Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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BY E. B. MURRAY & CO. ANDERSON, S. C., THURSDAY, MORNING, DECEMBER 9, 1880. VOLUME XVT -TSTO 99 INAUGURATION DAY. IHTOSINO CEREMONIES IN Til IC O/s TI TO I. AT COLCMUIA. Tho Sortie lu tho Hall of Kepi i scnt.it 1\?.? -I-arge Crowd uf Spectators-Distin guished , l'urtlcliuuitM- Our. Hngood's Able Address-Lieut.-Gor. Kennedy A?siiuie* the Presidency of tho Senate Venerable Stute Itellca. Special Dispatch tu ?he News and Courier. COLUMBIA, S. C., Nov. ?IO. Thc Governor and Licutenant-Goveru or elect were inaugurated to-day at 1 p. m. in the Hall of Representatives in tho presence of a large assemblage of citi zens. Long before the hour appointed the gallery, the lobby and the floor of the House were fully occupied by hun dreds of fair Indies'with their escorts, who employed the spare time in listening to the proceedings of thc House. Punctually at 1 o'clock the Senate headed by Senator Witherspoon, the President pro tem., with tho officers of thc Senate on his right and left, appeared at tho door of the House and were re ceived hy the members standing. The President ascended to the Speaker's stand and was received by thc Speaker. The members of tho Senate were seated on the right and left of tho Speaker's stand in chairs reserved for them. A moment later the Governor and Lieutenant-Gov ernor elect, acting Governor Jeter, Chief Justice Simpson, Associate Justices Mc Gowan and Mciver, Judges Hugh L. Bond and George S. Bryan of thc United States Circuit Court, Ju j*,-. Frazer, now presiding as Judge of the F.-ih Circuit, the State officers, incutn lent and elect, and Mayor Courtenay of Charleston, escortetl by the joint committee of arrangements, consisting of Senators Henderson and Walker, and Represen tatives Simonton, Hemphill and Tindal, were announced at tho door of tho hall by Ibo Sergenntat-Arms bearing the mace of State, who proclaimed aloud : "His Excellency thc Governor elect and his escort." The joint Assembly, at thc order of tho Speaker, roso and received them standing until they were scated. The Governor and Lieutcnant-Governor elect, together with the Chief Justice attired in his ofli cial robes, ascended the stand, the other guests accompanying them being accord ed ?eats on the right of thc desk on the floor of the House. The Assembly having been called to order, the Speaker announced that tho Hon. Johnson Hagood, Goveinor elect, was present and ready to qualify. The Governor elect thereupon advanced io the desk on thc right ol' the Speaker, and thc Chief Justice proceeded to adminis ter the constitutional oath, as follows: "Y.ou do solemnly swear that you aro duly qualified, according to the Consti tution of the United States and the Con stitution of this State, to exercise the duties of thc office to which you have been elected. That you will faithfully discharge to the best of your ability the duties thereof. That yon recognize tho supremacy of thc Constitution and laws of the United States over tho Constitu tion and laws of any Slate, and that you will support and protect and defend tho Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of South Carolinaas ratified by tho people on tho ICth of April, 18GS. So help you (Jod." The oath was administered by tho Chic''Justice solemnly and impressively, and during its recitation the fall of a pin could have been heard, so hushed was every sound. After subscribing to tho oath Governor Hagood advanced to the front, and delivered his Inaugural ad dress, ns follows : TIjr Inaugural Address. fienators and Iicpre4cniativcs : It is with a profound sense of the responsibility imposed that I appear before you to-day to assume, in obedience to the behests of the people, the executive office. You have been called by the same sovereign voice to the discharge of an equally im portant trust, and in our hands is placed for the next two years much that nflccts tho welfare of the Stale. Relying upon your patriotism, and your wisc co-opera tion, and with a heart single in its devo tion to my Stato anti people, I approach thc duties assigned mc, and shall faith fully discharge them so far as in me lies. STATE LXTENDITUKIC3. Tho honest, economic and efficient ad ministration of thc State government, which thc party revolution of 1876 prom ised, has been realized. The ordinary current expenses of tho State government have been reduced to one-fourth of whnt it was under the management of ibo Re publican party, and have nearly leached tho minimum expenditure of tho period before the war. Every obligation of tho State is met from tho income of the fiscal year, and no deficiencies are incurred. Tho accounts of tho State are cleared from all confusion or uncertainty, and there is laid before the representatives of tho people onco nore, na b required by law, "a true and accurate account of tho actual stato of tho treasury." There is yet room for retrenchment; and as from time to time, without impairing tho effi ciei cy of the government, retrenchment can ne made in the executive, legislative and judicial departments, as well ns in tho miscellaneous expenditures, each small in itself, but aggregating n consid erable amount, it suoiil? bo done. In my observation, however, the path of further reduction of the burdens of tho taxpayers lies now rather in tho county levies, of which I "will hereafter speak, than in those which reach tho State ircuaury. While iiie Stato ?evy is four times les? than it wan nnrlor th? Repub lican administration, tho ordinnry county levy is tho samo now ns it was then. You have, no doubt, observed in tho estimate of supplies required for the sup port CT tho Stato, submitted to you nt the begin.ling of your session, tho largo pro portion of the vhole needed for tho penal and charitable institutions of the State. Whoro labor is so valuable as it is with us, I do not see why tho Penitentiary should not only bo self-sustaining, but a source of revenuo. Considerable pro gress has been made in this direction under the present ablo management of that institution ; hut the object should be kept steadily in view and attained at tho earliest possible day. In connection with that noble charity, the Lunatic Asylum. I hesitate to speak of retrenchment ; tho circumstances of our peoplo require, however tba! it should bo restricted to its purpose and and remain a charity. The pauper alono should receive the bounty of the State; those who are able to pay in whole or in part for tho benefits of the institution should be required lo do so. I am not Srepared to aasert that the bounty of the Ute is now 'abused in this particular ; but it occurs to nie that an efficient safe guard against such abuse is to return to the'plan prevailing before tho war, and, instead of supporting the pauper inmates of that institution by a gencr.d State . appropriation, to require each county to support ita own paupers in tho Lunatic ?sylattt as well ns at home. This i* en tirely confient with the scheme of our poor-laws. Thc county levies the fund for the maintenance of its sane paupers, and it is expanded under local super vision. It should also levy and retain supervision of thc fund applicable to the support of these moro unfortunate-per sons among its indigent population. The part of the State should bc limited to appropriations for such general purposes of building and repairs as are necessary to make tho institution available for its iiumaue purposes. The revenues of the State are collected with Honesty and fidelity. Thc mode of accounting with the subordinate tax offi cers provided by law is rigid, and it fs impossible to cover up fraud or negli gence on the part of these officers, if tho accounting is properly enforced in the Comptroller's office. When the money has reached the State treasury, its custody and disbursement aro jealously hedged with Klriugent provisions of the law. I know of no practical safeguard that is omitted. COUNTY EXPENDITURES. Hut with regard to the expenditure of the county revenues it seems to me that the law is seriously defective. There is now levied and expended in each county for county purposes a larger sum than it pays into the general fund which reaches thc State treasury, and is there surround ed with such careful provisions of the law. The County Treasurer retains the county fuuds in his hands, and is in re gard to their disbursement merely the cashier of the County Commissioner!!. In his annual accounting in this matter heforc tho County Auditor an order of the County Commissioners, drawn in accordance with the forms of law, is his sufficient voucher. Upon thc County Commissioners rests the responsibility of the faithful and judicious expenditure of the fund ; they are practically subjected to little or no supervision. It is true they are required to forward, through the Comptroller General, a detailed account of their transactions, to bc laid before the Legislature, and it is the theory of thc law that these accounts are by you exam ined. For tho present year but four of the counties havo forwarded their ac counts in time to be printed with the Comptroller's report. Others will, per haps, bc laid before you in manuscript during your session, and gome will not reach you at all. The General Assembly does not, and necessarily cannot, elli - cicntly discharge the duty imposed ; and thus the loose supervision of the county expenditures is in singular contrast with the rigid scrutiny enforced upon li,e State treasury. Your experience ..nd judg ment will lind the proper remedy. It appears to me that the grand jurv ol* the county is tho most suitable boi?y to be charged with examining and auditing the transactions of thc County Commission ers. If r.iued by an expert accountant, and the acct, un ts arc published for public information a sufficient time before thc examination, it will bc as thorough as can be secured. The accounts should then be forwarded to tho Comptroller General, to be by him consolidated and embodied in his next annual report as statistical information. These Commis sioners should still bc required, ns now, to submit lo the General Assembly esti mates of supplies upon which lo base the annual county levy. All that I have said in this connection applies with equal force to the disbursement by 'he counties of the school fund. An adjustment of the public debt has been reached by legislative provisions, and by a decision of tho courts. There is no Hooting debt. The debt funded aud being funded is ,??6;639,170. Of this tho scrip of the Agricultural College, amount ing to $191,800, is a permanent invest ment; the deficiency bonds and stock, amounting to $564,855, mature in 1888 ; and thc consols, amounting to $5,8S2,515, mature in 1894. The whole debt bears interest at (J per cent. In this conncctiou I would very earn estly bring to the attention of the General Assembly tbr? at, il delny in tho pay ment of interest. The interest is paya ble before the taxes levied to meet it aro fully collected; and thus some of the public creditors aro subjected to delay in receiving their dues. "This can bo cor rected by providing an earlier day For the payment of taxes ; or the Governor and Treasurer might be authorized to antici pate their collection, so far as necessary for this purpose, by a temporary loan. The consol bonds bear upon their face tho contract of tho State to receive the coupons from the same in payment of taxes. During tho period of adjustment of the debt it was impracticable to do so ; but now there is no reason why the cou pons of the Drown consols should not he thus received. It is also advisable as to this class of consols, that the operation of the law requiring interest to be paid in Neyy York as well as at tho State treasury should be resumed, but it is not .practicable to pay interest to the holders of Green consols elsewhere than at the State treasury until after tho conversion of their securities. The suggestions made would promote the convenience of thc taxpayer, and no doubt hasten the reduction of the consol bonds and stock to a uniform character. It is also desira ble, as to both consol and deficiency stocks, to adopt the plan of tho United Statea Government with regard to ita registered bonds and stocks-upon the holder furnishing the treasury with his postollice address, the'interest due is for warded by check upon each January and July. Tho punctual payment of interest and every accommodation and facility given in its collection enhances the value of the security. Already under the man agement of the State finances for thc last foUr Vea ttl its honda haya in ?!.? market from twenty-eight cents on tho dollar to par. The financial status of our State was cr.co its proudest boast. If we placo it upon the high plane it occupied before the late civil war and keep it there, our securities will rank with any governmental securities upon the market; and when thc debt matures, as it soon will do, it can bo refunded ata much lower rate of interest. A wise and prudent policy wili keep this end steadily in view; and.then with the increased taxable values, which improved credit and returning prosperity will bring, what is now a bu. then may become an inap pr?ciable we.ght to be borne or dis charged with equal facility. The third section of the eighth article bf tho Constitution of this Stato, adopted twelvo years ago, declares that "it ?hall be the duty ofthe General Assembly to provide, from time to time, for the regis tration of all electors.'' This positive mandate of the Constitution has not yet been obeyed. It is one of tho most obvious means of securing the purity of thc ballot-box ; and the failure to provide it was justly urged in complaint against those who controlled the Stato Govern ment for tho eight years following the adoption of thc Constitution. Amia the numerous matters claiming the attention of the General Assembly, and with the shortened Rexsions since that time, no registration law has been enacted. Tn my judgment tho discharge of this im K:rat?vo duty should no longer be de ycd. Indeed, in innny particular.", our eloctiun laws, ns they now stand, .ire de fective, and their revision is one of the most important subjects which demand your attention. THE PUBLIC DEDT. ELECTION LAWS. EDUCATION. Our public school system demnnds and should receive the most careful attention in order that its development may meet the necessities' of our condition. The ' States of this Union which to day aland , first in population, wealth and political influence are thoso in which, through efficient public school systems, knowl edge is most widely diffused among the people. Thc social and political restora tion of our State, and tho development, to the fullest extent, of our natural re sources, will surely follow upon the estab lishment of au educational system which will reach down to the child of the hum blest man, without regard to race or color, and qualify him for tue duties of future ' citizenship. Thc property in Charleston known as , tho Citadel is still in possession of thc : United States Government. It is of ? groat importance to our educational in- ? tcrests tlint it be restored and devoted, as formerly, to tho purpose of a State Mili tary Academy. l'art of the interest of the fund do nated by" Congress for thc maintenance of institutions for instruction in agricul ture and the incchauic arts has been applied for some years to tho higher education of the colo:ed youth of the State *?. connection with Claflin Univer sity. Tho South Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts for thc special education of thc white youth of tue State in this connection was opened in October last, and is also supported by the interest of this fund. These institu tions deserve, aa I am sure they will receive, the fostering care of tho General Assembly. The Constitution of tito State makes ii thc duty of tho General Assembly to provide for the maintenance of the South Carolina University. It is not, perhaps, within our power to renew its sphero of usefulness nt this time, but thc direction of thc Constivtition should bo obeyed at as carly a dr.y as practicable. A Uni versity of high grade, workiag in har mony with tho excellent colleges now in operation in thu State, would have the effect of stimulating education in the public schools and would complete our educational system. MATERIAL PltOtiRESS. During the two months of the recent political canvass, it was my fortune to pass through every county in the State except one. Devoted for the greater part of my life to agricultural pursuits, and familiar with most parts of theStntc, I was surprised and gratified at the diver aiued mm abundant harvests that were everywhere witnessed. Much of this was due to propitious seasons, but il was evident that more waa due to improved methods of culture nnd thc hopeful energy and increased thrift of all classes of our people. To one cognizant only of the recent past in the agriculture of tho Stale, some of the remits attained aro scarcely credible. I saw one field of three hundred and fifty acres which I have since learned yielded this year, as it had done last year, three hundred and fifty bales of cotton weighing OOO pounds eacb. Over a largo area of the same county tho crops upon the uplands were as luxuriant as upon the finest alluvial soils. These uplands were of the char acter usual throughout the middle belt of the State, which, in their unimproved condition, would require three or moro acres to produce a bale. Our farmer? toorare diversifying their crop:; and pay ing more attention to live stock than formerly. The results attained in thc small grain-oats particularly-arc equally surprising. From seventy-five tc one hundred bushels to the acre on up lands aro credibly reported in inanj instances; and thc last Fair of the Stat? Agricultural Society exhibited the largesl and best display of live s*ock I have wit nessed in the State since tho war. Tin development on thc sea islands in specia instances, by means of tile drainage ant fertilization, in the production of thi peculiarly valuable cotton there grown is equally worthy of note. It ha equalled four and five times thc result formerly attained. Near Charleston four pr.d a half ton; per aero of Bermuda bi-y have beei grown this year upon light, mndy land specially fertilized ; ana in another par of the State, upon alluvial lands not fer tilized, a meadow has yielded forthre years psst an average of two and a bal tons to the nero of tho same valuabl hay,* equal, if not superior, in fecdin quality to the best Timothy, and Bellini in the adjacent markets ut from twent to twenty-five dollars to the ton. This improved condition of our chi? industrial interests is indeed gratifying and iUustrates thc capabilities of ou favored soil and climate. But on abounding resources still sndly need dc velopment. Our minerai wealth, ou water pow -s, the producta of our forest! our agriculture itaelf, have scarcely bee touched. "Tho harvest is plenteous,-bu the laborers are few." Ono of the moi pressing needs of the State industriall is the advent nf an intelligent and thrift immigration. I commend thic subject I you ; and 1 commend to your caro tb recently established Department of Agr culture, which, wisely conducted, I nt persuaded, will be a most valuable agei in ndvancing all of the material inter?s of the State. v CONCLUSION. These happy results-this restoratic of the Stato to tho methods of good go eminent: this hopeful industry of a classes of our people and rapid adran lr. prosperity, arc due, ur.de. the prc-, deuce of God, to tho reaumntion of ?! chief eontrol of our local affairs by tb portiou of our citizens in whom tho c parity of self-government is an inlier tanr.e derived from a thou rand years a freo ancestry. It stands in strikii contrast to the wretched period of rioto misrule which preceded it under t' domination of thc lately enfrnnchis freedmen. South Carolina cannot ai will not again become a prostrate Sta' Tho God-given right of sclf-preservath inheres in communities as well na in i dividual-;. It in higher than law ai older than constitutions ; but the prc lem with us to day is to preserve the li of tho Stato within tho conditions til surround us. It is' true that never b fore in all their history have free instil tices been auhjecied to such a stuiu tho Reconstruction Acts of tho Natiot Government placed upon them hero ; I the political, equality of all men in sou Carolina is now as fixed a feature in b policy as is tho Blue Bridge in ber get raphy. In can neither be suppressed t evaded. Tho solution of the probh requires the wisest thought, tho grnv counsel. It seems to me that I see it firmness, moderation, justice. Let thc characterize every act of legislation. It is my duty as Governor to "te caro that the laws are faithfully execul in morey." I repeat tho plfeJ^e mt before my election-that io tho tuechai of this high trust I shall know neltl white man nor colored man. but 01 citizens of South Carolina, alike amei hie to her laws and entitled to their p tectio n. Tho address was doliveTed clearly n in measured tonei, and waa heard w undiminished attention throughout, its close a burst of applause shook building, and gnvo evideoco of tho feel ing of drep thankfulness that pervaded thu heart? of all preseut thai for tho next two years tho interests of South Carolina would be in thc keeping of one of Carolina's most promiocut son's whose sole aim in the future would be, as it had been in the past, to promote the peace, the prosperity, lite general welfare of her whole people. The Speaker then announced that the Hon. John. i>. Kennedy, Lieutenant Governor elect, was preseut and ready to qualify. As in the case of the Governor, the CUMS11L->tional oath was administered by the Chief Justice. The Senate then returned to the Si t? ate chamber, escorting the lieutenant Governor to his sent ns presiding officer of the body. The large audience which had witness* cd thc ceremonies in thc House lind now filled the galleries, and many ladies w ith members of the House and prominent visitors shared the lloor with thc sena tors. After a minute's intermission employed by the Licuteuant-Governor in donning his purple robe of office ho was escorted to the front ?d' the presi dent's desk by the president pro lem., Senator I. NV. Witherspoon, who in a few pleasant words iutraduced him to the body over which he was thereafter to preside The Licutenant-Governor then willi his accustomed grace of expression spoke as follows : The Lieut ciiant-<?u\??.rino V Arftlrnna. Senator?:-Having been elected to the office of Licutenant-Governor, and being required by thc Constitution of thc Stale to preside over this body, I appreciate the responsibilities imposed upon me. In thc discharge of thc duties of this office I shall bring to hear all the impar tiality and ability that I possess. The party to which the majority of the Sen ate belongs has a grave responsibility devolving upon it, and nowhere djes it rest with moro weight than upon this General Assembly, of which you are a component part. If, as has been assert ed, and with which I agree, we aro by virtue of our superior qualifications of intelligence and property the custodians of tho best interests ol'all classes and cou diiions of thc people of Smith Carolina, let us prove to the country that we appre ciate this fact, and by our legislation demonstrate it. Let our legislation con tinue to b^ above partisanship or nar rowness. Let it bc broad uud catholic, and, while corrective, at the same time progressive. Let us risc above political consideration.-; and direct our efforts to promote to the fullestextcnt thc interests and the welfare of every citizen of tho State. Let us, by stimulating industries anti fostering our material development, seek to alley political agitation and bind more closely thc bonds which should unite all o? our people The re sponsibility is all the more imperative because of the great preponderance of one political party in this General As sembly. I have such confidence in your wisdom, courage of conviction and devotion to the State, as to believe that you will meet tho fullest requirements of your responsibilities nud duties, and legislate accordingly. Invoking thc blessing of Heaven upon you and asking your kimi indulgence in tho task before me, I pledge myself to promote to tho utmost harmony and efficiency in tho deliberations of this body." At the conducion of thc address, which command so groat iuterest and attention, Senator Witherspoon moved that thc Senate adjourn. Hie vote was taken nnd carried, and as ibo new Pres ident announced the result, his first official act, tho Assembly, after congrat ulations, dispersed. The inaugural ceremonies in both houses were deeply impressive. Upon tho table directly in front of the Speak er's desk in the House were placed tho old sword and mace of Siate handed down through over one hundred years from thc old Colonial days, and first used in this ceremonial since tho war, upon tho occasion of the inauguration of Governor Hampton in 1878. These interesting old relics, bearing thc regari qu i .eringa of William and Mary, iden tified as they arc with the very childhood of tho Province of Carolina, appeared typical then, as they did to-day, of tho two great eras in the history of this peo ple, the era of their birth and tho era ofther emancipation froth thc opprobrium of Radical rule. WHAT HE HAS NOTICED.-Mr. Fac tandfancy has noticed-That thc boy who is tho most afraid of the girls is the first to be carried into matrimony. That the little boys prefer boys to girls. That they soon change, never to go back to their early love. That the little girls love tho girls best. That they don't gel over thc preference so soon aa the boys do ; some of them never. That women love tho men because t^icy love everything they have to take care of. That men love women because they can't help it. That the husband so loves his wife that he loves all women for her sake. That girls who have given over all hopes of matrimony, or who never had any, love to flirt with married men. That thc married man is apt think himself all-killing among thc fair sex, simply because he has found ono woman fool enough to murry him. That homely husbands aro the best ; th^.y never forget the compliment paid them by their wives in accepting them. That homely wives are thc truest; they know how to make ino mose ot what they have, j it":seldom Strike^ th? ???ic place, and a '. .?nely woman feels that n similar law governs question poping. That tho woman who marries docs well. That thc woman who does not marry does better nine times out of ten. That the fellow who makes thc most conquests has thc least time to brag. That the man who thinks the girls are all in love with him is happy after his ways. That the man v -jo loves all thc girls is happy after tho .noway. That the least he says about i ia love for other women, the smoother ?viii bc his matrimonial career. That it the time to atop, for fear our readers might become love sick.- Roston Tran?' rrijtt. OM: RXPEBIESCE rite:.: MANY.-"I had been sick and miserable so long and had caused my husband so much troublo ?nd expense, no one seemed to know what ailed me, that I was completely disheartened and discouraged. In Ibis frame of mind I got a bottlo of Hop Rit ters and used them unknown to my fam ily. I poon began to improve and gained so fast that my husband and family thought it strange and unnatural, but wlie? I told them what *uid helped me, they said "Hurrah for Hop Ritters! long may they prosper, for ?.Ley have mado mother well and us happy."-The Mother.-Home Journal. - A family of ncgroo exodusters, re turning from Indiana, passed through Goldsboro, N. C., a few days ago, on thc way to Pitt County, their former home. Tho party consisted of Oliver King, his wife and children, and had been on thc road seven weeks, making tho trip in a covered wagon. THE SOUTHERN STAPLE. Aiucriciin Cotton Manufactures of tho Future-Steam sunt Water Power Com pared. ATLANTA. November ll, 1880. To the Editor of the New York Herald : There aro now some 10,000,000 cotton spindles operated in tho Union. In tho year 1000, only nineteen years away, inere will be 2<5,000.000 needed, becauwe the increase of population nnd of expor tation of American goode will demand them. Thc population, ns ascertained by tlie recent census, is, in round num bers, 50,000,000. In 1870 it was 38,000,000, an increase of 31} per cent, in ten years. Tho samo rate ol incroase for tlie next two decades will make it 80,000,000. To sustain this estimate, let me suggest that from 1790 to 1820, and for each succeeding period of thirty years thc "Compendium United States Census" shows nu average increase of 140 per cent. This ratio applied to tho 38,000,000 of 1870 gives us over 90,000, 000 in 1900, thirty years later, heneo we may expect a population nearly double that of the present year, as just ascer tained. Even if this cstimato of popu lation fails, the increased tendency nt people toward mau? achires wifl compensate for thc smaller number of the population. Will not two pounds of cotton goods be required from tho United States mills iu 1000 for ono now produced ? If this is correct, 20,000,000 of spiudles will bo required. During tho interval of nineteen years most of tho spindles now in use will be norn out or otherwise destroyed. Let us aay that 0,000,000 must be replaced and 10,000,000 more must bo supplied-in all, 10,000,000, with all their preparatory nnd following machinery-before thc end of this century. Is this extravagant? I think not. One-half of tho 7,000,000 at work in 1870 were operated by steam the oilier half by water power. The Financial CAroniclc reports the home consumption last year nt 1,800,000 bales, averaging 481 pounds each. This is equivalent to over 8(50,000,000 pounds. Il thc ratio of 1870 has been maintained, some 480,000,000 pounds have been manufactured by steam iu 1870 and 1880 Is this economical ? It pays, certainly ; but does it pay as well as water power? The requisite power for 1,000 spindles with looms has been variously estimated at fifteen to twenty-five horae power. All speeds have been accelerated since thc introduction of tho American ring spindle, let us take (in media) tho rntio of twenty liorso power. For 20,000,000 spindles with looms, this ratio demaiu's 400,000 horse power. COUNTING THIS COST. Tlie steam engines of the country will average, I suppose, a consumption of six pounds of coal per horse power per hour, or GO pouuds per day of 10 houis' work. At this rato there will bo required 24,000,000 pouuds of coal daily, or 12,000 tons, to do tho amount^ of duty required. I suppose the average cost of coal will bo ?4, to cover prime cost, freigiit, drayage, labor and storngo. Hero we have a charge for steam fuel alone of $48,000 poi day, and for a working year of 312 days of $10,000,000. Add to this tho wages of engineers, firemen aud laborers t to handle the coal, tho excess of repair, f cost of engines over that of turbines, the v excess of oil required (a few gils daily t aro sufficient for a turbine of 100 horse power making eighty revolutions per. T minute), the greater cost of engines, the. j unavoidable outlay for engine and boiler houses and stacks, and tho somewhat increased danger of fire, and it seems thal $10 <X),000 ia a low estimate of tho I j annual ci of steam power for 20,000,00o of spindles with looms. What would be thc cost with water power? Tho city . of Augusta, Qa.,, has built a magnificent ? canal, which furnishes now to 12,000 j. borso power, with capacity of great increase, at the annual charge of $0.00 per horse power, or 1J cents per liorso I j power per day. One hundred horse power on this canal will costa manufac turer $000 per annum. This a splendid climate, with cheap building material;*, abundant and cheap labor, teachable, tractable, thankful for employment and utter unacquainted with "strikes" and State taxation-three tenths of one per cent.-to be reduced rather than increas- i t ed, for the State finances aro in a most Q satisfactory condition. Georgia has floated four per cent, bonds at par, a finan cial feat, I belie not paralleled by any other State. Manufacturen are firmly established there and very remunerative. 8 Stocks are far above par. At tho water rent fixed by tho city of Augusta the . 400,000 horse power estimated would cost $2,200,000 instead of $10,000,000 by steam a saving of nearly $13,000,00') j , annunlly, and of $200,000,000 in twenty \ years. If theso estimates are oven ap proximately correct, there can bo no doubt of the greatly superior economy of water over steam. IlF.fiOUItCES OF TUE SOUTH. I Water power abounds in North and B South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama, and is to bo found iu other Southern States. At Aujrt'ita the supply can bo . doubled wild, needed. At Macon a similar canal is practicable, which can , furnish an immense power. Near Co lumbia. S. C., is a magnificent power. At Athens, Ga., and its immediate vicinity there aro numerous falls of great , capacity. At Tallahassee, and at other , poi nfl in Alabama, the falls aro very , fine. Chattahoochee river, in this Stato. falls 112 feet in a distance of 12 miles, ? with thu : ucee.: ifni manufacturing city of ' Columbus at tho lower end of tue falls. Herc are tho celebrated Eaglo & Phoenix Mills, a pride to the city, to the State and to the Union. Tho river, rising far away anion;? tho mountains of upper . Georgia affords many admirablo siten along its course. Tho Tnllula, in Rabuu county, falls 450 feet in ono milo at Tal lula Falls, so well known for its pictur esque beauty and sublimity of its grand chasm. Tho James river, in Virginia, bas a great fall sm ita flows through that fained valley where Pocahontas and Capt. Smith wandered, before Hargreaves iuvented the upright spindle to be driven 8 by steam or water power. Many of your v readers have seen and admired >i.t bc&u- ' riful rapid? at Richmond. Thc Oatcnsa- * la, Etowah and Chickanmuga rivers, in f upper Georgia, all afford water power. 1 At Tangipanoa, in Louisiana, I under- j stand there is a very fine p ^wcr. But 1 there is enough for all, for perhaps a 1 hundred years to come. Tho Union will c certainly need tho 20,000,000 spiudlcs by the year 1900. Where shall the new mills 1 bo located ? There aro mills that receive { cotton loose, "in the seed," in two and 8 four-horse wagon loads, direct f'om tho j field ; weigh it on wagon scales in the J mill yard, as you do hay, gin it in tho mill and convert it into yarns immcdi- ( ntcly. I nave often seen seed cotton receiv ed in this way in the morning and spun into faultless yarns before night. This ] saves tho trouble and expenso ci baling. Even when baled, it roaches the South- I ern spinner in tho loosely packed pian- ] tor's package, not after compression (for I shipment) under a great pressure of i many hundred tons into a bulk about t one-fifth that of tho planter's bale, in < which state it remains es bard as aboard for six to twelve months before it reaches thc distant mill. Can any one doubt that the Southern spinner may wifely disperse with part of tho violent and destructive "beating" thnt nTnecessary to the Northern nud foreign spinner to restore thnt lifo and elasticity of fibre which have been squeezed out of it? by thc gigantic compresses of tho day ? So much for Southern water power, ns sompared with steam. There is much of it north of the Potomac, but much more available here, at tho cotton fields, ind never impeded by ice. TUT. COUrt8E OF PROGRESS. Northern manufacturers excel us now in design and coloring and. weaving skill, ind will long continue to do so ; but in the manufacture of the heavier colton sloths, and of tho lower numbers of furn, wo aro firmly established and por TecUy successful, as the extremely salis-, factory dividends from many Southern nills sufficiently attest. Northern wea rers give up tons tte heavy good?, and iiuy annually hundreds of tons of South ?ru yarns. Why is this? Simply be muso we can spin as woll as any oilier ipiunors and more cheaply. If it were mt so would these skillful and thrifty leonie buy of us? As wo increase the jroduction of yarns, more and more milla viii bo started North to consume them, iud as Northern weavers learn moro and nore to depend upon us for their sup dies, wo will, before long, bo spinning iner numbers of yaru*, then Northern pinners must go to GO's. 80's and 100's. ive will soon, probably, compete with he North in manufacturing print cloths, o be printed there into the exquisito lalicoes now make. Filially, wo will loinmenco spinning fine yarns for cxpor- j allon to Europe. Tliegreatimpediucutin he way of immediate and rapid progress is he poverty of thc people, but ibis is rap dly passing away, and wo will be* able o tako a respectable portion of thc new piddles that will soon ho needed. And 1 lefore tho end. of this century all tho 1 Southern States will present a very dif- i crent aspect. With such advantages as rc have the story is not near told. Is it 1 int strange thal thc vast accumulations >f wealth North and East and in Eug and do not find their woy to this favored 1 egiou, which lucks nothing but capital o create a manufacturing industry 1 n'thtsfliuo that will not only bo very enumerative, but will add to tho glory 1 f Hip reconstructed Union nnd mnkc it et moro signally tho "wonder ((f un ions?" Hundreds cf thousands read '? our bright cosmopolitan journals. You | an resell them with sound suggestions n this important subject. Can you nc ept tho views hero suggestod? If you an, send them abroad, East, West, forth, and South, and "across tho wa- 1 ers," and let us see theso magnificent 1 ti earns, now wasting their magnificent 1 realth of power in ino Atlantic and the 1 ?ulf, hr.rnesaed and made to minister to ur progress and thu progress of the 1 i. morcan people. HENRY V. MEWS. 1 No PUNINESS OUT THERE.-Sonie rhere between Leadville, and Ounnison 1 )ity wanders u Detroiter who is penniless ngged, hungry aud discouraged. Four ! ,-eeks ago bc met n Michigan man out' 1 here and sent his love to all inquiring 1 rienda at home, and explained why he 1 fas in that hard up condition. He was 00 honest and too particular for that 1 ountry. He reached Ounnison City ? vi thou t a dollar in his pocket, but with ota of ambit ion in his soul, and soon met 1 1 man who explained : "I'can give you tho roftest kind of a ! nap nt four dollars n day. I want you 1 o run ono of my faro tables." "Put I don't know tho gumc." "You don't say stranger. You must j lad a queer bringing up. Out hero and ' lon't know faro ! Tass on-no time to ' lothcr with you I" Thc second man applied to for a situa- 1 ion squinted his eyes and took a long ! ?ok at tho Detroiter and quietly asked : "Whar* from?" 1 "Detroit." I "No use-that's :oo fur Fast. My ' .ard van off with tho company funds oat night, and I calkerlatcd on payin' - omebouy about a hundred dollar? to ' vcrtake him and bring me back his ' kulp. You'd look [sweet takin' his J rail, you would! You'd better inquire ' n thc next corner." ( Tho next corner was site of a saloon I .bout to bo opened. The proprietor ! vas a six-footer with a revolver on each tip. and in response to tho inquiry he 1 aid : "I s'poso you know how to pour wliis ry and weigh dust?" "Yes." "Supposo that ono of tho luff ones :omcs in after his nip and refuses to mud over?" "I'll call thc police." "Police bo hanged ! Every man's bis jwn policeman out here ! You muBt ?pen on him with n shooter and keep miling the trigger until he falls! Thc lits open at $3 a day andfifound." "I-I gner9 I won't take it!" "Then git! No place for milksops irrouud nero! Might a-knowed you ?adn'i any nano by lookin' at yo!" Tho Detroiter mado ono more effort. Th'" time it wa? a man who explains* : "Glad to see ye-sot down a i ':. Yo see, there's bad blood between mo ind a feller called Sandy Tom. We've igreed to drop each other on Hight, md wo mean business. I want to git ho bulge on him, mid bein' you're a dauber you can iicip me. 1'ut this | Derringer . ?n vo?r pocket and go and hoot Sandy Toni and I've got $200 br ye !" "Why, that would bo murder I" "What of it! Do you expect to hang >ut around here over n day without loin' any shootin? Whar nos ye raia ;d?" "In Detroit!" "Git! You haven't any spinal col imo ! You'd better run home to your na, you had I Out yo go-so longl" Free Pr?ts. THE TRUNDLE RED.-Tho balmiest ileep we ever experienced was when wo vere nestled in tho old trundlo bcd, with i curly headed brother just turned out of ho parents nest, to make room br a new customer. But trundlo bcd I reams were soon atan end, for when the lext customer came wo were crowded out o make room for him, and so they kept dternating for years, until we were turned mt into the wino world. Ob I where now nrc tho little, beads hat wo have kissed a thousand times o'er, is they nestled in tho old trundle bed 7 jomo of them have grown ol\ and gray, ind others aro nestling u^or, their ever astiug pillows in widely ??jiarated lands. ?Ve are always and when wo think of the lld trundlo bed. - Somebody ought to be put in Old Prob's place to regulate the weather. - A little boy visited his uncle on lis birthday and congratulated him. He then asked lils uncle if ie had washed himself. "Why so?" tsked the undi, patting tho prattler on ho head. "Because papa said if you lone the clean th'og thing you would givo nae a dollar, at least." _a_ A STORY ABOUT LIBBY PRISON. A "Yankee Trick" which Cairned a Confcd ?*rute Ventry Ut Snide. Crt ptain Joseph Wingfied, an ex-mem ber of tlie City Council of Richmond, tells a story of the time when ho stood sentinel around Libby: "So, thc old prison is sold, is it?" he said, "Well, gentlemen, I never BO by that place without laughing, now.'I can't help thlnhing of tho cute triclcplayed by a lol of yankees there. The fact is it, w.Vi so good that, although I lind been ordered lo shoot in among them, I dis obeyed orders. It was about '03, and the Libby building was so crowded that it wouldn't hold any moro prisoners, so they put it large lot of them in thc second story of the building across tho street. Sonn after these prisoners came the prison officials got n largo lot of sweet potatoes (regular yams) from North Carolina, and stored them on thc first floor of tho build ing in which those prisoners were con fined. Big sweet potatoes wcro luxuries in those days, and Turner and those fel lows kept a strict watch over the building, I can loll you. Thc third day after they had been stowed away it was noticed that they were disappearing at thc rato of about a bushel a day. At first it was thought that thc rats took them, but a second thought showed that the idea was absurd. Sentinels wero pos ted nil around the building with orders to shoot any man tiioy caught stealing those yams, but they didn't see anybody to shoot, and although they wcro posted there day and night, and no one were al lowed to enter tho room in which the potatoes were kept, they continued to disappear nt tho rate of a bushel a day. Tho Confed?rales saw their yams disap pearing in this way, and were furious. The thing was an uuncooiinlnblo mystery. The doors and windows of tho room were sealed ont' private marks wero put on tiic wax, so that if nny ono of them was opened it would be known. Tho next morning tho officers went into the room. Tlie wax v as all right, but another bush el of potatoes had vanished. Well, sir, il was ibo maddest crowd you oversaw. Tiley came lo nie an ordered mo to take my stand in the room. They locked mo in, and n lighted candle was put ut each end of the room so that 1 could see. I was ordered to shout on sight anybody I mw stealing those yams. It was terribly lonesome in that mom. Justas fast as I would light ono caudle and go to tho Diner eua of the room io light the other the rats would cut tho first one down, liiey wero regular Confed?rate rats, aud ? caudle was a godsend to them. A ft er a lot of worry I got thc mts out of tho way and sat down near tho door waiting for developments, Thero I stayed till 12 Dclock ; but though I kept my eyes on the potatoes all the lime, couldn't soc ?my of them going. Shortly after twelve I heard a creaking, grating sound, which seemed to bc nil over the room at once. [ cocked my gun and held my breath, but slil! I couldn't see any sign of lifo tixcept thc ruts creeping about the floor. By George!' I thought, 'this darned pince is haunted, if there is any such a thing ns a place being 'haunted.' The lound slopped, but about ten minutes liter it begun again. I looked attbe pile af potatoes, and presently saw something shoot from the ceiling and fall on them, [ saw it was a brick, and could distill' juish a ropo tied to it. I crept a little nearer to get a good look at tho thing but before I could examined it, it wai drawn slowly up, aud thero woro aboul a peck of yams sticking to it. It went np through a bolo which lind been cul in thc floor above, and presently came Jown again with a thump right amone Ibo potatoes. It was thc most artful irrangement you ever saw. Tho brid liad about fifty holes drilled in it, anti through each hole a sha'pened tenpeunj nail lind been run, so that when the bric! fell among thc yams, tho nails stud: inte ?very one they fell on. I couldn't help aughing at the smart dodgo those Yan kees had taken to get at tho yams. 1 gently put my hand forward ana caugh nold of the rop \ Pretty soon they begat to draw on it, uni t hen it did not mov? [ heard one feiluw say : 'Steady boys .he brick's hung in something. Pull ne: steadily without jerking.' They did pul steadily, and fairly lifted me up from tin loor. 'No jerk, easy, boys, easy,' tin director said, mid they tugged away. 50t pretty red in tho face. HolJlng ti thc rope. I was afraid to let go, becaus I thought some of those spiked nail might strike me in passing. I thought o my pocket-knife, and hauled itoutjustn they wem putting all their weight on th other end ol'tho rope. I cut it lu twe and the end shot back through tho ho1 in thc ceiling, and I could hear a rollin] and tumbling on tho floor above, showin that the sudden giving away jf tho rop had a disastrous effect. I heard anothc voice say : 'There, now, I told you st You've broken tho rope. We've lost ou brick, and to-morrow we'll bo found out Then another voice called out : 'Can't yo seo it? Wo might hook it up.' Noxt saw a long neck protruding through th hole, and a fellow peering down. Tue I called out: 'If you troublo any moi of these potatoes I'll shoot.' Tht fellow's head shot back through that ho' just like a terrapin, and it was as still i death up Ulierc. 1 bated to tell on tho because it was .-.ti-.-?i a sharp scheme i foraging on tlie enemy, but I had t When thc officers went up next moron to examine thc room it took a,long tin to find thc bolo. Those Yankees had ci ii bulo ?u??t ii foul ?ipiare ib rough ii floor, and" il ?as done no neatly that took good eyes to discover it. That w, where the officers' yams went to." - Thero is moro building going on New York at tho present time than w ever known before. - In some parts of tho South BDIE farms arc increasing. In other pari ii few men arc monopolizing all tho lan - The Post say? that since Garfie'.c election trade in Washington has fh.lL off terribly, the depression cqualizir that of 1873. - Gen. Grant, in company wi Senor Romero, attended the niorni servico al Plymouth Church last Sundi Alter thc service the curiosity of t crowd lo see Ibo General was so gr? that many lingered in tho church, ve upon Capt. Beecher mounted the pli form and desired that ibo audiec would pass us. He added: "A spec service can bo held if you wish to wt ship a man. This is a house of worst of God." - President-elect Garfield, like Pre dent Haves and his predecessors Linc? and Buchanan, will be a minority Pr? dont so far as the popular volo goes. 1 official returns give him n plurality 3,401 votes over Hancock, but the ont voto cast in tho Presidential election \ 9,192,505, of which Garfield received 489,415 to 4,750,180 cast for tho oppos candidates, leaving him in a minoritj 313,765 votes. The total vote of 18801 779,990. or 9.8 per cent more than thal 187G, while tho Republican voto Bhowc ?ain of 405,465, or 10 per cent., and democratic votcagainof 151,257, or o 3 per cent. These figures illustrate v plainly what great results flow from v small changes in tho popular vote. Debt. Living beyond their income.H is the ruin of many of my neighbors ; they can hardly afford to keep a rabbit, and must need drive a poney and chaise. I am Afraid extravagance is thc com mon disease of tho times, and many professingichris finns have caught it, to their shame and sorrow, t?ood cotton or snuff gowns are not good enough nowadays, girls must have silk and satins, and then there is a bill nt the dress maker's as long asa win ter's night and quite ns dUuial. Show and style and smartness run away with a man's means, keep tho family poor, and the father's nose on a grindstone. Frogs try to look aa big as bulls, and burst themselves. A pound a week apes five hundred a year, and comes to tho country court. Men burn tho candle at both ends, ami then say they are unfortunate -why don't they put tho snddlo on the right horne, and say they aro extrava gant? Economy is half the battle iu lifo; it is not 80 hard to earn ninney as .0 spend it well. Hundreds would have never known want if they had not first known wast. If ni) poor men's wives knew how to cook, how far a little might go I Our minister says : "Tho French and Germans beat us all hollow in nice cheap cookery ; I wish they would send us missionaries over to convert our gossiping women into good managers ; this fs n French fishion which would bc a deals more useful Mir.i thoso fine pictures in Mrs. Fippery's window, with ladies rigged out in a new stylo ev ery mouth. Pear rac ! some people are much too fine nowadays to cat what their fathers wero thankful to sec on tho table, and so they please tho palates with co3tly feeding, como to the work-house, and expect everybody to pity them. They turned up their noses at bread aud butter and came to eat raw turnips stolen out of fields. They who live like fighting-cocks nt other men's cost will get their combs cut or perhaps got roasted for it one of these days. If you have a great store of peas, you may put the moro in thc soup; but everybody should faro according to Iiis earnings. He is both a fool and n knave who lins n sidling coming in, and on tho strength of it spends n pound which does not belong to him. Cut your coat ac cording to your cloth is sound advice ; but cutting other pooplo'n cloth by run ning into debt is as like thieving us four four-pence is like a goat. Debtora can hardly help being liars, for they promise to pay when they know they cannot, and when they have made up a lot of false excusen they promise agai'., and so tiley lie ns fast os a horse can trot. Now, if owing leads to lying, who shall any that it is not a most evil thing. Of oounle, there are exceptions, and I do not want to bear hard, upon an houcst mau who is brought down by sickness or losses ; but take the rule as a rule, and you will find debt to bu n great dismal. swamp, a hugo mud-hole, a dirty ditch ; happy is the man who gets out of it nfter once tumbling in, but tue happiest of all is ho who bas been by God's good ness kept out of the mire altogether. If you onco ask the devil to dinner it will bo hard to get him out of the house again ; botter to have nothing to do with him. Where a hen has laid one egg, she is very likely to lay another ; when a man is once in debt, ho is likely to get into it again ; better keep clear of it from the first. Ho who gets in for a penny will soon bo in for a pound, and when a man is over shoes, he is very liable to be over boots. Never owe n farthing, and you will never owe a guinea. My motto is, pay as you go, and keep from small scores. Short reckonings are soun cleared. "'Pay what you owe, and what you're worth you'll kn^w." Let the clock tick, but no "tick" for me. Petter go to bed without your supper than git up in debt. Sins and debt arc always more than we think them to be. Little by little a man gets over bis head and ears. It is the petty expenses thid: emp ty tho purse. Money is round, and rolls away easily. Tom Thriftless buys what he does not wnnt because it is a great bargain, and so is jon brought to sell what he does want, and finds it a very little bargain. He cannot say "No'' to his friend who wants him to be, security he Sives gr?nd dinners, makes roany holl eys, kc.p3 a fat table, lets his wife dross fino, never looks alter his servants; and by and by ho is quito surprised to find the quarter days come round so very fast, and that his creditors bark BO loud. Ho has sowed his monoy in the field of thoughtlessness, and now ho wonders that ho bas to reap the harvest of poverty. Still he hopes for something to turn up to help him out of difficulty, aud so muddles himself into moro trouble, forgetting'tbat hope and expectation are fool's income. Peing hard up, he goes to market, with empty pockets, and buys at whnt ever prices tradesmen like to charge bim, and sc he pays them double, and gets deeper into tho mire. This leads him to scheming, and trying little tricks and mean dodges ; for it is hard for an empty sack to stand up-right. This is euro not to answer, for schemers are like spiders' webs which never catch anything Detter than flies, and aro soon swept away. As well attempt to mend your Bhoes with brown paper, OT atop a broksn window with a sheet of ico, as to .ry to patch up a falling business with maneuvering and scheming. When the schemer is found out, ho is Uko a dog in Church, whom nvarr body k-cks at, end like <> barrel of powder, ?liicu nobody wams for a neighbor. They say poverty is a sixth souse, and it hod need bc, for many debtors seem to have lost thu other five, or were born without common sense, for they appear to fancy that you not only make debts, bat pay them, by borrowing. A man ?iays Peter with what be has borrowed of 'rail, and thinks be is getting out of his difficulties, when he is putting one foot into tho mud to pull tho othor out It is hnrd to .shave an egg, or to pull hairs out of a bald pate ; but they aro both cosier than paying debt out of an empty pocket, '-'allison was a strong man but ho could not pay debts without money, and ho is a fool who thinks ho can do it by scheming. As to borrowing money of loan societies, it's like a drowning man catching at ra con: ; Jews and Gentile?, when they lend money, generally pluck the geese as long as they havo any feathers. A man must cut dowu his outgoings and save his iu comings if ho wants to ch himself ; you can't spend your penny ?nd pay debts 1 with it too. Stint the kitchen if the purse is bare. Don't believe in any w*y of wiping out debt except by paying hard cash. Promises make debts, and debts make promises ; but promises never pay debts ; promising is one thing, and per forming is quite another. A good man's word should be as binding as an oath, and he could never promise to pay un less ho hos a clear prospect of doing so in due time ; those wno stave off payment by false promiies deserve no mercy. It is all very woll to say," I'm very sorry j', but A hundred years of rogrct Pay not a farthing of dobt. [From John Plough>natt,'? Talk: or Plain Advice to Plain People, by C. If. Spurgeon.