The Anderson intelligencer. (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, February 10, 1881, Image 1
BfiE. B. M?BEAY & GO.
ANDERSON, S. C, THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 10, 1661.
VOLUME XVI.?NO. 31.
THE ATHEISTIC ?TIDE..
The Threatened Destruction of the Simple
Faith or the;Fathera by the Vain Deceits of
Modern Philosopher*?An Attack Chris?
tian s Must Me tt.
Atlanta Constitution.
New Yobs, January 26.
Tho dread sign of the times, as I see it,
is the growing skepticism in tbe leading
circles of thought and action throughout
the country? h swelling tide of atheism
and unbelief that baa already swept over
many of (he outposts of religion.
I am not alarmed by the fact that
Henry Ward Beecher shook hands with
IngersoH on a public stand, and has since
swung beyond .the limit of orthodoxy,
. any more than I am rea-sured by the faut
that Stephea.?L Tyng has, by indorsing
the miracles at Louidre, swung back into
the stronghold of superstition. These
are mere personal expressions that may
mean much or little. They may be classed
with the complaint of Dr. Talmage that
he found religion dead in a circuit ol
3,000 miles of travel last year, which
complaint is balanced by the assertion of
Dr. Hal! that the growth of religious
sentiment was never so decisive as at
present.
I have noted, in the first place, that tho
latter day writers?novelists, scientists
and essayists?are arraying themselves in
great force either openly on the side of
skepticism, ox are treating religious sen?
timent.with a readiness or touch and lack
of reverence, that is hardly less dangerous.
? I need not run over the list of scientists,
beginnings with Tyndall, Huxley and
Stephens, that have raised tbe banner of
negation?nor recount tbe number of nov?
elists who follow the lead of sweet George
Eliot, tbe sail and gentle woman, who
allied sentiment to positivism bo subtly,
and who died with tbe promise on her
lips that her life would "be gathered like
a scroll in thu tu nib, unread forever"?
who said that she "wanted no'future that
broke Ike ties of the past," and has gone
to meet the God whose existence she de?
nied.' We. all know that within the past
twenty years there has been an alarming
increase, of atheism among the leading
writers in ail branches. But it is with the
growth of skepticism among the people
- that-has astonished me.
I am not misled by the eloquence of
IngersoH nor the noisy blasphemy of his
imitators. I was with five journalists
and I found that every one of them were
skeptics, two of th< m iu the most emphat?
ic sense. In a sl.ee jing car with eight pas
sengers, average people, L take it, I
found that three wu re con tinned7 atheists,
three were doubtful about it, and two
were old-fashioned Christians. A young
friend of mine, a journalist and lecturer,
asked me a few months ago what I
thought of Ms preparing a lecture that
would out do IngersoH ?his excuse being
tha; he foutid IngersoH so popular. I
asked Henry Wattersou once what effect
Ingersoli'a lectures had on the Louisville
public. "No more than a theatrical rep?
resentation," was the quick reply. Wat
terson was wrong. I have never teen a
man who come away from an IngersoH
lecture as stout of faith and as strong iu
heart as he was when he went there.
I do not know that this spirit of irreli
gion and unbelief has made much inroad
on the churches. It is as yet simply eat?
ing away the material upon which the
churches must recruit and. perpetuate
themselves. There is a large body ol
men and women? the bulk probably ? four
population?that is between the church
anil its enemies?not members of the
church or open professors of religion, they
have yet had reference for the riigiousj
beliefs, have respected the rule of con?
science, and believed iu the existence of
one Supreme Being. These men and
women have been useful to tbe cause or
religion, in that they held all tbe outposts
about the camp of the church militant,
and protected it with enwrapping conser?
vatism and sympathy. It is this class
of people that are now yielding lo toe
assaults of the infidel. Having none o<
the inspiration of religion, and poss^siug
neither the enthusiasm of converts nor
the faith of veterans, they are easily be?
wildered and overcome. It is a careless
and unthinking multitude on which the
atheists vre working, and the very inertia
of a mob will carry~thousuuds if the drift
of the mass once sets to the ocean. And
the man of woman who rides on the eb?
bing tide goes never to return. Eel igious
beliefs \>nce shattered are hardly mended.
The church may reclaim its sinnem, but
its skeptics, never.
It is nut surprising that this period of
critical investigation into all creeds and
beliefs has come. It is a logical epoch,
come in its appointed time. It is one ol
the penalties of progress.
We have stripped all the earth of mys?
tery, and brought all its phenomena un?
der (he square and compass?so that
we might have expected science to doubt
the mystery of life itself, and to plant, its
theodalite for a measurement of the eter?
nal, aud pitch its crusible for an aualysis
of the soul. It was natural that the
Greek should be led to the worship of his
physical gods, for the earth itself was a
mystery that he could not divine?a
vastuesH and vagueness that he could not
comprehend. But we have fathomed its
uttermost secret?felt its most secret
pulse?girdled it with steel?harnessed it
and trapped it to our liking. What was
mystery is now demonstration?what was
vague is now apparent. Science has
dispelled illusion after illusion? struck
down error after error?made plain
all that was vague on earth, aud re?
duced every mystery to demonstration.
It is little wonder then that, at ia?t, nav
- ing reduced all the illusions of matter to
an equation, and anchored every theory
to a fixed formula, is should assail the
mystery of life itself, and warned the
world that science would yet furnish
the key to the problem of the soul. Tue
obelisk, plucked from the heart of Egypt,
rest upon a shore that was as vaguely and
infinitely beyond the kuowlerlge or aspi
ration ofits builders as the shores of a
star that lights the spaces beyond our
vision?re to uh today?the Chinaman
jostle* u-t in the street, and the centuries
that look through his dreamy eyes have
lust all sense of wonder?ships that were
freighted from the heart of Africa lie in
our harbor, and our market places ar
vocal with more tongues than bewildered
the builders at Babel?a letter slips
around the earth in ninety days and the
messages of meu flash along the bed of
the ocean?we tell the secrets of the uni?
verse as a woman tells her beads, and the
stars whirl serenely through orbits that
science has defined?we even read of the
instant when the comet that plunged in
dim illimitable distance, where even the
separate star* are lost in mist and vapor,
shall whirl again into the vision of man ; a
wanderer that could not shake off the iu
exorable supervision of science even in
the chill aud measureless depth of the
universe. -Fit time is this, then, for
science to make its last aud supreme as?
sault?to challenge the la-t aud supreme
mvstery?defy the last and supreme force.
And the church may gird itself for the
conflict! As the pope has said : "It is no
longer a rebel that threatens the church.
It is a belligerent!" It is no lon^?-r a
shading of creed. It w tho upsetta! of all
creeds that is attempt, d. '.
It is impossible to conceive the oritery
and the blindness that (will 'come in the
wake uf this spreading atheism. The
ancients witnessed the fall of a hundred
ereed^ but still had a hundred left. The
vast mystery of life hung above them,
but was lit with religions that were sprin
k led as stars in its depths. From a host
of censers was their air made rich with fra?
grance, and warmed from a field of altars.
No loss was irreparable. But with us it
is different. We have reached the end.
Destroy our belief and we are ieft hope?
less, helpless, blind. Our air will be
orderlcs, chill, colorless. Huxley, the ;
leader of the positivists, himself con foss?
es?I quote from memory?"Never, in
the history of man, has a calamity so ter
jrifict befallen the race as this advancing
deluge, black with destruction, uprooting
our most cherished hopes, engulfing our
most precious creed, and burying our
highest life in minlness desolation."
And yet Mr. Huxley urges on this de?
luge with furious energy. The aggres?
siveness of the atheist is inexplicable to
me. Why they should insist on destroy?
ing a system that is pure and ennobling
when they bave nothing to replace it
with?wby they should shatter a faith
that coiors life, only to leave it colorless
?why they should rob life of all that it
makes life worth living?why they should
.take away the consolation that lifts men
ana women from the despair of bereave?
ment and desolation, or the light that
guides the leet of struggling humanity, or
the hope that robs the grave of its terror
?why they should do all this, and then
stand empty-handed and unresponsive be?
fore the yarning and supplicating people
they have stripped of all that is pre?
cious, is more than I can understand.
The best atheist, to my mind, that lever
knew, was one who sent his children to a
I convent for their education. "I cannot
lift the blight of unbelief from my own
mind," be said, "Lut it shall never fall
upon the minds of my children if I can
help it. As for me, I would give all I have
on earth for the old faith that I wore so
ilghiiy and threw off so carlessly.
The practical effects of the growth of
atheism are too terrible to contemplate.
A ve>sel on an unknown bea that has
lost its rudder and is tossed in a storm?
that's the picture. It will not do for Mr.
Ingersoll to say that a purely human
code of right and wrong can be establish?
ed to which the passions of meu can be
-anchored and from which they can swing
with safety. It will not do for him to
cite his own correct life or the cor?
rect lives of the skeptical scientists
or of leading 'skeptics, as proof
that unbelief does not bring license.
These men are held to decency by a priJe
of position and by a sense of special re?
sponsibility. It is the masses that athe?
ism will demoralize and debauch. It is
the thousands of simple men and women
who, loosed ot the restraint that is abso?
lute and imperious will, that will drift
upon the currents of their passions, col?
liding everywhere, and bringing confu
siuu and ruin. The vastly greatest in
fluence that religion hits exercised, as far
us tne world goes, has been the conserva?
tive pressure that it has put upon the
bulk of people, who are outside of
the church. With the pressure barely
felt and still lesj acknowledged, it has
preserved the integrity of society, kept
the dangerous instincts within bounds, re?
pressed savagery and held the balance.
Conscience has dominated men who nev?
er confessed even to themselves, its power,
and the dim, religious memories of child
hood, breathing imperceptibly over long
nastesot sin and brutality, have dissolved
clouds of passion in the souls of veterans.
Atheism will not work its full effect on
this class of men. Even after they bave
murdered conscience by withholding the
breath upon which it lives, its ghost will
grope through the chambers of their braiu
menacing and terrible, and to the last?
"Creeping on a broken wing
Through culls of madness, haunt of horror and
feat!"
It is on the young men and women?
the generation bred in the chill atmos?
phere of unbelief?that atheism will do
its worst. With no traditions in which
to guide their faith, no altar before which
they can do reverence, no ideal to which
their eyes can turn, no standard lofty
enough to satisly, or steadfast enough to
assure?with no uplifting that is not lim?
ited, no aspiration that has wings, and
no enthusiasm that is not absurd?with
life but a fever that kindles in the cradle
and dies in the grave. Truly atheism
meets youth with a dread prospect?sul?
len, storm-swept, hopeless.
In the conflict that is coming, the
church is impregnable?because the
chutch is right?because it is founded on
a mck. The scientists boast that they
have evolved everything logically from
the first particles of matter?that, from the
crystal rock to sentient man is a steady
way, marked by natural gradations.
Tiit-y even say that, if a new bulk were
thrown of from the sun to-morrow, it
would spin in the space of the earth
and the same development that has
crowned the earth with life would take
place in the new world. And yet Tyn
dull says, "We have exhausted physics,
and reached its very rim, and yet a mighty
mystery looms up before us." And this
mystery is the kindling of the atoms of
the brain with the vital spark. There
science is baffled, for there is the su?
preme force that veiled eternity from the
vision of man.
The church is not bound to the techni?
calities of argument in this coldest. It
has the perfect right to KiTy and
say, logical I v, that something must
rest on faith?that there must be
something in the heart or soul
before convictions can be made perfect.
Just as we cannot impress with ccstacies
und transports of earthly love a man who
has never loved, or paint a rainbow to the
i man who has never seen. And yet the
I time has passed when religion can dismiss
the skeptics with a shriek or a sneer. I
read one little book a year ago, gentle,
firm, decisive, book that demonstrated the
necessity and existence ot the Supreme Be?
ing, as clearly and as closely as a mathe?
matical proposition was worked out. But j
the strength oi the church is, after all, the
high-minded consistency of its members
?the warmth and earnestness of its evan?
gelism?the purity und gentleness of its
apostle*. II the creeds are put at peace,
and every man who wears the Christian
Armor will go forth to plead the cause of
the meek and lowly Nazariue, whose hive
?tcals into the heart of men, as the balm
of flowers in to the pulses of asuinmer even?
ing?then we shall see the hosts of doubt
ai/d skepticism put to rout.
Of course I have no business to write
all this. It is the province of th? preach?
ers to talk of these things, and many no
doubt will resent as impertinent even the
suggestion of a worldling. And yet it
seems so sure to me that in the swift and
silent m^r?haling of the hosts of unbelief
and irn ligion there is presage! the sil
prcmext tests that the faith of Christ inns
has ever undergone, that I felt impelled
to write. There are men, o Uside of the
a tive workers of the church, who have
all reverence for its institutions and
love for its leaders whose hearts are stirred
now and then by a faith caught at a
mother's knee, or the memory of some
ra.'t and happy moment?who want to
live, if not in the fold of the chosen, at
leiai in the shadow of a Christian senti?
ment, and among a people dominated by
Christian faith?and who hope to die at
last, in the same trust and peace that
moved the dying Shakespeare?wisest,
sweetest mind ever clothed in mortal
flesh?when he said:
''I commend my soul into the hands of
God, my creator," hoping and assuredly
believing through the only merits of Je?
sus Christ, my Savior, to bo made par?
taker of life everlasting." H. W. G.
Decorated Aiuerlcnus.
The bill introduced by Senator Eaton j
early last session, and passed by the Sen?
ate last June, authorizing certain persons
to accept decorations and presents from
foreign governments, and regulating the
presentation of such titles and presents |
hereafter, passed the House a few days j
since, and now needs only the signature I
of the President to make it a law.
Section 2 of the bill mnkes the rather
queer provision that no decoration or;
oilier thing accepted under the provisions
of this law, heretofore accepted, or which
may hereafter he accepted, shall be pub?
licly shown or exposed upon the peraon
of the officer receiving the same.
Section 2 says:
"That hereafter any present, decora?
tion, or other thing, which shall he con?
ferred or presented by any foreign gov- j
ernment to any officer of the United j
States, civil, naval or military, shall be j
tendered through the Department of
State, and not to . ie individual in per?
son."
The beneficiaries under this Act will
be Joseph Irish, of the United States
Marines, who is authorized to accept from
the Spanish government the Grand Cross
of Naval Merit of the second class, for
services rendered the officers and crew of
the Spanish war vessel Pizarro.
Lieutenant Benjamin II. Buckingham,
of the Navy, to accept from the Presi?
dent of the French Republic the Cross
of the Legion of Honor, in appreciation
of services in connection with the Expo?
sition of 1878 at Paris.
General Francis A. Walker to accept
the decoration of Knight Commander of
the Swedish Order of Wasa. tendered
him by the government of Sweden, and
also that of Commander of the Spanish
Order of Isabella, from the government
of Spain, as a recognition of his services
as chief of the bureau of awards at the
Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia.
Lieutenant Henry Metcalfe, of the
army to accept from the Sultan of Tur?
key a decoration of the Order of the
Osmanie, tendered as an evidence of the
Sultan's appreciation of the efforts of
that officer in conducting the inspection
of arms and ammunition mnnutactured
for the Imperial Ottoman government at
Providence, R. I., and Bridgeport and
New Haven, Conn.
Rear-Admiral John J. Almy to accept
a decoration of the Order of Kesneha
meba the First, which has been tendered
to him by the King of the Hawaiian
Islands as an evideuce of his apprecia?
tion of that officer.
Lieutenant Z..L. Tanner, of the navy,
late commanding the Pacific mail steamer
City of Pekiu, to accept from the Japa?
nese government a pair of flower vases
and a lacquered box in acknowledgment
of his services in rescuing four Japanese
seamen from a wreck on the Pacific
Ocean on the J9th of February, 1877.
Lieutenant Francis V. Greene, of the
army, to accept from the Emperor of
Russia a decoration of the third class of
the order of Saint Anne, for bravery
under fire at the Shipka Pass, August 23
and 24, 1877, and the assault of Plevna,
September 11,1877; also, a decoration of
the fourth class of the order of Saint
Vladimir, for bravery under fire during
the passage of the Balkans, December 25
to 21, 1877, and at the battle of Philip
popolis, January 15 to 17,1878, also the
campaign medal conferred upon all per?
sons present in the campaign.
William J. Wilson, assistant surgeon
in the United States army, to accept irom
the Khedive of Egypt a decoration of
the order of Nejidieh, for gallantry in
battle in theactiou uearGura, Abyssinia,
March 7,1876.
Commodore J. W. A. Nicholson, to ac?
cept from the Spanish government the
Grand Cross of Naval Merit, with u white
badge, as a mark of appreciation for the
services rendered to the officers and crew
of the wrecked war ship Pizarro.?JVh
iional Republican.
How She Got Into the Depart?
ment.? Washington, January 25.?One
bright morning last Spring the Hon.
John Sherman was sitting in his office
when suddenly a bright haired, pretty
girl dashed into his presence. She was
apparently 16, and had about her an air
of business which even the cool gaze of
the Ohio statesman could not trans?
form into maideu fright or flurry. De?
liberately taking a seat, the girl said:
4,Mr. Suerman, 1 have come here to get a
place." "There are none vacant," was
the reply. "I know you can give me a
place if you want to, nud I think I am
as much entitled to it as anybody. My
lather spent his life iu the United StateH
army, and when he died he left nothing.
The responsibility of the family is on
me, and I think I have got as good a
claim as any one else on thegovernment."
"What kind of a place do you want?"
I doti't care what it is, but I must have
work at once." Mr. Sherman assuied
her that tlure were ten applicants for
every one place, and there was very little
chance. She very deliberately told him
that such an answer wouldn't do, and
declared that if he would allow her she
would come up every day and black his
shoes, if he couldn't do better for her.
The Secretary was struck with her deter?
mination and charmed by her bright
face and her sprightly manner. He told
her to come buck. In less than a week
she had a good place in the Treasury,
which she still holds. Every morning
she walks to the department with the
step of a business little woman who is
proud that her delicate hands can be the
support of others. She receives $100 a
month and supports in comfort her
mother and sister. Thi6 brave, bright
young woman is Miss Mary Macauley,
formerly of Atlanta. Her father was a
lieutenant in the Eighteenth Iufautry.?
Vor. Atlanta {Ga.) Republican.
? Church debt-raiser Kimball has vis
is cd one hundrid and sixty churches and
raised, directly or indirectly, some eleven
million dollars from church members.
? A tele-tram from St. Louis, January
26, sBys: Lieut. Charles Gibson, of the
United Stales Army died here yesterday
of inflammation of the brain, believed to
be the result of circumstances which oc?
curred while he was at West Point. One
day, while on parade, a Bpider got into one
of his ears. By the rules he was not al?
lowed to raise his hand, and stood in the
ranks more than an hour, while the spi?
der worked its way in the ear. When
dismissed, his ear was full of blood, and
the insect could not he removed for two
days. This caused a corrosion of the hone
next to the brain, and gave him n good
deal of trouble. He went to his regi?
ment in Northern Dakota, and. after
performing considerable service and suf?
fering from a severe attack of sickness he
came home, expecting to resign, but, as
it proved, ooiy to dre,
A SCENE IS PARLIAMENT.
Despotic Towers io be Obtained by Eng?
land Over Ireland in a Despotic Man?
ner.
London, February 2,1881.
In the House of Commons last night
I William Henry Smith, conservative, and
J formerly first Lord Admiralty, rose to a
I question of order, and said ihat Mr. Par
nell was one of the eleven members who
had spoken thirty-three times on motions
for adjournment. Mr. Smith summoned
Dr. Playfair to name Mr. Parnell as be?
ing guilty of wilful obstruction. Mr.
Playfair ruled that a sufficient case was
not made out for such proceedings. Mr.
Milbank, conservative member for York?
shire, rose to a point of order. He said
that Mr. Biggar had just applied to him
the epithet of "fool," with a foul prefix.
Dr. Play fair ruled that tbo expression
was disorderly. Another motion fur ad?
journment having been negatived, Mr.
Biggar rose on a matter of privilege. He
said that Mr. Milbank had crossed the
flour of the House and called him an im?
pudent scoundrel. Mr. Biggar denied
that he had called Mr. Milbank a fool.
Mr. Milbank said he distinctly heard Mr.
Biggar use the expression. Dr. Playfair
said it was the duty of Mr. Milbank to
apologize to the House for calling Mr.
Biggar a scoundrel, but not to Mr. Big?
gar. Mr. Milbank then made an apology
in accordance with the decision of the
deputy speaker. The incident termi?
nated, and the House resumed the debate.
Mr. Commouo, hoine-rule member for
lioscommon, resumed his seat at 3.45 this
morning, atter having spoken nearly two
hours. Several mein hers rose to a point
of order while he was speaking, but the
Deputy Speaker, Playfair, stated that
although Mr. Com mono was greatly try?
ing the patience of the House, he was in
order.
The House was still in sessiou at 5
o'clock a. m.
10 a. m.?The debate continued until
9 o'clock this morning, when the Speak?
er, who had resumed the chair, relieving
Deputy Speaker Playfair, declined to
allow the debate to continue longer. A
scene of great excitement then occurred.
At 9.80 a. in. a division was taken with
the result that the government obtained
leave to bring in a bill fur the protection
of lile and property in Ireland by a vote
of 164 to 19. Tire home-rule members
then left the House iu a bud}', and the
bill was read for the first time. Tho
second reading was fixed fur noon to-day.
The House then adjourned, having sat
continuously for about 42 hours.
It is understood that the appeal to the
authority of tbe chair, which eventually
was successful in slopping the obstruction
in the House, was agreed upon by the
leaders of both the liberal and conserva?
tive parlies. The final speech before the
intervention of the Speaker was by Mr.
Biggar, who concluded by expressing his
wish for the success of leniaiiism. Du?
ring Mr. Bigsjar's speech Premier Glad?
stone entered the House and was luudly
cheered. It was at this point that the
Speaker resumed the chair at 9 o'clock a.
m. He immediately said :
"During forty hours the House has
been occupied by repeated motions for
adjournment, supported by small minor?
ities in opposition to the general sense of
the House. A crisis has arisen, which
demands the prompt interposition of the 1
chair and the House. A measure, re?
commended as urgent in Her Majesty's
speech a month ago, is boiug arrested by j
an inconsiderable minority. It is neces?
sary to vindicate the credit and authority
of the House. I am satisfied that I shall
best carry out its will, and may rely upon
its support, if I decline to call upon any
more members to speak, and immediately
proceed to put the several questions to a
vote. It will be necessary tor the House
to assure a more efficient control over its
debates or entrust greater authority to
tue chair."
The Speaker was repeatedly and en?
thusiastically cheered. The '.oteoflG-l!
to 19 on the division, at 9.30 a. m., was
that on which the amendment to adjourn J
the debate was rejected. The Speaker,
then put the motion that leave be given j
to bring in the protection bill. The j
home-rulers here for two minutes siiouted,
''Privilege!'' "Privilege!" and then, as
the Speaker still remained standing, tljey
all left the House iu a body, bowing to
the Speaker as they did so, the otiier
members cheering their departure. The
motion that leave be given to bring in .
the bill was then unanimously agreed to. j
Mr. Gladstone then announced that he
would move on Thursday that if, on no- j
tice being given that the business of the
House is urgent, and if on call of the
Speaker forty members shall support the
demand for urgency, the Speaker shall
forthwith put the question without de?
bate, amendment or adjournment, and if
the question of urgency be decided iu the
aliirmaiive by 3 to 1, tuen the powers of
the House for the regulation of its busi- j
ness shall be vested iu and remaiu with j
the Speaker until he shall declare that
the stale of public business is no longer
urgent.
Mr. Gladstone gave notice that he pro?
poses to follow the motion above referred
to by a resolution declaring that the state :
of public business is urgent.
1.30 p. in.?The Speaker's interference,
which closed the obstructive debate in i
the House of Commons this morning,'
and forced the first reading of the pro- :
tection bill, was evidently pre-arranged, i
as he read from the manuscript the stale-,
meut in which he announces that the
crisis had arisen demanding the inter- |
fcreuce of the chair and the House.
On the re-assembling of the House, the j
Speaker, replying to Mr. Laboucbere, I
liberal, said he had acted solely on his j
own responsibility. Mr. Parneil said he i
also wished to call attention to the!
Speaker's ruling. The Speaker informed I
Mr. Parnell that it was not a question of i
privilege. He must therefore give no-j
lice. Mr. A. M. Sullivan, home ruler. |
moved an adjournment of the House to i
enable the Speaker to search fur prece?
dents for his rulings. A lively diseir
aiou is progressing. The House is crowd
ed, every available seat being occupied.
The debate on Mr. A. M. Sullivan's mo?
tion to adjourn continues. Mr. Sullivan
made an indignant speech. Mr. Gray,
home-ruler, seconded the motion for ad?
journment. Mr. Gladstone deprecated
adjournment. Mr. Co wen, liberal, and
Lord Churchill, conservative, supported
me motion to adjourn. Sir Stafford
Northcote, conservative, supported tho
government in its desire io reach n sec?
ond reading of Mr. Forster'a protection
bill. Messrs. Shaw and Labnucheic, and
mo.-t of the Irish members and indepen?
dents, supported the motion for adjourn?
ment. Mr. Giron, advanced liberal, said
he thought Ireland would regard the
acti?-? of the Hou-cs as an attempt _to
crush the liberty of speech of the Ir:"h
members.
[It is stated in a telegram from the
House Committee that there is every
probability that another day will bo
waste.!.]
5.80 p. in.?The debate in the HotiPe
of Commons still continues. Several
violent scenes look place, and theie were
calls of order upon Mr. Gladstone point?
ing out that some of A. M. Silliva 's
communis od tbo oonduyv of the Speawr
were not in order. Mr. Sullivan shook
his fist at Mr. Gladstone, and said he
! thanked God that the rules of the House
! were not in Mr. Gladstone's bands. Mr.
Mitchell Henry said he considered that
the Irish members had taken an unten
I able position ; that they misrepresented
I the opinion of the country and sacrificed
i the rights of the people. Mr. Henry
j was interrupted by Mr. Phillip Callan
and other members, who accused him of
I attributing falsehood to Mr. Parnell.
I G.30 p. m.?The debate continues,
i The Irish members up to 5.55 p. m. con?
tinued their obstructive motions. As
the House rises at G o'clock p. m.,
Wednesday, they will doubtless be suc?
cessful in preventing Mr. Forster from
moving the second reading of his bill
and making the usual explanatory state- j
ment on doing so, though ho has urered
the convenience of that course. The
ppeeches of the Irish members show
much heat and indignation. Mr. O'Don
nell maintained that the House should
adjourn, as otherwise Mr. Forster would
have an opportunity to make an inflam?
matory statement, which would go forth
without contradiction. After tu:* motion
to adjourn had been negatived, the Irish
members, to prevent Mr. Forster from
making his statement, objected to every
bill upon the order of the day, thus occu?
pying the time until the House was
obliged to adjourn, just previous to which
Mr. Redmond, new member for New
Ross, took his seat.
Tale of a Mermaid,
An incident was related the other day
by an old sea captain, who swore to its
authenticity in the most vehement man?
ner. He was speaking of the famine
which occurred some years ago in the
Azores, and other neighboring Islands,
and in Maderia also, and of the~8traits to
which the inhabitants were reduced for
want of fond.
"You see," said he, "I was laying off
Funchal with a cargo of hardware
vine shears, cultivators and such like.
I sailed the brig Skylark from New
York. Well, our provision?gin out, and
I calculated to lay in a supply at Fun?
chal, but there wau't none there."
"What!" said we, "none?"
"No, none. The cattle had all died.
cDnsequently there waru't no beef;
sheep had all died, and there warn't
no mutton; hogs all got the measles so
there waru't no pork; chickens all eaten
up by foxes, so there warn't no fri?
cassees.
"That'? rather a dismal picture," was
ourreplv; "how did the people procure
food ?"
"Food; well, they kind o' lived on
yarbs and roots; stole mules?the only
thing that didn't die?and eat them."
"How about fish?couldn't they take
fish as usual?"
"Narry fish ; the fish all went out o'
them ar latitudes. There warn't sharks
left, let alone anything worth catch?
ing."
"Why, that was strange."
"Yes; the only thing left in the har?
bor was mermaids, and they were nigh
unto starvation, too."
"The what?" we asked in surprise.
"Tne mermaids? Can't you hear?"
yelled the captain, angry at even a hint
of skepticism.
"What! do you believe there are such
creatures as mermaids?"
"Do I believe it? No, I don't be?
lieve it; I know it! I reckon,stranger,
I've seen a dozen of era at a time, a turn
liu' in the surf like a lot of monkeys
among the riggin ?"
"Indeed 1 and what do they feed
upon ?"
"Well, I reckon, principally fish.
I've seen 'em catch herrin', stranger,
and eat 'em up raw, as fast as a Dutch
baby ken eat pickles."
"How did they get along at the lime
you speak of?" we inquired, endeavoring
to assume an appearance of credulity.
"You said the fish had entirely disap?
peared."
"I did, and the poor mermaids suffered
badly. Why one night, as I was com in'
down from the towu to the quarry
where the brig's boat was tied up, I seed
a fire burning on the beach. I reckoned
first it was lot of drunken sailors makin'
punch. Well, I bore up towards it, and
what d'ye think it was?"
Of course we gave it up.
"Well, I'll tell you, and then you can
see the state of starvation folks was in.
Stranger," and here the captain pulled
a solemn face, "it was a mermaid set Li n'
over a fire, coo/sin* her own tail for sup?
per.
A Grr.t JHulc Market.
St. Louis, Mo., is the great mule mar?
ket of the country, the central point from
which this species of stock is distributed
all over the Union. A reporter for the
Republican recently visited one of the
large dealers and gathered the following
facts regarding the mule trade the present
season:
The mule season has fairly begun
but is far from being as active
as the season was last year. There are
several drawbacks. Cotton planters have
not commenced to ge? ready for their
ploughing. The cold weather prevailing
has set them buck, and besides they
bought largely last year and will not
need so many this year. The export de?
mand is very small. The demand from
the East and North is not very large.
Speculators made a good deal of money
the first three months of the year 188U,
and their profits the balance of the year
were also large. On ull their ventures
they made money, prices kept on ad vane
ing and the demand was very urgent,
and this made speculators somewhat
reckless. Last summer they began buy?
ing and contracting for January and
February of 1S81, and paid pretty good
prices. Now country shippers and spec?
ulators find that their anticipations are
not being realized, and from the present
outlook it is not uidikely that they will
lose money. One prominent mule ship?
per, who has over a thousand head cor?
ralled up in an interior county in Missou
ri, remarked to the reporter, "I have a
large bunch, and if anybody will pay me
first cost ami the feed, I will let him have
the mules and take oil*$3,000 bcsides.and
I know others who will takeoff a pcrcen
tage it they can get back their money
oniy." Mr. William P. Croswhite, a
well known feeder, was also interviewed
by the reporter and asked why had the
receipts fallen oil' here. The total
receipts of horses and mules from Janu?
ary 1 to the 19, inclusive, were only 2,
512 head, while for the corresponding
nineteen days in 1880 the receipt were 6,
G18 head, or nearly three times as many
as in 1881. "Well, you see," said Mr.
Croswhite, "the demand for mules is
small and prices fluctuating and not very
! high at thut, and thus keep back the
j supply. Were the demand as large as
ln-t January, the receipts would be as
liberal."
i ? The Raleigh Farmer and Mechanic
?ays: Strange as it may seem, there have
ben more than 40 persons burned to
de ith in North Caiolina within the thr e
m mths past, including the ten wLo
, mrre burned xm th? miruWs,
The Wonderful ; South Caroliua Clay
. Beds.
Frequent and urgent * requests have
been made fur more precise and definite
information respecting the South Caro?
lina lay beds. It is proposed in response
to these inquiries to give'some facts and I
details respecting them, not familiar to
the genera! public. The! result of io
3uiries show that the South Carolina clay
epnsits differ in many respects from all
other known deposits of clay, foreign and
domestic?in formation and in mode of
treatment, and that in all respects they
are anomalous and wonderful. It is as?
certained that a'large amount of the clay
is now annually put on the market; that
the clay is highly appreciated and largely
j utilized in several important industries,
I displacing to a large extent English clays,
j and that the business has, in fact, taken
I on such proportions and become so well
established as to take rank among our
great American industries.
LOCATION OF THE DEPOSITS.
The locality of these deposits is in gen?
eral in Aiken County, in the vicinity of
Bath, on the South Carolina Railroad,
and about ten miles west of Aiken, the
well-known winter resort.
The main deposit is at Kaolin, a vil?
lage on the highlands or hills about one
mile to tbe south of and at an elevation
of about one hundred and fifty feet above
Bath station.
Here, confessedly, is the grand centre
of the South Caroliua clay enterprise.
Here is found the mammoth bed of tbe
South, and, to far as known, of the world.
The bed is fully twenty feet thick, has an
average breadth of one thousand feet,
andis probably over one mile in'lengtb 1
Suffice to say, the clay is utterly inex?
haustible, no matter to what extent the
working be increased, for at least one
hundred years.
From this bed is taken the clay known
as the "White, Pure and Lustrous,"
"Excelsior," also the "Extra Buff" clay.
ANTECEDENTS.
The magnitude of the deposit appro?
priately gave the name Kaolin to the
village more than twenty years ago, and
here, at about that time, the "Southern
Porcelain Manufacturing Company" wa?
organized, and extensive and costly
works were built by it for the manufac?
ture of a general line of pottery ware
from the clay here found. During the
war the South was largely supplied with
china ware from the Kaolin works.
Here, also, during the war, this clay did
good service to tbe Confederacy, for from
it "insulators" for telegraph wires were
extensively made?glass insulators uot
being obtainable at tue time.
"In the course of human events" the
entire corporate property of thecompanj
named, which included the village ol
Kaolin mid seven hundred acres of clay
land about it, came by purchase into the
bands of the present owners, R. Mc
Natuee & Co. Another purchase, tliatol
a plantation of lour hundred acres ad
joining, brought to them the celebrated
"Diamond Lustre" clay bed. This clay,
it is said, is now the standard clay I'm
wall paper manufacturers, and is highly
valued as well in other industries.
And now some particulars as to the
position of the clay in the earth, how the
bed is opened and how worked.
Kaolin Village, as stated, is on high
laud?it is built along the summit ridge.
It is beneath the surface of this high
ridge, some twenty-five feet, that the clay
deposit is located. And this position ol
the clay favors both the working of the
bed and the drainage of it. The clay is
reached by a horizontal cut in the side ol
tbe hill, aud through this cut the clay is
removed to the drying sheds near by, ana
the cut naturally takes the drainage
water and gives a roadway for the earth
removed from over the clay, for the earth
ttiuit be removed ; theclay is not reached
aud worked through a tunnel or shaft a>
iu tbe case of coal and miuerals?this
would be quite impracticable.
CHARACTER OF THE EAltT.lI COVERING.
The land, though not barren, is not
valuable for agricultural purposes; the
soil is light and sandy, yet cotton and
corn are to some extent grown upon it.
also trees, as pine and oak. Stones and
isolated rucks considerably abound.
Shell stones also are frequent?these
when opened are found filled with a reo
powder?an oxide of iron. Below the
surface sand and sand only is met with
down to the clay. The sand for tbe most
part is of a light brown color till within
a few feet of the clay, when the color
changes to white, and the deeper the
white sand the better the clay.
In order to reach and to work the clay
all this sand covering must be removed,
as already stated, aud tbe amount re
moved at a time is usualiy enough for a
season's work at clay.
And now that the clay is reached, we
come to the
MANNER OF WORKING THE BEDS.
First of all the surface of the clay is
scraped and swept to clear it of any re
fuse clay and all remains of the sand.
The immense body of white and glist?
ening clay now exposed to view is solid,
compact and continuous in all its length,
breadth and depth, not existing iu pock?
ets as do most other clays. It is com?
pact aud solid as marble. Here, surely,
one finds a good specimen of the "Solid
South."
but the clay, although solid, is not
hard; it does not require giant powder to
blast it, nor does it require au ore mill to
grind it. With a pickaxe you may break
it from the bank, with a knife you may
whittle it; you may shapo from it a
faultless block of a foot square, or if you
will a shaft of the size 01 the Egyptian
obelisk, and water will quickly reduce
the clay, so apparently hard, to powder.
Suspend a piecB of it dry iu water and
quid-' it begins to disintegrate, and its
partictes, exceedingly fine, fall like snow.
The clay is also pure?pure as the Al
pine snow?it does not requre, therefore,
like all English clays and most American
clays, to be washed to remove free siiicia
and general impurities from it. The
South Carolina clay has already been
washed and purified in nature's great and
perfect lavatory; but though pure, the
clay is uot lully dry, about 20 per cent,
of water remains, and hence it must be
removed to the sheds to dry. But lor
I tiiis moisture the clay could be packed
j directly at the lied as taken out.
! The analysis of the South Carolina clay j
shows it to be a pure silicate of alumina, ]
that it has scarcely a trace of iron, and j
as to lime, that it i? absolutely free. The j
analysis also shows the clay to have a
high percentage of alumina, the constit?
uent of chief value.
Taking these South Carolina clay de?
posits, all in all, are they not tui generis
anomalous and wonderful? and where
else in all the world can their like be ;
found? aud in view of the high quality j
of the clay, it is but natural that the clay ]
Sliould be utilized as staled, largely in .
many important industries. While tho j
wall paper trade uses the clay largely,!
the chief consumers of it are the paper- j
makers. In the "middle ages" of paper- [
making the paper-makers were a little'
coy about owning the u?e of clay, but
now in this Nineteenth Century of the
trade it is otherwise; and clay is felt lo
b*? ead owned vo be* aiaost a* ccctfrcit?,.
1 especially in connection with straw, wood
and jute stock, and its u?e in paper is
general in Europe as well as in America.
A SUCCESSFUL ENTERPRISE, AND WHY.
Until ISO'S little had been done to
utilize the South Carolina clays outside
the State. It was in that year that Mr.
R. McNamee, of New York, engaged
with ample capital in this clay enterprise,
and from that time to the present he has
given to it his energetic services, and to
him is largely due the credit of bringing
South Carolina clay prominently to the
front and of creating a large demand for
it.
Mr. McNamee began with the purchase
of forty acres in 18U3. He continued his
purchases from year to year, and now in
1SS0 his firm holds nearly eighteen hun?
dred acre* of clay lands around Kaolin,
as a centre.
In addition to the beds above mention
ed, there are several others in successful
operation in the State, the largest being
those owned and controlled bj Col. T. J.
Davies, on Beech Island, in Aiken Coun?
ty, and J. J. \V. Huckabee, at Granite
ville, on the South Carolina Railroad, in
the same county. Fv m these beds clay
of a very superior quality is taken, and
they have high reputation in the markets
of the world.?Monthly Report of S. C.
Agricultural Department.
A PEOPLE WITHOUT A HOME.
TIu? Meniionitc Emigrants from Russia
?The Efforts of Major Alexander Mel
eher* to Urli.gr Them to this State?Who
the Mennonltcs Are.
Charleston Xcus and Courier.
For a number of years Major Alex?
ander Melchers, of this city, has devoted
a great deal of attention to the subject of
foreign immigration, and has doue much
to encourage the influx of new people
into South Carolina. He is now endeav?
oring to secure a favorable situation upon
which to locate a colony of Ilussiuu
Meunonites, ard is in correspondence
with persons iu different sectiotis of the
Slate in regard to the scheme.
During the past six years, largely
through his representations and by his
persistent efforts, three thousand immi?
grants have been induced to come to this
State, and have been provided with com?
fortable homes. He has a faithful ally
in the Rev. Mr. Neumann, a missionary
among the immigrants ut Castle Garden,
New York, who is anxious to secure ^ood,
cheap homes for the strangers who are
committed to his care and whose locatiou
he can do much to determine. ?
During the month of December, iu
company with Major Melchers, he made
a partial tour of the Slate, visiting the
Counties of Abbeville, Anderson, Green?
ville, Oconee and Spartauburg. Their
object was to look out a body of land
containing from five to ten thousand
acres, which could be secured at a nomi?
nal price or altogether free of costs to
-uch colouiats as would locate upon it,
and, becoming permanent settlers, iorm
ibe nucleus lor a larger colony. They
.ound in Oconee County plenty of cheap
.and, but with defective titles. In other
counties they found many large, tracts of
land, but with no disposition or apparent
desire ou the part of the owners to dis
pose of it upon such terms as would be
tvitbin the reach of those wishing to
secure homes. The sale at a low price or
the gift of a few thousand acres of laud
would, in their judgment, so enhance the
value of surrounding real estate that it
could be sold at pa)iog figures.
Major Melchers was as:?ured by a gen?
tleman in Walhalla that he wouid bring
A\t matter before the people of Ocouee
County and endeavor to secure their co
operation in placing a large tract of
mountain land at the disposition of the
Menuonites as an inducement for them
lo make their home iu that section of the
State. Mr. Maeus'er thinks there are a
number of gentlemen in Georgetown
County who will give from five hundred
to a thousand Keren as a nucleus for the
settlement of the immigrants in that
county, and, after consultation with
Major Melchers, went to Columbia on
Monday night to suggest to the State
board of Agriculture the wisdom and
practicability of giving the forfeited lands
in Georgetown County to the immigrants
lipon ea?y terms. These lands amount to
from thirty-five to thirty-seven thousand
acres. If satisfactory arrangements can?
not be made with the landholders in this
State the Meunouite immigrants will go
to other States, and will probably settle
in considerable numbers iu North Caro?
lina and Tennessee.
The Meunouite immigrants began com?
ing to this country about six years ago
and went to the Northwest, many of them
locating in Minnesota and Kansas. At
the time of their coming Major Melchers
made an eihirt to secure their settlement
in this State. No cheap lands could be
secured heie. The railroads offered free
transportation from Chicago to the West,
and the chances were ail against us. But
the railroads do not now luruish free
transportation, property ha< become more
valuable in the West, and the induce?
ments for immigrants lo come South are
favorable.
The Russian Meunonites are a sturdy
agricultural people, and are noted for
their industry and modest worth. They
come from an ancestry who sounded ail
the depths of political and religious per?
secution, and originally came from Switz?
erland and South Germany, whence they
emigrated to Southern Russia, settling
first iu the Dnieper aud later near the sea
of Azov. They acquired considerable
property, and in 1S7U formed a popula
lion of about forty thousand. By special
decrees of the Emperor they were ex?
empted from miliiary duly. In 1871
this privilege was abolished, and no
alternative was left them except conscrip?
tion or emigration, the privilege of emi?
gration being confined to the period from
1871 to 1S81. They are opposed to war,
and rather than sacrifice their principles
they have determined to accept the alter?
native left to them by the Russian gov?
ernment, and are coming to America to
find homes. The time for their depart?
ure is at hand, and their emigration will
begin iu the Spring. Fifteen villages
will be broken ap entirely, and their in?
habitants will come to this country with
all their possessions. These villages
contain SOU families, or about 4,000 per?
sons.
It will take from fifty to eighty thou?
sand acres of land for the settlement ol \
the eight hundred families, who will de?
vote their attention almost exclusively to
farming operations. They are well ac?
quainted with the culture of grain, but
have never tried to raise cotton.
The Menuonites are pretty well edu?
cated, and can, almost without exception,
read and write. Nearly all of them have
some property, and the coming of so
thrifty and economical a population
would be of inestimable benefit to the j
State.
WINE GROWERS FROM WURTEMBERG.
Major Melchers is also trying to secure
a location in the upper part of ihe State
fnr a colony from Wurtemberg, Germany,
who will engage in the cultivation of the
vine. Their vineyards in Wurtemberg
have been destroyed by the fly, and they
want to settle in this State, the tipper
fOTHoo of wbitih j? ,bo woil adopts in
soil and climate to the growth of the
grape. M?j. Melchers has been in cor?
respondence with these people for over a
year, and the indications for their early
coming are quite encouraging.
-
Ueneral.News Summary.
i ? Georgia"? per cent, bonds recently
sold for $1.25. m
? Strawberries are selling in|Ncw$York
fur six dollars a quart.
j ? A coal company in Colorado struck
: oil a few days ago at a depth of 1,145
jfeet.
? Butler county, Pa., pays over one
I thousand dollars a year bounty on fox
I scalps.
j ? A new telegraph company with
; $1,000,000 capital Las been organized in
I Chicago.
i ? New York had 2,389 new buildings
I begun in 18S0, at an estimated cost of
! ?23,938,000.
j ? The national dpbt of England is
held by about 23,000 people; that of
France by about 4.000 000.
? The colored Republicans of Augusta,
Ga., have endorsed Senator Bruce for a
place in Gen. Garfield's Cabinet.
? The city council of Jefferson, Ga.,
has placed the license for selling liquor
at one thousand dollars per annum.
? The commissioner of pensions savs
it will require $500,000,000 to pay all
claims under the arrearages of tue pen?
sion law of 1879.
? It is'pstimated that at least twenty
thousand dollars worth of spirituous li?
quors were sold at Greenwood, Abbeville
county, last year.
? A man sold two cats which he had
dressed to a restaurant keeper in New
York for rabbits, and got twenty-five
cents a piece for them.
? Oscas A. Rice, late deputy collector
of internal revenue at Batan Rouge, has
been committed to prison on a charge of
embezzlement, in default of ?10,000 bail.
? N. L. Webb, of Georgetown county,
S. C, has been convicted of fraudulent
voting and sentenced to two months' im?
prisonment, and to pay a fine of one
hundred dollars.
? Senator Dennis, of Maryland, has a
twelve acre terrapin pond in which bo
raises terrapins for market. He has sold
as many as twelve thousand in one year.
They bring from ten. to.fourtcen dollars
a dozen.
? In the Senate nfthe North Carolina
Legislature, a bill has been introduced
proposing an amendment to the constitu?
tion to ilie effect that after 1895 no oue
who cannot read^or^write shall be allow?
ed to vote.
? A young man named James Gaddis,
of Chattanooga, Tenn., killed his mother
recently. They had been drinking to?
gether and quarrelled, when he struck
her with a poker, which caused her death
in a few minutes.
? Some fifty emigrants en route to the
West passed through Atlanta last week.
Among them was a lady who was said to
be the mother of twenty-nine children.
She called the roll at every station to see
that none were missing.
? Benjamin Schnell and Hattie Ger?
trude Posey were married recently by a
trial justice, at Seneca Citv. The girl is
only eight years old, and was married
with the consent of her mother, who
witnessed the ceremony.
? A negro named Bob Hennegan was
found dead iu a creek in Mecklenburg
county, N. C, his head beat into a jelly
and a chain around his neck. Four ne?
gro men have been committed to jail
charged with the murder.
? Since the commencement of the sea?
son, nearly three millions of tons of ice
have been housed in the Hudson river, at
an expense not exceeding twenty-five
cents per ton. Tho ice will average
twelve inches in thickness.
? Hon. A. S. Merrimon, in a recent
address before the North Carolina State
Prohibition Convention, said that he had
been practicing law for twenty-eight
yearn, and nine-tenths of tbe cases in his
practice have been brought on by liquor.
? Gerald Paget, fourth son of Lord
Alfred Paget, and his wife have been
hunting in Wyoming and Montana,?
One night they slept in an open tent
with the thermometer 29 degrees below
zero and the wolves howling about them.
? Ic is slated that Prof. O. C. Hill,
principal of the normal school at Oregon
Hall, Como, Mo., will be private secreta?
ry to President Garfield. Prof. Hill was
one of the faculty at Hiram College, Ohio,
when General Garfield was president of
that institution.
? The Ohio State Local Option Con?
vention has passed resolutions asking the
Legislature to pass a local option anti
liquor law, and claims that, inasmuch as
woman is the greatest sufferer from tho
liquor traffic, she ought to be allowed to
vote on this question.
? A Company with $6,000,000 capital
has been organized for the purpose of
leasing the Cincinnati Southern railroad.
If this is effected, it is proposed to form
a combination with the Kentucky Central,
Chesapeake and Ohio and the Erlanger
lines from Chattanooga.
? The Camperdown Mills, near
Greenville, are unable to fill their orders
with tbe present force employed, and tbe
superintendent is now forced to run all
niglit as well as all day. lie has issued
circulars calling for two hundred and
fifty additional operatives to whom good
wages and steady work is promised.
? The North Carolina Legislature
will probably order a special election for
May or August to find out the popular
sentiment on the question of prohibition.
If the people are in favor of prohibition,
the Governor will be requested to call an
extra session of the Legislature to pa.?s
at once an unqualified prohibitory Jaw.
? St. Louis gamblers propose to evade
State laws next spring by fitting out a
boat on the Mississippi River, with a
large main cabin for keno and smaller
rooms for faro, roulette and hazard.
Each passenger is to pay $1 fare, and
three fourths of the fares are to consti
tuie "pots" for the game, the bank de?
ducting the usual commission.
? The annual report of the commis?
sioners of emigration for the year 1S80
was completed on the 25th. The total
number of passengers arriving at Castle
Garden was 372,880. Of this number,
104.204 came from Germany, 66,399 from
England, and 10,190 from Italy. Tho
report recommends that Congress make
such laws as may be required touching im?
migration.
? Virginia is to have a civil rights
case as to a public Bcnbol. At Lynch
burg a white girl was dismissed from
school because she lived with a negro
family and had a reputation somewhat
doubtful. All the other scholars quit
when she entered. So it was a necessity
to turn her off or shut up shop. Suit has
hpen brought Against tbe District School
Board at Lynchburg.
? General Garfield in a speech in the
House of Representatives in 1874, said:
"The divorce between Church and State
ought to be absolute. It ought to be so
absolute that no church property any?
where, in any State or in the nation,
should he exempt from equal taxation ;
for if you exempt the property of any
church organization, to that extent you
impose a church tax upon tho whole
community"