The Anderson intelligencer. (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, April 21, 1881, Image 1

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BY E. B. MURRAY & CO. ANDERSON, S. C.. THURSDAY MORNING. OCTOPER 21 1 MMT VOLUME XVI.-NO. 1.1 For'jhe Andersonjntdligeneer. Should u State Prohibit the Sale of Intoxicating Liquors ? Mn. EDITOR :.Feeling a deep interest in this important question, which is now agitating the State, and.desiring to pre sent some views thereon, I submit for consideration the following thoughts, which embody a speech made by myself in a debate between the Adelphian and Pbilosophiau Societies of Furmnn Uni versity, in April, 1879 : In espou'iog the negative side of this question,! we are a? ure that we have many odds.to contend_against; we will, to a considerable extent, have to combat the force of public opinion and tho doc trines of some of tho ab!est mcn"of the day. Tho ovils of intemperance have become so great, and the horrors result ing from the uso of intoxicating liquors have been set before us in such glowing colors, that mon are not disposed to look upon such a subjee' as the present ono with an impartial eye. In their zeal to find a remedy for these evils, they allow themselves to go beyond their better judgments, and aro found advocating measures which they would not do, were they not thuB blinded by an excessive ardor to uccomplish a good purpose. We fully appreciate the evils of intemper ance as much as any one, andjbelieve in adopting all proper and effectual meanB for bringing about a remedy ; but we do not believe that a State-a civil govern ment-ought to pass a law prohibiting tho sale of ardent spirits, and if you will but give us an impartial hearing, we will endeavor to state tbc'grounds upon which tlie opinion is based. I. Such a law transcends the true object and aim of civil government. Of all tho subjects which are brought up for con sideration and discussion by men, we think there is none which has Ken so erroneously viewed and so wrongly treat ed of as civil government. Go"ernraent is not intended to make moral beings, nor to correct the morals of its subjects -that ip, it ?3 not ile signed ?U Cr eui ll uode Ol morals and direct men, in specific cases, to act this way or that, just as it sees proper : it is not intended to guide the morals or affect the actions of men in so far as concerns the immediate reflexive result which these exert upou the indi vidual ; but it is only wheu a person does some act to tho detriment of his fellow man, or to the injury of his government, ttiat government eau stop in and prevent his acting as he chooses. A man maj commit ever so gross a sin and ever sc immoral an act, yet BO long as he does not do this to the injury of any one ex cept himself, civil government has nc right to interfere. This constitutes thc great difference between civil and divim government: this is the great line o: demarcation between crime, punishable by human law, and stn, punishable bj divine law. For example: Tho firsl commandment of tho decalogue is ai binding upon men, in BO far as their re lation lo God is concerned, as any of tin oilier uiuuduies of Jehovah ; und yet wh( would dare to say that civil government has a right to take cognizance of thc violation of thin commandment? Hen in the blazing light of tho niuetcentl century, in a Christian land, in tho cit; of Greenville, with its several churche? and numerous pioue Christians, with it; several institutions of learning, endeavor ing to inculcate the doctrines of Chris tianity and morality, if I choose to morrow to erect a god of stone and fal down in adoration before it, vhat gov eminent under Heaven has a right ti interfere? So with several of the othe commandments. All are equally bind ing upon every individual, and he whi violates any of them is guilty of a grea sin in the Bight of God, and will be pun ished accordingly ; and yet, when i comes to civil government, ono may vio late any of them, so long as he docs no do it to the prejudice of his fellow-meo BO long as he docs no direct aud imme diate injury except to himself, and n State can interfere. Now we admit, fo the sake of argument, that tho selling c intoxicating liquors is contrary to divin law, yet we mamain that, of itself, i does not directly and immediately injur any othor person. Remember, wo sa oj itself ; for if a man drinks execssivel and becomes intoxicated, bo is certainl injured ; but then it ia the result of hi own indiscretion, it is caused by his ow weakness in yielding to a debasing appc tito ; it is not the direct or necessary rc ault of the sale of tho liquor. It is nc the seller who is tho cause of the injury for if the man had drank moderately, h would not hrt?o be?n injured ; but it i tho buyer, who, of his own accord, drink excessively and injures himself. An indeed a large number of these men ai not injured even in this indited waj How many men (yea, how '.srge a mt jority) take their social drinks and ai never injured thereby 1 Now then, the sale of intoxicating liquors does n< of itself injure any person, if it does nc of itself"in any way injure the buyer, 63 cept by his own voluntary act, how lhci I say, can government, from its vei nature, interfiero and say that the sale < intoxicating liquors shall not bo allowed II. Such a law violate* the right of pro} erty. It is a well established princip that every man has a right to the inn? cent use of his own property ; he has perfect right to employ his capita!, tin and labor in whatsoever manner I chooses, so long as he does no injury l any one elisa. A State, then, notonl has no right to interfere with such a pe son na to IV q use of his property ; but is bound, uy the functions which i?, po soases, to protect such a person in the ec ployment of his means, to protect b?m i the prosecution of any, vocation whit he chooses to follow, so long as this voe tion docs not directly conflict with tl rights of others. Hence, if a mt chooses to invest bis money in 'ardei liquors and offers them for sale, a Sta not only ought not tojprohibit bim, but ought to protect him in the prosecution of his vocation. In offering these liquors Jor sale, be docs a direct injury to no one; ho Bimply^otTerslthernl.fbr sale; if no one chooses to?buy them, he alone will bc the loser; he can force no man to buy them against his will ; if any one chooses to bjy them, it is by his own free will and accord that he does so. The buyer may purchase these liquors and use them in moderate quantities, and no harm result to any ono. If the buyer does drink excessively, ho ia injured, but he bringa the injury upon himself by his own volition. It ia ?'ndoubted?y true that some liquor-dealers abuse tbeir rights, but this is?by no means a proper ground for the State to prohib?', tho sale of liquors altogether. It should correct tho abuses, but allow the right to ?ell to continue. We have known bar-keepers who would not Bell liquor to an intoxi cated man, or to young boys who wero drinking contrary to tho wisheH of their parents. Such a man is prudent and cautious ; ho is simply pursuing this vo cation as -\ livelihood, and does not wish to injure any one. He only sells to those men who are in their sound senses, to those who are habituai drinkers, and aro determined to huve thoir drink any way. He doe3 not sell to an intoxicated man, because such a man is out of his proper mind, and he feels that he would be doing bim an injury. He does not sell to a wayward youth to go home intoxi cated and Bend a pang of sorrow through tho breasts^of his parents ; for he feels that he would be doing these parente an injury iu enticing their children off from the paths of rectitude .before they have arrived nt years of maturity. Such a man has somo sense of honor about him. Ho is not willing for the sake of lucro tc ruin his fellow-men ; he wishes to do an injury to no one; on the contrary, he tries to avoid injuring any one; he ii simply exercising his right to employ hie capital as ho pleases so tong as he injure no one ; and what government-what IState-can prohibit him from exercising this right? Nqw, wo believe a govern' ment hus the right to regulate the saleo intoxicating liquors, so as lo prevent anj abuse on the part of those who sell it ; t State may, and often does, prohibit tin sale to minors and intoxicated persons without infringing upon thc rights pf an] one ; but we can not see how a State eau agreenbly to the principle we have se forth, prohibit its sale altogether. Wo do not, now, wish to be misunder stood. We have been upholding th liquor-dealer in his right to Bell arden spirits, simply because he has the right light founded upon tho fact that ever man is entitled to the free use of his owi property, so long as he does not tbereb injure any other person against the wil of that person ; and a right derived als from the fact that to prohibit such sale i entirely beyond the province of civi government. Civil government is insti tuted for specific purposes, and has il limits rf authority, beyond which it ca not g? with safety and propriety. It i instituted to protect men in their rights ( life, liberty and property ; and yet whe it prohibits men from selling liquor, i itself violates their rights of probert and infringes upon their liberty; dor. the very thing which it was designed I prevent! Tho authority of a State ez tends to the punishment of all inj uri. inflicted by ono person upon another i a direct manner and against the will < the party injured ; but it bas no author ty to punish acts which are simply in moral, hud which do no direct injury I any one without his own knowledge ar consent. So, then, v/c do not uphold the mora ity of the vocation. No, no ! God fo bid that we should be found upholdii such a nefarious trafile ! that we shou be found pronouncing the men engagi in tho business SB earning an honorai livelihood ! No ! We do not see he any man, with brains in bin head and heart in his bosom, can pursue a callii which i< yearly filling hell with tho sands of victims. Indirect though it yet if he has any perception at all, must see that ho ts the cause of innun rabie miseries. No, fellow-mortal, y who are engaged in the liquor traffic, y have a right, so far as human laws e tend, to prosecute your business uum tested : but by all the nie?? of reiigii of humanity and of self-respect, fores this detestable calling and pursue nobler one ! Think of the God w made you and has preserved you will fatherly caro : think of your felic mortals, whose destruction and ruin y aro daily advancing; think of yours: made in tho image of God aM placed earth for a nobler purpose ! Think, mt think ! and change your mode of life How, then, is intemperance to checked? Wo answer, by moral and ligious influence?. If all thos'i mer those pious Christians and reverend m isters of the gospel-who are BO lout clamoring for a statutory prohibit!' would only torn their attention nea home and exert their influenco ur. those kl )und them, they would accc plish far more for the caueo of tem rance than all the prohibitions on statute booka of a Stale 1 Let them to tho poor inebriates and devotees Bacchus, and persuade them in a k and friendly manner to reform tl: lives. Let them approach the liq dealers in a courteous way and iud them by persuasion and argument to l sato their degrading calling and eng in something else. Let them appeal tho erring ones by the duties which t owe to themselves, their fellow-men i thoir God. Let them teach men tc right simply because it is right, and shun the wrong simply because it wrong, cud not because a statute of State says do this or that. When i thus begin nt tho root of the evil, work in the right direction, we hope see the cause of temperance better \ moted and humanity greatlv biassed. V. ty. BROWJ GOOD NEWS FOE CHARLESTON, The Owners of tbe South Carolin* lt. R. He eins; Ijtst. Special Dispatch lo Nev? and Courier. AUGUSTA, GA., April 12. The child is christened, and ita name is the South Carolina Railroad. All day long tho directors of the Georgia Railroad have beeu in session, every member, with the exception of Gen. Alexander, being present, and al1 day L:'?iness men, and especially tb', JU interested in railroad stocks, havo been anxiously awaiting tho issue. Mr. Wadley, Mr. Fisher and Mr. JI nul: ell were closeted with the board during the entire day, and it was impossible to ob tain any inibriuaticn from thom in re? j gard to the matter. All sorts of rumors prevailed and the speculators in stocks were uncertain how to act. Thc belief that some combination would bc formed, however, buoyed up Georgia and Cen tral and both continued firm. During tho morning sales of Georgia were mado at 140, one country stockholder disposing of all ho owned-250 shares--at that figure. Central kept pace with it, and eales were mado at 134. Both purchas ers and sellers were a little nervous, however, aud the Bales were consequent ly restricted. At noon the directors took a recess until 4 p. m. All that could bo ascer tained at that tim? was that a committee had been appointed to report to the board at the ond of the recess. Nothing whatever as to the subject of the roport leaked out. At 4 o'clock the directora again met and remained :n session until half-past 7, when they adjourned. It was tuen ascertained that their delibera tions had resulted in the following ac tion : Tho board of directora of the Georgia Railroad Company have agreed to reut out the Georgia Ri'Iroad.and ita depen dencies to the owntM of ino South Caro lina Railroad, consisting of Wm. M. Wadley, John H. Fiehor, Moses Taylor Samuel Sloan and others, for the sum of $600,000 per annum. TH? sum ?B to be paid in two seini-annuai instalments of $300,000. The lease is to dato from the 1st day of April, 1681, and to continue for tho term of ninety-nine years. Tho lessors, the Georgia Railroad Company, will retain tho bank building and banking department, including all cash on hand, as well as $25,000 in bonds of the Compress and Elevator Company of Port Royal, and all rep I catato not essential to railroad purposes. Tho Georgia Railroad Comnany is to retain in its custody all the bonds and blocks of the company ; but the lesvjrs, the owners of theSouth Carolina Railroad, are tu have the dividends and voting power of tho stocko and bonds. Tho lessors, the Georgia Railroad Company, are to pay interest on the entire bonded debt of the Georgia Railroad and the Macon and Augusta Railroad. Thc lessees, the owners of tho South Carolina Railroad, are to nay interest on the bonded debt of the Western Railroad of Alabama. Tho terms of the contract require the South Carolina Railroad owners to keen the property of tho Georgia] Railroad in good condition, sub ject to inspection at the pleasure of the lesso.*s, and they must return it in the same condition as they received it. Nor are tbe lessees to encumber the property with liens of any sort, or to uso it in violation of the charter of the Geor gia Railroad and Banking Company. As security for the proper compliance with the terms of this contract, the lessees aro to deposit one million dollars in United States bonds, or other bonds of equal va!::c; aud thc title to ail rolling stock, as the same may be renewed from time to time, is to ?-emain with th J Georgia Railroad and Banking Compa ny. This agreement was voted for by every membor of the board, except one, ?ho voted No. Gen. Alexander telegraphed bis assent. There was a full discussion of the scheme, and it met with great favor from all the directors, save one. Under the agreement the organization of the Georgia Railroad is to bo continued under its present officers, the lessees hav ing full control of tho railroad, however, and running it to suit themselves. Tho terms of the lease amount to 10 per cent, on the capital stock of th< Georcia Rail road Company, which ! $4,200,000 and G per cent, on tho bonded indebtedness, leaving $400,000 annually as a surplus, or sinking fund. The Ge ?rgia Railroad owns a two-fifths interest Tn the Port Royal Railroad, and the South Carolina Railroad secures control of that. Thus the interests of the three ports of Savan nah, Charleston and Port Royal art; linked together, tho owners of tho South Carolina Railroad having also control of the Central Railroad. lu the discuoBion in the board to-day it was bhown that unless something of this sort was quickly dono all the South ern roads of any importance would be gobbled up by Northern railway combi nations, who would work them for their own interests and ruin our Southern ports. The new management will now operate a grand system of roads, consist ing of tho South Carolina, tho Central, tho Georgia, tho Macon and Augusta, the Atlanta West Point, the_ Western Railroad of Alabama, aud the southwes tern Railroad. The contract agreed upon U >day will be signed by tho contracting parties to morrow and the Georgia Railroad will be formally turned over to the" lessees. Tho directors have full powei to sign the contract without relerence to ibo stock holders, tho directors being the c??yOi?* tors under the charter. It is hinted that some of the stockholders may apply to the courts for an injunction to restrain tho directors from carrying out thc con tract, but it is not believed that anything will come of it. The directora of tho Road claim that it was absolutely essential for the safety of the three Roada that the combination Bhould be made. A prominent director of the Georgia Railroad stated to-night that Charleston would be moro benentted by tho leaso than any other place. "It will be," he said, "of immense advantage to that city. A large line of splendid steamers between New York and Charleston will be at on co established. This is not a lease in dis guise to the Central Railroad, but it is a rent for ninety-nine years to tho owners of the South Carolina Railroad. Moses Taylor, ono of those owners, it is true, also owns four thousand shares in tho Central ; but Mr. Sloan, another of the lessees, does not ho?? a share in that corporation. It ia believed, however, that the South Carolina and Central Roads will work in harmony, and that Charleston and Savannah will bo given equal advantages. The lease, you will observo, is not to the South Carolina Railroad proper, but to certain parties who ?re tb.' owners of that road.". AUGUSTA, April 12. The board of directors of the Georgia Railroad have leased that road to uso owners of the South Carolina Railroad for ninety-nine years from April 1, 1881, for $000,000 per annora. This lease is made in tho interest of the Louisville j and Nashville Railroad. NICE COUNTRY. IIuw Dakota 1'eoplo Faa? the Winter naming; Fences and Hay to Keep Warm. Gary, D. T., Letter to St. Paul Pioneer-Preis. To day thc first mail from the Ei>"t since February 19 arrived iu this ptace by teem, it having becu left io Canty,, Minn., twelve miles distant, some two, weeks since, and was brought up by the work of the citizens, who turned out with shovels and teams and wallowed through about six feet of snow on tho level to obtain it. lu it were letters and papen., the latest being a copy of the Pioneer Pi es$, datod February 28. In it I noticed that grave apprehensions are entertained as to the condition of tho settlers of this section; and, as rum? rs of all sorts aro Hying, I take this opportunity of seltliucr the fears engendered thereby at rest. I intend relating things as they are, wi.h no deception ahout it. The winter, aa you are aware, has been of u character almost unparalleled. Tho oft-quoted hut not always reliable "oldest inhabitant" is bewildered. It beats anything in his memory-which is usually quite cana ciou Sotting in, as it did, on October 10, it took all by surprise. No one was prepared for it. Thc farmer had not threshed, and potatoes were frozen in tho S;.ound. The merchants of this country tad not ordered their winter *ock, and the fuel d?alere woro also caught short. The previous mild winters Kid taught all to believe that they would always last, and that communication with tho com mercial centors of thc East at all times would remain unbroken. The fallacy of such thoughts will, with this winter's ex perience, doubtless ba .torouehly eradi cated. Aa soon ns it ht came evident that WINTER IN EARNEST HAD SET IN, and when trains began to move irregu larly an attempt waa made by our mer chants, fuel dealers aud others to get in supplies for tho balance of tho winter. How well they succeeded is attested by tho fact that thero are now ovor 1,000 freight cars in the Sleepy Eve switch yards awaiting shipment hitberward. The experience of this winter in this re spect will not soon be forgotten. Since October lo the ground has been covered with snow all tho time. It has not thawed to speak of, so that at tho prosent writing, on tho Uve!, thc snow IB from five to seven feet deep; while in the gulches, in somo places, it is from forty to sixty feet deop. Tho timber in this country grows iu these gulches, HO thal it will be seen that no wood eau bo cut. Under ordinary circumstances wood in sufficient quantities to tide over n bliz zard-which also means a stoppage of all trains-could be obtained. Even this winter the supply of fuel was deemed ample to last until a new supply could be i mopped in on the cars, But tho block ade coming upon us on December 25, the dato of the arrival of rho last through train, with no intermission up to the present time, and no prospect of any for a mouth hence, tte situation is BECOMINO TRULY ALARM I NO. The farmers are burning hay and straw, i which also, owing to the extreme length of time which they have had to feed their stock, and having mado calculations for only an ordinary winter, is getting very scarce. The citizens of thia and other towns have been burning cedar posts and lumber, and, whore they can be spared, Borne have taken tho outbuildings for fuel. Travel with teams is almost an impossibility. No attempt, in fact, has been made to "break roads," save that which oringa tho mails. So far but four nini.n have arrived since Christmas. Business is at a complete standstill. Goods of all kinds, especially groceries and provisions, fleur and msats, were I long since exhausted. Since tho flour supply gave out a feed-mill, propelled by horse-power, has been engaged in the manufacture of a course, unbolted gra ham flour, which hac proved a God-send to the settlers in both to.vr L?? cauutfy. Many people absolutely hate nothing to eat save that coarse flour aud molasses, and oven the latter commodity is about exhausted. Many of thc settlers of this county (Deuel), who reside at a distance from Gary, are GRINDING THIS COARSE FLOUR IN COF FEE-MILLS ! Think of it ! Being reduced to au ex tremity which compelled you to manu facture your own flour in a" puny coffee mill, or Btarve ! And yet that is the predicament in which many of the peo ple of the frontier find themselves. Tough as the situation is, I have heard of no cases of starvation, but it comes so near it thero is no "fun in it." Still the settlers are not disheartened, being con tent and happy in tho thought that in the East, aa well, are they wading up to their necks in snow, tho only difference being that there the tables, doubtless, contain more of the luxuries and "neces saries of life" than do those of the set tlers here. The wer.'.her hero has not been as cold cs there ; in one instance only bas tho thermometer reached thirty-two degrees above zero, most of tho time it being in tho neighborhood of twonty degrees or thirty degrees below zero. The trouble is not owing to severity of the weatner, but is due to the great fall of snow, and tho winds blowing the snow in great drifta, filling un rond-cutn nnd rO?ds ES Inst as they aro shoveled over or "broke," and thus rendering them impassable. The general and only reliable means of locomotion this winter is tho Norwegian snow-shoe. It consists of a board eight feet long, five inches wide and half an inch thick, with ono end pointed and turned up. with a raised foot-block in the middle, BO that it resembles a huge skate. In traveling over deep snow it is of great value, aud an expert can easily travel thirty miles on them in a day. Farmers j ?owe to town on them, and the Postmas ters come after their office mail on them. Our business men drivo care and the "blues" away by sliding down hill upon them, nnd when one meets with a mishap and turns a somersault or two, the others give evidence of their enjoyment thereat by wild, uproarious shouts of laughter. They seers to bo boys again. In this manner parses the daytime. At night, surprise parties and dances engago tho attention of tho people of the town and all of the country who can possibly mao? age to get to town. Up to New Year's the ladies of Gary gave several loap-year parties, and they did it well, too. Since then surprise and masquerade parties have been the ordor of the day. Every* body attends, and all enjoy themselves, notwithstanding the scarcity of food and fuel. - Mr. Mahone can neither eat nor sleep, the excitement Incident to his new situation having nearly overcome him. - Thc new translation of the Bible baa been delayed a little, the translators not agreeing as to whether the word hell should he changed to hades. It was sug* gested that tho most expressive way would be to put it "Chicago" or "St. Louis," and thu amendment was enthu siastically received, until the more thoughtful of the learned board reflected that this would be worse than eithci bell or hades; so the amendment was not adopted. GLADSTONE'S PEACI-OFFERING. Th? Irish Land Bill Introduced In the Uoime of Common?. LONDON, April 7. In the House of Commons, Mr. Glad? stoiM rose at 6.49 P. M. to introduce the L i jd Bill. He was much cheered. Tho House was exceedingly crowded. Mr. 31 ads ton o said that tho uill would deal both with rotations between landlord and tenant, and subjects which may be grouped as requiring an advancement from thc exchequer. He said that thin I wau tho most difficult question ho . .r had to deal with in the course of his polit ical life. He felt satisfaction at exchang the dreary work of repression for legisla ion >Tan improving and reforming chat .tcter. Thc grounds which induced the government to deal with tho land ques tion were not that tho Irish landlords aro bad, not that appeals to the passions of tho Irish peoplo havo been made by persons whose wild proposals are little removed from Bcbemes of public plunder, but bo cause tho Irish Land laws contain pecu lair provisions which prevent she pros perity of the Irish teuauts. According to the report of tho Bessborouh commis sion Mio Irish peoplo declare they do not desire tho "expropriation" of landlords or tho confiscation of tho property of others, but they do desiro to cultivate in security the land of the country and to enjoy tho fruits of their labor, paying a fair rent for land. These being thc views of the Irish people, we have a broad basis on which wo may proceed to found legis lation. It is not just to say that legislation is necessary because of the faults of Irish landlords. They havostood their trial and as a rule have boen acquitted. Although tho proceedings of a limited number of them havo been arbitrary, harsh and cruel, this is partly but not solclv tho reason for the necessity for the legislation wo aro about to introduce. Mr. Gladstone then referred to the pai(?al failure of thc Land Act of 1870, which ho attributed m'.inly, though not wholly, to amendments which the gov ernment had disapproved. He then re viewed tho reports of tho Richmond and Bes?Vorough commissions, which he de clared, notwithstanding conflicting au thorities and recommendations, had been of tho greatest uer vice to the government. The Richmond commission with ono dis sentient, and the Bessborough commis sion i'opnimny?isgreed to recoso sasnd* ing the establishment of a court to deal with differences between landlords and tenants regarding rent. Tho two great questions to be dealt with are first, the relations between land lords and tenants in Ireland ; second, ad vances from tho public exchequer. Ho declared that never, as a minister, had ho submitted any treasure with n greater senso of the enormous moment of tho tonics and propositions involved, and ho '?iked : "Shall wo hesitate to do all that can be legitimately done by tho Govern ment for tho promotion of legislation, to promote the passing of an effective meas ure to deal with the Land question of Ireland?" Ho then examined and justified in de tail tho principles of the measure begin-., ning with right of assignment or free Balo, which ho declared already existed by common law and custom. Boforo the Act of 1870 the right which the tenant had to assign was so small as to bo worth less. Under that Act tenant-right in tho shape of compensation for disturbance, becamo something sensible and consider able. It had been recognized by every member of the Bessborough commisssiou. The minority of thc Richmond commis sion acknowledged it, the majority had not a word to say againafit. Ho continued : The present bill does not introduce an unregulated tenant- ! right. Provision is made for preventing i it from passing into extravagance, and, ! for protecting tho just rights of landlords j bringing into fair competition thetenant's j right to assign aud the landlord's right i to get what bis land is reasonably worth. ! Tho salient point and cardinal feature 1 of tho bill is the institution of a court to j tako cognizance of rent, and which will j not be debarred from taking cognizance : of tenure and assignment. There are ? strong gouuds for making resort to the court optional instead of compulsory. There may be tenants who do not desiro tho interference of this court. Every ex isting tenant might call in tho court to fix a judicial rent for fifteen yearn, during which thero could bo no change, no evic tion, except for breach of certain speci fied co/enanta. The Ulster custom will remain ns now, at tho tenant's option, but the tenant will have the protection of the general provisions of the bill for controling the augmentation of rents. The power to contract out of tho Act is given wbcro tho rent amounts to ?200 yearly. The Court will havo final authority ovor all questions. It is to conan! of threo persons, one of whom must be a judge or ox-judge of tho Supreme Court. Its proper seat.will bo at Dublin, but ex tra commissioners, and, if necessary, sub commissioners may bo appointed under control of the central commission. Tho civil courts established by th? bill will be courts of the first instance. It is proposed to assist tenants to pur chase their holdings and to in?Mt the courts with power to purchase lands from landlords desiring to sell, and tc resell them, retaining tho title as a guarantee fnr repayment and against subdivision. Advances will be mado to owners, tenants aud solvent companies formed for tho purposo of reclaiming land or for other agricultural improvements, on condition j that the advances do not exceed tho ! amounts which the borrower had laid out j on II?B own behalf. Advances will also be mide to assist ' emigration. They will be under the j control of the land commission, subject to the consent of the treasury, and will bo made cither to' colonial governments or to companies. It in not proposed to ; place any limit on these advances be- j youd making them secure. Mr. Gladstone concluded by saying that j estico is tobe the principle to guide England in regard to Ireland. He com pleted hia speech at 8 o'clock, and was greeted with loud cheers on taking his seat. Sir stafford Northcote and Mr. Shaw, member for County Cork, stated that they did not intend to discuss the bill now. Mr. Shaw said he believed the latter part of the bill would give general satisfaction. He hoped this attempt, which he believed was made honestly and sincerely to settle tho question, would be accepted in Ireland as having been made in that spirit. Mr. Parnell said ho did not intend to express any opinion on tho bill at pres ent, but regretted that the power as to emigration wan not accompanied by oth ers enabling the Land Commission to favor emigration to lands that might be purchased for that purpose Mr. Forster took occasion to state that tho Government would be prepared to make advances to tenants for purchases and perpetual quit-rents, thia being n point which Mr. Gladstone had omitted io his speech. The Land bill was then rend tho first time. Queer Things in War. Men might writo for a hundred years of the curious phases of war and still leave the subject fresh. War is a littery and tho prizes are ..hot, shell, wounds and death. Tons of thou -aims of mon served four years in the late war and re turned home. In a thousaud cases re cruits were killed within twenty-four hours after renchiug the trout. War's missiles aro no respecters of persons, a;>d the soldier who fights an all days' battio without receiving a wound mr.y be killed in his tent at night hy the accidental dis charge of a musket. At the battle of Franklin, thc firstnbcll sent from the first Union field-pieco to open fire, killed twenty-six Confederates. 1 he next five shells ."iom this same gun cither failed to explode or cleared the advancing lines. In this samo fight the horso of a Confederate colonel was cut square in two by a shot and the rider es caped unhurt. Ten minutes after a Union officer behind tho earthworks stumbled aud fell forward on the grouud and broke bis neck. In one of the assault? cn Fort Wagner, in Charleston harbor, tho irou clad fieot, assisted by land batteries numbering twenty-seven heavy camion, bombarded tho fort for two hours before killing a single soldier. From soventy to eighty heavy cannon woro hurling three tons of iron into tho fort each minute, and yet no one was hurt until over 300 tons" of "solid death" had boen wasted. AH an offset to this, witness thc work of a singlo solid shot thrown from a Federal gunboat on the lower Mississippi. AConfedcrato flying battery was just taking position, and one pieco had already opened fire. The Federal ?hot was directed at this piece. Tho big mass of iron struck tho six poun der square on tho muzzle and upset the gun and carriage. A piece of tho muzzle weighing about twenty pounds was bro ken off, and this flew to thc left and killed two men. Thrco men were wouuded by small fragments or flying splinters. Tho big shot next struck and exploded a cais son, killing three moro men and wound ing two others. From tho caisson il turned to tho right, kilicd a horse, smashed a wheel of a field-pieco and crushed the leg of a sergeant lo a bloody masc. That one shot so disorganized the battery that it limbered up and dashed away to cover. While heavy ordnance is necessary in reducing forts and earthworks, it is doubt ful if there is any picfit in the ? ui of tho big guns carried by tho iron clads on the river. When McClellan fell back he had the cover of gunboats, and somo writers have claimed that their firo saved his army from capture. 80 far as the Coufc-ucrnie records show, tho loss by tho hundreds of enormous shells thrown over tho heads of our troops into the woods by these great canon, did not amount to n hundred men. They were a new thing then, and tho effect of tho awful crash and tremendous explosion was demoral izing to tho troops in lino. A Union gunboat on thc White river threw three shells into a Confed?ralo camp and killed nearly fifty men and rout ed a force of 700. Within a week after that event, tho Confederate General, Shelby, planted four pieces of flying artillery on the levee within 400 feet of the Bama gunboat at anchor, and without tho least cover for men or gunH, kept up the firing for over an hour, or until thc gunboat backed out of it and steamed away. Tho chances in a lottery can be figured down fine, and a certain per cent, of es capes ?sallowed in a steamboat explosion, but ho who goes to war has nothing to consolo him. He may dodgo a 200-pound shell and bo killed by two buckshot. He may receive a dozen bullets and live on, or at first ono may be fatal. He may ride in the wildest charge, unhurt, and ho may be killed by a stray bullet beH?do nia camp fire.- Detroit Free Press. "He Get's Drnuk."-A Sketch for Young People. "He's the smartest young man in our class." "Yes. but he g^ets drunk." "Oh but ho's tine looking, so noble and so talented withal! His''composition yesterday was tho very best in our divis ion. Ho writcB splendidly ! They say ho's writing for n magazine, no older than he ?B. and not out of school yet ! won't he be a great man though, some day !" "No, I don't think he will." "Why not?" "Ho get" drunk." "Oh, that's nothing ; a gcod inauy smart mon getdruuk. livery young man has wild oats to sow ; and because a fel low gets a littlo boozy once in a while, I would not condemn him forever ; quito likely he'll out grow it when he gets older and sees the folly of it." "More likely that will outgrow him, and as to his getting a little boozy, I'm afraid he was a good deal so whon the boys found him beside tho walk tho other night, and had to carry him to his room, dodging around street corners and skulling through by-ways so that none of the professors would eco him. I tell you, a person who drinks nt all is not to bo depended on. The only young mcu that I navo any confidence in aro those who let intoxicating liquors entirely alone." "We!!, I don*? caro; hu'? good and smart, anyhow, and I like him. "I don't ; he gets drunk I" So the conversation ran on between two schoolmates, who were walking juat ahead of me. Ah, how those words, "He gate drunk," kept ringing in my ear ! Possessed nf a noblo manhood and a glorious intellect ; blessed with thc greatest and beat of God's gifts; having tho love and approbation of teacher:, admired and looked up to by associates; thc pride and hope of a fond father, intertwined in thc heart and life of a doting motlier, united in cloao and ten der bonds with brothers and pisters ; holding in his baud the honor and good name of the institution with which he is connected, of the society in which ho mingles, and yet-"gets drunk I" As a natural consequence that young man who drinks will generally blight tho manhood that is within him, chango to oarses tho blessings that are upon him ; bring to tho dust whatever high-born aspirations, whatever longings for great ness, glory and immortality may be his ; blast the loudest hopes of parents, put out tho brightness of thoir futuro in tho darkness of disappointment, pain and sorrow ; bring shame and reproach upon brothers and sisters; trample upon tho love and confidence of his fellows; shut himself out from all goodness, purity, usefulness and happiness ; blot out the imago of God that is stamped upon him, and drag himself down lower than tho brutes. Aye, so surely docs he shut himself out from heaven as "he gets drunk!"-Geraldine Qennaine. - At an auction salo in Now York friday night, tho Gutenberg Bible, tho first book priutcd with mo vah?o type, was sold far $8,000. --A Missouri woman, after burying ber sixth husband, has married her first love. AU the dead husbands lie side by side. Young men determined to marry should bo careful lo Inquire into this thing called first love. Tho New Programme for Garfield. Tho deadlock in tho i ointe, and in republican politics generally, is about to bo broken by tho adoption of a new pro Sramme by tho president, under the irection of Secretary Blaine.. Tho $f?r, being democratic, does not aft'ect to ho tho official orgHu of a cr.binet which wo havo opposed over since Garfield con ceived it ; but all our predictions in regard to tho president have proven so accurate, that we may claim tho implicit credence of thc country for this revela tion of his present intentions. Wo are given to understand, from authentic, sources, that, within a fort* I uight at most, if tho deadlock be contin ued, Garfield will withdraw all tho nomi nations now before the fcnate, thus leaving tho s?nat -rs with nothing to do and no excuse for prolonging their ses sion. As soon ns tho scrate adjourns thc president will make tho appoint ments, and throw tho onus of the situa I lion upon Conkling and the stalwarts, i relying upon tho intrinsic merit of his appointments and the explanations of j his friends to Hot him right with his party and thc country. The advice j and consent of Ibo senate having been i withheld from thc president by the st ni - ' warts, trick of gaining time by arguing ? about Malone's bargain and sale, Gar field feels justified in taking this bold stand and acting for himself. In order to carry out this programme, tho president will promptly cease tosend any moro nominations to tho senate, and the country will understand from this cessation that, unless tho deadlock bo immediate!}' broken by the republican senators themselves, tho remaining por tion of the new policy will bo enforced. We should not bo surprised to see the presi dent's meaaugo withdrawing tho nomina tions accompanied by a plain statement that he har, no further business to sub mit to tho senate. Tho stalwarts will then bo forced to luke their choice between an adjournment or a perpetual seas on, ispnn tho plan of tho French convention, to watch Garfield and pre vent his appointments.-New York Star. Pistols in the Senate. Calling upon an ox-democratic mem ber of congress from Louisiana, a few days ago, he showed mo the handsomest pair of dueling pistols I have over seen. They were mode by Purdy, of Loudon. The barrels arc of the finest Damascus, tho locks are of tho choicest tempered steel and the handlea of polished rose wood. The pistols were made so that they could bo loaded cither from tho muzzle or the breech, according to thc stipulations of the combatants. Tho triggers aro so adjusted that the slightest touch will fire the weapon. Tho owner of tho pistols is au expert shot, aud some idea of tho accuracy of tho arms can bo formed when it is stated that he has shot birds on tho wing with them at a dis tance of ono hundred yards. These pis tols havo been in request on more than ono occasion during the past ten years. Tho last time they were applied for was prior to tho Bcene which occurred in tho senate between Scnutors Conkling nnd Lamar. The events of tho few liours which preceded thc memorable inter change of fighting words between those gentlemen had convinced several south ern senntors that serious trouble was brewing. Some of them looked for an altercation on thc floor, and ft was de termined to mako the expected altercation a bloody on?, if need he. The two pistols were taken from tho residence of their owner to tho senate chamber, and were loaded in ono nf the committee rooms. When Mr Conkling delivered his scorch ing criticism of Lamar thoso pistols were in??thu pockets of men upon the floor. And after tho controversy Ii ad cuded without tho interchange of blows thc EistolB wero retained by friends of Mr. amar, possibly without his knowledge in anticipation of a hostile meeting between tue two senators. Tho owner of I tho pistols Bays he has loaned them once or twico to poisons desirous of adjusting ! difficulties, but in each case a peaceful solution of the troublo has been reached beforo exchanging shots.-Philadelphia Prc**. How lo Mako Candy. A number of varieties of candy are easily made at homo with littlo troublo or expense. Besides tho enjoyment of making them, they can be relied upon to bo nure, a quality not possessed by most ol tho stuff purchased at the shops. Below will bo found rcceipes for soveral different kinds, tho ingredients for which are easily procured : SUOAK CANDY.-Mix two pounds of white sugar with a cupful of water, boil and skim it, then add four tablespoonfuls of sweet cream, four of vinegar rind but ter tho Bize of au egg. Boil until it will harden in cold water, but not until it becomes brittle. Flavor to tasto. NUT CANDY.-Mix a pound of brown sugar with three tablespoonfuls of water. When this boils add a quarter of a pound of butter and continue to cook until it gets thick and ropy, then put in the nuts; tako it from thc fire and stir until it grains. Pour into buttered plates and cut when nearly com. COCOANUT CANDY.-Pare and cut the cocoanut into thin strips, or grate it on a coarse grater. Dissolve half a pound of granulated sugar in two tablespoonfuls of water, put it over the fire and as soon as it boils stir in half a pound of tim cocoa nut meat. Continue* to stir until it is boiled to a flake, then pour it into a but tered pan and cut it m any shape you wish, when nearly cool. CREAM CANDY.-Moisten a pound and a half of granulated sugar with half a cup of cold water, add a quarter of a teaspoonful of cream tartar, a teaspoon ful of powdered gum arabic and a table spoonful of vinegar. Boil until it will harden in cold water, flavor with vanilla, rose or orange, and pour it into buttered plates to cool, thon pull until white, stn teh into wide, thin strips and cut it off. CHOCOLATE AND CREAM CANDY. Boil a pound of sugar with haifa cup of cold water, until on stirring a little in a sauce plate without water, it becomes sugary. When it reaches this point tako it from the stove and stir until it begins to harden. Put half into a aopar&to dish and add au ounce of grated chocolate, portion smoothly in a buttered pan and place tho whito candy evenly over it. Cut into small squares. MOLASSES CANDY.--Heat a kettlo hot and butter, it, ?hen pour in a quart of molasses and a cup of sugar. Boil stead ily for twenty minutes, stirring to pre vent burning and boiling over. Try it by dropping a littlo in cold water; if it bardens immediately it ia done, other wise, it must be boiled longer. Stir in a teaspoonful ; of pulverised soda before turning out. Walnut, hickory nut or hazel nut meats may be added to this oaudy, and a little of it saved to make pop corn balls. Use just as little candy as possible ia these balls and let nono of it get on tho outside, whee thoy should look perfectly white. - Paper coffins arc a rccout luxury. The History o? riced le?. A writer in Jiardwase,. a journal which deals largely inmetalifcous articles,says: The needlo ia ono of tho mont ancient In struments of which wo hive any record. The modern needle is a pointed inalu meut having an eye, and is u?ed for car rying n thread, some kind of fabric, or other material. It is probable that tho needles of those people who lived in very ancient times had no eye?, ns instruments of bone are found in tba caves that were inhabited by ancient peoplo of France, and the needles of ancient Egypt, which aro described as being of bronze, do not appear to have been made with eyes. Ihese needles havo also been found in the loins of Herculaneum. The first account that history gives of tho manufacture of needles is that they were made at Nuremberg in 1460, and . while the date of their first manufacture in England is in doubt, it is ?aid to have commenced in that country about 1545, and it is assorted that thc art was prac ticed by a Spanish negro, who died with uut disclosing thc secret of his process. During the reign of Quccu Elizabeth this industry was revived and has been continued ever since. Christopher Greening and n Mr. Darner established needle factories at Long Drendon, near Hedditch, in England iu 1G50 and thean were soon followed by other London nee dle makers. Hedditch is still the center of manu facture. The eyes of tho earliest needles were square. Many unsuccessful at tempts were made to bring out the so called "drill-eyed" before they were fin ally introduced in 1826. Two years later tho burnishing machine in which tho eyes of needles aro polished was comple ted. In this machine the needles are strung on a steel wire, which is caused to revolve rapidly, and thereby impart a beautiful finish to the eye. The process of hardening needles was for many years accomplished by casting them whilo red hot into cold water. Hy this means a largo proportion of them became crooked, and the services of a largo number of workmen were re quired to straighten thom. lu 1840 the substitution of oil for water took place, and as this caused a large number of workmen to be thrown out of employ mont a riot took place at Hedditch, aud the introducer of the oil process was driven ont of tho town. The machinery for Bredes bsa uaw been brought tohucu n state of perfection that, from the coil of Btcel wiro to the riuished needlo, the machines used perform their various, operations in a manner that may bo said to he almost automatic. News and Gossip. - Mr. Conkling is desirous of having it understood that ho is the czar of New York. - Secretary Kirkwood lived iu Ohio twenty years. Otherwise his life has been spotless. - Bob Ingersoll has no faith in Satan - Chicago Tribune. But Satan has a good deal of failli in Bob Ingersoll. - Tho FruHuian Prince William has been obliged to decline 8,000 wedding presents. Oh, General Grant, you're not adapted to royalty. - The Christian index, a religious {?aper of Atlanta, uses type made from mild* which the contending armies ex pended before that city was captured by Sherman's indomitable legions. - Tho richest immigrants who come to this country aro tho Hussian Mennon ites. Twenty families of these people recently gave the Treasurer of Castle Garden $85,000 to keep for them over night. - The President is said to bo firto iu tho positiou he has takeu with reference to tho Mormon peculiar institution, and will see that it is "stamped out." Tho anti-polygamy must go, and the Mormons had better get an anti-polygamy "revela tion" ready for use. - Of tho 1,586,481 bales of cotton manufactured annually in tho United States, 1,020,907 bales, or 60 per cent, of the v.-h o le amount, aro consumed in the States of Connecticut, New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Rhode Island-86 per cent, being used in Massachusetts alone. - The Cincinnati. Commercial says: "Of course the President does not desire to antagonize tho Grunt men, but if the Grant men go on with their pr?tentions that they arc pet children of the Lord, and that all other Republicans arc of an inferior sort, there will bc trouble in the meeting-hous?." - A Kansas girl named Sleepy mar ried recently an actor by tho name of Tired. When tho ceremony was over a thoughtless youug lady guest saug "T am tired now and sleepy too, come put me in-" But some ono coughed very loud ly, and there was an agonizing silence about four yards long. - More than half the Republican vote of Maryland is colored. Maryland bm 1,312 Federal office-holders, who recoivo nearly $900,000 a year ; of these but 24 aro colored men, and their salaries are but $18,812. Divide the offices fairly, and the Democratic party would get bul bous with Radical convert?. - Tho flow of gold to this country continues without abatement. The steamship ..Republic," which arrived on tho 25th of March, brought $1,000,000 ; tho "Wyoming," on the 22d, brought an other million, and the Bank of England baa parted with over $600,000 for shin ment to New York. The drain of gold from France has been so sonoui that the bank has suspended gold payments, and in the Paris market gold is at a premium of one-half of one per cent. - When Hannibal Hamlin, elected as a Democrat to a seat in tho United States Senate, chose to bc himsolf a Republican, he announced that purpose in the Senate, resigned his seat and returned to Maine to make the canvass for Governor. That was in 1856. Mr. Hamlin has but Just now, in his old age, retired from tho Sen ate to a remainder of days in private life, and bas been received at, homo with all honora. Tho virtues of this oxamplo might be recommended to Mr. Mabone, of Virginia.-Chicago Times. - Morris Grant, a colored man, aged 44 years, and said to have been born on James Island, S. C., was recently engaged in a pugilistic encounter in New York. It ia not stated whether this successful bruiser ls directly or indirectly connected with the General of that name. After a few rounds he defeated bis antagonist. Tho newly enfranchised have been prom inent in politics in this State, but we be lieve that this is tho first instance that a colored native of South Carolina has re* ceived "honorablo mention" in the pugilistic ring. - A Louisville admhor of Bob Inger soll is bringing up his children on Bob's plat!-that is, to allow the little ones to follow their own bent ; "to be as free as the birds," ho poetically expresses it. The youngsters havo got on so well under the new departure that their venerable ?'randfathor is now addressed as "you old ool" and "you stinking old da vii." If tho old gantloman ventures on any re marks, the little ones tell him to ''shut his mouth" and "keep still, thew." Tho father feels much encouraged; and wishes his family were even larger.