanation, ho replied : "I am bound lo cat oatmeal until I am strong enough to whip Johnny Scott." - Miss Emma Brothers, the North Carolina young lady who recently left her home and was found dead next morning in the bottom of a creek, waB a victim of somnambulism. There was no imaginable causo for suicide, and the fact that sho was in the habit of sleep walking, and went away in her night dress and bare feet, forbids tho theory. - Gen. Clay Green, who once waa Minister to Spain, and who now is a planter at Bolivar, Miss., tells a St. Louis reporter that the floods will cause thou sands of persons to emigrate permanent ly from the Mississippi bottom lands. He adds that no ono ever will know the exact number of human victims of the flood, because whole communities have been dispersed, never to return. - The Bichmond and Petersburg (Va.) bridge, burned Sunday week, was built in 1865, having boen burned a f.;w mouths previous. It was 2,858 feet in length and constructed up . the Howe pUn. There were nineteen spans of irregular length, built upon boulders. With the exception of iron plates and ties, the only material used was seasoned white pine. Tho cost was $140,000. Tho bedway of tho bridge was sixty-five feet above mean water mark. Beneath the railroad track was a footway. . Col. Strong says ho can rebuild the bridge just as it was in less than two montes, should thc contract be again givon bim,