Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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BT E. B. MURRAY & CO. ANDERSON, S. C, THURSDAY MORNING, APEIL 21, 1881. VOLUME XVI.?NO. 41. For'Jhe Anderson'Jntclligencer. Should a State Prohibit the Sale of Intoxicating: Liquors ? Mb. Editor ^Feeling a deep interest in this important question, which is now agitating the State, and^desiring to pre* sent some views thereon, I submit for consideration the following thoughts, which embody a speech made by myself in a debate between the Adelphian and Fhilosophiau Societies of Furman Uni? versity, in April, 1879: In espousing the negative side of this question,] we are aware that we have many oddswto contend.against; we will, to a considerable extent, hare to combat the force of public opinion and the doc? trines of Borne of the ablest men'of the day. The evils of intemperance have become so great, and the horrors result* ing from the use of intoxicating liquors have been set before us in such glowing colors, that men are not disposed to look upon such a subject as the present one with an impartial eye. In their zeal to find a remedy for these evils, they allow themselves to go beyond their better judgments, and are found advocating measures which they would not do, were they not thus blinded by an excessive ardor ^accomplish a good purposO. We fully appreciate the evils of intemper? ance as much as any one, andjbelieve in adopting all proper and effectual means for bringing about a remedy; but we do not believe that a State?a civil govern? ment?ought to pass a law prohibiting the sale of ardent spirits, and if you will but give us an impartial hearing, we will endeavor to state the'grounds upon which the opinion is based. I. Such a law transcends the true object and aim of civil government. Of all the subjects which are brought up for con? sideration and discussion by men, we think there is none which has been so erroneously viewed and so wrongly treat? ed of as civil government. Government is not intended to make moral beings, nor to correct the morals of its subjects?that is, it is not designed to erect a code of morals and direct men, in specific cases, to act this way or that, just as it sees proper: it is not intended to guide the morals or affect the actions of men in so far as concerns the immediate reflexive result which these exert upon the indi? vidual ; but it is only when a person does some act to the detriment of his fellow . man, or to the injury of his government, . that government can step in and prevent his acting as he chooses; A man may commit ever so gross a sin and ever so immoral an act, yet so long as be does not do this to the injury of any one ex? cept himself, civil government has no right to interfere. This constitutes the I . great difference between civil and divine government: this is the great line of demarcation between crime, punishable by human law, and sin, punishable by divine law. For example: The first commandment of the decalogue is as j binding upon men, in so far as their re? lation to God is concerned, as any of the other mandates of Jehovah; and yet who would dare to say that civil government has a right to take cognizance of the violation of this commandment? Here in the blazing light of the nineteenth ' century, in a Christian land, in the city of Greenville, with its several churches and numerous pions Christians, with its several institutions of learning, endeavor? ing to inculcate the doctrines of Chris? tianity and morality, if I choose to? morrow to erect a god of stone and fall down in adoration before it, what gov? ernment under Heaven has a right to I interfere ? So with several of the other commandments. All are equally bind? ing upon every individual, and he who violates any of them is guilty of a great sin in the sight of God, and will be pun? ished accordingly; and yet, when it comes to civil government, one may vio? late any of them, so long as he does not do it to the prejudice of hid fellow-men, so long as be does no direct and imme? diate injury except to himself, and no State can interfere. Now we admit, for the sake of argument, that the selling of intoxicating liquors is contrary to divine law, yet we maintain that, of itself, it does not directly and immediately injure any other person. Remember, we say of itself; for if a man drinks excessively and becomes intoxicated, be is certainly injured; but then it is the result of his own indiscretion, it is caused by his own weakness in yielding to a debasing appe? tite ; it is not the direct or necessary re? sult of the sale of the liquor. It is not the seller who is the cause of the injury ; for if the man had drank moderately, he would not have been injured; but it is" the buyer, who, of his own accord, drinks excessively and injures himself. And indeed a large number of these men are not injured even in this indirect way. How many men (yea, how large a ma? jority) take their social drinks and are never injured thereby! Now then, if the sale of intoxicating liquors does not of itself injure any person, if it does not of itself in any way injure the buyer, ex? cept by his own voluntary act, how then, I say, can government, from its very nature, interfere and say that the sale of intoxicating liquors shall not be allowed? II. Such a law violates the right of prop? erty. It is a well established principle that every man has a right to the inno? cent use of his own property ; he has a perfect right to employ his capital, time and labor in whatsoever manner be chooses, so long as he does no injury to any one else. A State, then, not only has no right to interfere with such a per? son as to the use of bis property; but it is bound, by the functions which it pos? sesses, to protect such a person in the em? ployment of his means, to protect him in the prosecution of any, vocation which he chooses to follow, so long as this voca? tion does not directly conflict with the rights of others. Hence, if a man chooses to invest bis money in 'ardent liquors and offers them for sale, a State not only ought not tojprohibit him, but ought to protect him in the prosecution of his vocation. In offering these liquor? for sale, he does a direct injury to no one ; he simplyioffersjthem'.for Bale; if no one chooses to^buy them, he alone will be the loser; he can force no man to buy them against his will; if any one chooses to buy them, it is by his own free will and accord that he does so. The buyer may purchase these liquors and use them in moderate quantities, and no harm result to any one. If the buyer does drink excessively, ho is injured, but be brings the injury upon himself by his own volition. It is undoubtedly true that some liquor-dealers abuse their ! rights, but this is'by no means a proper ground for the State to prohibit the sale of liquors altogether. It should correct the abuses, but allow the right to sell to continue. ? We have known bar-keepers who would not sell liquor to an intoxi? cated man, or to young boys who were drinking contrary to the wishes of their parents. Such a man is prudent and cautious; he is simply pursuing this vo? cation as a livelihood, and does not wish to injure any one. He only sells to those men who are in their sound senses, to those who are habitual drinkers, and are determined to have their drink any way. He does not sell to an intoxicated man, because such a man is out of his proper mind, and he feels that he would be doing him an injury. He does not sell to a wayward youth to go home in toxi cated and send a pang of Borrow through the breasts'of his parents; for he feels that he would be doing these parents an injury in enticing their children off from the paths of rectitude .before they have arrived at years of maturity. Such a man has some sense of honor about him. He is not willing for the sake of lucre to ruin hip fellow-men ; he wishes to do an injury to no one; on the contrary, he tries to avoid injuring any one; he is simply exercising his right to employ his capital as he pleases so long as he injures no one; and what government?what State?can prohibit him from exercising thisright? Now, we believe a govern? ment has the right to regulate the sale of intoxicating liquors, so as to prevent any abuse on the part of those who sell it; a Stale may, and often does, prohibit the sale to minors and intoxicated persons, without infringing upon the rights of any one ; but we can not see how a State can, agreeably to the principle we have set forth, prohibit its sate altogether. We do not, now, wish to be misunder? stood. We have been upholding the liquor-dealer in bis right to sell ardent spirits, simply because he has the right?& right founded upon the fact that every man is entitled to the free use of his own property, bo long as he does not thereby injure any other person against the will of that person; and a right derived also from the fact that to prohibit such sale is entirely beyond the province of civil government. Civil government is insti? tuted for specific purposes, and has its limits of authority, beyond which it can not go with safety and propriety. It is instituted to protect men in their rights of life, liberty and property; and yet when it prohibits men from selling liquor, it itself violates their rights of property and infringes upon their liberty; does the very thing which it was designed to prevent! The authority of a State ex? tends to the punishment of all injuries inflicted by one person upon another in a direct manner and against the will of the party injured; but it has no authori? ty to punish acts which are simply im? moral, and which do no direct injury to any one without his own knowledge and consent. So, then, we do not uphold the moral? ity of the vocation. No, no I God for? bid that we should be found upholding such a nefarious traffic! that we should be found pronouncing the men engaged in the business as earning an honorable livelihood! No! We do not see how any man, with brains in his head and a heart in his bosom, can pursue a calling which is yearly filling hell with thou? sands of victims. Indirect though it is, yet if he has any perception at all, he must see that be is the cause of innume? rable miseries. No, fellow-mortal, you who are engaged in the liquor traffic, you have a right, so far as human laws ex? tend, to prosecute your business unmo? lested ; but by all the pleas of religion, of humanity and of self-respect, forsake this detestable calling and pursue a nobler one! Think of the God who made you and has preserved you with a fatherly care; think of your fellow mortals, whose destruction and ruin you are daily advancing; think of yourself, made in the image of God and placed on earth for a nobler purpose! Think, man, think ! and change your mode of life! How, then, is intemperance to be checked? We answer, by moral and re? ligious influences. If all those men? those pious Christians and reverend min? isters of the gospel?who are so loudly clamoring for a statutory prohibition, would only turn their attention nearer home and exert their influence upon those around them, they would accom? plish far more for the cause of tempe? rance than all the prohibitions on the statute books of a State! Let them go to the poor inebriates and devotees of Bacchus, and persuade them in a kind and friendly manner to reform their lives. Let them approach the liquor dealers in a courteous way and induce them by persuasion and argument to for? sake their degrading calling and engage in something else. Let them appeal to the erring ones by the duties which they owe to themselves, their fellow-men and their God. Let them teach men to do right simply because it is right, and to shun the wrong simply because it is wrong, and not because a statute of the State says do this or that. When ruen thus begin at the root of the evil, and work in the right direction, we hope to see the cause of temperance better pro? moted and humanity greatlv blessed. W. W. Brown, GOOD NEWS FOR CHARLESTON, Tito Owners of the South Carolina lt. K. Moving Last. Special Dispatch to News and Courier. Augusta, Ga., April 12. The child is christened, and its name is the South Carolina Eailroad. All day long the directors of the Georgia Railroaa have been in session, every member, with the exception of Gen. Alexander, being present, and all day business men, and especially those interested in railroad stocks, have been anxiously awaiting the issue. Mr. Wadley, Mr. Fisher and Mr. Haskell were closeted with the board during the entire day, and it was impossible to ob? tain any information from them in re? gard to the matter. All sorts of rumors prevailed and the speculators in stocks were uncertain how to act. The belief that some combination would be formed, however, buoyed up Georgia and Cen? tral and both continued firm. During the morning sales of Georgia were made at 140, one country stockholder disposing of all he owned?250 shares?at that figure. Central kept pace with it, and sales were made at 134. Both purchas? ers and sellers were a little nervous, however, and the sales were consequent? ly restricted. At noon the directors took a recess until 4 p. m. All that could be ascer? tained at that time was that a committee had been appointed to report to the board at the end of the recess. Nothing whatever as to the subject of the report leaked out. At 4 o'clock the directors again met and remained in session until half-past 7, when they adjourned. It was then ascertained that their delibera? tions bad resulted in the following ac? tion : The board of directors of the Georgia Railroad Company have agreed to rent out the Georgia Railroad .and its depen? dencies to the owners of the South Caro? lina Railroad, consisting of Wm. M. Wadley, John H. Fieher, Moses Taylor Samuel Sloan and others, for the sum of $600,000 per annum. This sum is to be paid in two semi-annual instalments of $300,000. The lease is to date from the 1st day of April, 1881, and to continue for the term of ninety-nine years. The lessors, the Georgia Railroad Company, will retain the bank building and banking department, including all cash on hand, as well as $25,000 in bonds of the Compress and Elevator Company of Port Royal, and all real estate not essential to railroad purposes. The Georgia Railroad Company is to retain in its custody all the bonds and stocks of the company; but the lessors, the owners of the South Carolina Railroad, are to have the dividends and voting power of the stocks and bonds. The lessors, the Georgia Railroad Company, are to pay interest on the entire bonded debt of the Georgia Railroad and the Macon and Augusta Railroad. The lessees, the owners of the South Carolina Railroad, are to pay interest on the bonded debt of the Western Railroad of Alabama. The terms of the contract require the South Carolina Railroad owners to keep the property of the Georgia Railroad in good condition, sub? ject to inspection at the pleasure of the lessors, and they must return it in the same condition as they received it. Nor are the lessees to encumber the property with liens of any sort, or to use it in violation of the charter of the Geor? gia Railroad and Banking Company. As security for the proper compliance with the terms of this contract, the lessees are to deposit one milliou dollars In United States bonds, or other bonds of equal value; and the title to all rolling stock, as the same may be renewed from time to time, is to remain with the Georgia Railroad and Banking Compa? ny. This agreement was voted for by every membor of the board, except one, who voted No. Gen. Alexander telegraphed his assent. There was a full discussion of the ficheme, and it met with great favor from all the directors, save one. Under the agreement the organization of the Georgia Railroad is to be continued under its present officers, the lessees hav? ing full control of the railroad, however, and running it to suit themselves. The terms of the lease amount to 10 per cent, on the capital stock of the Georgia Rail? road Company, which is $4,200,000 and 6 per cent, on the bonded indebtedness, leaving $400,000 annually as a surplus, or sinking fund. The Georgia Railroad owns a two-fifths interest in the Port Royal Railroad, aod the South Carolina Railroad secures control of that. Thus the interests of the three ports of Savan? nah, Charleston and Port Royal are linked together, the owners of the South Carolina Railroad having also control of the Central Railroad. In the discussion in the board to-day it was shown that unless something of. this sort was quickly done all the South? ern roads of any importance would be gobbled up by Northern railway combi? nations, who would work them for their own interests and ruin our Southern ports. The new management will now operate a grand system of roads, consist? ing of the South Carolina, the Central, the Georgia, the Macon and Augusta, the Atlanta West Point, the Western Railroad of Alabama, and the Southwes? tern Railroad. The contract agreed upon to-day will be signed by the contracting parties to? morrow and the Georgia Railroad will be formally turned over to the lessees. The directors have full powet to sign the contract, without reference to the stock? holders, the directors being the corpora? tors under the charter. It is hinted that some of the stockholders may apply to the courts for an injunction to restrain the directors from carry'ng out the con? tract, but it is not believed that anything will come of it. The directois of the Road claim that it was absolutely essential for the safety of the throe Roads that the combination should be made. A prominent director of the Georgia Railroad stated to-night that Charleston would be more benefitted by the lease than any other place. "It will be," he said, "of immense advantage to that city. A large line of splendid steamers between New York and Charleston will be at once established. This is not a lease in dis? guise to the Central Railroad, but it is a rent for ninety-nine years to the owners of the South Carolina Railroad. Moses Taylor, one of those owners, it is true, also owns four thousand shares in tbo Central; but Mr. Sloan, another of the lessees, does not hold a share in that corporation. It is believed, however, that the South Carolina and Central Roads will work in harmony, and that Charleston and Savannah will be given equal advantages. The lease, you will observe, is not to the South Carolina Railroad proper, but to certain parties who are the owners of that road.". Augusta, April 12. The board of directors of the Georgia Railroad have leased that road to the owners of the South Carolina Railroad for ninety-nine years from April 1,1881, for $600,000 per annum. This lease is made in the interest of the Louisville aud Nashville Railroad. NICE COUNTRY. How Dakota People Pass the Winter? Burning Fonees and Hay to Keep Warm. Gary, D. T., Letter to St. Paul Pioneer-Pr?s. To-day the first mail from the East since February 19 arrived in this place by team, it having been left in Canby, Minn., twelve miles distant, some two weeks since, and was brought up by the work of the citizens, who turned out with shovels and teams and wallowed through about six feet of snow on the level to obtain it. In it were letters and papers, the latest being a copy of the Pioncer Pi ess, dated February 28. In it I noticed that grave apprehensions are entertained as to the condition of the settlers of this section; and, as rumors of all sorts are flying, I take this opportunity of settling the fears engendered thereby at rest. 1 intend relating things as they are, with no deception about it. The winter, as you are aware, has been of a character almost unparalleled. The oft-quoted but not always reliable "oldest inhabitant" is bewildered. It beats anything in his memory?which is usually quite capa? cious. Sotting in, as it did, on October 15, it took all by surprise. No one was prepared for it. Tue farmer had not threshed, and potatoes were frozen in the fround. The merchants of this country ad not ordered their winter stock, and the fuel dealers were also caught short. The previous mild winters had taught all to believe that they would always last, and that communication with the com? mercial centers of the East at all times would remain unbroken. The fallacy of such thoughts will, with this winter's ex? perience, doubtless be thoroughly eradi? cated. As soon as it became evident that WINTER IN EARNEST HAD SET IN, and when trains began to move irregu? larly an attempt was made by our mer? chants, fuel dealers and others to get in supplies for the balance of the winter. How well they succeeded is attested by the fact that there are now over 1,000 freight cars in the Sleepy Eve switch? yards awaiting shipment hitherward. The experience of this winter in this re? spect will not soon be forgotten. Since October 15 the ground has been covered with snow all the time. It has not thawed to speak of, so that at the present writing, on the level, the snow is from five to seven feet deep; while in the gulches, in some places, it is from forty to sixty feet deep. The timber in this country grows in these gulches, so that it will be seen that no wood can be cut. Under ordinary circumstances wood in sufficient quantities to tide over a bliz? zard?which also means a stoppage of all trains?could be obtained. Even this winter the supply of fuel was deemed ample to last until a new supply could be shipped in on the cars. But the block? ade coming upon us on December 25, the date of the arrival of the last through train, with no intermission up to the present time, and no prospect of any for a month hence, tbe situation is BECOMING TRULY ALARMING. The farmers are burning hay and straw, which also, owing to tbe extreme length of time which they have had to feed their stock, and having made calculations for only an ordinary winter, is getting very .scarce. The citizens of this and other towns have been burning cedar posts and lumber, and, where they can be spared, some have taken the outbuildings for fuel. Travel with teams is almost an impossibility. No attempt, in fact, has been made to "break roads," save that which brings the mails. So far but four mails have arrived since Christmas. Business is at a complete standstill. Goods of all kinds, especially groceries and provisions, flour and meats, were long since exhausted. Since the flour supply gave ouc a feed-mill, propelled by horse-power, has been engaged in the manufacture of a course, unbolted gra? ham flour, which has proved a God-send to the settlers in both town and country. Many people absolutely have nothing to eat save that coarse flour and molasses, and even the latter commodity is about exhausted. Many of the settlers of this county (Deuel), who reside at a distance from Gary, are GRINDING THIS COARSE FLOUR IN COF? FEE-MILLS ! Think of it! Being reduced to an ex? tremity which compelled you to manu? facture your own flour in a puny coffee mill, or starve! And yet that is the predicament in which many of the peo? ple of the frontier find themselves. Tough as the situation is, I have heard of no cases of starvation, but it comes so near it there is no "fun in it." Still the settlers are not disheartened, being con? tent and happy in the thought that in the East, as well, are they wading up to their necks in snow, the only difference being that there tbe tables, doubtless, contain more of the luxuries and "neces? saries of life" than do those of the set? tlers here. The weather here has not been as cold as there; in one instance only has the thermometer reached thirty-two degrees above zero, most of the time it being in the neighborhood of twenty degrees or thirty degrees below zero. The trouble is not owing to severity of the weatner, but is due to the great fall of snow, and the winds blowing the snow in great drifts, filling up road-cuts and road3 as fast as they are shoveled over or "broke," and thus rendering them impassable. The general and only reliable means of locomotion this winter is the Norwegian snow-shoe. It consists of a board eight feet long, five inches wide and half an inch thick, with one end pointed and turned up, with a raised foot-block in the middle, bo that it resembles a huge skate. In traveling over deep snow it is of great value, and an expert can easily travol thirty miles on them in a day. Farmers come to town on them, and the Postmas? ters come after their office mail on them. Our business men drive care and the "blues" away by sliding down hill upon them, and wheu one meets with a mishap and turns a somersault or two, the others give evidence of their enjoyment thereat by wild, uproarious shouts of laughter. They seem to be boys again. In this manner passes the daytime. At night, Burprise parties and dance3 engage tho attention of the people of the town and all of the country who can possibly man? age to get to town. Up to New Year's the ladies of Gary gave several leap-year parties, and they did it well, too. Since then surprise and masquerade parties have been the order of the day. Every? body attends, and all enjoy themselves, notwithstanding the scarcity of food and fuel. ? Mr. Mahone can neither eat uor sleep, the excitement incident to his new situation having nearly overcome him. ? The new translation of the Bible has been delayed a little, the translators not agreeing as to whether the word hell should be changed to hades. It was sug? gested that tho most expressive way would be to put it "Chicago" or "St. Louis," and this amendment was enthu? siastically received, until tbe more thoughtful of the learned board reflected that this would be worse than either hell or hades; so tbe amendment was not adopted. GLADSTONE'S PEACI-OFFERING. Tito Irish Land Bill Introduced In the House of Commons. London, April 7. In the House of Commons, Mr. Glad? stone rose at 5.49 P. M, to introduce the Laud Bill. He was much cheered. The House was exceedingly crowded. Mr. Gladstone said, that the bill would deal both with relations between landlord and tenant, and subjects which may be grouped as requiring an advancement from the exchequer. He said that this was the most difficult question he ever had to deal with in the course of his polit? ical life. He felt satisfaction at exchang the dreary work of repression for legisla? tion of an improving and reforming char? acter. The grounds which induced the government to deal with the land ques? tion were not that the Irish landlords are bad, not that appeals to the passions of the Irish people have been made by persons whose wild proposals are little removed from schemes of public plunder, but be? cause the Irish Land laws contain pecu lair provisions which prevent she pros? perity of the Irish tenants. According to the report of the Bessborouh commis? sion the Irish people declare they do not desire the "expropriation" of landlords or the confiscation of the property of others, but they do desire to cultivate in security the land of the country and to enjoy the fruits of their labor, paying a fair rent for land. These being the views of the Irish people, we have a broad basis on which we may proceed to found legis? lation. It is not just to Bay that legislation is necessary because of the faults of Irish landlords. They have stood their trial and as a rule have been acquitted. Although the proceedings of a limited number of them have been arbitrary, harsh and cruel, this is partly but not solely the reason for the necessity for the legislation we are about to introduce. Mr. Gladstone then referred to the partial failure of the Land Act of 1870, which he attributed mainly, though not wholly, to amendments which the gov? ernment had disapproved. He then re? viewed the reports of the Richmond and Besaborough commissions, which he de? clared, notwithstanding conflicting au? thorities and recommendations, had been of the greatest service to the government. The Richmond commission with one dis? sentient, and the Bessborough commis? sion unanimously, agreed to recommend? ing the establishment of a court to deal with differences between landlords and tenants regarding rent. The two great questions to be dealt with are first, the relations between land? lords and tenants in Ireland; second, ad? vances from the public exchequer. He declared that never, as a minister, had he submitted any measure with a greater sense of the enormous moment of the topics and propositions involved, and be asked: "Shall we hesitate to do all that can be legitimately done by the Govern? ment for the promotion of legislation, to promote the passing of an effective meas? ure to deal with the Land question of Ireland?" He then examined and justified in de? tail the principles of the measure begin-. ning with right of assignment or free sale, which he declared already existed by common law and custom. Before the Act of 1870 the right which the tenant had to assign was so small as to be worth? less. Under that Act tenant-right in the shape of compensation for disturbance, became something sensible and consider? able. It had been recognized by every member of the Bessborough commisssion. The minority of the Richmond commis? sion acknowledged it, the majority bad not a word to say against*it. He continued: The present bill does not introduce an unregulated tenant right. Provision is made for preventing it from passing into extravagance, and, for protecting the just rights of landlords bringing into fair competition the tenant's right to assign and the landlord's right to get what his land is reasonably worth. The salient point and cardinal feature I of the bill is the institution of a court to take cognizance of rent, and which will not be debarred from taking cognizance of tenure and assignment. There are strong gounds for making resort to the court optional instead of compulsory. There may be tenants who do not desire the interference of this.court. Every ex? isting tenant might call in the court to fix a judicial rent for fifteen years,during which there could bo no change, no evic? tion, except for breach of certain speci? fied covenants. The Ulster custom will remain as now, at the tenant's option, but the tenant will have the protection of the general provisions of the bill for controling the augmentation of rents. The power to contract out of the Act is given where the rent amounts to ?200 yearly. The Court will have final authority over all questions. It is to consist of three persons, one of whom must be a judge or ex-judge of the Supreme Court. Its proper seat will be at Dublin, but ex? tra commissioners, and, if necessary, sub commissioners may be appointed under control of the central commission. The civil courts established by the bill will be courts cf the first instance. It is proposed to assist tenants to pur chase tneir holdings and to invest the courts with power to purchase lands from landlords desiring to Bell, and to resell them, retaining the title as a guarantee for repayment and against subdivision. Advances will be made to owners, tenants and solvent companies formed for the purpose of reclaiming land or for other agricultural improvements, ou condition that the advances do not exceed tbo amounts which the borrower had laid out on his own behalf. Advances will also be made to assist, emigration. They will be under the control of the land commission, subject j to the consent of the treasury, aud will be made either to" colonial governments or to companies. It is not proposed to j place any limit on these advances be? yond making them secure. Mr. Gladstone concluded by saying that justice is tobe the principle to guide England in regard to Ireland. He com? pleted his speech at 8 o'clock, and was . greeted with loud cheers on taking his j seat. Sir Stafford Northcote and Mr. Shaw, member for County Cork, stated that they did not intend to discuss the bill now. Mr. Shaw said he believed the latter part of tho bill would give general satisfaction. He hoped this attempt, which he believed was made honestly and sincerely to settle the question, would be accepted in Ireland as havirg been made in that spirit. Mr. Parnell said he did not intend to express any opinion on the bill at pres? ent, but regretted that the power as to emigration was not accompanied by oth? ers enabling the Land Commission to favor emigration to lands that might be purchased for that purpose. Mr. Forster took occasion to state that the Government would be prepared to make advances to tenants for purchases and perpetual quit-rents, this being a point which Mr. Gladstone had omitted in his speech. The Land jill was then read the first time. Qncer Things in War. Men might write for a hundred years of the curious phases of war and still leave the subject fresh. War is a lottery and the prizes are shot, shell, wounds and death. Tens of thousands of men served four years in the late war and re? turned home. In a thousand cases re? cruits were killed within twenty-four hours after reaching the front. War's missiles are no respecters of persons, and I the soldier who fights an all days' battle without receiving a wound may be killed in his tent at night by the accidental dis? charge of a musket. At the battle of Franklin *he firstshell sent from the first Union field-piece to open fire, killed twenty-six Confederates. The next five shells from this same gun either failed to explode or cleared the advancing lines. In this same fight the horse of a Confederate colonel was cut Bquare in two by a shot and the rider es? caped unhurt. Ten minutes after a Union officer behind the earthworks stumbled and fell forward on the ground and broke his neck. In one of the assaults on Fort Wagner, in Charleston harbor, the iron clad fleet, assisted by land batteries numbering twenty-seven heavy cannon, bombardea the fort for two hours before killing a single soldier. From seventy to eighty heavy cannon were hurling three tons of iron into the fort each minute, and yet no one was hurt until over 300 tons" of "solid death" had been wasted. As an offset to this, witness the work of a single solid shot thrown from a Federal gunboat on the lower Mississippi. A Confederate flying battery was just taking position, and one piece had already opened fire. The Federal shot was directed at this piece. The big mass of iron struck the six poun? der square on the muzzle and upset the gun and carriage. A piece of the muzzle weighing about twenty pounds was bro? ken off, and this flew to the left and killed two men. Three men were wounded by small fragments or flying splinters. The big shot next struck and exploded a cais? son, killing three more men and wound? ing two others. From the caisson it turned to the right, kilied a' horse, smashed a wheel of a field-piece and crushed the leg of a sergeant to a bloody mass. That one shot so disorganized the battery that it limbered up and dashed away to cover. While heavy ordnance is necessary in reducing forts and earthworks, it is doubt? ful if there is any profit in the work of the big guns carried by the iron clads on the river. When McClellan fell back he had the cover of gunboats, and some writers have claimed that their fire saved his army from capture. So far as the Confederate records show, the loss by the hundreds of enormous shells thrown over the beads of our troops into the woods by these great canon, did not amount to a hundred men. They were a new thing then, and the effect of the awful crash and tremendous explosion was demoral? izing to the troops in line. A Union gunboat on the White river threw three shells into a Confederate camp and killed nearly fifty men and rout? ed a force of 700. Within a week after that event, the Confederate General, Shelby, planted four pieces of flying artillery on the levee within 400 feet of the same gunboat at anchor, and without the least cover for men or guns, kept up the firing for over an hour, or until the gunboat backed out of it and steamed away. The chances in a lottery can be figured down fine, and a certain per cent, of es? capes is allowed in a steamboat explosion, but he who goes to war has nothing to console him. He may dodge a 200-pound shell and be killed by two buckshot. He may receive a dozen bullets and live on, or at first one may be fatal. He may ride in the wildest charge unhurt, and he may be killed by a stray bullet beside his camp fire.?Detroit Free Press. "He Get's Drnuk."?A Sketch for Yonng People. "He's the smartest young man in our class." "Yes, but he gets drunk." "Oh but he's fine looking, so noble and so talented withal! His''composition yesterday was the very best in our divis? ion. He writes splendidly! They say he's writing for a magazine, no older than he is, and not out of school yet!? won't he be a great man though, some day !" "No, I don't think he will." "Why not?" "He gets drunk." "Oh, that's nothing; a gcod many smart men get drunk. Every young man has wild oats to sow; and because a fel? low gets a little boozy once in a while, I would not condemn him forever ; quite likely he'll out grow it when he gets older and sees the folly of it." "More likely that will outgrow him, and as to his getting a little boozy, I'm afraid he was a good deal so when the boys found him beside the walk the other night, and had to carry him to his room, dodging around street corners and skulling through by-ways so that none of the professors wonldsee him. I tell you, a person who drinks at all is not to be depended on. The only young men that I nave any confidence in are those who let intoxicating liquors entirely alone." "Well, I don't care; he's good and smart, anyhow, and 1 like him." "I don't; he gets drunk !" So the conversation ran on between two schoolmates, who were walking just ahead of me. Ah, how those words, "He gets drunk," kept ringing in my ear! Possessed of a noble manhood and a glorious intellect; blessed with the greatest and best of God's gifts; having the love and approbation of teachers, admired and looked up to by associates; the pride and hope of a fond father, intertwined in the heart and life of a doting mother, united in close and ten? der bonds with brothers and sisters; holding in his hand the honor and good name of the institution with which he is connected, of the society in which he mingles, and yet?"gets drunk I" As a natural consequence that young man who drinks will generally blight tho manhood that is within him, change to curses the blessings that are upon him; bring to the dust whatever high-born aspirations, whatever longings for great? ness, glory and immortality may be his ; blast the fondest hopes of parents, put out the brightness of their future in the darkness of disappointment, pain and sorrow; bring shame and reproach upon brothers and sisters; trample upon tho love and confidence of his fellows; shut himself out from all goodness, purity, usefulness and happiness; blot out the image of God that is stamped upon him, and drag himself down lower than the brutes. Aye, so surely does he shut himself out from heaven as "he gets drunk !"?Geraldinc Gcrmaine. ? At an auction sale in New York Friday night, the Gutenberg Bible, the first book printed nith movable type, was sold for $8,000. ? A Missouri woman, after burying her sixth husband, ha3 married her first love. All the dead husbands lie side by side. Young men determined to marry should bo careful to inquire into this thing called first love. The New Programme for Garfield. The deadlock in the senate, and in republican politics generally, i3 about to be broken by the adoption of a new pro? gramme by the president, under the direction of Secretary Blaine.. Themar, being democratic, does not affect to be the official organ of a cabinet which we have opposed ever since Garfield con? ceived it; but all our predictions in regard to the president have proven so accurate, that we may claim the implicit credence of the country for this revela? tion of his present intentions. We are given to understand, from authentic, sources, that, within a fort? night at most, if the deadlock be contin? ued, Garfield will withdraw all the nomi? nations now before the senate, thus leaving the senators with nothing to do aud no excuse for prolonging their ses? sion. As soon as the senate adjourns the president will make the appoint? ments, and throw the onus of the situa? tion upon Conkling and the stalwarts, relying upon the intrinsic merit of his appointments and the explanations of his friends to set him right with his party and the country. The advice and consent of the senate having been withheld from the president by the stal? warts, trick of gaining time by arguing about Mahone's bargain and sale, Gar? field feels justified in taking this bold stand and acting for himself. In order to carry out this programme, the president will promptly cease tosend any more nominations to the senate, aud the country will understand from this cessation that, unless tbe deadlock be immediately broken by the republican senators themselves, the remaining por? tion of the new policy will be enforced. We should not besurprised to see tbe presi? dent's message withdrawing the nomina? tions accompanied by a plain statement that he has no further business to sub? mit to the senate. The stalwarts will then be forced to take their choice between an adjournment or a perpetual sess on, upon the plan of the French convention, to watch Garfield and pre? vent his appointments.?New York Star. Pistol- in the Senate. Calling upon an ex-democratic mem? ber of congress from Louisiana, a few days ago, he showed me tbe handsomest pair of dueling pistols I have ever seen. They were made by Purdy, of London. The barrels are of the finest Damascus, the locks are of the choicest tempered steel and tbe handles of polished rose? wood. The pistols were made so that they could be loaded either from the muzzle or the breech, according to the stipulations of the combatants. The triggers are so adjusted that the slightest touch will fire the weapon. Tbe owner of the pistols is an expert shot, and some idea of the accuracy of the arms can be formed when it is stated that he has shot tance of one hundred yards. These pis? tols have been in request on more thau one occasion during the past ten years. The last time they were applied for was prior to the scene which occurred in the senate between Senators Conkling and Laraar. The events of the few hours which preceded the memorable inter? change of fighting words between those gentlemen had convinced several south? ern senators that serious trouble was brewing. Some of them looked for an altercation on the floor, and it was de? termined to make the expected altercation a bloody one, if need be. The two pistols were taken from the residence of their owner to the senate chamber, and were loaded in one of the committee rooms. When Mr Conkling delivered his scorch? ing criticism of Lamar those pistols were in^the pockets of men upon the floor. And after the controversy had ended without the interchange of blows the pistols were retained by friends of Mr. Lamar, possibly without hi3 knowledge in anticipation of a hostile meeting between the two senators. The owner of the pistols says he has loaued them once or twice to persons desirous of adjusting difficulties, but in each case a peaceful solution of the trouble has been reached before exchanging shots.?Philadelphia Press. How 1o Make Candy. A number of varieties of candy are easily made at homo with little trouble or expense. Besides the enjoyment of making them, they can be relied upon to be pure, a quality not possessed by most of the stuff purchased at the shops. Below will be found receipe3 for several different kinds, the ingredients for which are easily procured: Sugar Candy.?Mix two pounds of white sugar with a cupful of water, boil and skim it, then add four tablespoonfuls of sweet cream, four of vinegar and but? ter the size of an egg. Boil until it will harden in cold water, but not until it becomes brittle. Flavor to taste, Nut Candy.?Mix a pound of brown sugar with three tablespoonfuls of water. When this boils add a quarter of a pound of butter and continue to cook until it gets thick and ropy, then put in the nuts; take it from the fire and stir until it grains. Pour into buttered plates and cut when nearly cold. Cocoanut Candy.?Pare and cut the cocoanut into thin strips, or grate it on a coarse grater. Dissolve half a pound of granulated sugar in two tablespoonfuls of water, put it over the fire and as soon as it boils stir in half a pound of the cocoa nut meat. Continue to stir until it is boiled to a flake, then pour it into a but? tered pan and cut it in any shape you wish, when nearly cool. Cream Candy.?Moisten a pound and a half of granulated sugar with half a cup of cold water, add a quarter of a teaspoonful of cream tartar, a teaspoon ful of powdered gum arabic and a table spoonful of vinegar. Boil until it will harden in cold water, flavor with vanilla, rose or orange, and pour it into buttered plates to cool, then pull until white, stretch into wide, thin strips and cut it Chocolate and Cream Candy.? Boil a pound of sugar with half a cup of cold water, uutil on stirring a little in a sauce plate without water, it becomes sugary. When it reaches this point take it from the stove aud stir until it begins to harden. Put half into a separate dish and add an ounce of grated chocolate, portion smoothly in a buttered pan and place the white candy evenly over it. Cut into small squares. Molasses Candy.?Heat a kettle hot and butter, it, then pour in a quart of molasses and a cup of sugar. Boil stead? ily for twenty minutes, stirring to pre? vent burning and boiling over. Try it by dropping a little in cold water; if it hardens immediately it is done, other? wise, it must be boiled longer. Stir in a teaspoonful of pulveriseu soda before turning out. Walnut, hickory nut or hazel nut meats may be added to this candy, and a little of it saved to make pop corn balls. Use just as little candy as possible in these balls and let none of it get on the outside, where they should look perfectly white. birds on th ith them at a dis off. ? Paper coffins are a reccut lu-xur The History of Needles. A writer in Hardware?* journal which deals largely in rcetaliferous articles,says: The needle is one of the most ancient in? struments of which wc have any recor . The modem needle is a pointed inslu ment having an eye, and is used for car? rying a thread, some kind of fabric, or other material. It is probable that the needles of those people who lived in very ancient times had no eye?, as instruments of bone are found in the caves that were inhabited by ancient people of France, and the needles of ancient Egypt, which are described as being of bronze, do not appear to have been made with eyes. These needles have also been found in the ruins of Herculaneum. The first account that history gives of the manufacture of needles is that they were made at Nuremberg in 1460, and while the date of their first manufacture in England is in doubt, it is said to have commenced in that country about 1545, and it is asserted that the art was prac? ticed by a Spanish negro, who died with? out disclosing the secret of his process. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth this industry was revived and has been continued ever since. Christopher Greening and a Mr. Darner established needle factories at Long Drendon, near Redditch, in England in 1650, and these were soon followed by other London nee? dle makers. Redditch is still the center of manu? facture. The eyes of the earliest needles were square. Many unsuccessful at? tempts were made to bring out the so called "drill-eyed" before they were fin? ally introduced in 1826. Two yeara later the burnishing machine in which the eyes of needles are polished was comple? ted. In this machine the needles are strung on a steel wire, which is caused to revolve rapidly, and thereby impart a beautiful finish to the eye. The process of hardening needles was for many years accomplished by casting them while red hot into cold water. By this means a large proportion of them became crooked, and the services of a large number of workmen were re? quired to straighten them. In 1840 the substitution of oil for water took place, and as this caused a large number of workmen to be thrown out of employment a riot took place at Redditch, and the introducer of the oil process was driven out of the town. The machinery for needes has now been brought to such a state of perfection that, from the coil of steel wire to the finished needle, the machines used perform their various operations in a manner that may be said to be almost automatic. News and Gossip. ? Mr. Coukling is desirous of having it understood that he is the czar of New York. ? Secretary Kirkwood lived in Ohio twenty years. Otherwise his life bnB been spotless. ? Bob Ingersoll has no faith in Satan ?Chicago Tribune. But Satan has a good deal of faith in Bob Ingersoll. ? The Prussian Prince William has been obliged to decline 3,000 wedding presents. Oh, General Grant, you're not adapted to royalty. ? The Christian Index, a religious paper of Atlanta, uses type made from bullets which the contending armies ex? pended before that city was captured by Sherman's indomitable legions. ? The richest immigrants who come to this country are the Russian Menuor. ites. Twenty families of these people recently gave the Treasurer of Castle Garden $85,000 to keep for them over night. ? The President is said to be firm in the position he has taken with reference to the Mormon peculiar institution, and will see that it is "stamped out." The anti-polygamy must go, and the Mormons bad better get an anti-polygamy "revela: tion" readv for use. ? Of the 1,586,481 hiles of cotton manufactured annually in the United States, 1,020,907 bales, or 30 per cent, of the whole amount, arc consumed in the States of Connecticut, New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Rhode Island?36 per cent, being used in Massachusetts alone. ? The Cincinnati, Commercial says : "Of course the President does not desire to antagonize the Grant men, but if the Grant men go on with their pretentious that they are pet children of the Lord, and that all other Republicans are of an inferior sort, there will be trouble in the meeting-house." ? A. Kansas girl named Sleepy mar? ried recently an actor by the name of Tired. When tho ceremony was over a thoughtless young lady gtust saug "I am tired now and sleepy too, come put me in?" But some one coughed very loud? ly, and there was an agonizing silence about four yards long. ? More than half the Republican vote of Maryland is colored. Maryland has 1,312 Federal office-holders, who receive nearly $900,000 a year; of these but 24 are colored men, and their salaries are but $13,312. Divide the offices fairly, and the Democratic party would get bul? bous with Radical converts. ? The flow of gold to this country continues without abatement. The steamship "Republic," which arrived on the 25th of March, brought $1,000,000 ; the "Wyoming," on the 22d, brought an? other million, and the Bank of England has parted with over $600,000 for ship? ment to New York. The drain of gold from France has been so serious that the bank has suspended gold payments, and in the Paris market gold is at a premium of one-half of one per cent. ? When Hannibal Hamlin, elected as a Democrat to a seat in the United States Senate, chose to be himself a Republican, he announced that purpose in the Senate, resigned his seat and retuj .led to Maine to make the canvass for Governor. That was in 1856. Mr. Hamlin has but just now, in his old age. retired from the Sen? ate to a remainder of days in private life, and has been received at home with all honors. The virtues of this example might be recommended to Mr. Mahone, of Virginia.?Cliicago Times. ? Morris Grant, a colored man, aged 44 years, and said to have been born on James Island, S. C, was recently engaged in a pugilistic encounter in New York. It is not stated whether this successful bruiser is directly or indirectly connected with the General of that name. After a few rounds he defeated his antagonist. The newly enfranchised have been prom? inent in politics in this State, but we be? lieve that this is the first instance that a colored native of South Carolina has re? ceived "honorable mention" in the pugilistic ring. ? A Louisville admirer of Bob Ingcr soll is bringing up his children on Bob's plau?that is, to allow the little ones to follow their own bent; "to be as free as the birds,'* he poetically expresses it. The youngsters have got on so well under the new departure that their venerable grandfather is now addressed as "you old fool" and "you stinking old devil." If the old gentleman ventures on any re? marks, the little ones tell him to "shut his mouth" and "keep still, there." The father feels much encouraged, and wishes his family were even larger.