The Anderson intelligencer. (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, March 18, 1880, Image 1
BY E. B. MTJBBAY & CO.
ANDERSON, S. C., THURSDAY MORNING, MARCH 18, 1880.
VOLTJMt? XY.-/--NO. 36,
Crime is the State-The CATS?? ana
the Remedy*
Crime ison the increase In South Caro
lins. The offences which are prompted
by ?reed ?nd luat ire virtual ly unknown
amongst white parole In this State. There
are tew robberies bj white men, and no
murders by white m m cogged in rob
bery. There is uooe c! the brutal treat
ment of women and children, by white
meo. with which Northern communities
are lamillar. The crimes in this State
and in the South generally, whero whites
are concerned, are.usually the product of
rows and brawls, rarely premeditated,
and never, wo may say j growing out Of
the basest of the passions which are ??
foul blot upon humanity. This is the
difference between crime in the North
and crime in the South.
An absolutely complete record of the
crimea committed io the State is not tobe
obtained, but the following summary of
offences reported to the News and Courier
\% very near the truth :
December 19, 1879: A man named
Fickling seriously cut iu the back with a
razor by a drunken negro on the Charlotte,
Columbia and Augusta Railroad train at
Graniteville.
December 20,1879 : Jenny Bates, col
ored, severely stabbed by a negro near
Barnwell Village.
December 21. 1879: Policeman John
Harlow severely beaten by a party of
roughs, and afterwards killed by dis
cbarge of bis own pistol while be was at
tempting to make the arrest of his as
sailants.
December 22,1879: Ebenezer E. Tru
witt stabbed to death by Robert Meyers,
14 yenni old, in Bordeaux Township, Ab
beville County. Cause: An old grudge
between the deceased and the homicide's
father.
December 28. 1879: John J. Shiver
shot and killed by Johnson, colored, in
Spring Hill Township, Sumter County,
Caus9 unknown.
December 21,1878: Samuel McGrcor,
colored, shot in the shoulder by Green
Williams, colored, at John's Creek Col
ored Baptist Church, Abbeville County.
CauBo: A dispute about a watch.
December 25,1879: Jim Chappell shot
and killed by Bill Harp at Newberry;
Press Chappell, a nephew of the deceased,
also seriously shot by Harp. Cause : A
quarrel about a gamecock light.
December, 25, 1879: James Cooper
stabbed to death by his twin-brother,
Samuel Cooper, at Monk's Corner,
Chnrlbcton County. Cause : Whiskey, and
a dispute about a hog.
December 24.1879: Stephen G. Bush
shot and killed by Wm. Bates, near
Ellenton, Barnwell County. Cause:
Whiskey.
December 28, 187?: A colored man
named McPherson seriously shot in the
abdomen by a whiteman named Wooden
at Lancaster. Cause : Whiskey.
December 28, 1879: Mrs. Richard
Compton rL?t and killed by Turner Os
borne, Jr., at Fairplay, Oconco County.
Cause : A difficulty between Osborne
and the husband of tho deceased concern
ing a dog.
Dec-ember 25, 1879: Newton Latimer
beaten and shot at Townville, Anderson
County. Cause: Whiskey. , .
December 29,1879: Tom Massey, col
ored, killed by his brother, Aaron Massey,
in Spartanburg County. Cause : Un
known.
January 2,1880: Cash Norris, colored,
killed by his brother, Abram Norris, in
Anderson County. Cause: A personal
quarrel.
January 8,1880 : Oliver O. Ross, Jr..
ehot in the breast and curiously wounded
by his father. Cause: Marryiug against
his w'sheR
January 10, 1880: W, J. Patterson
killed by unknown persons in Darlington
County.
January 17, 1880: Jasper Deal shot
and killed by Henry Townsend in a bag
nio in Greenville. Cause : Whiskey.
January 25,1880: Mark Morrison se
riously ?tabbed by Robert (Stewart ana
others in Line street, Charleston. Cause :
A personal altercation.
January 28,1880: Alfred Groves killed
by Citizen Rosemond, both colored, near
Abbeville C. H. Cause: Dispute as to ?ho
Own?rHh?p of ~ hatchet.
Jnnnary 23,1880 : Jeia? Horn shot and
killed by Thoa. O. Parker near Seneca
City, in Oconco County. Cause: A dis*
puto between the deceased and the fa?
ther of the slayer concerning wages.
* January 80, 1880 : Henry McQuago
seriously stabbed by a man named Per
kins, during an altercation in tho upper
portion of Marlboro' County.
January 80, 1880: A negro named
Bellinger was cut to pieces with a razor
by another negro named White, in Col
loton County. He died in a few minutes.
Causo: An altercation concerning a wo
man.
January 16,1880 : John Barnes stabbed
to death in a drunken row in Oconee
County by Milton Nicholson. ;
January 81,1880: E.G. DuBoso shot in
the breast by Policeman Edwin Scott,
. whilo the latter was attempting to o:/eat
him for disorderly conduct in Manning,
6. C.
February 2,1880: Stephon Lam' shot
by John Holcombe in a burroon* in
Greenville during a drunken quarrel.
Februaiy 5,1880 : James Gaillard, col
ored, assaulted his wife in Reid street,
Charleston, and cut her throat with a
rahiri inflicting a dangerous but not fa
in! -su nd.
February 2,1880 :, Nat Dickerson, col
ored, was ?truck on the head with a steno
bj Stephen Gary, colored, at the City
Railway etable. He died of bis injuries
on February 7.
' February 1,1880: Jefferson Catos shot
and killed by Tom Watson and John
Brooks, colored, in Edgefield County,
while attempting to quoll a negro distur
bance.
February 9,1880: Mn?. Berry and Mra.
Byrd assaulted and outraged by two no
?roes named Kinder ona Jenkins near
Irancbvillc.
February 7 tftgO: Pstr?-.k Di rey ??
verely stabbed, by Johv lio-xan, on Etst
Bay. Charleston. Cause: An insult of
fered by the former to the tatter's wife.
FebraAty-T; 1880 : J. H. Irby ? tubbed
in tho nock by L. E. Irby at Laurens.
Cant?: Whiskey..
February 0,1830: Charles Sullivan col
ored, sbot and killed by bis brother, J?T
Sullivan, in AbbovHIe.
February 9, 1880: Eli Wilcox ?hot
and killed by Jim Black in Marlon.
Cause: A dispute concerning a wager.
February 10,1880 : Thomas Robinson,
allured, cut on the head with an axe by
Major Rrnwn. aa? his wife, Margaret
Brown, on Jame* Island.
February 15,1880: Oscar Taylor, col
ored, chopped on the head with an axe
bv Edward Wooden, colored, at the Race
Course, Charleston.
Fcbraarv 14, ISS0: William Parker
?tabbed and killed by a man named Pub'
mun at a , fiocinl gntheripg in Laurens
t^nMity. ji?d*ea Martin seriously shot
bv Potman .at tho same time. CVuse:
Whi?key.
February 27. 1880: M. R. Conelly
slabbed and killed by A. J. Gill at Vara
ville, Hampton County. Cause: An
old feud.
February 28,1880 : Mrs. Byrd assaulted
by a negro named Kinder near George'?
Station.
March 1, 1880: Mr. James Strand
mortally wounded with a pistol by Scott
Hopkin?, colored, at Chester duringadis
pute concerning money.
The period covered by thia summary
is rather more than two months. It is
an appalling exhibit: 21 homicides, 16
assaults with intent to kill, 2 rapes. Ths
homicides and assaults with intent to
kill were almost without exception, per
Cetrated by white r?en upon whites, or
y negroes upon colored people. . Wo
mention this to show that the colored
people art not tho subjects of attack by
tho whit?'. The whites maim and kill
each otho., and do not molest the colored
people. The rapes were committed by
negroes exel naively.
A simple statement of the number and
character of crimes committed in this
State, such as we have given, is more elo
quent than words, and forces the most
careless to admit that something must be
done at once, to arrest the spread of law
lessness. The Courts will do their whole
duty, we are-confident. No ill-judged
commiseration for those who have shed
blood will actuate judges, juries or prose
cuting officers. But the object of tho
punishment of criminals ia the preven
tion of crime. And crime can bo pre
vented in other ways than by hanging
and imprisonment in the State Penitenti
ary. The Courts need the co-opera
tion of the public. This co-operation
will give strength to their judgments
and empbasia to their sentences.
Unfortunately the cause of tho crimes
committed by whites in this State is not
hard to find. There is no mystery in it.
Tho root of the evil is apparent. Nay I
no attempt is made to hido it. Whiskey
aud the practice of carrying deadly wea
Eons are at the bottom of nine ou '.. of ten
loody offences perpetrated by the white
people. The carrying of concealed wea
pons is bad enough in itself. A passionate
impulse, a crook of the finger, and
death I It is killing in haste, and re
penting at leisure. When be who has a
weapon in his pocket is excited by whis
key, arousing the savage instincts which
aro found in every breast, bis control ever
himself is gone. A brother man is hur
ried into eternity with ns little concern
as a fly is crusUod on the wall. What
wo have to address ou reel von to, there
fore, is (1) tho abolition of the practice
of carrying concealed weapons, and (2)
tho discouragement of intemperance.
The Legislature, at the extra Session re
fused to pass a bill making it a misde
meanor to carry concealed weapons, and
until the Legislature shall meet again
the main deterrents, to be relied on are
ins coEv?oti?u that such a practice is
unmanly and an encouragement to strife
and tho belief that it is unnecessary for
self-protection. The second cause of our
troubles, Whiskey-drinking, can be dea't
with promptly, and, we believe, effectu
ally.
livery influence save one hos been ex
erted to ?heck intemperance and induce
abstinence from tho use of alcoholic stim
nlants. Clergymen preach Sunday after
Sunday.. The conductors of religious
and secular newspapers expound and ex
hort until brain and fingern are weary.
Societies and Associations of one sort and
another work on the same line. They
have accomplished .-men, but not
enough. And the reason is, that they
have not secured the effective assistance
of the one class of persons in Sooth Caro
lina who bavo as much power as Pulpit
and Press combined, und who now too
frequently, instead of treating intemper
ance as a ein against him who ia made in
God's own imago and os a Bin against so
ciety, wiuk at it, laugh at it, and condone
it. We mean the Women of South Caro
lina, especially the younger women, the
sweethearts who.will be wives and moth
ers.
Do the women of South Carolina, know
ing, as they do, the ruin of body and soul
which is caused by whiskey-drinking,
exclude the tipplers and drunkards from
their society, as unfit companions for
the gentle and the chaste? They do
not. It is common to hear girls in their
teena laughing at Mr. A., who was
"slightly affected,*' or Mr. B., whoso
merit is that however mu^h. he "indulges"
I ho always "behaves ilka a gentleman."
Thia is au encouragement to wrong-do
ing. It teaches the inebriate that beean
have tho companionship of our sweet
maidens and choose his wife from the
rosebud garden, whetherhe be sober ortho
revei?O. Thoughtlessness and habit ac
count for it, no doubt, and it is in no
fault-fiuding spirit that we point out the
faults of women who are crowned *vitu
noble quaiities and pride. Oor hope is,
to arouse them to a sense of their danger
and to ar. appreciation of their opportu
nity I
Tho women of South Carolina did not
falter during the war. They never hesi
tated, never- doubted and never surren
dered. They made the State what it was,
end were tho main-spring of thc public
endurance; courage and devotion. In
1876 they saved the State, by their en
couragement, their appeals, their labora
and their prayers. The 8tate is more in
need of saving, than it was in 1876.
Whiskey is a worse foe than Radie? "sm,
and brings worse ills in its train. To the
womun of South Carolina then we appeal,
for ruo State and in the nome of the
State. We entreat them to organise in
their own way, their own associations.
We entreat them to sat tho SP al of their
Bcorn upon the forehead of tho habitual
drinker. .. We entreat them to banish
from their society every man, however
near or dear: wno dares to approach
them with the flush of liquor on his
cheek and its stain upon hts heart. We
entreat them to strike from tho li?t bf their
acquaintances every one who is known
to be a tippler, and in everything that
they do, aud wherever they go, to draw
the line sharply between the man who is
his own master and the man who is whis
key's slave. If they will do this, they
will confine drunkenness to those who
are past curing, and who, excluded from
woman's so?ic-y. wiii iose their opportu
nities of degrading, and putting to the
blush, our sisters and our daughters.
And these will rapidly nnrrcind them
selves with frisada who are always natu
ral, moderate and pure, men fit' to bo
their companions aud worthy to be ?ne
partners of their lives. How much sor
row, reproach and shame they will save
themselves and the State, no haman
tongue can tell I-Charleston flews and
Courier.
A GOOD HOUSEWIFE.-The good
housewife, when she is giving her honte
its spring renovating, should bear in
mind that- the dear inmates of her house
are more precious than roany houses,
and that tboir systems need cleansing by
purifying the blood, regulating tho stom
ach arid bowels to prevent and euro the
diseases arising from spring malaria and
miasma, and she roust know that there is
nothing that will do it so perfectly end
nundy as nop Bitters, the purest and
best of medicines.-Cbnesrd JV". H. Patri
ot.'
;- "Shall I hereafter darn vour stock
ings f" ls said to be tho fashionable lan
guage for a young lady to ase. when
making a leap-year proposal.
UNDERNEATH THE HUDSON.
TU? Great Work from Jersey City to New ?
York well Under Wpjr.
All that eau be seen of the North
River Tunnel thoa far is a tremendous
nell, smoothly lined with brick, slaty feet 1
deep, and'wide enough to admit an ordi- i
nary dwelling house. This v ell is cor* 1
ercd by ft clumpy,.wooden shanty, high <
enough to accommodate a derrick, and 1
big enough to hold the two engines and i
three boilers, tho coal heap, brick pile, 1
clothes, closets, and office for the work- 1
men and tho company's officers. This I
shanty is at the foot of Fifteenth Btieet, <
three-quarters of the way from the Fenn- <
sylvania ferry to tho Hoboken line. It I
is close to the river's edge, two city blocks I
distant from Provost street, the thorough- j
fare nearest the river bank. Tho river i
originally flowed where the shanty ia ?
and underneath tho Alling is tho original <
silt. The great well beneath the shanty <
, is not to be a terminus of the tunnel, lt i
i is simply a starting point which the tun- <
I nel shaft is to pierce, and it was sunk be
cause that was deemed the bettor way. to I
I begin the great work. Tho tunnel will ?
be worked back beneath the. city more <
! than half a mile, breaking through tho i
surface beyond Erie street, and having i
its absolute terminus and depot in Jersey J
avenue. Eventually this well may or <
may not be closed up, but in either event <
the tunnel will poss along through it as <
it passes any other point in its course, i
The tunnel whon completed will be two i
miles long, and threo-quarters of a milo
I of its length will bo directly beneath the i
bcd of tho river. As the river channel is ?
nearest the New York bank and there is i
a wide stretch of shoal water on the Jer- 1
sey side, there will bo a continuous slant 1
from the Jersey shore nearly across the <
river, when a short incline upward will <
bring tho tunnel to the surfaco in this i
city. At- its lowest point the top of tho I
tunnei wi? be 1?2 feet below the aurface i
of tho river and about twenty feet be- !
neath tho river bed. The New York ter
minus will bo In the. neighborhood of ;
Wnaniugton square, and work in this city '
will be begun near the foot of Leroy ',
street, which is almost exactly opposite i
Fifteenth street in Jersey city. i
By ordinary means it would bavo boen i
next to impossible to excavate a tunnel i
through the silt that was encountered at
the outset, and must bo fought the greater I
part of the way. President Haskins de
vised the plan of sustaining the earth '.
above tho excavation by a pressure of air. <
A powerful pumping engine nupplies this <
force. For safety's oako there is a dupli- <
cato engine, and there are threo builem, i
because an Accident that removed the .
pressure of air in the shaft would bring i
about certain disaster and pos. ."ble loss of
life. Tho original plan was lo bore one :
shaft sufficiently wide for a double rail- .
road track and high enough to admit of
the passage of railroad cars. It was :
found necessary, however, to alter this,
and now the tunnel is composed of two i
shafts, side by side, like the barrels of a
fowling piece, and strengthened as well i
an separated by a central partition.
These tunnels will each coutain a single
railroad track, and will ha twenty-one
feet in diameter, which gives roon, for a
director's palace coach, tho tallest of rail
road vehicles.
A visitor to the edge of the great brick
well sees what looks like a larg? boiler
protruding from the well on the river
side, and extending sixteen feet toward
the centre. There te a platform of boards
around it, and there are many tubes and
pipes, heaps of brick? and one steam
pump upon tim platform. Beneath the
platform, which appears to be at the bot
tom of tho well, but is really only half
way down, there is a sheet of muddy
water covering the silt that has been
thrown from the tunnel. Tho protruding
boiler is what is known as the air-lock,
by which tho egress and entrance of the
workmen in the tunnel is accomplished
without destroying the even pressure of
air in the aba/t. The Sun reporter saw
six men enter the tunnel yesterday to go
to work in it, and presently he saw ' four
leave it. The six men were lowered in
a wooden bucket, which wes swung over
'bc pit from the arm of a derrick. The
doer cf thc boi?er-??ko air-lock was open ;
but there is an inner door that was shut,
and beyond it, in the tunnel, the pressure
of twenty pounds of air to tho square
inch was maintained. The men entered
the air-lock and closod the cater door,
tho engines equalized the air pressure in
tho lock with that in the tunnel, and then
tho inner door was opened and the work
.sen passed in?o the tunnel. It took ten
minuies to do this. Men with heart or
long diseases could not work under thee*
conditions, bot healthy young men are
.?aid to experience no harm Iron them.
When the work progresses further this
pressrro will have to be doubled. The
four men who desired to come out
stepped into the air-lock, closed the door
behind them, and signalled tho engineer.
Tho compressed sir was allowed to escapo
with a deafening roar, like the escape of
steam from a thousand locomotive safety
Valves, and presently the door opened.
A dense cloud of brown smoko rolfed out
from the lock, and as it thinned out the
forms of the workmen passing through
were distinguishable. The reporter was
informed that this was the smoke of the
candles by tho light of which the men
work in the cihaft. Fifteen or eighteen
pounds of candles are consumed by thom
in a day, and tho smoke they create is a
great hindrance to the work, although
only tho very best adamantine coach
li?hts aro used. Th? el?ctrln H?ht?
which emit neither smoko nor beat, will
soon bo used in placo of candles. One
light over the woll and one in the shaft
will supply all the illumination that Is
needed. Work in tba tunnel never
ceases. It is prosecuted by three gangs,
each gang working eight hoars. Some
times the men eat their meals lia the
shaft, but as often they como out and
spend halfen hour on the earth's surface.
Theirs ls not dainty work. The earth
that they dig oui is mixed with water in
tho bottom of the shaft, and when it has
reached a certain depth and consistency
it is blown ont into the great brick well
by -the air pressure in the jhaft through
pipes that lie at tho bottom of the exca
vation, and that are built out to follow
tho workmen as they extend the shaft.
Whenever it is necessary this mud is
bailed out of the well to make way for
more. Aa the tunnel is now it has the
shape of a gigantic bottle, the air-lock
taking the place of a cork in the bottle's
neck. The neck of the bottle is formed
by the narrow bore that was gradually
widened until the permanent diameter of
twenty-one feet was reached. As the ex
cavators work they are closely followed
by men who Uno the shaft wita plates of
riveted iron, and theso in turn aro fol
lowed by masons ' who construct thu
arched brickwork that .forms'tho tunnel
wall. Nearly one hundred feet of the
?crmanent tunnel havo been completed,
?o dato ta set for tho Krinning of the
work on tho New York aide of the river.
Neto York Sun, 8th
It would roske a stone image turn green
with envy to observo the expression of
ftrofound disgust that nettles down on thc
tee of the doctor when he hears his pa
tients praising Dr. Bull's Cough Syrup.
HORRIBLE STORY OF CRIME. ?
rho Deed? of the ISeader Family Outdone
lu lort lana.
INDIANAPOLIS. March 1,1880.
A few days after tao arrrest of Mrs.
Brown and her paramour, Wade, for the
murder of J. G. F. Brown, the former's
busband, which occurred two or three
(reeks ago, the neighbors of the victim
legan telling strange stories and setting
ifloat rumors of dark deeds that have
long been stifled through fear of tho
Browns. Some of these repo sa coming
ja tho ear of a ?&Hr*?>ic7reportei,uo turned
letcotivc, and for the past ten days has
lone little else than trace tho rumors to
heir source. The details of thia work,
JO the extent of several columus, will ap
pear in tho Sentinel to-morrow, and
ihould a thorough examination of the
premises corroborate his statements, his
efforts will have been rewarded by the
iiscovery of crimes as appalling and
atrocious as those of the notorious Ben
1er family of ?liasouri.
For many years it was suspected that
the hume of Brown was tho headquarters
>f a band of desperadoes, who made plun
dering their principal occupation. These
mspicions were verified a year ago by the
irrest and subsequent conviction of
Brown and bis wite, together with sev
eral accomplices. But not until the m?r
ier of Brown did the people of that
dei n i ty become aroused to the fact that
i Bender family bad been living in thoir
midst,
It is now remembered, however, that
sevoral persons have suddenly disap
peared within the past five or six years,
und that in each instance they were
known to have money, and that Brown
sva3 indsbted to them either in tho way
af wages for labor or money borrowed.
ODO of these was a man named Hunter,
& German, who had formerly lived near
Seymour. Indiana- Ho was aa indus
trious, frugal young man, and had about
?900 ia bank. About five years ago he
worked for Brown, but at the ena of a
year, finding him poor pay, Hunter de
termined to leave. Brown accompanied
bim to the city, ostensibly to pay him,
after which he was never seen or heard
of again. Brown told several di fieront
stories of hui whereabouts, and no ono
taking any personal interest in tho mat
ter, it was never called to the attention
uf tho officers ; but it is now recalled
that shortly after his disappearance Mrs.
Brown's relatives, thu Fletchers, had a
disagreement with the Browns, and hint
ed thal they could tell what had become
?A Hunter. About that time, to ?, it is
remembered Brown covered a poition of
his garden with dirt to the depth of about
eighteen inches, saying that it needed to
be filled up. The Fletchers frequently
referred to this fact in cot section with
Hunter's disappearance., ono of them ra
mm king that she could put a stick with
ia eighteen inches ot his body. Ben.
Fletcher, a half-brother of Mid. Brown,
says that Hunter's jewelry and picture
nero seen in Brown's house, and tbnt
several letters were received from his
father asking as to his whereabouts.
Shortly alter Hunter's disappearance,
an old man, whose name is now forgot
ten, began boarding with tho Browns.
He carno from tho gold regions, and had
about bim in a bolt 9400 or $500 in go'd.
By some means Brown managed to bor
row $50 of him, .md"for the purpo?b of
getting it back the old man undertook to
board it out. This was the last Been of
him. Soon after his disappearance
Brown again covered his garden with
fresh dirt, this time to the depth of two
feet, giving the samo reason as before.
Nobody taking any interest in the old
man, tho matter wau never looked into,
although ii appears tho Fletchers hinted,
pretty plainly that they could tell, if dis
posed to, what had become of bim.
The next victim is supposed to be a
physician, who was known to have $700
or $800. Browu borrowed $200 or $800
of him, and, becoming alarmed lest it
might never bo returned, he made repeat
ed calls at Brown's houso. Veryaocn he
suddenly disappeared. A man working
for Brown at the time discovered in the
edge of a neighboring wood , what ap
peared tr? hn n. 5eT-!SSdc gT?76. XLO
mentioned the fact incidentally to Brown,
and shortly nftt- the place waa covered
with roils, Brown explaining that he had
planted acorns there, and the rails were
to keep the hogs away. This ia now be
lieved to bo the grave of the unknown
doctor.
A few months before Brown's convic
tion for robbery, fifteen months ago, Dr.
Levi Ritter,, an attorney of this city, who
resides in Irvington, about a mile from
the Browns, found a man lying by the
toadside itt. tho vicinity of their house
with his skull crushed in. He was taken
to tho City Hospital in an unconscious
condition, and d'cd in a day or two after
ward. It. was never known who he was.
but at.tho timo lt was supposed he had
been robbed in tho city and taken out
there to mislead tho officers; But in the
light of recent revelations it is believed
he was one of Brown's victim?, .
Sevoral years ago the Brown's took a
boy to raise. He refused to participate
in their dark transactions, and, about the
time of Brown's trial for robbery, be too
disappeared. He - probably knew too
much, and went 'be way of Hunter and
others. How long the list of victims is
cannot be determined, but, as evidence is
carefully gathered, it becomes more and
more corroborative. In tho morning a
number of arrests will bo made, on the
strength of what is already known, and
it la lltrol?' fKo rinnnli. iVntmtulnnAK
will authorial Brown's premises to be
thoroughly examined, that the whole
truth of tho terrible crime may bo
known.-Cincinnati Gazette.
- Some carions, if not instructive,
facts and figures are given to show how
expensive a Congressional funeral is :
The funeral of Gustave Schleichler, of
Texas, cost 15,102, of which $313.50 was
e^pc-ded for gloves and silk scarfs at $9
each 'or tho delegation. The cost of tho
funeral of A. S. Williams waa $1,449, of
T. J. Quinn $452, of Rush Clark C J.634,
of B. B. Douglas $1,041, and of Julian
Hartridge, of Georgia, $2,686. The
itemized account of tue expenses of Mr.
Hartridge's funeral show the manner in
which funeral delegations spend the Gov
ernment's money. Tho railroad tickets
coot $709.50, and $280 were added for a
special car. The bill for carriages was
$183. Before starting the trip, apparent
ly, an elaborate lunch was provided, and
afterwards a dinner. Tho dinner cost
$15, but tho cost of the lunch was $140.
90; $48.40 of this sum was used at a
dining saloon which contains a bar, and
$92.50 (which is specially set down as
"lunch") at a liquor saloon which does
not furnish meals.
- The Hon. George Bancroft. wh?. was
recently thrown from his carnage with
{.-rent, violence, and severely iii ju rod,
while driving at Newport, ?Aya Ibo New
York Fvening Pott, "ia so strict a tee
totaler that ho refused to take a little
wine after his recent accident."
Another investigation ha>: bro ven be
yond doubt that Dr. Bull's Baby Syrup is
the best medicino for teething children
Price 25 centa a bottle.
A Thrilling Incluent In th? Lire of
Alexander II. Stephens.
Howard Caryl!, who has beeu giving
sketches of tho lives of prominent Amer
icans in a New York paper, has an article
on Alexander H. Stephens, the material
for which was gathered from the lips of
the ex-Vice President of the Confedorwte
States. Tho following incident lu the
career of this well-known Georgian is
graphically told by Mr. Caryll:
During Mr. Stephens' congressional
service,- and pending tho campaign of
1843, ho returned from Washington to
Georgia. Ho was fresh from the great
debates on the acquisition of California
and New Mexico as United States Terri
tories, and for having token, against the
wishes of a majority of the Southern
members, a moat prominent part in oppo
sition to such acquisition, he was met
with much adverso criticism. Judge
Cone, who was at tho time one of toe
leading politicians of Georgia, was par
ticularly severe in his comments upon
Mr. Stephens' action, and was reported
as having publicly denounced him ss a
traitor to tho South.
Hardly had Mr. Stephens reach his
home when these and similar reports
were conveyed to him. At first he did
not crodit them, but as one kind friend
after another informed him that Cone
had called him traitor, and advised that he
owed it to himself to demand what is
called "satisfaction." the fires of pugnaci
ty in his nature, which are always smold
ering, biased up, and ho declared that if
Judge Cone would admit having called
him a traitor to the South ho would
"slap his face." Not long: after this he
met the Judge- at a numerously attended
Whig gathering, and going up to him
quietly, said :
"Judge Cone, I have been told that
you, for reasons of your own. have de
nounced me as a traitor to tho Soulby
and I take Vaia opportunity of asking il
Buch reports aro true."
"No, Bir," was Cone's roply, "they are
not true."
"I am very glad to hear you say BO,"
said Mr. Stephens, cordially, and in th J
same friendly tono contin ued : "Of course
I do not desire to be io ?ny way offensive
to you, Judge Cone, but in order that we
may have no futher misunderstanding
throur_.fi the misrepresentation of otbors,
I think it right to tell you that I have
eaid I would slap year face if you admit
ted having used the language attributed
to you."
Upon this tho Judge again disowned
haviug spoken disrespectfully of Mr.
Stephens, and so for the time the affair
ended. It was the subject of much dis
cussion all over the State, however, and
the general vedict was that Judge Cone,
a very powerful man, by the way, had
Bhowa the whito feather to "Little Aleck
Stephens." In such a community no
publie man resting under such a charge
could hope either fer political preferment
or popular respect. Cone, of coarse,
knew this, and, very much annoyed by
tho comments which were being made
upon him, wrote to Mr. Stephens demand
ing an immediate and public retraction
ofilia threat. In reply Mr. Stephens
wrote that the threat of slapping the
Judge's face had been reade contingent
upon ?*?e troth of reports regarding him
wnLii se had pronounced untrue, and
that such being the case there could be no
cause for offense or angry feeling on either
side. Unfortunately this letter was not
received by Judge Cone. Three or four
days after it was written, howover, he
met Mr. Stephenson tho piazza of a hotel
in Atlanta, and, disregarding that gentle
man's friendly greeting, said in a very
offensive tone :
"Mr. Stephens, I demand that- you make
an immediate retraction of your threats
regarding me."
Sick and weak though he was, Alexan
der H. Stephens could allow no one to
speak to him in the fashion described.
Judge Cone was a very giant in size and
muscular development, but the frail man
whom he addressed, with nggrivating
politeness and without hesitating a mo
ment, replied : 'Pardon me, sir, I have
already written you fully on that sub
ject; I must declino to discuss it fur. I
tn er."
"Am I to take thia as your answer?"
asked Cons, excite it/.
"It is the only answer I nave to give
you'' was tho calm reply.
"Thou I denounce you os a miserable
little traitor," cried Cone, mad with ex
citement. The last word had hardly left
his lips when a little cane wielded by the
quick hand of the man he had insulted
left its red scar across his cheek.
Wild with pain and passion, without
uttering a word, he drew a keen pointed
dirk-kuifo v jd mado one furious thrust
athis weak little adversary's heart. In
stantly as he did so, however, Stephens,
seizing a stout umbrella which he bela
in his loft hand, interposed ii ss a defense,
and was able for a moment to hold him
at arm's length. The knife fell short
of its mark. Once more it waa thrust at
Stephens, cutting a deep gash in his arm,
bul reaching no vital point; eighteen
times it cut into his breast, arms and
body, and still he did not fall. Then he
could hold out no longer. No courage,
no spirit, however firm and unyielding,
could long withstand such an attack.
Cone was determined to finish his work.
Ho threw all his great weight against tho
umbrella which held him away from
thn nias which he i:-.tended to kill. It
broke ; Stephens, half fainting, fell upon
his back. The giant Cone was at bis
throat in a moment; his head, ;jy n grip
o? >???, VF ?a liciu ?Kainsi ino cruel floor;
the keen and blood-dripping knife was
bold aloft before him ready for the last
fatal thrust, but still tho poor pale face
of the little hero was sot and defiant
bia black eyes still flashing undaunted
ly.
"Retract or I'll cut your caned throat 1"
hissed Cone.
"Cut I PU nevor retract 1" gasped tho
?l?oo?t Hitless Stephens.
Like a flash ?he knife came down.
With an almost superhuman effort tho
Srostrate man caught it in bis right hand I
lean through tho muscles, tendons und
; jes of the nand it cut, then stuck fast
find reached no vital part. With despe
rate strength Cone tried to wrench it free.
With a grasp almost of death, the horri
bly mangled and mutilated hand still
held it fast. In tho straggle Stephens
was dragged to bis feet ; the blood was
rushing inBtreams from his many wounds;
bia bold upon the knlfo which sought his
bravo heart began to relax ; he was dying.
But even when be believed tho next
moment would be his lost strong men
came to his relief. The madman Cono
Was secured and held fast.
Then puickly tho wounds which Mr.
Stephens had received were examined.
It was found that one of them had pene
trated to within a sixteenth of.an Inch of
hie heart. %n intercostal artery had
been cut; The doctors declared he would
sorely die. Happily their predictions
were not verified*. ~ His life was saved by
the unremitting care' of a Burgeon, his de
voted friend? who. as good fortune would
have it, happened tobe in Atlant* at tho
time. When ho recovered, with a mag
nanimity of which few men are capable
oven ot undestanding, he refused to pros
ecute Cone, and that person, instead of
ge ttl nt, his deserts in the dark cell of a
Stat o prison, was fined $1,000, and with
his "honor vindicated" was allowed to go
free. To this day Mr. Stephens speaks
of bim in terms of consideration and for
giveness. Not long age, referring to the
terrible struggle I have attempted to de
scribe and snowing me the great bole in
bis mangled hand he said, with a quiet
and far away look in his dark eyes:
"Poor Cone ! I'm sure he'd be sorry if be
knew what trouble I hare to writo with
these stiff fingers of mino."
Hie Fear of Death.
There are several clements that enter
into what is called the fear of Death that
ought to bo carefully discriminated be
tween.
It is to bo said in tho outset that the
contemplation of Death increases as mee
advance in years, and grow to recog
nize that the time of tho inevitable
change draws nearer. But it is fairly
open to question whether the man who
bas arrived at forty years of age has not
in some one dav experienced all the fear
of Death he will experience in one day
thereafter. How much or rather how
little, this is, each man knows for him
self. Men think of Death oftener In a
year, after they arriv? at sixty than
when they were thirty, but from all wo
can learn of tho inner life of such men,
the fear is not more intense than at ear
lier periods of their lives.
The first element in the fear of Death ia
tho idea of physical pain. It is natural
that this should be connected with the
idea of Death, for in many cases intense
pain precedes death. But tho two are far
from being invariable accompaniments.
Interne pain may be followed hy life as
well as by Death. We must distinguish
between the fear of pain and tho fear of
Death. Death ni nv bo painless. The
approaches to Death may be compara
riyol? rainless. Pain ant! Death do sot
stand in the relation ot cause and effect.
Ono is somotimcs tho preceding condi
tion of tho othci, but not a causo. Be
sides this, the fact must be recognized
that Death is but a point in time, an in
stant, a second, and that neither the pre
liminary process nor th? imm?diate dis
solution is constantly attended by pain.
Even at tho worst, Death may be wel
comed as bringing a release f rom suffer
ing. So let us thruut asido the notion of
pam, and keep carefully ?separated from
it tho fear of Death.
Second is the idea of tho mystery of tho
chango. Lot us keep closoly in mind
what Death is-it is an instantaneous
change. One moment was life, tho next
is not lifo. One imitant was the exercise
of tho vital energies, the next their total
stoppage. One second one was with
this world, thc next ho is gone from it
forever. This mystery, unlike pain, is
inseparable from Death, and tko idea of
Death. Ono can not think of tho mys
tery of the change, and the lonesomeness
of it. Every ono bas to encounter for
and by himself, and himself alone.
Third is the iden of that which is be
yond Death. This idea also is insopa
arable from tho contemplation of
tho change. Whether one believes in a
life beyond tho grave, or in annihilation,
makes no difference. There is something
beyond, and the dread ofthat mystery
Puzzles tho will,
And makes us rather hear thc ills wo have,
Than fly io others that we know not of.
All these three ideas aro connected
with Death. And yet tho chango is or,e?
tbat is being encountered every day.
There are few but have seen uno die, and
it ia a matter of goncral knowledge that
tho number of death-bed where tho one
who was experiencing tho chango has
been unnerved is very small. Tho dying
ono is not moved by his loneliness. He
docs not weep at tho separation. What
grief ho does manifest ia moro for those
who are left than for himself who is going.
Whether a weakened vitality blunts his
sensibilities, or whether he ic prepared
?br the last great change by unusual
strength, matters not. Thero 1B tho fact.
When tho dying m ?rn comes to die, at the
real and very decisive moment, he bas
no fear of Death. Tho fear of the living
cf Dcat'u Is not founded on the fear of
Death of :he dying.
I Jeremy Taylor said something on Death
that has always seemed to have in it a
weight of wisdom. "Take away," he
says, "but the pomps of death, tue dis
{juises and solemn bugbears, and tho act
ngs by candle light, and proper and fan
tastics ceremonies, tho minstrels and the
noise makers, tho weepers, tho swoonings
and the Bhrlekings, tho nurses and tho
physicians, the dark room and the minis
ters, the kindred and the watches, and
then to die is easy, ready, and quitted
from its troublesome circumstances. It
ia the same harmless thing that a poor
shepherd suffered yesterday, or a maid
servant to day ; and at the same timo in
which you ale, in that very night a
thousand creatures die with you, acme
wiso men, and many fools; and the wis
dom of the first will not quit him, and
tho folly of tho latter does not make bim
unable to die."
In a word, reader, your fear of Doatb
will not mak?you fear Death when Death
comes. It (sonly now when you aro liv
ing that you fear it, and how little time
after all do you spend in fearing it.-Cin
cinnati limes.
A_DEDNKEK ELEPHANT.-I Raw lit
tle Betsy as drunk as a fiddler ono time,
and she was a fanny sight. . We were
showing late in the fall in Iodiana, in
ve rv anvere weather. Seine E? O no cy s and
birds and snakes had already frozen, and
Betsy showed that she was suffering
greatly from the cold. Long John went
to Manager Older and said to him !
"You'd better get some whisky for
Betsy or she'll freeze."
"How much."
"Her ears are beginning to freeze; get
three backets."
. Well, they knew that wo; two for
Betsy and ?ne for John; but when it
came to elephants ho was bo*3, and the
whisky was got, aa ho ordered. Only
you should have seen the tavern-keepers
eyes stand out when they ordered three
buckets of whisky for drinks.
Betsy drank all they gave her and got
staving drunk. She'd stagger, and roll
over, and pick herself up, and pick Long
Jchs sp ssd toss him on her back and
sort of laugh, and it was nip and tuck
between them which was the drunker.
Elephants are very fond of whisky, or
any 'sort of liquor, especially if it has a
lot of pepper in it : aud they are uot only
fond of getting-drunk themselves, but
they aro very considerate of drunken
men. I never yet knew of an elephant
hurting a drunken man. That Long
John, when he was staggering drunk,
would go up to Sultan or Canada when
nobody dared aro near them, and would
foot around them, and swing on their
tusks'and toss their trunks about and go
to sleep right'down by their feet, and
they would not only not do him any
harm, but would not let anybody go near
him until ho chose to wake up; and any
real drunkon man can do pretty much as
he pleases with aa elephant.
The greatest enemy to children ia
worms. Shriner's Indian Vermifuge
will nave them frpra ruin. Only 2tr?cents
a bottle. Try it.
Exodas Phases.
A loller from Topeka, Kansas, gives an
amusing and interesting account of how
the negro refugees are faring in Kansas,
and hor the white residents feel about:
the inflow of pauperism. The letter
Bays :
The feeling among tho working peoplo
of Kansas, who are brought into compe
tition with such black refugees as will
work, is bittcily hostile. They justly
complain that '.hoy cannot compete with
labor that is fed, clothed and sheltered
by charity, while they are required to
feed, clothe and sheltsr themselves and
families with the money they receive for
work. One working man said to mo :
"It is all very well to talk of cheap labor.
See how it has affected me. I was work
ing for a dellar a day ; a negro took mj
place for fifty cents a day. He worked
two days. Another took ? his place and
worked three. Then another took.hold.
They were working for spending money
only, as they were fed at the barracks. I
have my family lo support. I cannot do
it on fifty cents a day." His objection
was sound. It ia as unfair to ask white
labor to compete with black labor that 2s
supported by charity as it is to ask them
to compete with convict labor. ' None of
the white laborers about Topeka would
flinch from competing with the refugee
negroes if tho blacks were required to
gain their food. If the food is supplied
by Northern charity they feel that com
?etitlon is impossible. They are right, j
'he tender hearted people' who are so '
liberally supplying tho Topeka barracks
negroes with food and clothing are, un
knowingly, inflicting great injury on the
white laborers of Kansas.
The negroes are living in barracks and
huts in North Topeka. Two little towns
have boon built-ono called Redmanvillo,
the otherTenuesseeTown. The property
adjoining tbeso towns has greatly depre
ciated in value. Ono gentleman told me
ho owned a piece of real property that
before the negro exodus he valued^at
$6,000 ; now he would gladly part with
it for $2,800. Ho believed the evil to bo
a permanent one. Tba .barracks and
huts, having been built, would, he
feared, be kept full of this worthless
class of negroes uatil tho buildings are
burned by some property bolder.
When I visited the barracks the. air
quivered with laughter. Groups of ne
groes sat sunning themselves in tho hot
sun. Some wera dancing, others amus
ing themselves by teaching tricks to dogs.
There were little dogs, middle sized dog?,
big dogs, yellow, white, block, spotted,
and brindle dogs, smooth dogs, and rough
haired dogs; some with long tails, some
with Btub tails, all of the same breed
the cur. I waa astonished at the gener
osity of tho subscribers lo the exodus
fund. To feed, clothe, and shelter the
Eoor outraged negroes, who fled from the
rutality of the southern lsnd, is chari
table. Tb cheerfully feed a drove of
mangy animals, BO as to keep the out
raged ones from brooding over tho wrongs
thoy haye endured by giving their minds
occupation in teaching tricks to curs, is
an unparalleled curiosity. A yellow dog
with a bob tail, sitting up on hit haunch
es, balancing a bit of hoecake on his
nose, and at tho command, "Dar. now I"
tossing it into the air and catching it ' :
it fell, attracted my attention. I felt thal
the negro was progressing in civilization,
A white man situated ss this negro wai
would havo gone crazy realizing his deg
iodation as a pensioner on public charity
The negro sat in the sun, happy and con'
tented, and taught a bob tailed cur tricks
In a street by the Topeka State Bani
I saw two white men dressing building
stones. I counted thirty-one. negroes
leaning against a railing, or standing oi
tho sido rvalk in small groups, all amok
ing, and all with great Interest watching
the white men work. Au hour later J
again passed. There were but twenty
three black men bloced against the rafi
lng by tho bank. Eight had crossed V.
the ether sido of fho street and joined i
tang of nine other refugees, and lb
lack forces, now numbering forty, Btcad
?ly watched the two white men dress tb
building atones.
Tbs change iii puHucai feeling amoDj
not only the workingmen, but propert
owners, is great. Many men living i
Topeka, who have always voted the Ex
publican ticket, will at tho next electio
vote against tho party that started th)
exodus.
HOT MUSH AS A WEAPON.-A ?
markable incident, and one whose ser
ous character waa partially onset by il
ludicrousness, occurred about 6 o'cloc
the other morning in tho kitchen of
mansion on Penn avenue, beyond P?ii
Brc3Ze, in the East End. At that tin
the cook was busily manipulating tb
stirring paddle in a huge pot of rausl
which was seething and bubbling on til
stove. Two of the domestics employe
in the household were present, and wm1
tho mush was being- worked up in tl
nroper style the throe fell into a wan
discussion. Presently the argument wi
changed to a quarrel, and the females ei
tcred into the dispute with great relis
Something was said disparagingly of tl
cook soou after, and in a fit of stiprcn
eager she retaliated upon tho dornest
who made tho remark by landing a lad
full of the hot mmh directly into tho c
fending female's face. Thus tho fig
begun. Five minnies later tbs Omitr
tho mansion, aroused from his BIUUIVK
by the noise, rushed into th'; kitchen, ni
was literally astounded by the ?ceno tb
??et his ~icr. Soft nasses of tuuan w
flying in all directions. The cellir
walls, carpet and various articles in t
apartment were copiously ornament
with big chankb of tho smoking coi
pound, and the irate domestics, wi
their bands madly mixed ap in ea
other's hair, were plentifully bespatter
with it. The battle bod been a hot o
in more senses than one, and after awh:
when tho comhataoi? had. hoe o eepcrii
it was found that each of them had be
burned more or less by the hot mixta
Smoking lamps of tho stuff clung loth:
bair ana garments, and on the whole tb
were in a pitiablo plight. The proprio
did not stop to inquire into the cause
tho trouble, but then and there dischurg
all of the females from his employ
Pittsburg Wegraph.
- The citizens of Kansas will v
next autumn on prohibitory atrondmi
lo the State constitution forbidding I
manufacture' or sale of in lexical
liquors. The temperance peoplo, led
Governor St. John, are hard at work
its support, through the press and
the stump, but the liquor dealers aro
actively in tho field, and at a recent o
vention in Topeka they voted to rs
$100,000 to defeat the measure.
-Stantly Matthews has made a Gr
speech lo Cincinnati. Tho Grant n
would do well to watch bini with caro
they find him among the missing eoe
these data Ho was temporary chi
man of ino Greedy Convention la lt
declared tho Grant rula 'to bo so j
meated with corruption that its overthi
was a necessity, and flopped over to
support of Grant and liberal attorney I
within a fortnight. He ia very ablo
, tho stump, bu? awfully unsteady In.
cours?.
Dead Hen Made to Breathe.
Tue execution of, John Hall and Bur
rell Smith for the murder Of Major Pugh
was wit newed by a crowd numbering
thousands! A feature never to be for
Sotten by those who witnessed it was the
Isplay of devotional sentiment of the
wild, fantastic, exuberant sort common
among negroes, on the scaffold, and du
ring the tow hours previous to tho exe
cution. A number of BO aga were at?s?> .. "./-.
by them and other prisoner? in the jail!
while waiting for the sheriff to como and
take tho condemned men to the ?afluid.
Amonf?them was a refrain:
"I've found my robe, it fits mo well ;
I've tried it on at tho gatesof hell."
Tho two condemned men, and Bill Smith,
another negro, whose testimony with
faelrs combined tosend eight men to the
fienitentinry, ns members ol'their gang of
ncendlaries, who aro declared by msuy
to be innocent, kneeled down on the jail
floor, and swore they had told the truth,
calling each other''brothers in Christ."
Halt and Smith ceinoupon tho scaffold
with their black faces wreathed in ghp.it
ly smiles, and sat trembling in every limb
during the preliminary preparations.
Smith tried to munch a piece of pound
cake he hud in bis pocket, but he did
not look as if ho enjoyed it? When the lust
Crayer had been pronounced, and jiiBt
eforo the black cap was drawn over their
faces they made a few farewell remarks, '
Baying that they hoped to meet all pres
ent in beaven ind "God bless you."
As tho rope was cut Smith fainted and
fell, which gavo him an awkward full,
causing him to writhe lu agony at the
end of tho rope. Hal) died easily.
After they had been suspended seventeen
minutes they, were cut down, and' Dr. Slo
Sr, of ' Nashville, and Dre; Byrne arl
urfeo, of this city, attempted tho exper
iment lu resuscitation which was proposed., '
some days ago. They did not begin until
thirty minutes after the men bad been
cut down. A number of physicians
were present to witness the experiment.
After the clothing had been-taken off
their bodies were wrapped in hot blankets, ?
applications wera mudo to their necks to
reduce the swelling, and an artificial res
piration . brought about by the means
usually applied in casca of porsous who
have been tn tho water ipr a long time.
AU this was preliminary ,'p the applica
tion of electricity. Baltc.Ics wor? placed
in juxtaposition to tho spinal cord and
different portions o* the brain. Tho ef
fects of the application wcro soon appa
rent. First carno nervoui muscular
twltchings in those parts of tho bodies
with which tho batteries wero placed in
contact. Tho temperature waa gradually
Increased until it reached over 1,000 de
grees.
The effect was immediate. The limbs
twitched and shook like men asleep and
struggling nsmder tho spell of a horrid
nightmare. Tho regular drawing in mid
expulsion of air produr #>\ by tho "appli
ances referred to were Lv/ribty real and
life-liko. The euspiration carno with an
effort, however, and sounded like tho
gasp of men struggling for breath.
Dr. Sieger put nia hands to their wrists.
"The pulse lo boating," ho auld. You can
feel itC but faintly."
Their eyes next opened under tho ef
fect of the electric currant, .and turned
about the room in a vacant gaze. There
was no sound but the labored gasping al
their lips. All in tho room stood still
with horror.
?Gentlemen," said Dr. Sieger, "tho
experiment is now concluded. Our main
object waa to shuw the effect cf electrici
ty upon tho muscular centers, and wp
bavo exhibited that, I think, in arcmark
able realistic way."-AV 're?tb?ro {Temi.)
(Correspondence Chi?ogo Jtmes.
? Twenty-fire Years an ?airr?ror.
The Czar of all the Russ?as baa been
nu Emperor for twenty-five years. Ho '
ascended the throne ob the death of his
father, Nicholas, on tho 2d of March,
(old style February 19,) 1855. To-day
ho, therefore, entera upon tho twenty
sixth year ot his reign, and tho evens
will fro coiebraier? throughout tb? empire
and whore loyal Russians are found
throughout tho world. In the palace of
Sc Petersburg the celebration.. will bo
very quiet. The'Empress is ?ick^-sho
has probably not a great while to live.
The last attempt to assassinate the Em
peror and family by blowing up a portion
of the Winter Palace is only two week*
did. Tho Emperor has just been com
Soiled to infest Gen. Louts Melikoff with
senatorial powers for tho preservation of
the peace of tho imperial household.
His own nerves aro unstrung. His life
has been fur from regular, and indulgence .
has told upon bim in tbs irritability
which is the-sure index of nervous de
rangement. An Emperor can hardly bo
asked to be gay when Nihilista are
threatening to celebrate .the twenty-fifth
anniversary of his accession to thc throne
by: a bonfire which is tc consumo bis
capital.
Tho Emperor is now in the sisv7*s?i'
ond year of bia age. Ko was born April
29, (O.8.17,) 1818, arid wa? nearly thir
ty-seven yoars of age when he ascended
the throne. His roita has not only.been
long but eventfu?. His country was en
gaged in the.Crimna war when the death
of bia father do volved the cares of thu
empire upes his:. In ISSI, oa tb? eli*?'""
anniversary of his acceasion to' tho -
throne, he declared tie freedom of the
serfs. Ia 1868 there waa an uprising iu
Pclssd, r,nd lu IoS4 ino Crnr, in crccr to
weaken the influence of the great nobles,
liberated the Poliah eerfc. .
Towaid the close of 1880 a war was
concocted between Russia and Turkestan.
This conflict dragged along for a couple .
of years. In 18W tho Emperor sold
Russian America to'tho United States.
During tho F/acco-Gcvroan war thc ifzar
declared that he did not confider bimi.-ir
bound hy th? '(^it-li^-c in rsgtrd w ti ia -
use of the Black Sea placed upon him by
the treaty of Pam in 1856. In 1871 a
conference was held in London, which
modified the treaty in accordance with
his desires.
, In 1873 Khiva was conquered by tha
Russians. Tho recent war between Rus
sia and Turkoy is fresh In every one's
recollection. Russia was victorious ia
tho field, bot hor diplomante lost all.
r that her soldiers had won. Europe prac
1 tioally combined against Russia after tho
treaty of San Stefano, and ut tho treaty
I of Berlin compelled tho conqueror to
Sart with her conquests for tho aggrau
iremcnt of greedy neighbors. .
Russia is, of course, dissatisfied with
hor position. Germany anticipates war
Io tho .* w future. Official declarations
are maue in favor of peace, but acts ara
against its being maintained.
; i On tho whole, tho future must took
Eloomy to the F.inparor. Insurrection nt
boa and foreign war aro threatened.
After twtaty?fivo years at' BTC'^?MCU in
exercising supreme power, ho fiada him
, self in thc presence of d.it?cult?o* quite aa
great as ?ny ho has hithertosurmom
Ha probably dcslrfca rent, but thora i ?J
none for him this sida of abdication or
the grave.-Nev? York Graphic.;
- Grest ouantiliwi of tobacco are
raised in Russia, thc seed from which it ,
I* growl., being obtained chiefly
United Stales.