Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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BY E. B. MU?RAY & CO. ANDERSON, S. C., THURSDAY MORNING, JUNE 30, 1881. GEN. J025 JOHNSTON. Ho Diiciusos Mr. DavtV K?w Ito ok. Staff (despondent of Philadelphia Press. WASHINGTON, June 16. General Joe Johnston sat this after noon in Bis cory house in this oity, on Comee,tcnt avenue, near L street, seem ingly enjoying lifo ia bis quiet, dignified way, anil in good health and spirits. He dig not 'seem in the least disturbed afc Jeff. Davis' attacks upon him in his book or in recent newspaper interviews. From a military standpoint G?n?ral Johnston sacrificed more for the Confed eracy than any officer of the United States Army wno wont into the rebellion. He was a Brigadier-Genei-al and the Quartermaster-General of the United States Army, and the fact that he occu pied that position was, and is, the cause of much of Mr. Davis' malignant hostil ity to him. In I860. w'en tho then Quartermaster-General ?lied, General Scott wrote Mr. Buchanan a note, saying that ho might like to make uso of his knowledge of the officers of the army in thc selection of a Quartermaster-General. He submitted five names*to bim, includ ing Colonel Albert Sydney Johnston, Colonel Robert E. Lee, Colonel C. S. Smith, (a Philadelphian), Colonel Jo soph E. Johnston, and one other, whoso namo * do not now recall. The Cabinet selected Joseph E. Johnston. Mr. Davis, who WOB then Chairman of the Senate Committee on Military A fini ra, bad a hallucination that on account of his posi tion at tho ?ead of that committee he should regulate tho military appoint ments in the army. He wanted the Quartermaster-Generalship for his favor ite officer, Albert Sydney Johnston, and when Mr. Buchanan's administration selected Joseph E. Johnston instead he was greatly affronted, and never forgave General Johnston for having Recured tho Elace. The animosity thus held by Mr. lavis was noticeable in every act of his affecting General Johnston while the Confederacy lived. GENERAL JOHNSTON AT HOME. When I met General Johnston to-day ho was tastefully dressed in a suit of black, and looked every inch a soldier. Nono of his pictures I nave seen do him justice, for no has a strikingly kind yet firm expression, and his face is fringed with a gray beard, neatly trimmed, in stead of a mustache and goatee, as repre sented in the portraits. Ile has a pleas ant way in conversation, yet talks with care, and what he says is to the point. I recited to him the story in relation to tho Quartermaster-Generalship, which I had heard from a distinguished j?3ou th erner sours months ago. He corrobo rated the essential points I have gil en. I found in the course of conversation that he had not yet read Mr. Davis* book, but had seen extracts from it, which eat isfied him of its general tenor so far as it dealt with bis acts. "Tho trouble, vtitil Mr. Davis," said G?n?ral Johnston, "is that since the wai ho has lived in practical seclusion, sur rounded by a few people, whoso efforts have been directed solely to making him think he 1B a great man. They have succeeded, and be imagines that he shapes public opinion on any- subject he ehooses to declare himself upon. In hie own mind his decision and utterance set tles any question of fact or conjecture with which he deals. In his own estima tion, all men aro made or destroyed as bc wills." "I see Mr. Davis labors in his book tc show that he took a conspicuous part ic tho first battlo of Bull Bun." "So I have understood," replied thc Scat soldier ; "the facts are that Mr avis did not arrive upon tho field o battlo during that engagement... I re member distinctly that I wes sitting ot my horse looking in tho direction rf tin retreating enemy, intent upon his move meato aria gratified at tho result of tin day's fight, when I f?lt a horse's hea< against my knee. I turned, and as I dil BO, Mr. Davis' face was pushed close t< my ear, and in almost a whisper he said T.uw has the battle gone?' ^The enem aro beaten/ I replied, but it hardly need ed my statement to show him that, bc causo no enemy was ia sight, and no only myself, but the half dozen officer about me, gave no expression of anxietj but. rather ono of pleasure' Wo fe! much in tho condition of a man whoa feet had been for six boors in a steel tra . and were suddenly loosed." "Mr. Davis conveys tho impression i his book that you should have gone int Washington." "So I have hoard; but many of Mi Pavia' statements I find aro a tissue of ic consistencies and contradictions. In th first placo, if Mr. Davis took a 'conspic uoua part'in tho battlo of Bull Run, fa was the commander-in-chief of the arm aa President of the Confederacy, an should have taken the responsibility < ordering the advance upon Wasbingtoi , Mr. Davis knew, if he knew anythin about tho situation, that after that batt ended in our success the army was in r. condition for an advance movomen The men were naturally demoralizer] they thought the war was onded apd-tht the permanent success bf their cause wi assured; With that, spirit--and tho. men had borne the brunt of the fir battle of tho war--tho talk of capturic Washington waa simply ridiculous. B sides, Mr. Davis seems to forget tho mi of watereonrso-to havo-been-crossed I _1_ .1_ _ ?_??-1 ~~ J .1.? C-i- l.~ -1 loauu tjuo nuu tua .w.w VJ W ?* atroyed before even tho Potomac w reached. My judgment Is that tl thought of marching upon Washingto after the victory at Manassas, was s afterthought. However, I assume tl responsibility, whatever there is, beean at) Rall - Run I was in command of tl army and exercised my best judgment to whatfahonld be done, and as ?! Davis, over his own signature, says th I was tho ranking officer at that time, also disposes of tho story that I had y iel ed the command to General B*surega and that he fought tho battle.'' "Did you ever have any persona\ co trovorsy with Mr. Davie which wou , account for the animosity which be It over evinced toward yon ?" COULD NOT KEKP A 8ECBET. ' "a . ie in the world. I sometimes t against Mr. Davis' ideas in my plans a operations. For instance, while in 1 campaign at Manassas, after the battle Bull Run, ho had a very peculiar i rangement for furnishing supplies to f army. I had a very competent comm Bary officer, Colonel Lee, who thoroug! understood bia business, but ho t obliged io apply to tho general depot Richmond, and if the supplies were th inatructed?to buy the supplies where were, which was not always easy to ? and in the delay the mon oft-times ? hungry. I had s?me corresponde! with Mr. Davia on tho subject, but adhered to Hh original plan, Bnd fins I asked Colonel Lee to furnish me a . tailed statement of the supplies on hi . and their ccst, which-he cud, and in; next letter to Mr. Davis I transmitted with my deductions. Tho vcr; next? Colonel Lee was removed, and 1 bell V was never again employed in the sers X dar&g tharwa!?. ::'TnU:was Mr. Da I moth od of punishing me for my augj tion.5 in reference tc the care of my own troops. He hardly cared to remove met but Lee had to go to gratify hi? spite. "X notice, however, that he says that when Sherman was making his march to tho eon the Confederacy was in its death agonies, and yet I understand one of hil charges against me is that I did not pro? long the wrr by retreating end maneu vering after he himself acknowledge! I that the cause was in ito death agony, The point he makes about Stonewall Jackson's 'foot cavalry' was a very trite saying {n 1861, but the condition of that superb bony of mon was quite difieren! in '1864. They were badly shattered oven before Jackson died. His calling ms tho Fabius of the civil war, thus con trasting me with the famous Roman gen eral who won his victories by avoiding battles, is amusing. ? He forgets that Grant, with no larger force than Sher man bad, pushed Lee with c force equal to mine further in a month than Genera1 Sherman pushed me in two months anc a half of continued fighting. The dif ference between Grant and Sherman wa: that Sherman seemed to avoid fighting as much as possible, GO tv to save hi men, 'while Grant forced the fighting from the time he struck Lee. SHERMAN'S SUI'EIU) ARMY. "In many respects General Shermai had the strongest army. It was made uj mostly of men raised in the west anc used all their lives to firearms-meu whi were self-reliant,- end would fight withou officers almost. Tho heit soldiers do no come from tbe populous centers. Th man who has always relied upou himsel is fuller of resource than any other am safest in an emergency. This bold, self reliant force of Sherman's was officers by men of the same meattle. and, I be lieve, it is generally conceded that, tak ing it os a whole, Sherman's army wa oiiicc.ed all through with stronger me than Grant's. It was a superb army fo thc service it un ?-n-toorV' "Mr. Davis CLITICS that when yo took command of ino army of Tennesse he urged upon you au aggressive cam paigu, but that you utterly opposed tb plan of an invasion o. Tennessee." - "The history of that matter is a peet liar one. General Bragg was one ot M Davia' pets, and he had had command 1 tho. West cf a superb body of troops fe ; a long time without doing much moi with them than to stand and then retrci when the enemy gave battle. Look i tho march through Kentucky whci Bragg nearly reached tho banks of tl Ohio River and was within gunshot < Louisville and Lexington. Ho then n treated through the Cumberland Moui tains to Knoxville, and thence to Mu freesboro, where that terrific battle wt fought and his troops .beaten. Thc Chattanooga and then the undeciai* battle of Chicamnuga, which I regard i the bloodiest battlo of the war, ar thence to Dalton, covering a series disasters under ono leadership rare known in the history of war. "While this army was in Dalton, I r ccived an order from Mr. Davis to rene immediately at Dalton and relieve Ge eral Bragg' of the command ; that I would find - iustructions awaiting i 1 there. When I arrived I found instru : tions the most ludicrous I think ever st ' written .br a like purpose. They co sisted iu detailing the superb morale ai spirit of the forces of which I had talc i command. After reciting their chart ter. the/ concluded with the stateme that I \M taking command of os stro and effective a force as then represent tho Confederate Army in any quarti eta. The facts were that there were on about two thousand mounted efficic cavalry and about thirty-eight thousa: infantry, just- from the serious reverses have described and the terrible conti of Cbickamauga. I realized tho nee ti i ty of gathering c moro effective fui of cavalry and of augmenting and pi ting in. condition the infantry foi which bad so long marched to bat without an inspiriting victory befi making an aggressive campaign. 1 fear was that before this could be doi Sherman, who had 280,000 men un. his call, all of whom wero not, of cour at Chattanooga, but under his comma* would strike us at Dalton before my rangements were completed. "General Longstreet, with his cor although not with mo, was to reinfo tho shattered army I have describ But the absurdity of li. ; Davis' propc lion to invade Tenner .?ej, tho failure I appreciate which, being ene of his gt i anees, can bo seen by tho fact that to so General Longstreet would have march from ono point by a circuit route to the river, and I by another, t there form a junction, he having an ar on his flank, while I was to leave Si man's army on my-flank or rear i move with a wagon train forty m long. "After General Bragg had been lieved of this command, Mr. Davis t him to Richmond as one of his advis and gave him a position, unknown to law, of commander-in-chief of tho arm and it waa through Bragg that I rccei many of these suggestions os to tho c templated military maneuvres in Teni see, which Mr. Davis evidently thi wero brilliant. As I expected, Gen Sherman attacked me at Dalton befoi Could recruit tho cavalry and reinf the infantry, end then began tho runt fight to Atlanta, where 1 wt reliev ? BEFORE ATLANTA. "Mr. Davis in his book undertake prove that you were removed wail Atlanta because you would not give a positive answer as to whether would fight General Sherman there, quotes an interview with Ben Hill snow that you evaded his categoi question os to whothor or not you wi mako battle there." "Mr. Davis always kept a class of -about him for witnesses, and Ben waa one of tho most prominent of tl Judah P. Benjamin's duty was to ] his record straight. There is not a son who knows anything about A tl who does not know that it could 1 been held to this day against any I that could have boen sent against i so informed General Hood when I tu over the command to him, and det to bira my plan for then and there r< lng Sherman's attack. I bare nevei any doubt but that General Hood ? his impregnable position ot Atlanta went off into Tennessee from suggea made to him either directly or indir Iby Mr. Davis himself, and that he ii marily responsible for General H operations, which he characterizes 1 in such severe terms. I did not, ?sore, confide by telegram to Mr. Da I .nv ^m. Aim* m tr winna T <*U(J i ?Tasfo to do eo^/ Mr. Davis was com ly asking questions by telegraph, v would, have most certainly made cot property of the most important mi movements in advance ot execution. . did not eecm to have thc slightest ii the neor.vliy of secrecy. A CASE IN TO INT. "I remember dittlnctly that some after tho battle of Menasses Daris sent for me. He desired my ence in Richmond, he said? on m?tl < important and secret that he dare trust to the mail or telegraph. 1 - , -- and had a conference with him and the Cabinet, which 1 sated nearly all day, and when I finished I went to the hotel. Jost after walking into the corridor a Colonel of one of the regiments came up and said, 'General, these people say,' waving his hand toward tho crowd, 'that the Cabinet have been discussing with you all day the reasons for your fail', ro to capture Washington after the baale -if Bull Bun.' This early experience, per haps, illustrates the loasoo why I did not always so promptly disclose to Mr. Davis by telegraph my plans, as be seems to have desired." "Mr. Davis says in his book that your answer to his telegram whether you would surrender Atlanta without a fight was not only evasive, but indicated the contingency of the "?irrender of Atkin i on the ground that tue. Governor of t! o State had not furnished, as expected, sufficient State troops to defend thc city while the army was giving battlo out? aide" "This is absurd and utterly w th out truth. I never bad any intention of sur rendering Atlanta without a fish'., as all my statements to General Hood will s' ow." IN THE LABT DITCH. "When wen? you called to the com mand of the army of which you wero relieved again?" "Not until tho war was 'rtually over .and after Columbia, South Carolina, bad been captured," "Mr. Davis claims that you did not, after again assuming command of tho army, retreat to some portion of the South, gathering reinforcements as you progressed and making a stand some where in tho Soutl weat, and thus pro long the war." General Johnston Bcemed very much nm used at this proposition, and said with much spirit : "That is ridiculous. The idea of falling back through tho country to Texas is absurd. The war was really ' ended before General Grant compelled thc surrender of General Lee, and tbero was nothing left for as but to accept the best terms that we could get. Mr. Davis was not in a position to understand or appreciate the situation. I v> au satisfied that the war was virtually ended when Hood vacated Atlanta and was afterward destroyed near Nashville. THE SURRENDER. "When I took command of tho army after ,Columbia foll all that was to be dono was to confer with General Sher I man upon some military basis of peace that would be equitable to both contend ing forces. It was not alone the surren der of the army, but tho basia of peace that waa most important." "Where did you first meet General Sherman to treat for peace ?" "About twenty-five miles west of Bai eigh, North Carolina. Wo were alone. . in a little room in a wretched hovel when we talked over the bosiB of surren der. I never shall forget that meeting Before we proceeded tb the discussion o: the terms of capitulation General Sher mau handed me a dispatch from Mr Stanton, then Secretary*of War, Binti ut that Mr. Lincoln had neon assassinated I was greatly shocked at the announce ment, as was General Sherman, for i seemed to us both to bear with great- fore upon the important events that called h aad I together. General Sherman a that time told me that he had beea collei to City Poiat not many days before t confer with Mr. Lincoln upon the verm of surrender which sbonld be offered t me." CHU TALK WAG FULL AND FREE. ""The basis of surrender and poac which were agreed upon between Genere Sherman and myself at tho time wer such that General Sherman understoo Mr. Lincoln himself had suggested t him. The qutitioa how his death woul ttfleet them Wtfs discussed, and bot thought, as President Johnson re tai nc Mr. Lincoln's Cablsnh. ihat it wo?'.! carry ont Mr. Lincoln's plana .or m surrender, os stated by Mr. Lincoln bin self." _ STATS TAXATION. How can Revenue be Most Easily and Equ tably Raised. Beaufort Crescent. There aro over 20,000,000 acres of lan in South Carolina, and a tax of Lve cen an acre would yield a million of dollar about tho figure 01 tho taxes require There are. those who say that taxatic can easily drivo capital and skilled lab< > out of tho country, but it cannot drh the lands away ; they cannot move or i moved, or, what is more to tho pnrpos be secreted ; that if this S t ato should pi itself forward as tho fir-it State in tl 1 World that had freed capital and lab from taxation, such an influx of the ' movablo and prime elements of weal '? would take place that a great tidal wa i of prosperity r.'ould flow over oar it 1 movable lands and multiply their valu i Every sensible man would do his ntmc to make every acre of land he held pi ductive; all that was not would be ' much space cleared for immigrants, wi 1 would DO scared away from very fi : acres in South Carolina by a rental ? five cents or even of twen?y-fivo cen ' I Paying a fixed tax by the quantity ai [ hot by the quality of tho land, ove improvement to it would be a clear prc ns far as taxes aro concerned. How i nil ibis, or any of it, wouid be realiz k in practice it ia not intended to disci ' here, but to say by this means, if by other, at least what was being do i would be known, the taxable propel ? would be set down to a matbomatii ? certainty, there wonld be no questlc i of values and no misstatements ss them would bo possible. One man. c township, or ono county could take I advantages of another. The above is from a correspondent j the Aiken Journal and Review and p . Eents a suggestion which if followed e if only in part, would add greatly to certainty of the revenue to be dori' j from taxation and wonld save great ? justice to the taxpayers of certain coi ? tle9. Take Beaufort, for instance ; wi I ID some of tho counties tho propoitioi Eepple to the number of houses rctun I 87, that of Beaufort is 121 Will BC \ of our esteemed contemporaries who h i tc hold their noses when even talk ' about the "Black County," let go of tl I olfactory organs for a moment and t ? a snnff at these figures? What do t mean? Why simply that while counties that aro depended on to < tinue to the State a pur? government shirking the payment of their just os? I mtots. Door CafTy a?.T ?r? 5^ * Vwcur."" That some change "Is nee thcro is no doubt, bot the question is j of such importance that wo refrain i any positive opinion until the mattet ' been, moro generally discussed. In e meantime we would suggest as a wo subject, for ;the summer campaign consideration and dlscpasion bf tfrts ject by the State Presa. The qoestic e one of vital importance and is not . opon which our fiery friends can bec ' angry. a -. 1 t --> Beware of him who hates thc li t Of a child or children. THE TRIAI. OF COL, E. ?. C. CASH, KvlUence for the Stat? Sumo *) ?a Pr?vi ona Trini. Social Dispatch to the New? and Courter. DARLINGTON, June 21. The Cash case was called at 9 o'clock tO'day. The State and defence were both leady, and at 0.80 a. m. tho indict ment for murder was read. Gol. Cash pleaded not guilty, and the jury waa im panelled in about 20 minutes, all white, and only one put on his voir dire. The jury are: E. M. ?riffin, Foreman: JoL .. W. Terry. J. J. McCown, W. 8. Campbell, O. H. Jones, C. A. Brown, N. L. Har rell, M. B. Timmons, J. W. Honklo, a IT. Parrott. G. H. Carriway, J. A. Young. At tue request sf tho Judge and by consent of tho parties F. E. Normant was appointed stenographer to take donn the testimony. The witneaaea for theStato were Jenn O. Durant, S. M. Harrell, 8. M. Cross?" ll, W. W. Stuckey: and Dr. H. a. Lee, whose testimony waa substantially tho samo as on the pr?vit ous trial The defence put np Hr. John M. Can t^y who had been subpoenaed by their. In reply to question? ho stated that Col. Shannon sent tho challenge, but he had no conversations with the deceased on tho subject. Did not know of any prop-? osition for a compromise by Shannon. Would have known if there had been. Witness was certain that no friend of Shannon made such a proposition. The defendant, Co). Cash, then went on the stand and, being sworn, raid: I did make the remark attributed to ino about tho Pee-Dco man. but hot in the spirit attributed. I bad not Blopt much tue night before, and the remark was in reply to my friend with roference to my nervousness. No proposition of compro miso was made to mo. The testimony to that effect was false. Col. Cash then ..'lated that ho had been grossly misrep resented by the publio and the preas at the timo of tho duel, and ho desired to make a full statement to the jury, which ho wanted tho public to hear BO os to hear his side. The beginning of the diuiculty aroao from tho imputation of fraud cast upon Mm. Cash in tho Eller bo-WioDgea case, which hos already been placed before the public. He Baid pre vious to this there had espied the kind est feeling and beat relations between Col. Shannon and himself. Ho then pro ceeded to read tho whole correspondence between Col. Shannon and himself, which ho read from tho News and Courier, plating in anawer to a question by tho solicitor that the copies, wero correct, except in come unimportant points, which he corrected as he read. After tho case waa tried in Camden and from Judge Kerabatf's decree I plainly saw that fraud was charged, ana that Mrs. Cash's attorney and Judge Kershaw understood that fraud waa charged. I determined to get redress. I went over to Kershaw and, tho DePasa difficulty arose. Co!. Shannon uaving refused to fight Ellerbo I could not challenge him. My son wroto an offensive piece about Sh ?ni no u on the back of Ellerbe's circu lar and t?nt one to Shannon. My son did not believe half what he wrote, but did it to aggravate Shannon in revenge for the insult to his mother. My eon u of ago and not under my control, and J had nothing to do with the circulai written by him. During the first corres pondence my wifo was living ; she dice tn April. My wife felt that a stigma hat] been cast on her name. I had Mrs Cash's picture on the field. I neve: fought a duel before. I fought with Col Shannon and he fell. I objected U fighting in the State, but Col. Shannoi was unwilling to go out of the State. J had nothing to do with my eon's lette; to Shannon, but would not have beaita ted to write it if it had been my taste, a I desired to get revenge. I wanted ti fight Shannon on accout.of the charge o fraud. The conversation on tho fielt passed between my son, Ellerbo and roy self, and could not havo been heard b; any ono. They came to bid me good bye, and Ellerbo said : "Bemember, tb dislauco ia long taw." Bogan said "Bemember our poor mother." I re plied : "If Col. Shannon does notdiaabl me, I will aend my bullet through hi heart." This closed tho defence. Mr. Watta opened for tho defence, am was followed by Mr. Prince. Aller b< had finished the court adjourned fo dinner. After dinner thc court. waa called a 8.80 p. m. Mr. Dargan, for the State, asid that h appeared in his official duty for tho Statt and that he addressed the jury in the) official capacity. He made an eloquon statement to tho jury of their duties, no to bo Influenced by fear, prejudice c favor. Tho defendant must not b known BB Col. Cash. He was no bette nor worse than tho humblestrcitiren c tho land. Tho solo question ia : Hs the law been violated ? Ta ho.guilty t murder? If ho is, it ia your duty to sn BO. You aro uot to look at tho resul of your verdict. Tbe judgo under tl law decides that. If you believe bli guilty of murder and acquit aim you ai ?guilty of perjury. Has the law been vii ated? The solicitor read the law o murder. Ho called especial attention i tho malice expressed which is done in duel. The law draws no dlstinctic b?t?css tbs Her-is-wsit- and thsduslin If that is tho law ia not the d?fendu guilty of fha killing of tho accused, tu ta admitted by tho defence? Ho w very explicit on the subject of malice 1 various examples and cases, and showi that Col. Cash bad openly expressed mt ico on the field. The difficulty aro because Col. Shannon in tho dischar of bia ll'imt duty atteninte.-l to set aside verdict Tn favor of Mm.-Cash, on t score of-lcgal frand. Here he explain tho difference between legal fraud and moral fraud. Col. Shannon in his lott explicitly stated that ho had used t term fraud only in its legal ?ense. Bi after Judge Korahaw's decreo chow that fraud had been charged, Col. Ca* without waiting to examine careful forthwith writes an insulting letter to C Shannon charging bim with lying, i It raak? no diff?rence what course ) been pursued in r?f?ren?a to other du is ta ; it is your duty to act on thia o according to tho evidence and yonr oa Your duty cannot bo dodged by pie lng that others have done the came. '. then reviewed the conduct of Col. Ci in the natter, Blowing that be know t coMequencea and.'openly, violated law. Ho charged tho jurors again their duties, that in?? TT?~ bcusi take the law' cn the . f?cts!. Tho vere in thia cas;e will affect our posterity, frill carry ita influence for good or o .?cordim: to your verdict. T? you not guilty, there will be mr>,sy more a easca tried. If dueling is murder wh will you find a plainer case? "THE JITIWE'B CHAnqE. The Judge, in charging tho jury, er "Mr. Foreman and gentleman of jury, I would gladly have cacapod trial, being an inexperienced ?udgo, I would have thought myself unwo: if I had tried in any manner to esa It hi a great responsibility to sit cn life of a human being, but it is our I sworn duty to discharge it according to our best ability. It is well you are not required to iudge of the law. The Con stitution decides thia. Io only one case are you the judges of the law. aod that is in an indictment for libel, in all other caecB the Judge declares tho law. Thir teen years ago a judge world have been allowed to comment on tho fact !, but he cannot do it now. He can only State the Law. This ia right, for if tho .judges err the Court of Errors will correct them, and tho prisoner bas the rlsdit to go there. Tho crime charged h eic in mur der. Murder is defined in our statutes, and tho definition hos been stated to you. Malice is that which differentiates mur der from other crimes. Expresa malice and implied malice are well-defined and cannot be mistaken. Do you find from the testimony in tho case any evidence of expressed malice ? That ls a question for you to decide. Was there a formed design of the prisoner to take the lifo of the deceased? Tho killing is admitted. The whole circumstances Eave been de tailed to you. The prisoner himself hoi made his statement lc you, and no one has denied it. The Statutes declaro that ali lb-- common law of England, not in consistent with the Statutes and the Constitution is in forco in South Caroli na. It has boon argued that because the law bas been allowed to sloop, it has no force. This is not so. The law is in force and has never been abrogated. It has been testified that this duel was fair. If it is meant to urgo that es a matter of self-defence, I char-go you as matter of law that self-defence rs no plea where one hos a purpose. The offence cannot be condoned, because Mr. Shannon par ticipated in it. Each man must answer for his own acts. If the case had been reversed tho deceased would now bo at the bar to answer for the violation of tho law.. You bavo nothing to do with Ex ecutive clemency. Discard from your minds this consideration. Mercy docs not belong hero. Tho Executivo alone bas that power. Juries may do it, but if you do it you do wrong. If voa find the defendant guilty, say so. If you find him not guilty, say so and no more. The distinction drawn by tho solicitor as to legal and moral fraud was correct. The Constitution plainly declares the law on dueling, ana is supplemented by the Acts of 1870 and 1880 and declares killing in a duel murder and death the penalty. After reading tho testimony and charg ing tho jury again on their duty, the iury retired at ?.1G . p. m. They will probably bo out all night. D. D. E. Immigrants In the Up?Country. The effort of tho bureau is to procure a good working class in familieq so as to mako them as contented and happy as possible. They aro acting alike for tho good of immigrant nnd the employer. Among the number they introduce there will doubtless be some who will soon be come discontented, inefficient and worth less, but many of them will become use ful citizens. In the number brought to this county a few years ago, many be came discontented and began to wander as soon as tho sun became not, yet many of them are still here, useful and thrifty. We think they have proved a succeBa with Col. Crayton in Anderson. We know one who ls now leasing one of the finest farms upon the Saluda, in thia county, and is managing a number of colored men. We know another place just across the Salada where aa employer has had three for six or eight years ; thor are iadustrious, thrifty and doing well. We merely mention these cases that chance to como within our knowledge. Without direct knowledge, we under stand that the number received by Dr. Robinson. Pratt and the McGhees and others this yea*1 are giving entire satis faction. Col. Puykin'a system of intro ducing them, it seems to us, will be far more satisfactory thau heretofore ; he re quires the parties receiving thom to bo well prepared to tako care of them ; he has them furnished with comfortable transportation and a comfortable recep tion on their arrival in Columbia; he is bringing them in families and as well os he cati, arid is'settling several families itt the same neighborhood. Wo know sev eral who are succeeding in tho cultiva- ' tion of cotton, though wo aro hardly ye% prepared to believe that they will make OB efficient laborers for the cultivation of the fleecy staple as tho colored man ; but wo have other branches of labor in which ho will doubtless be superior. His in troduction w?ll serve many good purpo ses; he will supply labor to those who ! are without it; ho will make the negro ' a more efficient laborer by inciting a ; healthy rivalry. He will intermarry ? wi tit our own race, and thus become a port of our country. His introduction ; may be the means of giving the white race a numerical majority, or at least of , teaching the colored man that work and not politics is his first dnty to his coun try. We are not ono of those who would ' like to see the negro leave this State ; but it his political race-hatred is to be ooo- ; tinned, if ho will not act in political con cert with the white man. the sooner many leave tho better it will be for both race?. , -Saluda Argus. Let Us Ilaro Sunflowers. As the spring is rapidly advancing-, | and plans for vegetables and flowers for the coming summer are discussed in va rious households, allow me to present a ?dea for tbe old-fashioned sunflowers, hat thoy may find.a place around every home. I do not think they are beautiful liko many more delicate blossoms, but still (like homely persons) they aro very good. In the first place, they ere the most important diainicctants, they absorb gases that arise from drains, water-closets and other places, either around the house or barn ; uud I havo yet to learn of a homo where sunflowers grow profusely around the kitchen or barnyard that was afflicted with malarial fevers. The more foul matter thev absorb, the more rank they grow, .ana they require very little care and timo in their cultivation. Just mellow up the earth a few inches below the surface and scatter the seeds, cover ing them so that the poultry will not scratch them np. This is all tho culti vation they need for weeks. As they stretch upward in their rapid growth they may neea a short stick set up to lie them to, so that the winds may not break thom over till they gain strength to suppori I When the flowers bloom they tarn their heads to the sun throughout the day, and at night fold their bright petals towards th.?) centre and drop their hoads, es if they were resting. I would cot fancy seeing them cultivated under the rurlor windows or at the front porch, but do like tc see them spread their broad leave;: over ?lon holes, and drains, or screen the barnyard fenco from view, gathering their nourishment from the miasmatic vapors that poison the air. Country Gentleman. : ;-:-;. - . '"?"??? -r ,?r~.Hoops.are.being worn by the wo? men; At present they are quite ? small j but the warm July weather will make them expand. ?, Tho Cuitare of Tobacco, From the Keowee Courter. Tobacco growing, wherever it bas been properly followed, has never failed to yield a large profit to the farmer and to ?roduco general wealth nud development, n an artic!o to med me back we showed from statistics compiled by the United States Department of Agriculture that tho average yield per acre in those States whero tobacco was grown varied from $30 to $100 in valpe, an<* further that from the character of our soil and climate, aa well aa from experimenta on a small scale, we could in this county count with certainty on an average return from to bacco culture of $40 tc $60 per acre. Bcaldeo, lu growth doea not conflict mn tonally with other staples planted hero, and ita best y-J?' can generally bo real ized from fresh lands, which planted in cern or cotton da not prc re remunerative. We do oct say that any one crop should bo grown to tho exclusion ot others, bul surely a staple which commanda cash ai all times, yields a moro profitable return than cotton and ia well adapted to oui soil and cliuii'.'c, should not be neglected . Tho want of a good manufactory her? and the fear of getting into trouble will the revenue lawB have contributed large ly to divert the attention and labor o our people from tobacco. This difficult' need no longer be apprehended. Mr. ? A. Pendloy haa opened and put into ful operation the tobacco factory of Col. J J. Norton, which had been 8uepende( sometime, and is now buying leaf tobacci at the highest cash prices. He has en gaged in tho business Capt. Franco, ai experienced tobacconist, and ono who fo years bas made the curing and manufac turo of tobacco a specialty. In fact b is said fo have been, the moving spirit ii establishing tho tobacco industry m Bun combe county, North Carolina, com years ago, having managed auccesafull tho earliest factories put up at Asheville Under bia supervision here Mr. Pendle is Bending out some first quality of chow lng tobacco, end if our people will gro' tobacco for market they cannot only fin ready sale for it at good prices, but thc will derive profit to thcmaolvcs and in prove the valuo of iauds and the wcalt of our county. The subjoined article shows what i culture has done for Buncombe counl in a short time, not only in annual ii come in money, but in tho increase value of landa and tho comfort and pn gress of tho people of that county. \V have equal if not superior facilities I market, aa good landa and a climate i suitable for the profitable growth of th staple. All that haa been accomplish* In Buncombe county cnn be here nu oven more, for tho beneficial results i tobacco culture there are yet in their ii fancy. We commond to our readers a carcfi perusal of the following article take from the Greenville, East TenneBse Democrat, and hope they will give tl culturo of tobacco a fair trial, feeling a Bured it will redound to their interest "Buncombe, North Carolina, ia a com ty of mountains piled on mountain Fifteen yearn ago all agricultural effort rude at the very beat, waa confined to tl rich covea ana narrow, fertile valley walled in between them. Generally, tl Seoplo lived in log huta and subsisted c eat hominy, razor backed hogs and pii top whiskey. There was little educatio little enterprise and general thriftier neaa. It is true that there were culturi and wenltby citizens in Buncombe, ni Asheville, though un Isolated and mom onous town, waa tho center of a goi deal of refinement and elegant taste ai opulence. Nevertheless, in the mai our st tic turcs on old Buncombe are tri: "But what a chango ia now presente* It ia no longer 'old' Buncombe, but pi greasive, stirring, wide awake hew Bu combe. In the last ten years oho h leaped forward a half century in elvi zation, refinement, prosperity and weall The farmers are moro enlightened a read more newspapers. Elegant re dencea have vakeu the place of barban hovels. The varied, lomantic, rugg landscapes have been beautified by t magie hand of educated taste and ci ture. Asheville is growing into a boo tiful, attractive city, pulsating with strong, healthy tide of buoyant lifo a ceaseless activity. The telegraph a tho railroad have brought her into cr. tact with the outside world. She I large stores, fine hotels, good newspape excellent schools, splendid church palatial r?sidences and enterpriaii moral, Christian population, and buain of all kinda is conducted on a grand a remunerativo scale. Every sumn Asheville ia entertaining from COO to ? visitors. Tba circulating medium ia n bapa $100 now where it'was only $1 I years ago. What magio has wrouj thiB marvellous transformation ? A wi of three syllabics will answer thia quoi Tobacco. If our inelegancy of oxpi sion ia excusable, the wholo populat of Buncombe 'haa gone ravin distract DU the tobacco question, and the ai increasing every year, planted in weed, approachea the wonderful. 'J barren mountain aides produce per a twenty, thirty and forty dellars worth tobacco. Ten years ago these steep, r ?;ed declivities, conld bo purchased rom twenty cents to one dollar ; i they aell readily at from thirty to 1 dollars. There are four thoroug equipned tobacco factories in Anhnv each*doing business eu a large scale a large capital. Its tobacco mark? visited by huyera from all over the cc try. ' The tobacco raised in Buncomb of excellent quality.- Hundreds of tl sands of dollars are invested in its unction and manufacture. There ie abundance of money in the commur and 'cash down' is the motto and rut every trade. Men of very limited mi a few years ago are amassing ample tunes, apd for everybody who will i there ia a bright future. "Right here ia a ?caaon that Gr county can learn, an example thal can follow with profit. She baa I dreda, yes, thousands of acres in e respect similar to the valuable tob lauda of Buncombe. Her wild, ru mountains and hillsides, if cultivate tho Buncombe plan, would yield t revenue at least ten times larger tba: der'.Tca from her present staple c There is not an acre of her broad do: unless it be too steep or rocky for < vation, but what will produce a ehanUble article of tobacco. A deal of her lands will bring the article. We venture tho assertion her untitled lands, that grow nothln ui??tn ?u? Dt**Ktt-t;ratjo from year io if planted in tobacco, woola yield revenue than any one year/a wheat that has been harvested >.inco the Tobacco Ia never a drug In tho m lt will go at Boroo price, and that v4U be cash. Ita consumption inc with tho increase of population. J become the leadingjiixury of c\\ add refined life. The cry eftta riousncaa only begets>a desire rad minatioo to consumo moro of it, in moro constant demand than liqti I calablo as the primo necessities of ! "Our advice to the farmers of ( county ia to go into tobacco raising I large scale. Wo know it will pay. say that it no longer paya to raise ?beat, corn and hogs. Then you cannot lose anything by trying something else. To bacco will pay ; thc exp?rimenta of your neighbors across tho State line have do? raonstrated that fact The extraordinary profitableness of the crop will enable you to redeem your lands tortured into pov erty. You have every facility for trans portation to market, .or you can build your own warehouses in Greenville oud the buyers will seek you, or, better still, if yoe will raise the' tobacco, shrewd, sagacious capitalists will build np facto ries right iu your own midst. Greene county nos the opportunity to got up out Of the dust and tubes. . She has the chanco to get herself out of tho worn groove of farming on tbe old fogy plan and to enter upon a broad, smooth high way to prosperity and wealth, ff rho will only do il, Greene cac far surpass new Buncombe, and Greensville can leave Asheville in tho remoto distance. Will Uiia be done?" Thirty-five Persons Dangerously Fol?! soned at a P?enlo In Georgia. The Atlanta Constitution of the 22nd instant contains the following: "Decatur is excited over what carno 11 near hoing a sad catastrophe. "Tuesday the Decatur Union Sunday school, tho oldest in the State, celebrated its 60th anuiversary in a picnic to Kirk patrick's springs, to which almost tbe entire villago and n largo number of ?sople from the country turned out. bo morning was passed in the pleas ures usual to such occasions, ana soon afternoon a rich repast was spread under 1 { the shade and everybody prepared for a 11 glorious dinner in tho woods. Among tbe many luxuries which graced the cloth was a huge chicken salad prepared by a.lady famous for her skill in culinary art. This was perhaps tho most popular dish in the whole lot, and there was a continual passing of plates to partake of ita rich contents. Ono young man noted for his politeness helped fifteen persons to the salad.' It was complimented on all hands. So popular was it, that soon nearly all of tho well mixod, highly seasoned salad had disappeared. The dinner was fiuiahed and tho sports of thc day were renowed. About two hours after dinner, ono or two personB cora ?rinined of sickness. Then others pro eased to feel tho same Way. The num ber of tho affected soon became so large that the hitherto gay picnic party as sumed a sad aspect, and serious appro heusions were felt. It was not long beforo thirty-five ladies, gentlemen and children were suffering from a fearful nausea which nearly threw some of them into convulsions. There were doctors in tbe party who lent xii possible aid to tho sick folks, but seemed to relieve them very little. The symptoms of tho suffer ing soon showed that they had beef! Soisoned, and the delicious salad was iscovered to bo tho causo of distress. Some of its ingredients had beon pre pared in a brasa kettle, and thcro wero thirty-five people in danger of death from eating it. "Tho picnic was burriodly broken up: tl" Bick wera placed in conveyances and carried as fast as could bo to Decatur. What carno out so festivo a party went back a solemn procession.' "All the medical sid of Decatur was called Ost.- Thc doctors worked faith fully all night long, and had the satis faction of seeing every ono of their j patients safe yesterday, though some of them made very narrow escapes. The victims wore from among tbe very best people of DeKalb county. "All the friends of tim poisoned par ties feel that they were fortun.--.lti in escaping, though sorao of them suffered horribly all Tuesday night, and many of them are not yet well. The good lady who brought the salad waa in great dis tress, but now must feel quite relieved. "One of the gentlemen who partook of tho dangerous dish was in A?anta yes terday. He saya ho never know before what it was to bo sick, and that the suf ferings endured by him and hia fellow victims aro beyond tho comprehension of those who have escaped such acci dents. The sickest of the sick were the children, and it is a fortunate thing that few of toe children at tho picnic ate of the salad. It was a fearful danger through which the good people of Decatur passed, and we congratulate them on their escape from the worst that might have hap pened." A Noyr Declaration of Independence. When, in the.course of human events, ? it becomes necessary for ono sex tb dis- t eolvo the forced and disagreeable uanda J which have connected them with anoth- ? er, and to assume the rank and station to f which they nspire in the grand arena cf 1 lifc,.a decent respect for tue opinions of r mankind requires that they should givo to the world a piece or two of their mind. j Wo hold these truths to bo self-evi- ' dent : tbat'all men aro, by nature, equal j amongst themselves, but far inferior to J woman ; that by continuous practice for 1 nearly six thousand yearn they have bur- * dened and oppressed the opposite sex; " that they uro in tho main, and some of ; them ia particular, conceited, and arro* - gant and presumptuous ; that they have ! indulged in their petty tyrannies until j forbearance ceases to be a virtufej ' Fri??cnco would dictate that a government long established should not be thrown off without sufficient cause ; but when a j long train of abusca and usurpations and 1 downright meanness, evinces a Bottled 1 and fixed purpose on the part of monto 1 reduce women tc <i elate of abject obed!- ?" euee, it then becomes the inalienable ' right of the oppressed to rise ip . tho { strength of their womanhood and assert the superiority to which they are so just- ( ly entitled by nature. To prove this ,-. let facts be submitted to a candid world. ( I They, the aforesaid men,, have refused assent to our government, so wholesome and necessary for their good. . They have persistently refused to yield to us tue "last word," so dear to every oncofuB. They insist on the utmost stolidity when we aro delivering in dramatic style, little private conversations known ns "Caadlo lectures." They heap insult on us by calling us "old maids/' if we assert our rights and refuse to wm a matrimonial alliance with any of them., They become perfect nuisances when they find buttons wanted, or . garments not fitting with matical nicoly. Tho make bears of themselves when the' bread is overdono, or the coffee too hot or cold. They meanly refuse new bonnets and shawls, wheu they know our hearts are set on thom. They admiro strango and unkuown women too much, while we at home are considered nobodies. .They are, in the main, fools. ? We, therefore, declare oorselves free of all allegiance heretofore forced from us. nod demand a new adjustment of the relations between the sexes : and, to. se cure tho same, wo rely implicitly on our tongues and tears, -. Pay your subscription. ?*..*y ATA. "XSKJ. Ol. Kew? and Gossip, - A Breckenridge, Kentucky, mulo colchas c<ght leys. - The^artesisn^wellCat^Galvoston, Texas, is 700 feet deep. Ninety-two pound turtles are picked up anywhere cn St. Augustine besch, Florida. - Three, thojsand .dollars worth of i^eep wore killed in Angosta county, Va., last year by doge. -> The aurala* revenues ai the 'cov ernmeu. ."or she decal yeaCendlna June 30 will be $100,030,000. ; .; - The idle should hot bo?Ioiawed among the living; they arc asort./dead men that can't be burled. - Texas crop estimates".give eightoeu bushels of wheal to the acre, and a belter quality than for twelve years. - David Westfield, of Ohio^'.ouuty, Kentucky, 62 years or ugo, '.has 19 chil dren. 81 grandchildren, 12 great-grand? chitaron and 16 sons-in-law. - An invalid wife in Sa van Mb waited tho other day for the hat time in 10 years. She walked far enough to catch her hus band kissing the nureo, and the shock completely cured her rheumntiz. - Every mah ought to strivo to dr: # lessons from what ne sees and hear?. Like tho b> J gathering honey from Ibo flowers, wo should gather wisdom to all which the ?mind.can light on. - This world la so larr?c, so full of ;ood things, and there are to many ave nues lo prosperity for every man to walk in, that no excuse can be given for being envious of another's success. - Now, honestly, do you believe the report that Sarah Bernhardt studied the iir and expression of half-crazed women jy going to a millinery atoro and watch ng them try to aelcct a bonnet?-Boston Pott - Secretary Robert Lincoln baa three \ ?hilaron, the second being aneight-year >ld eon named "Abraham," who tides a dcyclo libe-a professional with the sons >f President Garfield and Attorney-Gen. VIcVeagb. - A Chinese merchant,'fcalluding to lie uso of opium by bia. countrymen., aid : "The Chinese will get it if (t'a on op of the earth. You might aa well try o atop your nation - from smoking cigars >r drinking liquor." - Agents succeed beat in Bolling tho revised New Testament in ci tier , In the :ountry it is 8aid that there are hardly my Bales, as any alteration of tho sacred jock ia regarded as an awful profanation. The pious women of Welten, Ia., chased m agent out of town. - Mr. Conkiiug said to a friend that ;ho question of bis ro-eicctton will soon JO decided, because the developments ?vhich are to come in tho bribery case will either cause the "Half-breeds" to rote for the "Stalwarts" or Beek an ad ournment.- - V. Y. World. - In digfeiug n well in Brazil at con liderablo'depth tho workmen stmckeome lonee, which proved. to be tho skeleton >f a man who must have been eight feet all. The singular thing about it ia that he donall spino was prolonged about wenty, inches, which bringa Darwin to he front again on the tail qseation; - The New Orleans Democrat thinka bia year's cotlou crop will hot equal that if laat ccaaon ; but it will not be less - 'rom any fault of the planters, It con cludes that tho "Southern Statea will nake a very largo crop of cotton (having o purchase the usual $200,000,000 worth >f supplies), and next winter the rail -oada" and ateambpate-why not the ; jargea alao?-will groan under tho vost . veight of our six millions or so of bales .n route to market. ^~ "I guess I'll have to hire r clerk," aid a Galveston merchant, by the name >f Merritt, to bia friend Chrysler. "I tm glad to see tbat the business boom ios. struck you," responded Chrysler. It isn't that," replied the merchant 'but. you sea 1 am very popular, and .1 tm asked by my friends to step across he street and take a drink almost every nlnuto in the day, and aa I harcn*t nuy- . jody to leave in thc atore I have lo dc dine.' Ten dollars a day won't cover vhat I have lost by not having a clerk." Til tell you what PU do," salden ryaler, irightenlng up ; "biro meas your clerk, ' ind send mo across the atreot to drink vi th your friends, and I won't charge ron a cent for my clerical services. ' Th? ' inplication of Cbryalov waa put on file dong with th oao of ; a nu cabar of other eadmg citizens who had applied dready. |;.??.The New York Herald shows that ho cereal growth of tho United States, n tho past decade, .waa nearly ono hnn Ired per cent. The yield of wheat atone ias advanced from 287,000,000 to 459, 100,000 buaheis, a gain of 73 per cent., visile the product of Indian corn has iprung from 760,000,000 to 1,772,000,000 mab els, an inereise of 133 per cent, rho enormous productive capacity of he great West and Northwest Ia shown >y the fact that sovon-tcntha of the en ire 'Meat crop of the United Statesis -own in tbs States of Illinois, lud?sun, Jhio, Michigan, Minnesota. Iowa, Cali !brnia and Wisconsin, white the three States, Illintua, Iowa and Missouri to other produced In 1879-the year cov jred by the census returns-upward of jlght hundred million burilda of corn, ir more than tho yield of the entire jountry in 1869. - The Detroit Post aaya that a circua :lown in Virginia took occasion the other lay, at tho closo of tho performance, to jpeak plain and very searching word:-, which deserve the sober attention of many more than those who heard them. Tn his painted face and mottled garments be aaid: "We have taken in olx hundred dollara here to day ; moro money^Iven ture to say, than any minister of the gospel would rcccko for a whole ycart services. A large portion of this money waa given by church members, and a large portion of thia audience ia made up of members of the church. Aud Vet, when your preacher asks yo? to aid clo. in supporting tho gospel, you ara too poor to give anything. But you come here -i--- --T.:.T.T,t^mA:-a WY 'VIII mow, ?in* jv? JWUTOJ?!^.- ~, ??L,??? But perhapd you aay you did no. <*&??i ace tho circus, hut tho nntmais. H. W camp simply to aee the animals, why W you not sfn/ply look at them sadleavo. Kow, la nc-t this a pretty place for?hr? liana to bc In ? Do you not feol fffi&f of yourselves? You oufcht Such a placo as this," colored. ^li^"ffiil5S5s toi. Monday , jr., nnw^Udor^vebimwior^ tho purpose of cutting io? "jHft-?i?, ole/ lm^ls^. ?g^S oWerof'jrm. Tho doctors rmvebad ?omadlaeaaeof tbahfert