Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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BY E. B. MURRAY & CO. ANDERSON, S. C., THURSDAY MORNING, MAY 5, 188L VOIJTME YVT ...i?n Ao Prohibition. Mit. EDITOK : I notice in your issue of the 21st ult. a communication over tho signature of W. W. Brown on the sub ject of thc State's right to prohibit tho sale of liquor. I disagree with my young friend, and while I boast no abili ty to measure swords with him, I will offer the following for his consideration. Ho says : I. "Such a law transcends thc true aim and object of civil government." Is such the case ? I think not. Vattel says: "A State ia a society of men united together to promote their mutual safety and advantage by means of their union." He also saya : "It is necessary that there should be established a public -authority to order and direct what ought to be dono by each in relation to the end of the as sociation." And again : "It is evident from the very act of the civil or political association, that each citizen subjects himself to the authority of the entire body in everything that relatcB to tho common welfare." So wo see tho State has the right to pass any law that may tend to the common weal. But it is necessary to a proper under standing of thc subject that wo know what are the true ainiB of civil govern ment. They are, says Vattol-1st. To procure by united effort plenty. 2nd. To procure the happiness of tho citizens; and, 3d. To protect the subjects from external attacks. We will try to keep in view our object, viz. : To abow that the State has tho right to prohibit tho sale of liquor. Tho State has a right to poss any law that will attain the end or aims of civil government. 1st. To procure plenty. Tho State has the ?i?bt to prohibit any thing which takes from its citizens the necessaries of life. It takes corn, rye, time and labor to make liquor. Tho uso of it destroys the industry, talent, health and oven de stroys the citizens themselves, and there ( l by weakens the Stite itself. ~<v" 2nd. To procuro happiness. Ii is not enough to have plenty, for one may be rich and at the same time unhappy-yes, miserable. Can a man bo happy and at tho Bame time immoral ? Is not morality essential to happiness? ? The latter can not exiet without the former. Such is the language of Vattel. Now, if moral ity is essential to happiness, and it is the duty of the State to procure for its citi zens happiness, which "is the centre to which all the duties of a man and a peo ple tend, and is the powerful spring that puts all men in motion," has not the State the right to pass any law which will accomplish this object? While the State may not be able to makn "moral beings," it should try to improve tho morals of its citizens. 3rd. The third object or aim of civil government is to protect the citizens from external aduc?s. I will mention undor thin head tho capture of Troy. We have tried to show that the State ha: thc right to pasa any law that wiii accomplish the objects of government. Would Prohibition add anything to our wealth ? According to political economy every bushel of corn that ia made into whiskey and used to no benefit makes the State- that much the poorer. If by the uso of it time is .wasted, talent, health, industry, and even men are de stroyed, has not the State tho right to prohibit, as far os possible, this evil? Shall the State Btand back and say : "Thero is an evil, but we cau't reach it." No. Where there is a wrong there is a remedy. But that is not all. A temperate per son hos an advantage over an intemper ate person in the chances of life, which differ at different r-ges as follows: Agc. Temperate. Intemperate. 20 44.2 15.6 30 36.5 13.8 40 28.8 11.6 Tho average life of a drunkard is 35J years, 29 yearn less than that of a tem plate man. The loss to tho material wealth of a State in tho death of 100 drunkards is the valuo of 2,000 years' work ; and the aggregate number of years' work lost annually by premature doaths caused by intemperance io 1,127, 000. The. average, value of a laboring man's work is $500 per year. Multiply 1,127,000 by $500 and wo have $563,500, 000 as the annual loss to material wealth' from premature deaths caused by intem perance. The amount of capital annu ally employed to keep up lunatic asylums and like institutions is $50,000,000. Now, idiocy is universally regarded an an inherited weakness, but Dr. Carpen ter, an eminent physiologist, certifies that out of 850 idiots, which have coi .o under his observation, only one-fourth were children of idiotic parents, while 99 were the children of absoluto drunk ard?, tho remainder being of doubtful causes. Dr. Hitchcock, president of the Michigan State Board of Health, tells us that the number of idiots nt present in this country, who have been made idiots by intoL prance is 319,000, and that the annual number produced in this country by intemperance is 9,000. Now, is ho not bold, indeed, who, in tho face of these facts, denies that. the State has the right t>: prohibit an evil which mili tates so fatally against her material wel fare? Would Prohibition tend-to happiness f If so, the object of government is to pro cure for its citizens happiness. Sjjco happiness cannot exist without morality, the State bas a right to pass any law that will tend to improve tho morals of its cititons. For this purpose it has forbid den its citizens to pursue their callings on the Lord's Day. It has declared its subjects shall not have moro than ono living wife apiece at the same time. It hos foibidden its men and women from living together as man and wife without being lawfully married. Why aro these statutes found upon our books? Because tho evils they seok to remedy tend to corrupt tho public moral*. And yet my friend argues that tho State lins no right | to deal in tho morals of its citizens I I Let us pass to the second proposition. . II. "Such a law w violative of the right? of property." My friend states this maxim : "A man bas a right to do as hu chooses with his own," but with the reservation that "he ?hall not do aught with it detrimen lal to the common weal," but he lost sight of the reservatory clause. This maxim is as old as the law itself. But whilo a mau may use his property as he pleases, ho must not please to use it so OB to pre I judice the rights of others, or to the dot I riment of the common welfare, or sn ?ja j to corrupt thc public morals. It is the I duty of man to do every 'biog for his j fellow man that is in his power without ! loo much injury to himself. The State bas thc right to take the property of its citizens when the good of tue Stato re quires it. Pursuant to thin right they ' take a man's land, even against his will, ' to locate a railroad, giving him a just I compensation for it. It taxes the prop ! crty of its citizens for public school pur Soses, because it is to tue interest of tho tate that its citizens be ir'elligcnt and educated. Though a man hos no chil dren to educate, yet h?3 property is taxed to educate the children of others. Is this right? The statute declares the rato of inter est to be ?even per centum per annum. Is j this right? All of these laws have been j ventilated in the Supreme Court of this j State, aud, I might say, in nearly all of j the States, and have been declared law, and as such enforced by the executive I authority. Tho State of Maine has tried Prohibi lion, and the courts of that Stato have said it is law, arid as such it has beeu en forced. Ana now to say tho Stato has not the right to prohibit the snle of liquor is to say the Legislature of Maine has acted tyrannically in enacting such a law, the courts erred in declaring it law, and the executive authority committed a wroDg in enforcing it ns a law. The Supremo Court of New York sayB : "The Legislature has the power to abrogate licenses." That is, they may refuse to allow licenses, and thereby pro duce Prohibition. Village of Rome vs. Knox, 14 Howard's R. 277. The same Court declares that "Prohibition is con stitutional, and that the Legislature is the solo judge of thc necessity for such a law." The People vs. Quant, 12 How ard's R, 83. As I have stated, the State has thc right to pass any law that will accom plish tho aims of the government, or that tends to thc common treal. So il only remains for tho people to say whether Prohibition will aid in accom plishing tho aim of civil government, oi tend to promote the common weal. COLUMBUS WARDLAW. Disraeli and Westminster Abbey. "I will not be buried in Westmiustei Abbey, bccauBo they do bury fool there," was the blunt language in whicl honest Sir Godfrey Kncller refused t< make his last bed with royally. So. it less emphatic terms, but with no les distinctness, thc late Lord Beaconsfielt declined in advance the anticipated bon or of a tomb in Westminster Abbey, an? "desired and directed" that ho might b buried in the same vault, "in the church yard ut Hughenden, in which the rc mains of my late dear wife, Mary Ann Disraeli, created in her own right Via countess Beaconsfield, were placed." Hi choice, however, was not based upon tb ground on which the sturdy old painte ?o flatly declined tc repose tn thu odor c kingly greatness, for, os bas been wei said, ho must have recognized tho fae "that tho plebeians who lie there had wi and wisdom enough to compensate ic the uncongenial presence ot ten thot snnd princely blockheads." Consider! tions of nn altogether different and ter derer character appealed to his heart an led him to prefer a resting place "in tb churchyard at Hughenden" to the ?torie urn and monumental marble with whic Langland is accustomed to reward thot who have served her well or added to ht greatness and glory. Tho deep devotio of Lord Beaconsfield for Iiis wife accon panied him to the tomb, and his last ii structions contain a touch of natui which brings the whole world in kinshi and sympathy about his grave. Aft' all, it would seem that even ambitio tho master passion of such lives as Di reeli's, flees away nt the approach of tl "inexorable democrat," death, and th those men who havo moved the wor prefer for their last slumbers nomo sp hallowed by affection or association all tho pomp and glory of a loftier ai prouder sepulture. Since the time when Edwaid the Co fessor founded to tho honor of his patn saint tho "Collegiate Church or Abbey St. Peter," thc flower of British man hoi and intellect have been accustomed find their way to tho silent but eloque aristocracy of genius and worth whi has slowly been gathering within t precincts of this temple of fame throuj so many generations. The old man scripts which recount thc story of t foundation of Westminster Abbey, tc U3 that "the devout King destined God that place, both for that it was ne unto the famous and wealthy city London, and also had a pleasant etti tion amongst fruitful fields lying rou about it, with the principal river ru ning hard by, bringing in from all pa of the world great variety of wares a merchandise of all sorts to the city i joining, but chiefly for the love of I chief Apostle, whom ho reverenced w: a special and singular affection." Dc Stanley gives a similar account of foundation, and relates that "while Normandy, and casting about for he the exiled prince had thrown hims upon tho protection of St Peter, a vowed that if bo returned in safety would make a pilgrimage to tho Apostl grave at Rome." From this vow tho Po however, released him "on condition tl ho should found or restore a mouasti of St. Peter, of which the King shbi be the especial patron." The result ^ tho erection of Westminster Abb which was fifteen years ?a building, r which was consecrated ou the 28th December, 1065. It was subsequen reslored or rebuilt nearly io ita 'pres form by Henry III in 1245. Its hon were originally reserved for memberi the royal family, but in course of ti its portals were opened to ail wheeo carn thc right to a place there, until cry foot of its long aisles hos beet hallowed ground, and almost every st in the venerable pile is associated v, the names which have made Engl; what it is. And yet Disraeli '? not only illustrious exile from this gr assembly, which is almost as cocspi?u for the absence as for the presence greatness. For it misses not only s men os Fielding, Smollett, Defoe, 8! ley. Kele, Gray and Popo, but is i forbidden to count in its members cith?r Wordsworth, Coleridge, La Thackeray, Burns,. Byron or Mil Even Shakspeare himself is among tl who do not answer to the roU-cal Westminster. Abbey, bnt sleeps qui by the side of tho Avon, with only Strayer that he may be left undistui n his peaceful altitude.-Baltimore . FORWARD UNDER FIRE. The Attack on Marje'? Heights At I'rcdcr Ickabtirg-. A brilliant description of tho battle of Fredericksburg, prepnred by Maj.-Gen. St. Clair A. Mulholland, appears in the Philadelphia Times. Gou. Mulholland, touches upon the fine condition of the army of the Potomac, relates the circum stances under which Gen. Burnside took command, tells of tho opening of the bat tle and of Meade's advance, and describes vividly the terrible onslaught and repulse at Marve's Heights. Tho following extract from an article is t\\ description of thc thrilling scenes enacted in front of thc famous Ktoue wall : Whi'e Meade waB moving on Hamil ton's the troops in the city were prepared to strike. Under arms, iistcuing to tho sounds of the fight on thc left and waiting patiently for their turn to share in tho f-t ri fe, Gen. Thomas Francis Meagber, mounted and surrounded by his staff, addressed each regiment of his (tho Irish) brigade, and in burning, eloquent words besought the men to uphold in tho coming struggle tho military prestige and glory of their native laud. Then green boxwood was culled from a garden near and Menghcr placed a sprig in his Irjsh cap. Every officer and man fol lowed his example aud soon great bunches of the fragrant shrub adorned thc ca??s of every one. Wreaths were made and bung upon the tattered Hags and thc national color of the Emerald Isle blended in fair harmony with the red, white and blue of tho Republic. At noon, Meade not yet having reached Hamilton's, Gen. Couch ordered French and Hancock to the assault. French moved first, closely followed by tho superb. As we wheeled into the streets leading towards the enemy we were in full view of tho frowning heights and THE HABCH OF DEATH UEQAN. Nearly a mile away arose tho position that we woro expected to carry, and though not yet clear of thc city wo felt tho pressuro of thc foe, the firo of whose batteries concentrated to crush the heads of our column as they debouched upon tho plain. Solid shot, fired with light charges, richochet on the frozen ground, caromed on the pavement and went tearing through the ranks, travers ing the entire length of the streets, hounding over tho river to be buried in the opposite bluff. Sheila began drop ping with destructive effect. One strik ing in the Eighty-eighth New York placed eighteen men hors du combat. I will ever remember tho firet ono that burst in my regiment, wounding the colonel, cuttiug otTtbo bead of Sergeant Mnrley and killing two or three others. I was struck hy tbe instantaneousness of the deaths. The column had halted for a moment, a sharp report, a puff of smoke and tbreoor four men lay stark dead, their facea calm, their oyes mild and life-like, lips unmoved, no sign of pain or indica tion of Buffering. Marley had not fallen, but dropped upon hiu knees, his musket clasped in boin hands and resting upon the ground. After getting into the open and crossing a mill-race a lise in tho ground hid us from the enemy, giving un opportunity to dress the ranks and prepare the column of attack, which was by brigade front, Gen. Kimball's brigade in the lead, followed by those of Col. J. W. Andrews and Col. Palmer. Han cock's divisiou came next, with the brig ade of Zook. Meager and Caldwell in tho order named. Herc the thought struck me: "How different is the real battle from that which our imagination had Eic tu red. After tho reading of our boy ood, with heads filled with Napoleon and bis marshals, and harrowing tales of ?;ory fields of yore, with what realistic beling we ceu see the wild confusion of the storm-swept field-charging cavalry, hurrying artillery, the riderless steeds madly rushing to and fro, their shrill neighing mingling with tho groans, screams aud shrieks of thc wounded." Here there is uo disorder. The men calm, silent, cheerful. Tho commands of the officers, given in a quiet, subdued voice, are distinctly heard and calmly oboyed. The regimouts muncnuvre with out a flaw. In this trying moment the guides are ordered out and tho alignmcot made as perfect as on dress parade. The destruc tion of human beings is done with order and system. Yet it is terrible enough ; the very absohco of confusion and excitement but adds to the dreadful intensity of the horror. As for the screamy and shrieks, I have never heard anything of thot kind either on the field or in tho hospitals. It may bo that the soldiers of other nations indulge in cries and yells; our men took their punish ment without i! complaint or a murmur. Just before moving from this spot ono of my young officers, a brave boy from Chester County, Pennsylvania, Lieut. Seneca G. Willauer, was badly torn by a shell, which stripped tho flesh from his thigh and left tue bone for four or five inches white aud bare. He came to mo, and, holding up the bleeding limb for inspection, said, with tho most gent?o manner and placid vcice : "Colonel, do vou think that I should go on with my company or go to tho hospital ?" No doubt had I told him to go on he would have done BO. Then tho advance is sueded. Tho orders of the regimental commanders ring out clear on thu cold December. "Right shoulder, Bhift arms," "battalion forward, guide centre, march 1" Tho long line of bayonets glitter in the brigh? sunlight. Wo havo no friendly fog, aa Meado had, to hide us from our foes, and as wo advance up the slope we como in full view of thc Army of Northern Virginia. All their batteries open upon us. Wo con trace their lino by the fringe of blue smoke that quickly app?ars along the baso of the hills, and wo seo that we are marching into an arc of fire. And what a reception awaits us 1 Fire in our front, from our right and our left. Shells come at us direct and ob lique and drop down from above ; shells enfilade our Hues, burst among us in front, in rear, above and behind us. Shells everywhere; a torrent of shells; a blizzard of shot, shell and fire. Tho lines pass on steadily. The gaps made in the ranks aro quickly closed. The colors often kiss tho ground, but are quickly snatched from dead hands and held aloft again by others who soon in their turo will bite tho dust. The regi mental commanders march out far in advance of their commands and they, too, fall rapidly, but others ron to take their places. Still in good order, we push forward until fivo hundred yards of the long half mile that lay between us and Marya's Heights is passed, then the sharp I whis of the minnio joins the loud scream I of the oblong bolts. HANCOCK'S GALLANT ADVANCE. Soon we forgot the presence of the shells in tho shower of smaller missiles that assails us. The hills rain fire and the men advance with heads bowed as when walking against a hailstorm. Still through the deadly shower the ov^r thinoing lines press on. The plain over which we have pasted is thickly spotted with tho men of tho Seer-d Corps, dead, in twos and threes and in groups. Regi ments and companies have now their : thin] or fourth commander, and the col ors nre borne to the front by the third or fourth gallant soul who bas raised them. The gaps in tho lines have become BO large and BO numerous that we have to make continued efforts to close them, and the commnnd "Guido centre" is frequently heard. French nears the entrenchments of the Confederates' first linc, and tho enemy redouble their ef forts. The struggle is hopeless. His lines wavo like corn in a hurricane, recoil?, then breaks and tb? shattered mass falls back amid the shouts and and cheer* of Cobb's and Kersbaw's brigades, that lino the trenches in our front. Nov? Hancock, with the division that never lost a gun or a color, sweeps forward, and being joined by man;' of the gallant men of French'* command makes the most heroic effort of the day. Passing the furtherest point reached by tho preceeding troops be impetuously rushes on, passes the brick house so con spicuous on the field-on, on until bia flags waved within twenty-five paces of I the fatal stone wall. Then with a mur derous Uro everywhere around us we ! realized tho full absurdity of the attempt to accomplish an utter impossibility. We bad not yet fired a shot. Wo had only reached tho spot where our work waa to begin. Forty per cent, of the force had already fallon. No support within three-quarters of a mile. In our front, line after line of works followed each other up thc terraced heights to the very crest, which was covered with artil lery. To carry the assault further would be extremo madness. Should we take and occupy the first line, it would simply bo to meet tho fire of the second and third. To fight the host in front was not possible. Wo were here only to bo shot down without being able to return the blow. So tho division, or rather the hali of it that still existed, began falling back ; but Hancock would not be driven from tbo field, and halting where the formation of tue ground afforded some shelter to his hard-tried command, he remained until relieved nt nightfall. And now tho long, long dreadful after noon that awaited the thousands wound ed, who lay scattered over the sad and ghastly plain. The only place of cover was tho bric!; house near tho stono wall. To tbii hundreds of the wounded dragged them selves, and a great mass of sufferers hud died together and struggled to get nenrei ' the houBc, that they might escape tb? fire. All around the great heaps of deat bore testimony to the fierceness of com bat. Near by a color-sergeant lay starl and cold with the flag of his regimen covering bim. Just in front of the stom wall lay a line of men of the Irish Brig ade, with thc green boxwood in thei caps. It was not yet 1 o'clock when th assaulting column retired and we ha< nearly five hours to wait for dark nest We beard the clock in the Epiacopn Church in the city Htrikc tho hours tun seemed so long. The sharpshooters c tbe enemy soon got a position (rom wbic they could enfilade the house, and who any one moved among the mass of bleed inp; men it was the signal for the rifl balls to whistlo around. Few of ti expected to live until night, and but fe' did. Keeping very nu et, bugging tl ground closely, we talked together in lo tones. The bullets kept whistling an dropping, and every few moments son ono would cease talking never to apes again. How quietly they passed awi from the crimsom field to eternity, the last gaze ou their waving flag, tho la sound to reach their ears tho volley? < musketry and their comrades cheers. THE BLOOD OF ALL NATIONS. ' What a cosmopolitan crowd these dei and wounded were-Americans from tl Atlantic coast and tho Pacific State from tho prairies, from the great valle; of tho Mississippi and the Ohio; Iris men from the hanks of tke Shannon ai Germans from the Rhine and the bli Danube; Frenchmen from theSeinoat Italiana from tho classic Tiber mingli their blood and went dowu in dea together that our cause and the Unii might live. Every little while we cou see otiitr columns emerge from the eil deploy upon tho ptain, march forwai but never get so far .xa the brick boui Tho appen raneo of these troops wou draw the 'ire of tho batteries on tho bi above m and hundreds of deadly projt liles would go screaming over us and ' could see them bursting in the midst our friends. Evening came at last ; t sun went down behind the terril heights and we anxiously watched t shadows lengthen and steal across t field of blood, creeping slowly over t plain, through the houses of the city tbo shade, then up the church tor until tho only object that reflects I rays was the cross of burnished gc which sparkled u moment against I purple sky and then twilight wan ur us and deepened until it was difficult discern objects. Wo thought I battle ended, when through i darkness loomed up tho division Hooker. Nobly they came to the wc with empty muskets and ordere to ca tho position with the bayonet. The di mass passed the brick houso and aim to the point that Hancock bad reach They had como np through the gloain unseen and surged against tho base Marye's Heights. Again the hills flashed fire, sha rocked, roared and belched forth rj tons of iron on the red plain, more a utes of useless carnage. The som wave rolled back, the lost and n absurd attempt of the disastrous day I como to naught, and seventeen h dred more h ad been added to the pom ons list of casualties. Clouds o shadowed tho skies, and. guided by lurid fires still smouldering through ebony darkness, the immense crowd wounded began crawling, struggl dragging themselves towards the < thoso wno were slightly hurt assisi others who were more seriously injui those with shattered limbs using n kets for crutches, many fainting falling by tho way. And, when Tu town, how hard to find a spot to rest surgeon to bind up the wound. 1 wounded than tho city had inhnbiU every public hall and house filled overflow, the porches of the reside: covered with bleeding men, the surgi busy everywhere. In the lecture r of the Episcopal Church eight opera tables are in full blast, the floo densely packed with men whose li are crushed, fractured and torn. L there, in deep pools of blood, they so very patiently, almost cheerf their turn to be treated ; there la grumbling, no screaming, hardly a mi many of tho badly hurt nmllo and < and one who has both lega shot o cracking jokes witb an officer who not laugh at the humorous sallies,-fo lower jaw ia shot away. A SICKENING SCENE. Tho cases here are nearly all ca and amputation ls nearly ulwaysresi to. Hands and feet, arms and legi thrown under each table, and the au lng piles grow largo aa the night gresses. Tbe delicate limbs of the d mer boy fall along with tho rough of the veteran in years ; but all, i ono is so brave ana cheerful. Toi morning tho conversation flags; i drop off to sleep before tbey can be attended .??>, and some of them never wake again. The only snuod Is the crunching of the surgeons' taws and now and then the melancholy music of ran* dom shell dismally wailing overhead. Few the prayers that are said, but I can yet hear the Heft voico of a boyish soldier as he is lifted on to the table, his limbs a mass of quivering lacerated flesh, quietly say : "On, my God, I offer all my Bufferings hero io atonement for the sins by which I havo crucified Thee." Out Bide the members of the Christian Com* mission arc hard at work relieving all within reach, the stretcher-carriers hur rying the wounded from the field ; a few priests and the chaplains were quietly moving among tho cuffcring thousands, shriving, giving them comfort and sooth ing their dying. At the Bernard House, whore he had boen carried, died at mid night, tho youngest general officer and ono of the most beloved of all that fell, Gen. George D. Bayard of the cavalry. Whilo conversing with somo other offi cers early in the day a shell struck the group, passing though the overcoat of Capt. H. G. Gibson, destroying his sabre. It crushed General Baynrd's thighs nnd carried away a portiou of his abdomen. He livod fourteen hours after being hit, and passed the time in quietly giving directions and in dictating letters to his friends. In one to Coi. Collum be, said. "Give my love to Gen. McClellan and Bay ray ouly regret is that I did not dio under his command." He was to have been married on the following Wednes day. Tho bride awaited her cavalior, who never came. Bayard, ?an* peur ct tan? reproclie. The loase* in somo of the commands were unusually BO vero. LOSSES IN HANCOCK'S DIVISION. But the moat appalling IOSB was in the division of Gen. Hancock. Of the five officers composing his persouul staff three were wounded, and four horses were killed undor them. Tho General him Bolf was struck by a riflo ball, but not seriously hurt. Of the sixteen officers of tho Sixty-ninth New York every one was killed or wounded, and the regiment lo-*, 75 per cent, of the onlisted men, and loit tbe field with its fourth commander, three having been disabled. The Fifth New Hampshire lost seventeen out of twenty-tbrco oflicors during the fight. Tho Onehundredand Sixteenth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers had all the field and staff and many of tho line officers killed or wounded, and was taken off the field by the fourth officer in com mand during the fight. The first color sergeant, William H. Tyrrell, hold up the flag until bit with five ri il o balls, Tho Eighty-firdt Pennsylvania lost twelve out of sixteen officers and 75 per ceut. ol the enlisted men. The fourth com manding officer brought the regiment oil tho field. The Fifty-soventh New YorL lost nine out of the cloven '?{fleers pres ent. The Sixty-sixth New York had foui commandera during the barite, the three first having hoon killed or wounded Many other regiment? of tho divisior suffered almost as severe, yet, notwith standing the great loss, on the morning of the following day, when ordered t< support the Ninth Corps, the co mm tim fell in ready and willing, and the con I teraplated assault with the Ninth Corps led by Gee. Burnside in person-Lon j which he was happily dissuaded b; ; Gens. Sumner and Hooker at th I moment that all wa* ready to make th attack-was tho lost attempt of the cam pnign. . FEMALE PHYSICIANS. Influence of Practico on tue Donieatio Rc latlons of Wife and Mother. Though thc action of various Legisla tures hits shown that the dominant sex i not yet prepnred to givo women th equality which a full enjoyment of sui frage may furnish, the actual exteusio of women's prerogatives and o ra plc j ments during the last thirty years i enough to make the departed advocate of old time conservatism turn in thei graven. The change is specially markr in medical circles. Not very long aj a female physician was only heard of . the ranks of quackery and jugglery. J mentioned, she was at once classed wit fortune-tellers and humbugs. Personi incidents are always more forcible tba general statements; heneo the addrei of Dr. Rachael Bodley, a Cincinnati by birth, at thc late twenty-ninth cou menceraent of the Women's Medici College of Pennsylvania, of which she Dean, has unusual interest. Tho inst j tutiou has 244 living graduates, from if. of whom letters have been received i answer to inquiries sent out. Of tho replying, all but twenty-three aro in a tivo' practice. One hundred and fifi report that they are accorded due soci and professional recognition, and ou seven tho contrary. Ssventy-six tell he much they are making, ns follows: Twe ty-four between $1,000 and $2,000 p annum ; twenty between $2,000 ai $3,000 ; ten between $3,000 aud $4,001 five betwceo.^4,000 and $5,000; tbr between $5,000 and $15.000 ; four fro $15,000 to $20,000, and ten lesa thi $1,000. The averago is $2,907.30. Si ty-oue answer the question, "What i fluenco has tho study and practico medicine had upon your domestic rel tion as wife and mother 7" Fifty-two the number are married, and of thc forty-five report "favorable," six "r entirely favorable," and one "unfavoi ble." Nine unmarried practilione after striking out tho words "wifo a mother," reply as follows : In thi cases that their professional duties ha prevented marriage; a fourth that s has remained single for reasons e*Hir< distinct from her profession," and sev others that tho interests of depende relatives, etc., have kept thom in eel il cy. The author adds : Returning to the answers of marri women, because they possess thc grea g?nerai interest, I remark that the sc of domestic life, as I have liotened w ear attent, bas been sung in no mil key. In the melody (as the tabuia1 statement shows) aro a few discordi notes, but theso aro such as a mas might throw in to enhance the harmon of bis strain. For example, a thoroug conscientious mother writes from nursery, where three quiet young el di'sn claim tho mothers ministry : "3 ?tudu of medicine is of great benefit, tho practice often interferes with my d to my family." The clear, pure qua of tho replies, as a whole, is truly ex! nrating, for example : "Purifying i ennobling. Married a physician Bini began practice. Am the mother c boy of eight years . of age." Anoth "I keep house, and care for husband i three children as I would if not in pi tice ; perhaps, not quite as well, li ci cr." Another: "I have not been a wife or mother. My duties M ? have not been neglected. At timi may have been more taxed than if I not theso duties to attend to." Anoi wife aud mother, whose successful tr ing of three children now iu adult ontitles her to an opinion : "I thin tho history of the families of woi physicians were written it would be fo that their children are well cared well trained, well educated ; all this, household duties not neglected. * ? ? Women who study medicine are watch ful and careful." Another : "As a wife my duties havo never been interfered with ; as a mother I have been incalcu lably benefited. * * ? My husband is also a physician. I am often enabled to assidt him with his cases, both in diag nosis and treatment, and I often find his advice of great value to rue. Wo aro, mutually, a bel? to each other." On tho whole, Dr. Bodley is highly encouraged. She calls attention to the small number of deaths nmong tho grad uates-thirty-two out of 276 in thirty years-as a refutation of the idea that the female constitution cannot sustain the wenr and tear of medical practice, and dilates upon tho usefulness of tho graduates among their sex at home and in foreign mission fields, nnd sums up by declaring that "tho inherent vitality of tho cause is in no manner more thor oughly demonstrated than iu the fact that as workers fall on Bleep, now toilers arise, the rank? clo-io solidly up, and the work with accelerated strength moves on. -Cincinnati Gazette. "THE MAN OF FACTS.? Hr. Henry XV. Grady, th? Itlnarnnt Jour rmlliit Milked In Charlotte. Charlotte Obterver. "There is Henry W. Grady," said a gentleman as a representative of the Obterver was passing through the office of the Central Hotel Sunday a littlo be fore, church hour. Tho representative looked in the direc tion indicated and BIIW a taco at n corner of the writing desk in the offico which, by tho shadow cast over it in this part of the room, was anything but prepossessing. Tho owner was writing on plain white paper auch as is put to overy purpose in a newspaper olfice. With his traveling satchel and duster on a chair beside him, ho seemed ready to flit at any momont but, for tho notice, was entirely absorbed in bis work. He stopped, however, when tho Observer's desire for an intro duction was communicated. "I wri to everywhere," he said byway of explanation. "I was just desiring to sec ono of you. I seo by your paper this morning that Louisville and Nashville Railroad stock h-is gone up to 96f. This represents a profit to me of $4,000. It mado an ad vauce day before yesterday worth $3,000 to me, and I waa a little afraid when I saw this second rise that it was too good to be true, and I wanted to ask if th evo was any probability that it was an error of tho printer." There is nothing unprepossessing about bis face now. He has n cock-eye but otberwiee it bears thc good natured sim plicity of a child. "I arrived on tho Wilmington tir'n this morning and go South on tho ~ .t train, which leaves, I understand, a couple of hours. 1 carno last from he Albemarle fisheries, which I havo been writing up for several journals. Two Atlanta artists ar? with me for tho pur pose of sketching the necessary illustra tions. One of them, Mr. J. H. Moser, represented the Harper?', &*id tho other, Mr. Horace Bradley, tho New York Graphic. We aro going to Mississippi to sketch and writo up J. R. Richardson's placo and industries. I am on the wing all the time. I passed one-third of my time last year in n sleeper, and haven't had un hour's rest in len years." "How old aro you, Mr. Grady?" (Tho representative's impression bc tero seeing him was of a middle-aged man, and he was surprised to find him exceedingly youug looking.) A scarcely perceptible twinkle in bis eye indicated that the suggestion in the tone with which tho reporter laked this question was understood, ann be pro ceded in a simple, unpretenli ms way as follows: "I am 20 yearn old. My "ilber fell at the head of a North Carolin ? regiment in Virginia during tho war. ? graduated from College at 19. I bad been educated for a lawyer, but was crazy to got on a newspaper. At the timo I waa rich. Tho proprietor of the Rome (Ga.) Courier ?ave mo $500 a year to edit his papor. stayed with him tvs o years. I wrote an cditorinl on tho Ku-Klux. Ho refused to publish it. I became angry and went across tho street and bought out tho other paper-there were two tu the place. After running this awhile, I went to Atlanta and started the Herald in con nection with Bob Alston. We got into a fight with " competition paper and whipped. We next 'bucked' against Joe Brown and 'busted.' I had au offer of $50 a week to come to North Carolina and edit a Raleigh paper, in which Zeb Vance, I think, was interested, an he wrote to mc. I hesitated about it, but finally concluded os I was in tho busi ness I had better strike high and BO went to New York, engaged on tho Herald, and havo been with it ever since." "You don't consider your timo ao much tho property of the Atlanta Cbn ttitution, then as that of the HeraUl f" "Well last year I became a co-proprie tor of the Conttituiion, paying $20,000 cash down for $25,000 interest. Thero aro four proprietors equally interested, the capital stock being $100,000. I write for tim Constitution as I do for a great number of journals, but I am under more partie ''ar obligations to the Herald. I havo co-equal supervision with Mr. Cuthbert, of Richmond (only ho does not travel), of tho Herald's South ern correspondence, and can direct what correspondents Bh&ii write up occurren ces which are expected tc transpire. I am now ongaged in writing a review of Jefferson Davis' book for tho Herald. It will appear between th? first and fifth of May. And, by tho way, I am tho only newspaper man in tho world who han read thu honk. The Memphis paper Eublished some advance sheets, but they ave no knowledge of the tho contents of the book. The Herald has a contract with the ApplctouB for the firat view. I have more work laid out for the rest of tho month than I can accomplish. I am engaged for contributions to both Harpera's and Scribner's next issues, be sides contributions to other journals, .jomo of which will have to be disap pointed." "Have you any prominent ideas of tho prospects of the South gathered while traveling through it?" "I don't know that I have. I have written more about the South, I suppose, than any other ten men living, and it keops me stripped. I caa tay, however, that the prosperity of the South ia going to be greater than baa ever been known. Our people have hith.-rto neglected the small industries, but 1 think their eyes are opening. Aa an instance, I found one man in your State who makes 15,000 gallons of wino yearly. These things will be developed more in future. The tide of immigration is finding its way South, and as an instance forty German Immigrants came into thia State on a train behind the one I waa on, and the great resources of the South properly doveloped and peopled, will make her tho richest and most glorious country in the world." Mr. Grady ls of stout, not corpulent, build, weighs about 170 pounds and says the tailor ?as to extend ?ho measure of ; bli clothes every time he gets a new suit. Ho is a pleasant, uot brilliant conversa ' tionnlist, and in bb conversation does not exhibit any indication ol' the wealth and richness of his resources for language aud powers of description, which nie so prominent a feature of bis newspaper correspondence. He departed South on the afternoon train. "COMING TO SIE THE DOYS." A Comical Incident of tho Wura* Told by Gen. Gordon. Geu. Gordon suid to uie : "Johnny, I hopo nover to go through such a war ns that again. I don't be lieve I could /. nd it now, but then we don't know. Some scenes nrise on my mind as if they never could have Imp pened. I often think of Spottsylvania, where I have seen my men standing on the dead bodies of their comrado*, load ing aud firing, utterly indifferent to the death below thom, the death in front of them, and the death everywhere. The dead bodies wero ly mg down outside tho works, in tho ditch, which was half filled with water, and there, soaking in the rain, the dead men lay, and their friends were using their bodies to get a little elevation in putting in that terrific work. Yet," said the General, "there were some right funny scenes in that war. Did I ever tell you about tho man com ing in only to look at my camp? . "Wo were on tho Rapidan River, where it was a little stream, hardly 100 feel wide. Gen. Lee sent me word that 1 must go out and break up the communi cation betweon our pickets and the ene my's. They had got to trading witt each other in newspapers, tobacco, lies and whatever would vary tho monotony af picket life. They would not shoot al each other, and so it was not military like. So 1 started out one morning oe my horco and rode tho wholo length ol the picket line, and just as I came to i certain point I saw that there was con fir sion anti surprise, as if I had not beer expected. "What is tho matter, men, here ?" J asked. "Nothing, General, nothing is here.' "You munt tell me tho truth," said I "I am not welcome, I see, and there mus bo some reason for it. Now, what is thi matter ?" "There has been nobody here, Gone ral. Wo wore not expecting you ; tha U ali." "1 turned to two or thrco of tho sol diem and said : "Heat down theso bushes here. "They had to obey, and thore suddonl rose up out of the weeds a nnn os star! naked OB he had come into tho world. "Who are you?" asked I. "I am from over yonder. General.'' "Over yonder-where ?" He pointed to the other side of th river. "What regiment do you beling to?" "The 104th Pennsylvania, General." "What are you doing in my camp ?" "Why, I thought I would just coir over and see tho boys." "See the hoyt-what boys? Do yo mean to say you have entered my cam excopt as a prisoner? Now, I am goic to do this with you. I am going to hai you matched to Libby Prison just as ye are, without a rag of clothes on you !" "Why, General, you wouldn't do thu juht becnuse I came over to see the boy I didu't mean any harm I I felt lon some over there, and wanted to talk thc boys a little. That iu nil !" "Never mind, sir; you march fro Uiia spot, clothed an you are, to Libl Prison 1" "General," said the mau, "I had rath you would order me lo be shut right her? "No, sir ; you go tc Libby !" Then several of my soldiers spoke U] "General, don't be too hard on bin ho's a pretty good follow! He didi mean any hann ; he just wanted to tn with us. "This business must bo broken ur. said I-"mixing up on tho picket lim "It had not been in my heart, howev to arrest the man from the beginning, only wanted to scare him, eua ho did b hard. "I'll tell you what I will do with y this time," for I ww that ho waa a bra good humored fellow. "If you w promise me that neither you nor any your men shall ever como into my hi again exceptas prisoners, Pl! let you gi "God bless you, General," said I man, and without any more adieu just leaped into that stream and ca up on the other side, and took to I woods." Gen. Gordon said, referring to tho rc tive bravery of Southern and Northi soldiers, that he had soen os perfect stances of cool and desperate ph among the soldier* in blue ns among soldiers of his own.-Johnny Bonnet the Kew York Tribune. Timely Advice to Cotton Planters In reproducing from the Vicksb Herald the following good humored vice to colton planters, wo do so with the full consciousness that the faro know better than any ono how to regu their crops, and that they will act jt ciotisly and prudently in no importar matter ; yet a hint may be taken fi the Herald's advice, though satiric conveyed : The season of tho yenr hos arri when tho presn takes charge of tho n cultural interest. Spring is here and weather is delightful; tho editors < therefore, take a hand. When Sum comes it bring i heat and long mattel fact days that try the G .angers' sc That is the time when thc editors del to not interfere in planting operation The Herald has never doubted foi in.-1 uit its ability to regulate plan affrfin "n this country better than i now are, if it could have its advice lowed. Wo go with the plantera an 1 not advise them to diversify their ci i raino their meat, corn, fruit, pou horses and cattle. We aro rather di pointed at the email crop of cotton ducod in 1880, and if the valuable of the planters is .o be taken up in ing sheep, cattle, hogs, corn, pea pears, ole., there will be another fa this year. There were only abou 200,000 bales last year, and there ni have been 12,000,000 bales; so it cf seen we had ouly little over half a If there had been a full crop, I would have been a whole year for rest us firmly resolve to raise a full croj year-say thirteen million bales we will have nothing to do next ycai to improve the country and discuss tics. We can then give our attentii raising food, supplies, horses, r sheep, grain and fruit. There is another reason why we s make a big crop. By doing it w< crush out competition ia cotton ri ir. other parts of the world. Ft countries can't stand more than on of twelve or thirteen million bal American cotton. They will be to give np the business and then w havo every thing our own way. There ls another reason. It ls i all around that we are to onc< better feeling toward the Ytrkei we raise big crops of cotton and bu; tho Yankees everything they pi and maaoftc't?r?, they will think ever to much of us. We hnvo a better climnte to raise, but the Yankees would havo just cause of complaint of us if we availed ourselves of our advantages. To make everything pleasant and profi table, let the South plant for fifteen mil lion bales and if tho crop fulls a million or ao short there will bo no very serious deficiency. News nnd Gossip. - There nre more thnu 200,000 Ger mans in Texas. - In Lafourche pariah, La., there are 318 citizens named Williams. - Thc Austin (Texas) Statesmun naya that in North Texas bears are killed. - The slaughter of buffaloes goes OD at the rate of two hundred thousand per year, but no one will be worse off when thc last ono bas been killed. - The candles and tapers procured to burn around the bier of the Czar in the presence of the royal family were found to bo filled with nitro-glycerine. - "Yes," says a Chicago Tribune writer, "Senator Butler ha? a wooden foot." This seems to be just the oppo site of tho Tribune, man's affliction-a wooden head. - State Geologist Kerr anya that the nggregnto water power of North Carolina is equal to -bout 3,500,000 horse power, distributed ever the entire nrea of the State, with Axe exception of a few sea board counties. It would bo adequate to turn 140,000,000 spindles. - The dogs eaten by the Chinese nrr of a pale yellow color, Hnd are about the size of a spaniel. They have black eyes and blue tongues. The Chinese give them no meat, but pen them up, as is done with pigs, nnd feed them with rice meal and farinaceous food. Dogs bred in the islands of the Pacific are said td cat nothing but vegetables. - A Mr. Perkins, of England, has de signed nn ocean steamship which ho says on a consumption of fifty tons of coal a day of twenty-four hours will cross from Queenstown to New York in four days, and on occasions can make forty miles an hour. The suggested steamer has twin screws forward and aft, tho bow screws pulling and stern ones going ahead. - The mayors or may or.;-elect of the ten largest cities in the Union-New York, Philadelphia, Brooklyn, Chicago, Boston, St. Louiri, Bnltimore, Cincinnati, San Francisco and New Orleans-aro Democrats. Thc municipalities thus under Democratic control have a popu lation of 4,653,478 souls or nearly one tenth of tho entire population of tho country. - Gen. Mahoue has two nous and a daughter, all old enough to take their places in society at Washington. His wife is a very accomplished lady, and the exact contrast physically to ber hus band. She weighs over two hundred pounds, and is aaid to havo possessed remarkable personal beauty in lier day. Next to Alexander Stephens, General Mahono is tho smallest man that has ever been in Congress. - The statistician of tho Agricultural Burenu at Washington, in a recent re ?ort, shows that the value of land in kentucky has increased during the past year only six and six-tenths per cent., whilo South Carolina's landa have during ; the same period appreciated eighteen Cor cent., and Virginia's twelve and a alf per cent. Kentucky is ahead of Delaware, whose land appreciation WOB ouly threo and eight-tenths per cent. - Lewis Redmond is not dead, as was recently reported, as will be seen by the following telegram sent from Asheville, N. C., on Monday week : "Great excite ment was created in this city to-day by thc arrival of a guard of six mcn; having in charge the notorious moonshiner and outlaw, Redmond, who has BO long and so successfully evaded arrest. He is in jail, and carries in his body six bullets, tho result of his obstinate resistance." - vj>??e respectable New England pa per has just suggested that the special need of Washington at this moment seems to bo "a well defined case of Asi atic cholera." Another equally respec table Republican journal in Connecticut observes that "tho benevolence of the Almighty to tho United States could not be more significantly manifested to-day than by turning tho yellow fever into Congress." - Hon. Carl Schurz has returnod to journalism, his first article in tho St. Louis WcMichc Post being on tho situs' lion in tho Senate. He shows clearly that it is the Republicans who aro ob structing tbe public business, and that the Democrats claim, properly enough, that the Republican plan would be fol lowed by a repetition of the corrupt carpet-baggc rule. "In fact," says Mr. Schurz, "the ght over a fow Keimte offi ces is uothing else but a fight for tho possession of the Federal power in fu ture." - The disciples of Nihilism professed ly despise both tho marriage tie and all j those delicate sentiments v. Eich custom arily characterize tho relations between the sexes. Sophy Piovsky, though deli cately nurtured and brought up in re fined society, was living as Hartmaon's wife when Bhe gave the signal for the attempt to blow up the Imperial train at Moscow. She returned bot recently from abroad to take na active part in tho lalo Slot, and on arrival immediately joined eliaboff, the chief conspirator, aua lived with bim as his wife till the momor.t of his arrest. - J. Milton Turner, ex-Minister to Liberia, is trying to organize another band of raiders, to proceed from St. Louis and occupy tho reservation of 14, 000,000 ncres in Indian Territory, known as Oklahoma. Mr. Turner is, in other words, preparing to rebel against the Federal Government, which has notified thu country that- nu wallera will be al lowed on those lands, which, by the laws cf the treaties with the Five* Nations, can only bo occupied by such friendly Indians as the Government choose! to remove there. Capt. Paine last year at tempted to do what Turner proposes to do this year, and after he got his emi . grants to tho Kansas line be found a I coop of United States cavalry obstruct ing tho way. Turner will doubliesa find (he samo obstruction. - The Richmond Dispatch ahows that the foundation of wealth on which not a fow of the old New England Smilies rest was derived from the slave trade. They sold the negroes as probity, and got the money for them, which they hold to this day. We bought tbs negroes as property, but our luvestmen*. passed from us by the act of the Nortr?# i nd for which we shall never receive a cvtt of compen sation. The slave trade was not abolish ed until 1808, because so many New England mea had thoir money ia the enterprise that it waa necessary to give them time to get out of lt with the least loss possible. From 1804 to 1807 IncJu sive, 202 cargoes of negro slaves wera brought into Oharloston.S. O. Of .t.Ms*> .. . slaves, 8,914 were ?o?d tor aoowot of persons residing In Bristol, K. I.; 8,48? for Newport. R, I.; 656 for Providence, R.I.; 280 for \Y*?reo, kVl.;.200p tor Beaton, Mas?., and 250 for Hartford ' Oono.v This was. it will bo observed, at only one port in the Sooth, ?nd during a period of only four years.