Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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BY E. B. MURRAY & CO. ANDERSON, S. C.. THURSDAY MORNING. OCTOPER 21 1 MMT VOLUME XVI.-NO. 1.1 nu, ambiattk i lUJtu Thc Threatened pestrutUun or the Himplo Faith of ?ie Fathers t>y th? VUIH Dee?l?S of Modern ri?maonitt/r?-An Attack Cfarls tlana Mutt Met>t. Allanta Cunttitution. NEW YOBK, Juuuary 2G. Tho dread ? '?ti ot'the tint?s, aa I see it, i? tho growing skepticism in the leading ciiclcs of thought und HUtion throughout the country-u swelling tide of atheism and unbelief that hua already ?wept over many of tho o'ltposts of religion. I am not alarmed by tho fact that Henry Ward Beecher ?boule hands with Ingersoll ou a public aland, and baauiuce swung beyond the limit of orthodoxy, any mort than I am reasured by thc tact that Stephen li, Tyug lias, by iud irsing thc miracles ai Lout dre, swung bnck into thc stronghold of superstition. These nro more personal expression* that may mean much or little. They muy be claped witb thc complaint or Dr. Talmage lliat hu found religion dead in u circuit ol 3,U'JO m i lea ?>f travel lust year, which complaint is balanced by thc assertion of Dr. Hall that the growth of religious sentiment was never so decisive us nt present. I have noted, in thc fi rut pince, that tho latter day writers-novelists, scientists and essayists-are urraying themselves in great loree either openly on the tudu ot skepticism, or are treating religious sen timent with a readiness ?if touch und lack of reverence, that is hardly less dangerous. I nved not run over the list of scientists, beginning with Tyndall, Huxley and Stephens, that have raised the banner ol negation-nor recount the number of nov elists who follow the lead of ?weet George Eliot, the sad und gentle woman, who allied sentiment to positivism PO subtly, and who died with the promise on her lips thal her life would "becathered like a scroll in the lomb, unread furevei" who said thal she "wanted no future that broke lt? ties of the past," und bas gone to meet tho God whoso existence she de nied. We ull know that within thu past twenty years lhere lins been an alarming increado of ntheism among the leading writers in ail brunches. But it is with the growth of skepticism among the people that, hts astonished me. I am not misled by ihe eloquence of Ingersoll nor the noisy blasphemy ofilia imitators. I was with five journalists and I found that every one of them were skeptics, two of them in the most emphat icseuse. In a sleeping car with eight pas Munger.--, average peopic, i take it, I found that three wore confirmed atheists, three were coubtful about it, and two were old-fashioned Christiana. ? young friend of mine, a journalist und lecturer, asked me a few months ugo what I thought of his preparing a lecture that would out do Ingersoll - bis excuse being that ho found Ingersoll so popular. I asked Henry Walterson once what effect Ingersoll's lectures had on ihe Louisville puulic. "N<i more than a the.lineal rep resentatiou," was the quick reply. Wat terson was wrong. I have never eceu a man who come away I rom nu Ingersoll lecture as stout of faith and as strong iu heart as he was when he wem there. I do not know that this spirit of irreli gi?n and unbelief has made much inroad on the churches. It ia as yet simply eal ing away the material upon which the churches must recruit und perpetuate themselves. There is a large body ol men and wornt n -the bulk probably . foui population-that is between the church uuil its enemies-not members of the church or open professors of religion, they have yet had re lure ncc for the rligious beliefs, have respected the rule of con science, and believed in the existence of one Supreme Being. These men and women have been useful lo the cause ol religion, in thal they held all iheoutposu about, tho camp of the church militant, and protected il with enwrapping censer vaiisin mid sympathy. Il is lilia clues of people ihat ure now yielding to lue assaults of thc infidel. Having none O. the inspiration of religion, and possesing neither the enthusiasm of converts nor the faith of veterans, they are easily be wildered and overcome. It is a careless and unthinking multitude, on which the ulhi'iets ?TC working, and the very inertia of u mob will carry thousand:, if ibu drill of the mass once sets to Hie ocean. Ami the man or woman who rill; s on the eb bing tide goes never lo return. Religious b-dielsXiucc --battered are hardly mended. Tho church may reclaim its sinners, bul its skeptics, never. It is not surprising thnt this period of critical investigation into ull creeds and beliefs hus come. If. is a logical epoch, come in its appointed lime. It is one ot thc penalties of progress. Wc have stripped all tho earth of mys tery, anti brought ail ils phenomena nu der (he sqiiaie und compass-so that we might have expected science lo doubt tho mystery of lifo itself, und to plant its theodalite for a measurement of ihe eter nal, and pitch its erosible for un analysis of thu soul. It was natural that the Greek should be led to the worship of his physical gods, for the earth itself was a mystery that ho could not divine-a vastness and vagueness thal he could not comprehend. But we have fathomed ila uttermost secret-felt its most secret pulse-girdled it with steel-harnessed il and trapped it to our liking. Wbut was mystery is now demonstration-what was vague is now npp.-.runi. Science bus dispelled illusion after illusion-struck down error ufler error-made plain al! that was vaguo on earth, and re duced every mystery to demonstration. It is little wonder then that, at la .i, hav u. ... ..j.......i ..ii .i... niggl,.}... nf ter J?.r..~T?? "mnn"!??'u??'?'?~ I*.". IV. I ?>? ., -.buurcu .-. ~. j ?..si..j to a fixed formula, is should assail the mystery of lifo it?elf, mid wurned the world that science would yet furnish the key to the problem of the soul. Tue obelisk, plucked fruin tho heart of Egypt, re.-1 upon n shore lhat was us vaguely and infinitely bey ind i he knowledge or aspi ration of its builders ns the shores ot' u star that lights tho spaces beyond our vision aro to u* today-the Chinaman jostles us in the street, and the centuries i hat look through his dreamy eyes have lost all sense of wonder-ab i pi that were freighted from tho heart nf Africa lie in our harbor, and our market places ar. vocal with more longues than bewildered the builders at Babel-a letter al ip? around tho earth in ninety days ami the messages of nu n flash along tho bcd of the ocean-tra tell the secrets of the uni verse us a woman tells her beads, mid the stars whir) servilely through orbits thal science ha? defined-we even read ol ititi infclaul when thu comet that plunged in dim illimitable distance, where even the separate ?tar* nre lost in mist and vapor, shall whirl again into the vision of man ; a wanderer thai could not shake off tho in exorable supervision of science evett in the chill and measureless depth nf thc universe. .Fit time is this, then, fur science to make its iast and supreme as sault-lo challenge the last anti supreme mystery-defy the last ami supreme force. And the church mny c. i rd itT If fur the coallie As the pope has said : "It is no longer a rebel thai threatens the church. It ta a belligerent !" It is no lon ?rr a shading of creed. It is tho upat-Ual of all creeds thal is aliempud.'. it io iai|Kjdaiblo to otuioeive th? tnUvry and mc lilinUuees that .will 'como iu tho wake of this spreading atheism. The ancient/* witnessed the fall of a lui ad red creeds, hut tit ii 1 had a hundred left. The vast mystery of life hung above them, but was lit with religions that were nprin kled as stars in its depths. From a host of con i was their air made rich with fra granee, and warmed from afield of altars. No bi?s was irreparable. Hut with us it ix different. We have reached the end. Destroy our belief and we ure left hope le*?, helpless, blind. Our air will be urdirles, chill, colorless. Huxley, the leader of thc positivists, himself confess es.-I quote from memory-"Never, in the history of man, has a culamity so te r ri lict befallen the race rn? thin advancing deluge, bluck with destruction, unrooting our most cherished hopes, engulfing our mont precious creed, and burying our highest life in mildness desolation." And yet Mr. Huxley urges on this de luge with furious energy. Tho uggres ?iveness of the atheist is inexplicable to me. Why they rdiould insist on destroy ing a system that is pure and ennobling when 'ney have nothing tn replace it with- wLy tiley should shatter a faith that coiors life, only to leave it colorier -why they should rob lifo of nil that it makes life worth living-why they should take away the consolation that lifts men ?nd women from tho despair of bereave ment und desolation, or the light that guides the leet of struggling humanity, or the hope that robs the gravo of it? terror -why tiley should do all this, and then stand empty-handed and unrespousivc be t?re the yarning and supplicating people they have stripped of all that is pre cious, ia more than I can understand. Thc best atheist^ to my mind, that I ever knew, was un? who sent his children lou convent foi their education, "I cannot lift thc blight of unbelief from my own mind," he said, "Lut it shall never full upon the minds of my children if I can help it. Aa for me, I would give uli I have on earth for the old faith that I woro so ilghily mid threw off r.-? carlessly. Tiie practical eficqla of the growth of atheism are too terrible to contemplate. A vessel on un unknown sea thut bas lost itu rudder und is tossed in a storm timi's the picture. It will not do for Mr. Ingersoll to say timi n purely human code ol' right und wrong can be establish ed to which the passions of men can be anchored and from which they van swing with safety. It will not do for him to cite his own correct lifo or tho cor rect lives of tho skeplicul scicutisln or of leading 'skeptics, ns prool i inti ilnbeliof cmCS liol bring liedme These men are held to decency by a priJe of position and by a sense Ui special re sponsibility. It is thc musses that athe ism will demoralize and debnucb. It is lite thousands of si nple men und women who, loosed of the restraint that is abso lute and imperious will, that will drift upon the currents of their passions, col liding every where, and bringing confu sion und ruin. The vastly greatest in Silence that religion lias exercised, as far a? tue world goes, IIHS been the conserva live pu -Miro that it bus put upon ihe bulk of people, who ure outside ol tho church. With the pressure barely felt and still lesa aektiowledgtd, it but preserved the integrity of society, kepi the dangerous instincts within bounds, re' pressed savagery und hold the balance Conscience has dominated men who nev er confessed even lo themselves, its power und the dim, religious memories of child hood, breathing imperceptibly over lour. ua?tesol ?in und brutality, have dissulvec clouds nf passion ill tin souls of veterana Atheism will not vor!-: ita full effect ol this class of men. Even after they huvi murdered conscience by withholding lin breath upon which it lives, its ghost wi! grope through the chain bera of their brail menacing und terrible, and to the last "Creeping on a broken wing Through cells of madness, huunt of horror nnd feai !" It is on the young men and women the generation bred in thc chill ntmos phere of unbelief-that atheism will di its worst. Willi no traditions in whicl lo guide their faith, no tillar before whicl they can d?> reverence, no ideal lo whicl their eyes can turn, no standard loft; enough lo satisfy, or steadfast enough i assure-willi no uplifting that is not lim Heil, no aspiration thul bus wings, um no enthusiasm that is nut absurd-wit life but ii fever ibut kindles in ihocrudl and dies in the grave. Truly atheist nicola youth willi a dread prospect-sui len, storm-swept, hopeless. lu the conflict that is coming, th church is impregnable-because th chinch is right-hecuuae it is founded o u rook. Tiie scientists boast that the have evolved everything logically froi thciirsi purticlesol matter-that, from th crystal rock to sentient mun id a .-dead way, marked by natural gradation Tiny even say that, il a new bulk wei thrown of from tho sun to-morrow, would spin in the space nf the earl and the same development lhat lu crowned thc earth with life would tuk pluce in thu new world. And yet Tyt dall says, "Wc have exhausted physic and reached its very rim, and ye?, a might mystery looms up before us." And th mystery is thc kindling of the aton?a < the brain with tho vital spark. The: science is bullied, for there is thc si premu force that veiled eternity from ll vision of mun. Tile church is not bound to the techn cai 11 les of argument in this contest, baa the perfect right to hay ai nay, logically, that something mu rest on faith-that there must I something in thc heart or so before convictions can he made perfci ?j uni na no Cnfliillt impress willi cc.'-tuci and trunsports of eartiiiy iovc a man wi has never loved, of paint a rainbow iu ii man who has never seen. And yet ll time has passed when religion can ilismi tho skeptics with a shriek or a sneer, read one little book u year ago, gent! firm, decisive book that demonstrated tl necessity and existence ol the Supr?me T. i ng, as clearly anti KS closely us it ia al h mutual proposition was worked out. ll tne strength ol the church is, after all, l hiiihminded consistency of its inemhc -the warmth and earnestness of it-t eva gelism-the purity and gentleness of ; apostle*. Il tim t reed-? are put at peai and every mun who wei'-? the Christi. Armor will go forili to plead thc came the meek and lowly Lfazarine, whose lo ?teals into the heurt of men, ns tho bal of flowers into the pulses of asummer eve ing-thou we shall sec the hosts of doti add skepticism put to rout. Of course I have no business to wr nil ibis. Il is the province of tho preat ors to talk of these things, und many doubt will resent as impertinent even I suggestion of n worldling. And yet seems so sure tn me that in tho swill a silent m. r-hnling of the boats of nobel and irr? ligion there ts prei- io I the i prymest tesl? that the faith ol Christi! oas ever undergone, that I felt impel to write. There tire men, outside of i a-live workers of the church, who hi nil reverence for its institutions ? love for its leaders whoso hearts are stir now and then hy a faith caught at mother's knee, or the memory of no ra.a and happy moment-who want nee, il not in the fold of the chosen, lo isl in the shadow of a Christian sei meut, and among a peoplo dominated Christian faith-and who hope to die at j last, in tho same trust and peace that' moved the dying Shakespeare-wisest, sweetest mind ev^r clothed in mortal I flesh-when he said: "J commend niy soul into the hands of j God, my creator, hoping and nssnred'.y believing through the o??ly merits of Je sus Christ, my Savior, tobe made par- ' taker of life everlasting." H. W. O. Decorated Americans. The bill introduced ' ? Senator Eaton ; early last session, and passed by the Sen uto last June, authorizing certain persona t<> accept decorations and presents from foreign governments, and regulating the presentation of such titles and presenta hereafter, passed the House a few days since, end now needs only tho signature of the President lo make it a law. Section 2 of the bill omi the rather queer provision that no ration or j oilier thing accepted und*> .'provisions of this law, hereloloreaccepted,or which j may hereafter be accepted, shall be pub licly shown or exposed upon thc person of the officer receiving the same. Section 2 says : "That hereafter any present, decora tion, or other thing, which shall he con ferred or presented by any loreign gov- j ernment to any officer of the United ! States, civil, naval or military, shall be ' ?ende-ed through the Department of State, and not to tho individual in per son." The beneficiaries under this Act will be Joseph Irish, of thc United States Marines, who is authorized lo accept from the Spanish government the Grand Cross of Naval Merit of tho F?cond class, for services rendered the officers and crew of lin; Spanish war vessel Pizarro. Lieutenant Benjamin H. Buckingham, of the Navy, to accept from the Presi dent of the French Republic the Cross ' of the Legion of Honor, in appreciation of services in connection willi the Expo sition of 1878 at Paris. , General Francis A. Walker to accept the decoration of Knight Commander of 1 ihe Swedish Order of Wasa. tendered him by the government of Sweden, and 1 also that of Commander of the Spanish : Order of Isabella, from the government of Spain, as a recognition of his services , as chief of the bureau of awards at the Centennial Exhibition ni Philadelphia. ' Lieutenant Henry Metcalfe, of tho * army to accept from tho Sultan of Tur key a decoration of ihe Order of tho Osniunie, tendered as an evidence of the ! Sultan's appreciation of the ellon s of that officer in conducting the inspection ' of arms and ammunition manufactured for the Imperial Ottoman government at 1 Providence, R. I., and Bridgeport and Nf-w Haven, Conn. j Rear-Admiral John J. Almy to accept a decoration of thc Order of Kemeha- ! mena the First, which has been tendered 1 io him by the King of the Hawaiian Islands RS an evidence ol his apprecia tion of that officer. Lieutenant Z. L. Tanner, of the navy, 1 late commanding the Pacific mail steamer ! City of Pekin, lo accept from the Japa nese government a pair of flower vases 1 and a lacquered box in acknowledgment . of his services in rescuing four Japanese seamen from a wreck on the Pacific ! Ocean on the J Ul h of February, 1877. Lieutenant Francis V. Greene, of the army, to accept from the Emperor ot ' Russia a decoration of the third chu-, of ' the order of Saint Anne, for bravery ' under fir? ot the Shipka Pass, August 23 1 and 24, 1877, and thc assault of Plevna, ' September ll, 1877 ; also, a decoration of ' tho fourth class of tho order of Saint 1 vladimir, for bravery under fire during ! the passage of the Balkans, December 25 1 to 21, 1877, and at the battle of Philip- 1 popolis, January 15 to 17, 1878, also the 1 campaign medal conferred upon all per sons present in the campaign. William J. Wilson, assistant surgeon ' in the United Stales army, lo accept irom the Khedive of Egypt a decoralion of ibo order of Nejidieli, for gallantry in bailie io the action near G tira, Abyssinia, ' March 7,1876. Commodore J. W. A. Nicholson, to ac- ' cepl from thc Spanish government the Grand Cross ol Naval Merit, with u white ' badgo, as u mark of appreciation for the ' services rendered to the officers nnd crew of thr* wrecked war ship Pizarro.-Na tional Republican. How SHE GOT INTO TUE DEI'AIIT MEST.- Washington, January 25.-One | bright morning last Spring ino Hon. John Sherman wus silting in his ollie? when suddenly a bright haired, pretty girl dashed into his presence. Sho was apparently lti, and had about her an air , of business which even tho cool gaze of ??lie Ohio statesman could not trans form into maiden fright or flurry. De liberately taking a seat, the girl said: . "Mr. Suet mau, 1 have como herc to get a place." "There are nono vacant," was ', the reply. "I know you can gi vu me a place if you want tn, andi think I nm us uiucb entitled to ?tas anybody. My luther spent his life in ihe United States army, and when ho died he left nothing. Tho responsibility of tho family is on mo, ami I think I have got as good a claim as any one else on ihe government." "What kind of aplace do you want?" I don't care what it is, but I must have work ut once." Mr. Sherman ns?uied her '.hut thi rs were isa applicant" for every ono place, ?nd there was very Utile chance. She very deliberately told him that such an answer wouldn't do, and declared that if he would allow her she would come up '.?. cry day and black his alines, if hfl couldn't Ho ?u ti..:- fini- linr J 'Pl.? - ....... .......I. ~-:.i. i--J-. - I initiation und charmed by ber bright face and her sprightly manner. Ho told her to come buck. In less than a week she had a good place in the Treasury, which she still holds. Every morning she walks to the department with the step of a business littlo woman who is pt.md that her delicate hands can bo the support of others. She receives $100 a month and supports in comfort her mother und sister. This brave, bright young woman is Miss Mary Macaulcy. formerly nf Atlanta. Her father was a lieutenant in the Eighteenth Infantry. Cor. Atlanta (Qa.) Republican. - Church debt-raiser Kimball has vis ited one hundred and sixty churches and raised, directly or indirectly,?onie eleven oMllion dollars from church numbers. - A telegram from St. Loni?, January 26, says : Lieut. Chartes Gibson, of the United Staten Army died here yesterday of ioflammution of th" brain, believed to bo the result of circumstances which oc curred while he vt ? tl West Point. One day, v. h i lu on parade, a spider 30t into one of his ear?. By the rules he was not al lowed to raise bis hand, and stood in tho ranks more than au hour, while tho spi der worked ita way in the ear. When ' dismissed, his ear was full of blond, and the insect could not be removed for two days. This caused a corrosion nf tho bone next tn the bruin, and gave him n good deal of trouble. He went to his regi ment in Northern Dakota, and, after performing considerable service and suf fering from a revere attack of sickness he came home, expecting to resign, but, as it proved, only to die. A SCENE IN PABLUKENT. Despotic Po Tr er: to Obtained by Eng land Over Ireland la ? Despotic Man ner. LONDON, February 2, ISSI. In the House of Common* hist night Winiam Henry Smith, conservative, and formerly first Lord Admiralty, ruse to a question of order, and said that Mr. Fur nell was ove of thu eleven members who iiad enoken thirty-three times on minions for adjournment. Mr. Smith summoned Dr. Playfair to miine. .Mr. Furnell us be ing guilty of wilful obstruction. Mr. Playfair ruled that u aullkieiit CU80 iras not mude out for such pioccedings. Mr. Milbank, conservative member for York shire, rose to a point of order. He said that Mr. Iliggur bad just applied to him the epithet of "fool," with a foul prefix. Dr. Playfair ruled that tho expression witB disorderly. Another motion fur ad journment having been negatived, Mr. Iliggar rosc?n a mutter of privilege. He raid that Mr. Milbank hud crossed 'he floor of the Hoii^e and called him un im pudent scoundrel. Mr. Iliggar denied that ho had culled Mr. Milbank a had. Mr. Milbank ?aid be distinctly heard Mr. Biggnr use tho expression. Dr. Playfair said it was thc duty of Mr. Milbank to apologize to tho House for culling Mr. Iliggar a scoundrel, but not to Mr. Fig gur. Mr. Milbank then made nu upology in accordance willi lin: decision of tho deputy speaker. The incident termi nate J, and the House resumed the deb.-te. Mr. Commono, home-rule member for Roscommon, resumed bis seat ut 3.45 ibis morning, alter having spoken nearly two hours. Several members rose to u puint of order while be was speaking, but tho Deputy Speaker, Playfair, eluted that aliiiough Mr. Commono was greatly try ing the patience ot thc House, he was in order. Tho House was still in sceeion at 5 o'clock a. m. 10 a. m.-The debato continued until 0 o'clock this morning, when thu Speak er, who bau resumed the chair, relieving Deputy Speaker Playfair, declined tc allow the debute to continue longer. A scene of great excitement then occurred, Al 9.30 a. m. a division was taken willi the re.-ult thal the government obtained ?eave to bring in a bill for tho protection nf lile und properly in Ireland by ii volt [>f Hil to 10. The home-rule member: llieti left the Houso in a body, and tin bill wai rend lor the first lime. Tin. .ecnnd reading was fixed for noon to day The House then adjourned, having sa continuously for about 42 hours. It is understood that the appeal to thi authority of the chair, which eventually ivas succes>ful in slopping the obstruetioi in the House, was agreed upon by Un leaders of both the liberal and conserva live parlies. Thc final speech before th intervention of the Speaker was by Mi iliggar, who concluded by expressing hi wish for the success of leiiiaiiisin. Du ring Mr. Biggar'a speech Premier G .^'J done entered liie House ?iud was lundi idieered. lt was ut this point that lb Speaker resumed the chair ut 9 o'clock : ill. He immediately auid : "During forty hours tho House lui been occupied by repeatetl motions ft Adjournment, supported by small minot ?ties in opposition lo the general sense < the Hmi.se. A crisis luis arisen, wilie demands the prompt interposition of ll chair and tho House. A meusure, ri commended us urgent in Her Majesty speech a month ugo, is boiug arrested t un inconsiderable minority, ll is uece <ary to vindicate the credit and uuthorii if the House. I um satisfied thai I sha best carry oto ils sviii, und muy rely upi its support, if I declino lo call upon at more members lo speak, and immediate proceed to put the several questions to vote. Ii will be necessary lor the Uou lo assure a moro efficient control over i iebtltes or entrust greater authority tue chair." The Speaker was repeatedly and e Lbusiasiically cheered. The vote of I1 to 19 on the division, at 9.30 u. m., w that on which the amendment toudjou the debute was rejected. The Speak then put the motion that leave be giv Lo bring in the protection bill. T home-rulers here for two minutes shoutt 'Privilege!" "Privilege!" ami then, the Speaker uti11 remained standing, th all left tho House in u body, bowing the Speaker us they did so, ihe otu members cheering their departure. T motion that leave bc giveu tu bring thft bill r;ns then unanimously agreed Mr. Gladstone then announced thal would move on Thursday that if, ou i lieu being given that the business of I House is urgent, und if on cull of i Speaker forty members ?hull support i demand for urgency, the Speaker sli lor th with put the question without bate, amendaient or adjournment, und tho question of urgency be decided in itllirmutive by 3 to 1, llit-n the powers the House for thc regulation of its bi ness shall be vested in and remain w the Speuker until lie shall declare I the stale of public business is no lou urgent. Mr. Gladstone gave notice that he j posea to follow the inoiion above refer lo by a resolution declaring that the bi of public busin? as is urgeul. 1.30 p. m.-The Speaker's interferei which closed the obstructive debate tim House of Commons this morn and forced the first reading of the | lection bill, was evidently pre-iirranj na he read from the manuscript the st meut in which he announces that crisis hud arisen demanding the in terence of the chuir und il e Houso. On tue re-asseinb?ng ot tho House, Speaker, replying to Mr. Lauouct liberal, raid bo bud acted solely or own responsibility. Mr. Purneil sui* also wished lo call attention lo Speaker's ruling. The Speaker i II If ir Mr. Furnell ihui it was not a questio privilege. He must therefore give lice. Mr. A. M. Sullivan, home r moved it* adjournment ?if the Hom enable the Speuker to search for pi dents for his rulings A lively di: sion is progressing. The I lou-, o is cr ed, every available seat being occu The debate on Mr. A. M. Sullivan's lion to adjourn continues. Mr. Sull made an indignant speech. Mr. ( home-ruler, seconded the motion foi journment. Mr. Gladstone depret adjournment. Mr. Gowen, liberal, Lord Churchill, consort alive, supp the motion lo adjourn. Sir Stn Northcote, conservative, supported government in iii? desire to reach ( ?md reading of Mr. Forster's prote bill. Messrs. Shaw und Labouchere most of the IrisUs members and indi dents, supported the motion for adj incut. Mr. Giron, advanced liberal ho thought Ireland would regare action ol the Hou-ea as an altem crush the liberty of speech of the memOers. jil is stated in a telegram froi House Committee thal Ibero is probability that another day wi wasted.] 6.30 p. m.-The debato in tho 1 of Commons still continues. 6< violent Heenes look place, und llieie (-ulla of order upon Mr. Gladstone ?og out illili some of A. M. SJII common ts un Uro ooadutA o? tfco Bj j were not tn order. Mr. Sullivan ?hook j his tM at Mr. Gladstone, and ?aid he thanked Goo that the rules of the House j were not in Mr. Gladstone's banda. Mr. I Mitchell Henry ?aid ho considered that ! thc Irish members'had taken an unten I able position: that they misrepresented ! tho opinion of tho country and erserlSced the rights of the people. ?ir. Henry was interrupted by Mr. Tnitlip Callan and other members, who accused him of attributing falsehood to Mr. Parnell. 0.30 p. m.-The debate continue*. The Irish members up to 5.55 p. m. con tinued their obstructive motions. As the House rises nt G o'clock p. m., Wednesday, they will doubtless be suc cessful in preventing Mr. Forster from moving the second reading of his bill and making tho usual explanatory state ment on doing so, though ho has urced the convenience of that course. Thc speeches of tho Irish me. ibera show much heat and indignation. Mr. O'Don nell maintained that the House should adjourn, ns otherwise Mr. Forster would have an opportunity ta make an inflam matory statement, which would go forth without contradiction. After tho motion to adjourn had been negatived, the Irish members, to prevent Mr. Forster from making his statement, objected to every bill upon the order of the day, thus occu pying tho timo until thc House was obliged to adjourn, just previous to which Mr. Redmond, new member for New Ross, took his seat. Tale of a Hcrmatdj An incident was related the other day by an (dd sea captain, who sworo to its authenticity in tire moat vehement man ner. He was speaking of tho famine which occurred some yeans ngo in tho Azores, nnd other neighboring Islands, and in Muderia also, and of the straits to which the inhabitants were reduced for want of fond. "You see," Baid he, "I was laying off Kuncha! with a cargo of hardware vine shears, cultivators and such like. I sailed tho brig Skylark from New York. Well, our provisions gin out, and I calculated to lay in a Htipply at Fun chal, hut there wan't non? there." "What!" said we, "none?" "No, none. The cattle had ali died, cmsequently there waru't no beef; sheep had all died, und there wnrn't no mutton; hogs nil got the measles so there waru't io pork; chickens all eaten up by foxes, so there warn't no fri cassees. "That's ratho. a dismal picture," was our reply ; "ho\ '?td the people procure food?" "Food; well, they kind o' lived on yarbs and roots; stole mules-the only thing that didn't die-and ?at them." "How about fish-couldn't they take fish un u?"il ?" "Narry S-di ; thc fish all went out o' them ar latitudes. There warn't shurks left, let alono anything worth catch ing." "Why, that was strange." "Yes; the only thing left in tho hnr bur was mermaids, and they were nigh unto starvation too." "The what?" wo asked in surprise. "The mermaids? Can't you hear?" yelled the captain, angry at even n hint of skepticism. "What ! do you believe there nre such creatures ns mermaids?" "Do I believe it? No, I don't be lieve it; I know il! I rochon, (ranger, I've seen a dozen of em at a time, a tum lin' in tho surf liko a lot of monkeys among the riggin ?" "Indeed ! and what do they feed upon ?" "Well, I reckon, principally fish. I've seen 'em catch berrin', stranger, and eat 'em up raw, ns fast as a Dutch baby ken eut pickles." "How did thoy get along at tho time you speak of?" we inquired, endeavoring to assume nu appearance of credulity. "You said the tish had entirely disap peared." "I did, and thc poor mermaids suffered budly. Why one night, ns I was cumin' down from the towt! to tho quarry where thc brig's boat was tied up, I seed a tiru burning on the bosch. I reckoned first it was lot ol' drunken sailors makin' punch. Well, I boru up towards it, and what d'ye think it was?" Of course we gave it up. "Well, I'll tell you, and then you can sec the state nf starvation folks was io. Stranger," and here tho captain pulled a solemn face, "it waa a mermaid settin' over a fire, cooHn* her own tail for sup per. A Great Utile Market. St. Louis, Mo., is the great mulo mar ket of the country, the central point from which this species of stock is distributed all jver the Union. A reporter for the Republican .ecently visited one of tho large dealers aud gathered the following facts regarding tho mule trade the present season : Tho mule season has fairly begun but is far from beiug as active as tho season was last year. There are several drawbacks. Cotton planters have uot commenced to get ready for their ploughing. The cold weather prevailing lias set them back, and besides they bought largely last year and will not _j - _ -.L:- rr?i_. j. nceu Ul I ll tl 11 j ?uia joni. tuc s*|r?m uo mand is very small. Tho demand from the East and North is not very largo. Speculators made a good deal -if money the first three months of the year 188U, and their profila the balance of the vear _f\_ll . I-? -_ "a., .-.?.. *f? - . T" ? i mey in ?LUI: nzuucjr, pirjva ?cpi. on uuvs.ni; ing and the demand was very urgent, and this made speculators somewhat reckless. Last summer they began buy ing and contracting for January and February of 1881, and paid pretty good prices. Now country shippers and spec ulators find that their anticipations u.e not beiug realized, and from the present outlook it is not unlikely that they will lose money. One prominent multi ship* per, who hat over a thousand head cor ralled up in au interior county in Misson ri, remarked to the reporter, "I bave a large bunch, and if anybody will pay me first cost and the feed, I will let bim have tho mules and take off $3.000 bcsidcs.nud I know others who will takeoff a percen tage it they can get hack their money i only." Mr. William P. Croawhite, a well known feeder, was also interviewed by the reporter and asked why bad the receipts fallen off here. The total receipts of horse? and mules from Janu ary 1 to the 10, inclusive, were only 2. 512 head, while for the corresponding nineteen days in 1880 the receipt wore 6, G18 head, or nearly three times aa many ns in 1881. "Well, you see," said Mr. Cro.white, "the demand for mule? is small and price-: fluctuating and not very high at that, and thus keep back the supply. Were the demand aa large aa IH-I January, the receipts would be aa liberal." - The Raleigh Farmer and M?chame ?sys: Strange as ii may seem, there have bo.-ii more than 40 persons burned io dotth in North Caiolina within the ihr o m luths past, including the ten wLo s*vre l/urcred Qa railroad*. Tbe Wonderful ; South "Carolina Clay , Beds. Frequent and urgent " requests have been made fur more precise and definite information respecting the South Caro lina lay beds. It is proposed in re?pon?o to these inquiries tn glv nomo facts and details respecting them, not familiar to tho general public. The' result of io 3uiries show that the South Carolina clay eposioi dilTer in many respects from all other known deposits of clay, foreign and domestic-in formal'u.a and in mode of treatment, and that in all respects they are nnomalous and wonderful. It is as certained that a large amount of the clay is now annually put on the market ; that the elsy is '".ighly appreciated and largely utilized in several important industries, displacing to a large extent English clays, and tl ut the business has, in tact, taken on such proportions and become so well established us to take rank among our great American i idustrira. LOCATION OF THE DEPOSITS" Tho locality jf these deposits is in gen eral in Aiken Jnuuty, in the vicinity of bath, on th'. South Carolina Railroad, and about tun miles west of Aiken, the Well-known winter resort. Tho main deposit is nt Kaolin, u vil lage on tho highlands or bills about one mile to the south of and nt an elevation of about one hundred und fifty feet above Bath station. Here, confessedly, is tho grand centre of tho Scuth Caroline, clay enterprise. Here is found the mammoth bcd of the South, and, to far ns known, of thc world. Tho bed is fully twenty feet thick, has un uveruge breadth of one thousand feet, and is probably over one milo in length 1 Suffice to say, thu clay is utterly inex haustible, no maller to what extent the working bo increased, for nt least one hundred years. From this bed is taken thc clay known ns tho "While, Pure nod Lustrous," "Excelsior," also tho "Extra Bud" cluy. ANTECEDENTS. The magnitude of the deposit appro priately gave the mime Kaolin to the village more than twenty years ago, mid here, at about that lime, the "Southern Porcelain Manufacturing Company" wa? organized, und extensivo und costly works were built by it for the manufac ture of a general lino of pottery ware from tho clay here found. During the war tho South was largely MU'plied with china wure from ibo Kaolin works. Here, also, during tho war, this clay did good service lo tho Confederacy, for from j it "insulators" for telegraph wires wert j extensively made-glass insulators not j being obtainable ut tuc time. "In the coursr jf human events" the J entire corporate property of thocompanj named, which included the village ol Kaolin and seven hundred acres ol clay j land about it, came by purchase into the bauds of the present owners, R. Mc I Namco & Co. Another purchase, that ol I a plantation of four hundred acres ud joining, brought io them the celebruled j "Diamond Lustro" clay bcd. This clay, j it is said, lb now tho stsndiud ciay fm wall paper manufacturers, und is highly valued us well in other industries. And now some particulars ns to the position of the cluy in thc carib, how the I bed is opened und bow worked. Kaolin Village, as stated, is on high J lund-it is built ulong tho summit ridge, j ll is beneath tiie surface of this high ridge, Home twenty-five feet, that the cia) j deposit is located. And thia position ol J the clay favors both the working of tin bcd und ihe drainage of it. The clay is I roached by a horizontal cut in the side ol | ihv bil?, uud through thia cul the clay is removed to the drying sheds near by, ann the cut naturally lukes the drainage I water and gives a roadway for the carib I removed fruin over tho clay, for thc earth J must be removed ; thc clay ia not reached j und worked through u tunnel or shalt a? in tho case of coal mid minerals-thu would be quite impracticable. CHA It Ad 1 EH OF TUE KA1UH COVEUINO. j The laud, though not barren, ia not valuable fur agricultural purposes; the soil ia light and fnudy, yet colton and corn are lo some extent grown minti it I ulan trees, us pine mid oak. btouCS and j i-obi ted reeks considerably abound. I Shell stones ulso uro frequent-these I wheti opened are found filled willi a ten powder-un oxide of iron. Below the j surface, saud and saud only is met willi down lo the cloy. The saud lor thc most I part ia of a light brown cutor till within j a few feet of ibo clay, when the color chango to white, and the deeper the while Band the better tho day. In order to reach and to work tho clay I all this sand covering mint be removed, I tia already stated, and the amount re moved at _ time is usually enough for u season's work ai cluy. And now that the clay is reached, we come, to the MANNER OF WOMCINO TUE BEDS. First of all the surface of the ciay ia I scraped and swept to clear it of any ru I luse clay and all remains of the saud. The immense body of white and glist ening clay now exposed to view ia sulid, comped and coniiuuouu in ull its length, I breadth and depth, not existing in pock- I eu as do roust other clays. It ia com- I pact aud Bolid us marble. Herc, surely, I one finds a good specimen of tho "Sulid South." liut tho clay, although solid, is not hurd ; it due* not require giant powder to blast it, nor docs it require au ore mill lo grind tl. With a pickaxe you muy break lt from the bank, with a knife you may whililo it; you may ahapo from it a fruitless block 'fu foot sq ? ure. or if you I will a shufi of tho sizo of tho Egyptian obelisk, und wuter will quickly reduce the clay, so apparently hurd, to powder. Suspend a pieco of it dry in water aud quickly it begins lo disintegrate, und its particles, exceedingly fiue, lull likeanow. The clay ia also pure-pure as tho Al pino snow-it does not requre, therefore, like ull English clays and most American clays, to bo washed to remuvo freo ailiciu and general 'mpuriiies from it. Tho South Carolina clay has ulready been washed and purified in nature's great and perfect lavatory ; but though pure, the elsy is nul tully dry, about 20 per cent, of water remains, and hence it must bo removed to the aheds to dry. But for ibis moisture tho clay could bc pucked directly nt thc bed us taken out. Tho analysis of the-Souih Carolina clay aliows it to be u pure silicate of alumina, thut it has scarcely a truce of iron, and us to lime, that il H absolutely free. Tho analysis also shows the clay lo hmo a high percentage of alumina, the constit uent of chief value. Taking these South Carolina clay de posits, all lu all, aro they not ?ut generi? auomaloiu und wonderful ? and whero ejae in all tho world can their like bo found? and in view of tho high quality of the clay, it is but natural thal the clay should bo utilized as slated, largely in many Important industries. While tho walt paper irado uses tho clay largely, the chief consume rs of il aro the paner makers. In the "middle ages" ol' paper making the pi.per-milkers were a little coy about owning the u?e of clay, hut now in this Nineteenth Century of tho trade it is otherwise ; and clay ls felt ?o bis. and owaod Oo be? titto* ? wcjmadUr* especially in connection with straw, woot and jute Muck, and Ita use in paper i< genera* in Europe as well as io America A SUCCESSFUL ENTERPM3E, AND WHY Until 18G8 little had been dnno t< utilize thc South-Carolina clays outsid< the Stifte. It waa in that year that Mr Ii. McNoince, of New York, engage? with ample capital in thisc'ay enterprise mid from llmt time to thc present he ha SI ?ven to it Ilia energetic services, and t( lim is largely Jue tho credit of bringing South Carolina clay prominently to tin front and of creating a large demand fo: it. Mr. McNamce began with the pureba* of forty acres in 18U8. lie continued lu purchases from year to year, and now ii 1?30 his timi holds nearly eighteen hun dred acres of clay lands around Kaolin as a centre. In addition to the beds above mention ! ed, there are Bcveral others in successfu operation in the State, the largest bpinj those owned and controlled by Col. . J Davies, on Beech Island, in Aiken Coun ty, and J. J. \V. Huckahee, al Granite ville, on the South Carolina Railroad, ii the hame county. From ihese beds cia; of a very superior quulity is taken, uni they havo high reputation in the market of the world.--Monthly Report of S. C Agricultural Department, A PEOPLE WITHOUT A HOME. Tho Mrmionlto Kuilg-rmnt* from Itu**! -Tho Koort ? of Major Alexander Mel oliera tu !5i Inrr Them tu thia Stat?- WI? thc Mennonite* Arc. Chatterton Newt and Courier. For a number of years Major Ale*, auder Melcher*, of ibis city, has devote a greal deal of attention to the subject! foreign immigration, and hus douo niue io encourage tho influx, of new peopl into South Carolina, ile is now eiidcui ? iring lo secure a favorable situation upo which io locate a colony of Russiu Mennonites, and is in correspondent with persons in different sections of lb Stale in regard lo the scheme. During tho past six years, lurgel through his representations and by h persistent ellbris, three thousand ?mm grants havo been induced to come to th ?iaic, and have been provided with cou Tunable homes. Ho has u Cai 'alni all in the Rev. Mr. Neumann, a niisriouui among ibu imuiigrnuta ut Castle Gardci New York, who ld anxious to secure goo? cheap homos for the stringers who ai committed lu his care and whose locatic lie can do much to d?termine. . During the month of December, i company with Major Melcher*, ho mat a partial tour of tho State, visiting tl Counties of Abbeville, Anderson,Oreel ville, Oeonce and Spartauburg. The object was lo look out a body of lat containing from five tu ten lliousur acres, which could be secured ut a noni nal price or altogether free of costs -uch colonists as would locate upon and, becoming permanent settlers, for the nucleus for a larger colony. Tin .ound in Ocoiiee County plenty of chei .und, but with defective niles. lu oih counties they found muny largg tracts lanu, bul with nu disposition or appare dtbire on thu pari of the owners lo d poso of il upon Buch terms us would within the reach of those wishing ?ecuru homes. The sale at a low price thc gift of a few thousand acres of lu wuuid, in their judgment, so enhance I value of surrounding real e .tate that could be sold al paying figures. Major Melcher;', was assured by a gi tleman in Walhalla that he womd ori ihe matter bet?re thc people of Ocot County nnd eudeavor to secure their i operation in placing a largo tract mountain laud at the disposition of I Mennonites as un inducement for th to muku their home iu that section of i State. Mr. Macusker thinks there un number of gentlemen in George.to County who will give from five bund io a thousand acres us u nucleus fur settlement of tho immigrants in ll county, and, ufter consultation w Major Melchers, wont to Columbia Munday night to suggest lo thu St Uoa.d of Agriculture thc wisdom i practicability of giving the forfeited lu ni Georgetown County to the immigra upon easy terms. Theso lauds amouu irom thirty-live, lo thu ty seven thous: acres. If satisfactory arrangements c not be made with the landholders in Slate the Mennonite immigrants will io other States, and will probably BC in considerable numbers iu North Ci tina und Tennessee. Tho Mennonite immigrants began c ing to this country about six years and weut to the Not .Invest, many of tl localing in Minnesota ami Kansas, the lime of their coming Major Meld made an effort to secure their scitleu in this Slate. No cheap lunda coull ?ecured bete. Tho railroads ottered transportation from Chicago to the \\ and thu chances were ail against us. the railroads do not now furnish transportnioi), properly ha? become r valuable in the West, and tho ind menu for immigrants to come South favorable. Thc Russian Mennonites are a ?I agricultural people, and aro noted their industry and modest worth. 'I come from au ancestry who t-ouudet ihe depths of political and religious ..caution, and originally canin fruin Xi erlaud and South German /, whence emigrated to Southern liltsSia, set first in the Dnieper and later near tb of Azov. Tiley acquired cousidei property, and in 1870 funned a po| ::'.ia::t forty th..il.-.md. Hy sp decrees o! the Empt-rur they wer? empted from military duly. In ibis privilego was abolished, am alternative was left thom except cons lion or emigration, ihe privilego of gration beiug confined to the period 1871 to 1881. They aro opposed to and rather than sacrifice their prim they have determined to accept the i nativo left to them by the Russian eminent, und are ceiling to Amer find homes. Tho time foi their dc ure is ut hand, and their emigration begin in tho Spring. Fifteen vi will be broken ap entirely, and the habitants will como to this country alt their possessions. Theso vi contain 800 families, or about 4,00( a ms. It will take from fifty to eighty sand acres of land for tho setilcinc the eight hundred families, who wi vote their attention almost exclusiv farming operations. They are wc quuinted with tho culturo of grail have naver tried to raise cotton. The Mennonite* are pretty wei cated, and cnn, almost without exec read and write. Nearly all of then some properly, and the coming thrifty and economical a popt would be of inestimable benefit l Sute. ?VINE OBOWEUS KllOM WURTEU1 Major Melchers is also trying to a location in the upper part of ibo for a colony from Wurtemberg, Gel who will engage in the cultivation vino. Their vineyards in Wurtc have been destroyed by the fly, nu want tu seule in thia Suite, tho forton of wfctoa fajp weil ads; '. soil and climate to the growth of the i grepe. Maj. Melcher? bus been in cor . respondence with these people for o"er n year, and tho indications for their early j coming are quite encouraging. tiencral.Serrs Summary. - Georgia*[7 per-cent, bo.-.ds recently sold for $1.25. j - Strawberries aro 'idling inJNewJYork . for six dollars n quart. - A coal company in Colorado struck I oil n few days ago at n depth of 1,145 j ?ect, ; - Huller county, Pa-, pays over one thousand dollars a year bounty on fox I scalps. - A new telegraph company with j fl ,000,000 capital hos bceo organized in Chicano. - New York hod 2,389 new buildings begun in 1880, nt an estimated cost of $23,938,000. - The national debt of England is held by about 23,000 people; that of Franco by about 4.000 000. - The colored Republicans of Augusta, Go., hove endorsed Senator Bruco for a place in Gen. Garfield's Cabinet. - Tho city council of Jefferson, Ga., has placed thc licemie for selling liquor nt ono thousand dollars per annum. - The ( minissioner of pensions says it will require $500,000,000 to pay all claims under the arrearages of tue pen sion law of 1879. - It isVstimated that at least twontv thnueund dollars worth of spirituous li quors were sold at Greenwood, A bbc vi Ho county, last year. - A man sold two cata which he had dressed to a restaurant keeper in New York for rabbits, nnd got twenty-five cents a pieco for them. - Oseas A. Rice, late deputy collector ol'in'ennil revenue at Batan Rouge, han been committed tn prison on n charge of embezzlement, in default of $10,000 bail. - N. L. Webb, of Georgetown county, S lins been convicted of fraudulent vo..,ig sud Kc<>??M!C2d to two months' im prisonment, and to pay a fine of one hundred dollars. - Senator Dennis, of Maryland, has a twelve aero terrapin pond in which bo raises terrapins for market. Ile has sold as many an twelve thousand in ono year. They bring from. ten.tot fourteen dollars a dozen. - In tho Senate of tho North Carolina Legislature, a bill has been introduced proposing an ninendment to the constitu tion to tho effect thal "Her 1895 no one who cannot read'or'write shall bo allow ed to vote. - A young man named James Garldis, of Chattanooga, Tenn., killed his mothei recently. They had been drinking to ?rother and quarrelled, when he struck ter with u poker, which caused her d eat li lu a few minutes. - Some fifty emigrants en route to th? West passed through Atlanta lust week Amoug them was n lady who was said tc be the mother of twenty-nine children She culled the roll ut every station to sci that none wero missing. - Benjamin Schnell nnd Hattie Ger trudo Posey wero married recently by i trial justice, at Seneca City. The girl i only eight year? oid, and was mnrrie< with the consent of her mother, wh witnessed tho ceremony. I - A negro mimed Bob Hennegan wu found dead in n creek in Mecsletihur county, N. C., his head beat into a jell und n chain around his neck. Four m gro men have been committed to ja charged with tho murder. - Since the commencement of the sei son, nearly thieu millions of tons of i< have been housed in the Hudson river,i an expenso not exceeding twenty-fii cent? per ton. Tho ice will av?rai twelve inches in thickness. - Hon. A. 8. Merrimon, in a recei address before the North Carolina Sta Prohibition Convention, said that he hi been practicing law for twenty-eig j years, and nine tenths of tho cases in li i practico have boon brought on by Haut - Gerald Ptgct, fourth son of Lo Alfred Paget, and his wife have be bunting in Wyoming and Montana. Ono night they slept in an open tc with tho thermometer 29 degrees bell zero and the wolves howling about the - It is stated that Prof. O. C. HI {irincipal of tho normal school at Oreg lull, Come, Mo., will bo private BCCC ry to President Garfield. Prof. Hill v one of the faculty at Hiram College. Oh when General Garfield was president that institution. - The Ohio State Local Option O vention baa passed resolutions asking Legislature to pass a local option ai liquor law, and claims that, inasmuch woman is ibo greatest sufferer from liquor traffic, she ought lo bo allowee vote on this question. - A Com pu uv with $6,000,000 cap bab been organized fur the purposi leasing the Cincinnati Southern rail? If this is effected, it is proposed to fi a combination with the Kentucky Cetil Chesapeake and Ohio and the Erlar lines from Chattanooga. - The Camperdown Mills, ; Greenville, are unable tn fill their or with the present force employed, and superintendent is now forced to run night as wei! as nil day. He has ist ciiculars calling for two hundred fifty additional operatives tu whom { wases and steadv work I* nron?!"*d. - Thc North Carolina Legisla will probably order a special electioi May or August to fina ont tho pot sentiment un the question of prohib? If thc people arc in favor of piohihi ;!;c G.."."?ru?,i ??ii be requested to ca ??tra BOra?/in ?f ?Jj? Leg-????UT? tu at once an unqualified prohibitory - St. Louis gamblers propose to c State laws next spring by fitting < noat on tho Mississippi River, w largo main cabin for keno and sn rooms for furo, roulette and hs Euch passengt r is to pay $1 fare, three fourths of the fures are to c tute "pots" for tho game, the han ducting the usual commission. - The annual report of the coi sinners of emigration for the year was completed on tho 25th. The number of passengers arriving at < Garden was 872,880. Of this nu 104.204 carno from Germany, 66,891 England, and 10,190 from Italy, report recommends that Congress such laws as may be required touchii migration. - Virginia, ir o have a civil case as to a public school. At I burg a whit? girl waa dismissed school bocauHB she lived with a family and had a reputation som doubtful. All tho other scholar when she entered. Sn it was a na to turn her off or shut up shop. St been brought against the District I Board at Lynchburg. - General Garfield in a speech House of Representatives in 1874, "The divorce betwosn Church nm ought to be absolute. It ought to absolute that no church property where, in any Stato or in the i should bo exempt from equal tai for if yon exempt the property church organization, to that ext? imposo a church tax upon tfc* ocmmuBi^