Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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^^^*^^^^^^l^^^l**^^'a^^t^^;^*^^^^^^^ BY E. B. MURRAY & CO._ANDERSON, S. C., THURSDAY. MAY 8, 11879. ~VOL. XI^-NO.43. - I rti-i OP HUBiCRIPTlON.-Qn* OOI.LAI . d KITTY OBST* (ur annum, in advance. Twt IMILLA as at end of rear. aavteatTY-Kiv* Cum for six months. Subscriptions are not taken Tor s lea? period ? ban ni.' months. PATH" OP ADVERTISING.-On* Dollar pei ??I II a o ot one Inch for thc fl rat Insertion, and rift jr Cents per square for subsequent lnsertlonslcssthan three mouths. No adrertiieuienls counted leu than a square. I.lheral contracts will tx* madrwlth those wi-ihlo" lo ndvf rtlae for ihreo, six or twelve months. Ad rciil-liiK hjr contract in li? t be confined to the lui inedlalchusliiessof thc firm or Individual contr?c til!*;. ol? tinry Notices excecdin* Ure linea, Tribales of lti.'i|>oct. sad all persons! cotiiiuuDlcallonr, or millern ot Individual interest, will lie chargi-d for at aitvertUiui; rates. Announcements of marriages and ile.ilhs, and tiotlces ufa religious character, ure Biptetfiillr solicited, and will be Inserted ?rntis PHOSPHATES OF THE WOULD. lutorcatliiK Lecture tty Prof. diaries 17. Hliepail, Jr.-'flic Spanish I'hunphatr* the Moi? Formidable Competitor that the Carolina 1'roihict lins to Kucouiit<-r. Tho IcutUro of Professor Charles. U. Shepard, Jr., on tho phosphates of com merce, before tho Y. M. C. Association last evening, filled tho lecture room of the Medici Col lego to its utmost capac ity, hundreds being unable to gain ad mission into the hal!. Thc lecturer spoke with great clearness and was lis tened to with earnest attention. He said : At a timo when tho production of the various Carolina mines has reached two hundred thousand tons per annum, caus ing the disbursement of over one million dollars in this neighborhood, and thereby bringing n comfortable support to many thousand individuals, besides returning a large income lo the Slate; when many men ure considering thc question whether they, too, will embark in thc mining in dustry, and thus yet swell the yearly product, it is obviously n wine course to consider what are tho sources, other than our own, to which the civilized world looks-for its phosphate supply, and how formidable they uro or may become ns competitors hi its markets. In estimating the value of nny phos phate, we may inquire, as our basia of comparison, with how large a content of soluble phosphoric acid can a merchanta ble superphosphate be prepared from it? For thc sake of convenience wo will con fider tho various commercial phosphates in the following order: Guano, Altered Guano, Fossil Hones Coprolites-Phosphatic materials whose near origin is clearly animal. Phosphorite, Apatite- Phosphatic Me ter?ais whose near origin is mineral. GUANO. It is woll for us to include guano in the abovn list., not only because of ita very considerable phosphatic co?tent (say twenty to thirty per cent, of phos phates,) but also because of the serious competition which it must exert in the agricultural world so long as ita supply holds out. With regard te thc quantity of guano still remaining at the dispo sal of the Peruvian Government (and al most nil roal guano is, or ruttier was, Peruvian,) tho statements aro most con tradictory. On tl)e other hand, wc have thc assertion of that .goyeroniont that they possess somo^prty. to forty-five lo calities, contairiVg more or leia extensive deposits of merchantable guano. On the other hand, the British consul at Callao reported, in 1873, tint* ?Bt???inbt pos sess three million tons of exportable guano. This would Inst at tho present rate of shipment only a year orso longer. The complete exhaustion of thc Chincha guano-tho best of the Peruvian-and tho probable carly consumption of tho Guauppo-judging from tue fact that cargoes of inferior guanos are being ex ported from yet other Peruvian localities -lead thc public which has invested in Peruvian bonds, recured ou the guano returns of tho government, and those who depend on this nrticlc.foragricultural purposes, to infer that the enormous ex cavation of these beds has almost exhaus ted what At first sight appeared to bc a boundless supply. Sued nt least is the belief among tue English holders of Pe ruvian bonds, and tho manufacturers of commercial manure at home und abroad. Even the most hopeful look for ward to the complete exhaustion of thc Peruvian, mid all similar beds, before the end of this century. At the present lime, it is doubtful if the annual impor tations of nitrogenous guano into Europe mid the United Staves exceeds one hun dred to one hundred sud fifty thousand tons-a mere baglelle when we remem ber that it lins almost reached six hun dred thousand tons for one year. The decline in quantity nud quality of unal tered (especially Peruvian! guano, steadily augments tho demand for those manufactured manures which are de signed tu supply its place. ROCK-OUANOH. Under rock-guanos we understand those rock formations consisting essenti ally of phosphate of limo (or in a few in stances nf phosphates of magnesia and illumina mid the oxide of irons) which ure derived from original deposits of guanos, and owe their present form to various physical and chemical causas. Since the application of Liebig's method (of rendering bones soluble by tho addi tion of sulphuric acid) to m:::ernl phos phates, the rock-guanos,ha? e been sought alter on account of their generally high percentage or phosphoric ucid and the excellence of thc super phosphates manu factured from them. lu consequence of this demnnd thc West India Islands and other localities where such deposits arc likely lo h-* found have been carefully and repeatedly searched. New beds of phosphatic guanos have been discovered from time to time, but owing to the small quantities of available material that they usually contained, they have generally been soon exhausted, and thus have cen?ed to influence the market. At this day we seldom hear of any fresh and important discovery in tho West Indies; nud while it is not impossible that virgin deposits umy yet bc mund and worked, Buch nevertheless becomes yearly more improbable, as prospecting parties have hunted through all thc many islands, reefs and coasts of these unque~t'onably .undent guano regions. Who ? eland* nave been, as it were, transported in ships across the seas, and thc amount ol phospliatio guanos annually thrown on the European market was enormous ac long us tho deposits held out. With thc ?.xceii! ion nf tho New ?ilrory?? lb*f* i? a! present no large phosphatic deposits in the Wost lollies whose quality will permit of ftVr fihipment across the ocean. cornohlTEfl. The total annual yield of tho variou; English coprolitic deposits is nboul twenty-five thousand tons. According tc Prof, Albert Hunt's mineral statistics thirty-five thousand tons uf all grade were raised in 1872; their value being fi'ty thousand pounds, ;;r about ..avon dollars per tun. While tim difficulty ol oxenvnting theso deposits has been in creased by tho previous exhaustion ol thc more accessible beds and the highei cost of labor, foreign phosphates have been introduced in great quai.'ity, and ol much superior quality, sn that the Eng lish coprolites have long sliico lost thc importance which (hey acquited soon aller first utilization. Of coprolite (using the term in its commercial rdgni Aentiott, thero nro three Important de li i^its in France, vit: the Bologne of Cn li", tho Ardennes and the Bellegurdi Phosphatic modules have been fniiii'' or the Northeastern coast nf Franco, ;roir Havre, to tho Flemish border. The) contain a large amount of sand nut] frc quently nf oxide of iron nud alumina, s< that they "can be employed onlv in tin m an u t'n et uro nf low-grade nrtMc*. Nov ertheless thevhiive been extensively int ported into ?nglnnd. The *n call?t( Ar dennes phosphates possess creator im pm lance, us they tun largely nud sue c??.sfully used itt F re ireh agriculture, ii tho simple, finely ground powder. Tin a.-tu e. I cost of tho ground phosphate 1 about ton dollars per ton, which leave? a very small margin for profit, OD it ia prin cipally Hold in Brittany nt luurtccn dol lars. The annual production of these beds was estimate', in 1872 at twenty five thousand tons, and has increased since then very materially. The Hello garde phosphates may possibly exercise considerable local influence, but the low content of phosphoric acid in the material found on the spot would prevent ita wide shipment. PHOSPHORITES. The Russian phosphorite occurs gen- - crally ic the strata of thc cretaceous for mation ; >t is also, however, found in those of th j Jurassic, Tertiary, and even the .Silurian. M. Yermolofl, who assis ted l'rof. Engelhardt in the recent geo logical and economic survey of Russia, has stated: "We do not (bink that wo exaggerate when we say lh?t Central Russia reposes on phosphate of lime, with which she is able to pave tho hnlf of Kuropc." An examination into tho commercial value of these deposits led to tho conclusion that where thc phosphate rock is accessible its quality is too pour to admit of its more than loud utilization; while the richer nodules occurring, us they do, disseminated through a compact formation, cannot be mined profitably. (July one local attempt had been made to agriculturally utilize these vast de posits, and that had proved a failure. The Bordeaux phosphates-as the phosphorite obtained from thc Depart ments of Lot, Tarn-ctGaronne and Aveyron is commercially called-on the other hand, have played an important part in thc English markets. No new deposits have been discovered in theso regions during the past ?ix years not withstanding continued and careful pros pecting; and the general impression pre vails that the better part, both in quality and quantity has already been sent to market. Tho production has reached 20, 000 tons per annum. The German phosphate, which occurs along thc Lahn, is attributed to the con centration in limited beds and pockets of the small content of phospatc of limo found in the limestone of that region. Thc best average price paid for Labu phosphate, on tho spot, rarely exceed eight dollars per ton. The better quali ties are shipped to England for thc man ufacture ot superphosphates; the medi um qualities arc similarly used in Eng land, and the poorest sorts are reduced to powder for direct application to the Boil. SPANISH PHOSPHATES. The existence of beds of phosphate of limo in Spain lin.- been long known, al though it is only since a comparatively recent date that their true composition and value have been appreciated, and yet later that active mining operations have been carried on at the different lo calities. Logro-?in "nndj Caceresare tho two principal localities for phosphate* iu Spain. There are several distinct veins of phobphorito at Logrosan. Tho rock is blasted ; tho larger pieces aro cleaned by hand .it. I hammer, and then assorted into high ai.d low grades. Tho pieces of trimmed rockavei.^e thrnz to four inches in diameter. The shipment of this phosphate neces sitates great trouble and expense. It is transported in heavy wngons, drawn by mules or oxen, and carrying two to two and a half tons lo the load, to the railway at Vielanueva de la Serena. The cai ts make two trips a week and receive about twenty cents per hundred weight. The cost of transportation and handling until the phosphates is put on shipboard at Lisbon, amounts to almost ten dollars a ton, and the expenses reach fifteen dol lars by the time the rock lias been lan ded in England. It is claimed that it beings twenty-five dollars per ion in the English market. A railway to Villan ueva would reduce the freight expenses materially, but would itself cost ono million two hundred thousand dollars. This lino, onco constructed, would permit of the delivery of simply enormous quantities of this high-grade; rock to the exclusion nf a corresponding amount of the Carolina and other rocks of lower value. The officers at the mine stated their readiness to puarantce their pro duct nt seventy-five to eighty-five per cent, bone phosphate of lime, also their ability to raiso and lay down their phos phate beside the mine at less than three dollars per ton. This mine is apparently the only great competitor in the future v.-'.uch threatens seriously our local indus try. Of the quantity and qunlity of the Lo grosan phosphide, lhere can be no doubt happily, however, such is the tardiness ol Spanish Courts, it may be long locked to commerce; and even then, so great it tho disinclination of the capitalists tc investments in tho interior of Spain, il may be equally long before rail connec tion with the coast is made. The Cacerca Mines, on the other hand are our present competitors in the En glish market, and, as such, deserve upc cial notice. From 1866, when minmi operations began, to October. 1872, th? principal company nt Caceres had fur nislied about one hundred and twentj five thousand tons. They receivet from'$2 to $3.f>0, according to tin ?unlity, for die rock at che mines 'he cost of transportation to Lisboi amounts to about eight dollars por ton Chemical analysis of the rock gives fron fifty-three to eighty-six per cent, o bone phosphate of lime, with an average , of about Bixty to sixty-five per cent. Th ' total recent production has been nbou j? twenty-five thousand tonB annually Most of ibo Spanish phosphate p;oes t , England, whither thirty th reo th?usau , tons were shipped in 1874. France als ' consumes a fc-w thousand ton?. 1 Th \ Spar.'arda make no home use of thei , roc' although tlipir lands stand in sor recd of such enrichment.' Thc8pnnis' Ehoaphates are very difficult: to grim: ut nevertheless make good fenperpho; , nhates, which dry readily, and do m . lose in soluble phosphoric acid, as the ? contain very little o?ide cf iron an alumina. DEPOSITS OF APATITE. ; Of the Canadian npatitic deposits littl 1 ia known beyond the feet tbat they cor r sist of pockets (or bunches) of high grad * phosphate of lime, of crystalline strucl f ure, imbedded in granite, gneiss an mica-slate. It is claimed that very coi > sidcrnblo quantities of apatite exist i f" Canada; but possibly owing to thei occurrence in widely sopnrntcd pockel * the cost of excavation and hnnd-trirr ming from thc,accompanying rock an i tho great expense of transportation, nt much nf it is met with in the phnsphati - trade. The production heretofore lu - not certainly exceeded ten thousand tor ! annually, and possibly n.-it much ovt i five thousand. It in almost entire! i consumed in New Englan'1 and Gre, ' Britain. Last autumn very startlin - report ; wcro spread aa tn Mir discovery < * a trno vein nf apatite in Oanadn, an 3 much anxiety was entertained aa to tl; effect on the price of South Carolin rock, hnt since then no norrohnralio - ba* followed. Canadian a pps ti tc - difficult to grind, and in spite nf its vei Ililli content (eighty per cent.) of pho i phato ?>f lime, ita convention into ni s Pfrphnsphatea ia attended with difficu ? ty. A few yenni since a vein of apatite was discovered on the Southern coast of Norway, which has since then been worked by tho Uamble Phosphate Com pany and others on a considerable scale. The expense of preparing the rock for market by hand-trimming isgre?t. The present annual production barely reaches a few tons. The extent of thc deposit was estimated at seventy five thousand tons. The first quality of apatite con tains eighty-five to ninety per cent, bone phosphate of lime, selling for thirty dollars per ton; the point of shipment is some three and one half-miles distant, whither it is transported in small moun tain wagons. CONCLUDING REMARKS. You will observe appended to the analysis of the various foreign phosphates ou the table to which your attention has been called from time to time this even ing, some results obtained on the rock from different localities in this State. If we confine our attention exclusive to tlfe grade of tho superphosphates manu factured from this suite of samples ex amined in this laboratory, you will note the following average: BUl'ER PHOS Pl [ATES M ANUFACTURED. Contain of Sol utile From Phosphoric Acid. Cambridge Coprolitcs.10 per cent. French Conni! i tes. 74 Bordeaux Phosphate. 5 to 15 German Phosphate. 8 to Kl Spanish Phosphate. ll to 20 Navassa Phosphate.Ill .South Carolina.io to 15J Kio Grande Hone-Ash..14 While I have not hesitated lo employ this criterion as the basis of our practical survey this evening, it would be certainly amiss to ignore another modo of com parison which possesses a like interest and profit. You are aware that consid erable use is made of phosphate rock simply ground to a fine powder, and ap plied to tho soil by itself, or in con_ no tion with potash salts, burnt marl, stable manure or other fertilizing materials. Without entering upon a discussion ol tho merits of this procedure, I would call your attention to the following table, which gives the average results of a lon;: series of examinations as to the solubili ty of thc different ground phosphates ir a solvent which is supposed lo npproxi mate in its effect to thc action of tin waters occurring in soils. Amount of phosphoric acid dissolved on treatment of the finely ground phos phates from the following localities, will an uniform quantity of neutral-citrate-o ammonia solution, ispee, grnv. 1.09:1 Cambridge coprolite?. 0.85 por cent French eoprolites. 0.03 to 1.77 Bordeaux phosphate. 3.35 German phosphate.2.00 to 2.40 Mexillones guano. 4.09 Raza Island.15,83 ltio (fraude bone-ash. 4.08 .South Carolina phosphate rock 2.T.1 to 0.30 While it must be admitted that tin method of investigation as to the com punitive assimilnbility of the vnriou phosphates leaves much to be desired yet there is a considerable value to b attached to the results, conducted n 'hey were in an uniform manner. Al tention is called to the fact that th South Carolina phosphates are, on th average, as readily attacked as the Mej il?ones guano and the Kio Grande bom ash, and much more so than the Frene and German phosphates, -which hnv been used for r. long time- and, n is claimed by eomo successfully-in tl simple pulverized condition as a mear of supplying the requisite phosphnt pabulum to plants. The lateness of the hour precludi anything more than a brief summai of the commercial situation. Assumin that of the two hundred thousand tons i phosphate rock now raised from the vi riuus South Carolina mines, one-third consumed nt homo, and two-thirds a exported, chiefly to England, we see once how seriously the price of our cor modity must be affected by any new increased competition in the Englii innrkel. At this moment the stagnation nt anxiety in commercial operations on tl other side of the Atlantic have urque tionably depressed the prico of phc phates in general. It is to be expect that a reaction must come some time, ai that the demand will ouce more beroi active. When that day shall, happil have arrived, will there be room for yet larger consumption of South Caro na rock 7 My remarks this evening ha been designed to put you in a position answer this important question. The old beds-on which the Engl i market relied-have either failed entir< or show evidence of early cxhausth with the exception of the Spanish, m< especially that of Logrosan, which lon up like a spectre. Is there any pro! bilily of the discover}* of a new depos: J.n answer to this question, it must remarked that the great variety ot occi renee, form and color, which mark ph phatic substances, are favorable to i th having been overlooked or neglec ?ven in regions whero considerable tention hus been bestowed on the deveh ment of mineral wealth. For the sake of the State, of the ce mu'nity, of us all who are here assembl it is to he hoped Chut with an incrcas demand for phosphates, no other bcd n bo discovered or give unexpected crease of yield, so that we may rent long and rich harvest from our Bonan COMMERCIAL PHOSPHATES. Tho following is the com paral statement referred to by Professor Sh ard in his lecture : A-Percentage of phosphoric acid the natural phosphate. B^Per??ai?g? uf p'soapnoric acid tho superphosphates made from them Localities. A. Rio Grand-Hone ash.30.84 1 Mexillones-Guano.33.23 1 Fhn-nlx Islands-Rock guano...39.08 1 Sombrero-Kock guano.37.51 1 Curacoa-Rock guano.32.52 1 Swan Island-Rock guano.- 1 Navassa-Rock guano.3.1.18 ] Elrogue-Rock guano.32.00 ^ Redonda-Rock guano.40.10 i Cambridgeshire-Coprolitcs.2o.4 ? 1 Cambridgeshire-Co;iroiit?<.25.05 1 Ardennes-Coprolites.20.71 Grand-pro-Coprolitcs.17.1 :i Varen mw-Coprolites.21.01 I Uellegnrdo-Coprolites.23.37 Bordeaux-Phosphate.38.1M Bordeaux-Phosphate.21.40 German-rim ph .<.. (besr'.'.......34.S.,ii : German-Phosphat (Inferior).17.50 Peine-Copiolites.14.88 Horde-Black band ( phosphate) 19.4.H Russia - Government ot Orel (pbosphnte).....13.35 Odcgarden-Apatite.....37.00 Spain- Phosphorite (best).38.05 Spain-Phospliorlte(hircrlor)....20.15 Logrosan-Phosphorite (yellow)37.M> l ..H-Phosphorite (may). ..42.17 Zuruida Mayor-Phosphorite.3d.20 Caceres, Abundancia Mine.27.00 Caceres, Estrella Mine (white)...20.09 . Cac?rrcs, nsnieralda (rosy).37.38 Canada-A patito.39.80 C&tnJinn Phos?ihafes. Cooper River-Land deposit. i Ashley River-Land deposit. Ashley River-Land deposit..... ! r.etv. t en Ashley and Hantowlcs-Laud deposit.,. Between Ashley ami Rnntowlcs -Ixmd deposit. Wando River-Hivcrdcivosit. Stone Riven-River deposit ., Ed Uto River- Land p u - it. . THE COLORED EXODUS. Agitation or the Subject in the Country* Thc nias? meeting ut the Cooper Union, New York City, on Wednesday, to ex press sympathy with the colored people who are leaving Louisiana and Missis sippi, to seek new homes in the West was large in numbers, the audience consist ing almost entirely of colored people of both sexes. Thc featuies of the adair were the bitterness of what was said and the insignificance of what was done only ??234 having been collected. Tho following liberally savage resolutions were, however, adopted : "Whereas thc colorhd people aro leav ing the South by thousands um! are seek ing new haunts in tho West; whereas their innocent fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, wives nud other relatives and friends have been stricken down in cold blood and their lifeless llesh been left as food for tho Southern turkey buzzard ; whereas a tree has been made by brutal men u perpendicular delivery bed for au > innocent pregnant wife and a mother to i die on ; whereas the colored people have i toiled without being compensated, and have been mercilessly robbed ; whereas extreme extortion has been the policy of those who have furnished them with tho needs of life ; whereas education has j been denied them ; w hereas they have , not been permitted to worship Clod in peace ; whereas they have relied on tho ? Federal arm at Washington, and it under thc control of professed frieuds, and found no protection and have been made to live a life of peril ; and, whereas, thc ? colored refugees have horror stricken tears as to the state of things which will bo true of the South, should tho Federal army aller 1880 be under the control of those woo have niliiliatcd with their op pressors ; "We approve of their movement to such a new homo in the West, and re solve to do all in our power to assist them, nnd do call upon every man, wo man and child to extend to them n help ing hand." Thurlow Weed and others of less note, black and white, spoke. Wendel Phil lips and William Lloyd Garrison sent letters, the reading of which called out tho most enthusiastic applause. Wen dell Phillips wrote : "I am exceedingly sorry that I Cannot be with you. My health is not such as to allow of it. I have no words to describe what I consider the importance of your meeting. Only two paths are open to the colored men of tho South : one is to resist, and protect themselves against intolerable oppression by ai..:s ; the other is to leave, one-half of them, their homes, and teach their op pressors justice by thc severe lesson of Bullering. Leave the tyrants and bullies to till their own soil or starve, while they do nothing but wrong and rob their laborers. Without laborers the Southern acres are worth nothing. Even a South erner will come to his senses, or if he never had any senses, obtain sonic, when be is starved. I trust the North will, os in Kansas days, organize and help to open channels and contribute means for a large emigration from States ruled by thieves nnd cut-throats, who know no means of getting their bread except by robbing their neighbors." After regrets at his inability to bo present, William Lloyd Garrison wrote : "The spectacle of thousands of half nuked, empty-handed, despairing Mien, women and children fleeing as for their lives from ono part of the country to an other, preferring to risk starvation and death by tho way rather than remain where they naturally belong, is one cal culated to move pitying Heaven and to awaken all that is sympathetic and ircn crou8 in tho human breast. Their claims 1 for immediate charitable relief are equal ly just and imperative. In these South cm States conspiracy and usurpation suc cessfully bear sway. In nil the lalo Rebel States there scarely exists a singlo legitimate State administration : for no election has been permitted, without be ing controlled more or less by fraud, in timidation and lawlessnc.-.s. It is clear that the battle of liberty and equal rights is to be fought over again, not in a party sense in the ordinary use of that term, but by the uprising and consolidating of a loyal, freedom-loving North, over whelming in numbers, determined in purpose, invincible in action, ?..d su preme in patriotism, based upon impar tial justice and an all-embracing citizen shin. While therefore grave, exciting and relatively important as the present exodus of a few thousands of colored refugees from Mississippi and Louiainua may be, it is only an incident of tho hour, demanding succor and uid in various forms, until they have time to nelcct their dwelling-place?. But what of tho four million of colored people in thc en tire South? Their exilement is a ques tion not to be seriously entertained for a moment, either as a desirable or possible event. Tho American government is but a mockery and deserves to be over thrown, if they are to bo left without protection us sheep in thc midst of wolves. Let the edict go forth, trumpet longucd, that there shall bc a speedy end put to all this bloody m ?ar ul; , and let tho rallying cry be heard from the At lantic to the Pacific coast : "Liberty and equal rights for each, for all, and forever, _ wherever the lot of man is cost, within I our Inuau domains." THK LA8T AHMED SOLDIER.-A man who had tho appearance of having jut awakened from a sleep of twelve or fif teen years, nrrived in tho city last week, on his way South. He claims to be a na tive of Georgia, to have been a Confed erate soldier in thc Into war, and since thc close of hostilities to have lived in .Massachusetts. His clothes were ragged in tho extr?me, und looked as though the pieces had hardly strength to hold to j gother. The stranger carried with him the musket that he had borne through the war, rusty nnd timeworn, and on his back and side were strnpped his knapsack and cartridge-box. He says he is the last armed soldier of tba Confederacy, and that he ls now tramping from Massachu setts to his old homo in Georgia, which he has not seen for many a year. Though his naked skin could bu seen in many [ibices through his nigged clothing, and lis soiled beard reached down to his waist, thc man-bv his conversation exhibits grent intelligence, flo walked yesterday from Richmond to Petersburg, and left in thc afternoon, after having re ceived pecuninry assistance from several citizens, on hts walk to Weldon.-Peters burg Index. OP ANY VALUE.-If thc testimony of eminent chemists, and sagacious medical men, is ol any value. Dr. I'ricc'u Cream linking Powder iu thc most perfect made. Thc*} men of standing in their profes sions, not only recommend its use, but endorse it by using it in their own fami lies. BUTLER ANSWERS BLAINE. The 'Junge Ifjrftter-llugxcr1 Votier Discus niuo.-One I II-(ann' ?lien Hie Senator from Mnlne HIP! lil? Mutch. Thursday's Debate from ''/Ac Retord" Mr. Butler: Mr. President, I will make but one single remark in reply to lite senator from Maine. South Carolina is quite able to take care of herself without any suggestions or reflections of that sen ator ; and fortunately for us there is nothing to sustain thc charge which he makes, except his own statements, and if they are not more correct than a great many others that he has made in this Chamber they will not go for very much. Now, Sir, I said that so far as Smalls and Carduzo were concerned, his friends, it was determined weeks ago, I think, tliut they should be pardoned. Mr. Hlaine: Did thc public know nny thing about it? Mr. lintier s I do not know that tho public knew anything of it. Mr. Blaine: Docs the senator state that the public in any way knew any thing about it? Mr. Butler: I do not know whether tho public knew anything about it, and 1 do not care. Mr. Blaine: That is the very point of the whole thing. Mr. Butler: And I undertake to sny that tho cases against .Mr. Chamberlain and against the others have not been dis continued. Therefore thc statement niado by thc senator is not true. Mr. Blaine: I only stated what was in the public prints. That wa? all. Mr. Buller: Precisely; but thc senator gets up and makes these statements with out regard to whether they aro truo or not, but co far as ho is concerned ho stands sponsor for them. AH 1 said, fortunately for South Carolina, there is nothing to sustain thc charge which he makes against her except his own un supported statement. There has been no discontinuance of the prosecutions ngainst those persons. I'. iijto the timo will come when they will ali bo discon tinued, in tho interest of peace. I have advised it for the last twelve months, and I shall continue to advise it; and if tho senator denounces it as a bargain, let him denounce it. I think, Mr. Presi dent, the people of South Carolina cnn take caro of her interests and her honor just as well without thc dictation of thc honorable senator as with it; and yet ho has been hurling again and ngniu his anathemas against her, which, I submit, if he will pardon me for saying no, is not becoming an American Senator. I un derstand thnt Cardozo and Smalls have beeu pardoned, and I arri glad they have been pardoned, but the cases against the others have not been discontinued. I think they all ought to be, and, if I nm not very much misinformed, the honor able senator had thc same opinion twelve months ago. Mr. Biuiup: They never ought to have been commenced. That is the opinion of "tho honorable senator", if you want to hear it. Mr. Butler: Ah, Mr. President, they ought never to have been commenced, nor ought many of tho prosecutions in the United States Courts ever to have been commenced. When thc senator talks about a bargain having been made in regard to thc Ellenton prisoners, and some dispatches sent front Washington by the Executive, docs thc honorable senator know that tho Chief Justice of the United States was presiding at those trials? Would ho make n bargain? Does the honorable senntor charge that upon him? Mr. Blaine: Does the honorable sena tor from South Carolina know that tho Chief Justice said it was impossible to procure n conviction ? Mr. Butler : No, sir. Mr. Blaine: He did say so, sir. Mr. Butler: I know nothing of tho kind, Mr. President, but I do know 'his that there were trials of thirteen of those prisoners aud a mistrial ; and if any bar gain was made, upon thc head of tho Chief Justice must the charge of the sen ator fail, because he was there presiding in that court, and I know that twelve men tried and a mistrial was thc result of it. What may have boen thc opinion of the Chief Justice upou that subject I do not know, but perhaps thc senator docs. Mr. Blaine: This is a que >tion of fact : it is a question of debato upon evidence gathered before a committee of the Sen ate ; and I am not to bo deterred from discussing that by thc gentleman trying to arraign mc for abusing South Caroli na. I have said not ono word about South Carolina nor about any officer of South Carolina other than that which is contained in the report of a special com mittee of the Senate, and I do not propose to bc dragged unnecessarily into any per sonal iusues outside of that. 1 hold thc senator to thc record, I hold him tn thc testimony of a man for whose veracity ha stands sponsor and voucher, and I ask him not to answer me by stating any thing in tho shape of menace ; 1 .? .1: him to answer a reputable citizen of his own State at thc bar of thc Senate. Mr. Buller: Mr. Prcsidcut, it certain ly is nut my habit, it never hos been my habit to utter a menace against any body, much less against a senulor ou this floor. I haye uttered no monaco against tho honorable, senator hom Maine. If there has been any menacing in this debate, it has come from him. I understand thc honorable senator to refer to certain dis graceful transactions by thc authorities of South Carolina, and now he rises and snys that he luis never arraigned that Suite. If that is not an arraignment, I Bubt&ii to the honorable senator he him self docs not understand thc English lan guage. Mr. Blaine: If the senator will permit me at that point, I stated to thc honora ble senator from Indiana that if the ar rangement made between thc two courts. Stale and Federal, was ns bc referred to and was as telegraphed to thc papers, it was disgraceful alike to thc Federal au thorities nnd to the State. I do not limit my criticism to the Smtp I put wltHl has been transmitted by telegraph to thc public press, and on that thc case in against both parties. Mr. Butler: But, Mr. President, thc senator, without any qualification, until I called his attention to it, arraigned the State, and be has never until now ar raigned the Federal authorities ns hav ing been guilty of disgraceful conduct. I am very glad that the senator has quali fied his remark. If the had dono that in the first instance this colloquy would not hate been necessary. Mr. Blaine: I spoke of the judicial hugger-mugger, a word thc honorable sen' alor from Indiana did not seem ever tc have heard before, which meant a cover ing up on both sides. I have made nc remark which I have qualified; I have made none which I desire to quality. Il the honorable senator has misunderstood me that is his misfortune; it is ccrtainlj not ray fault. Mr. Butler: Thnt is true,sir. Now, lr reference to one other subject to which thc honorable senator has referred, bc says that he produced thc tes ti mot. e; Mr. James B. Campbell, for whoso > racily nnd character I vouched. " Doe tho honorable senator not know, or doe* ho know, tlint tlint gentleman wa? a do featcd candidate, non:; ulled by the Re |iublican Convention in tbe County of Charleston, running independent; and smarting, I have no doubt, under the do feat which ho received overwhelmingly, ho lashed himself into a fury and went befuro that committee, and I do not be lieve, in his cooler momenta, ho would repeat what he there stated. Mr. Ulai no: It is very novel that a de feated candidate for the senatorial ellice in a Statu cannot tell thc truth under oath. Mr. Butler: I did not say that ho could not tell the truth, and thc senator shall not put wo. ls into my mouth; I 1 said no such thing. I simply mentioned j tlint fact by way of illustrating tho aili ' mus which actuated Mr. Campbell. As to 1 these chargea of bargaining by tho State I and Federal authorities, and as to the fact .hat Governm Simpson did not sec fi' to j announce beforehand that bo intended to pardon Cardo?) and Smalls, I know nothing. I know nothing nbou! thc rea son why thu Governor did it; I suppose he had good and suliicient.reason. But us I said a while ago, I am'glnd he die. it; Thc oases in Charleston have been continued, and there is no court Hit ting in Columbia to continue the cases against thc Republicans who were charg ed ; therefore thc statement falls to the ground. Reported Exchange of Prisoners. It was recently intimated by Senator Blaine that there had been an agreement entered into between tho (?overuincnt of Smith Carolina and tho Government nf thc United States for ail exchange of prisoners. The party of tho first part was to pardon Carduzo ?md Smalls and not press tho prosecution of other noted Radicals, and thu party of tho second part was to discontinue proceedings against thu Democrats fur alleged politi cal (ilienses. This view of thc case was also taken by thc Charleston correspon dent of the New York Tribune, who tele graphed that journal a few days ago that "in consequence of a satisfactory under standing the vexatious prosecutions in State Courts of tho Republicans, inclu ding ox-Governor Chamberlain, would bc finally dropped, thu District Attorney agreed tu postpone further consideration ol thc election cases."' Thc Washington Republican, however, indignantly denies that any such arrangement was made by tht consent or connivance, of thc Attorney (Jencral. The truth ol' thc Republican* denial may bc admitted without affecting the accuracy of the intimation made oy Senator Blaine and of the statement given io iiiu Tribune by its Charleston correspondent. Though tho matter was one that carno properly within the juris diction ol'the Department ol Justice, it is probable timi Mr. Devons was not con sulted. lt hus been rumored that tho negotiations on thc part of tho National Administration wcru conducted by Mr, Evarts, thu Secretary of Slate. If such a treaty was made wc do not seo how tho authorities of.South Cur lina can be cen sured for their share in the transaction. lt is true thntSinalls, Cardozo, Chamber lain & Co. were not charged with politi cal offenses but with a crime involving moral turpitude-personal dishonesty and it is equally iruc that they richly de served to bc punished as common felons. But on the other hand a large number of tho good citizens of tho State had been arrested charged with thc commission of political offenses. That they wero wholly innocent would avail them little. They wore to he tried by n Court organ ized to convict. By applying thc test oath to jurors the jury was to bc packed and a partisan Judge was to preside and by his rulings close eve rv avenue of escape to the accused. Indeed, tho test oath was applied, the jury was packed, thc partisan rulings were made and two or three of the defendants were convicted before tho time at which it is suid tho Judge and tho District Attorney received light from Washington. But suddenly thc Court discovered the defects of the indictments, thc insufficiency of the evi dence ; tho District Attorney became loth to put the Government to the ex pense of pushing the prosecutions, and, alter four of tho defendants had been ac quitted, asked to have the cases against the others continued until November. There ia good reason to believe that they never will be brought to trial again, lt is better to have all the thieves of the Radical regime escape tho punishment of their crimes thnn to have ono innocent citizen sent to a Northern dungeon. It is bad that guilty men should go un whippod of justice, but is far worse for tho innocent to suffer.-Augusta Chron icle ami Constitutionalist. GOVERNMENTS LAST A no UT FIVE ! HUNDRED YEARS.-The following is an extract from a late sermon of the Rev. David Swing, of Chicago: As initions do not rise in a day, so in a day they cannot be overthrown. There are some singular records in history. It seems thal a great nation cannot turn on its axis more than onco in 40U or 500 yenrs. Sonio of the old States lie outside "the bounds of history ; but those inside these bounds show great uniformity in making thc lime of radical changes in dynasty. F.gypt was under shepherd kings about 600 years. Uer golden age. when she so flourished in url, spread over SOO year*. The Hebrew republic ran from "Moses to Kiug David-?300 years; and then came thc empire lo en ter upon fiOO or 1)00 years of success. The glory of Greek liberty covered about .r)0(? years. Rome enjoyed all tho spleu dor of a republic for the same strange pe riod-i?? years. Thus, between Cincin mitus, thc farmer President, und the overthrow <if Hie republic by Ca-.sar and Antony, there intervened the magical five centuries. Spain and Franco and . Germany, formed out of new countries which followed thc breaking up of thc ! westtrn empire, are now living well and happily in the 400th year of their Rep?rate lives. These statements are sufficiently truthful at lenst to ensure us that those , I great Kinm which we cal! "nations" can ? neither be placed in tho sky in a day nor i in a dny be blotted from tho galaxy. Behold th rough what turmoils France I hos come ! Thc atheist and communist assailed her. Napoleon drained her of I men and money by wars of ambition. . Other revolutions came. Then carno the usurpation of Napoleon, then tho German war with defeat and a fine of 61,000,000, . 000 ; and yet to to-day France comes i ont of those commotions.a wiso and powerful republic. A FM hum:.-Any attempt to produce a perfumo in thia or any country that , can surpass Dr. Price'? Unique Perfumes, will provea failure, fer Dr, Prlco'a por , fumes aro ns fresh and aweet as tho nour , ere from which they aro made, and nan f not bc improved. 1 ADVANTAUKS DECIR RD.-Tho advan tages in tho usc of Dr. Price's Special Flavoring Extracts aro decided, a? they ' are put up in bottles of full measure ; ' made from tho true fruits and aromatics, ! without poisonous oils or einen?, puro ' and true. _ i - Thc wickedest city in thc world i Sinsinnati. QUICKENED CONSCIENCE?. A Hectic In a Georgia Court Boom. A correspondent of tho Nashville American repeats tho following story which was told him by a Georgian who witne-.ed the scene described : I Georgia has a stringent pistol law. The peualty is forfeiture of tho pistol, ! and a fine of fifty dollars and, at the dis ? cretion of thc court, imprisonment for ! thirty days. A short time after this law j went into effect, Judge Lester was hold ing court iu one of the mountain coun ties of North Georgia, and, right in the midst of thc trial ot a cause, he asked thc attorneys to suspend a few moments, mid told the Sherill* to lock tho court houso door and let no mau noss out with out permission from him. Then said tho Judge in his firm, decided way: "Gen tlemen, I saw ii pistol on a man in this room a few moments ago, and I cannot reconcile it to my sense of duty aa a peuce officer to let such a violation of the law pass unnoticed. It may be that it is my duty to go beforo thc grand jury and indict him, but if that man will walk up to this stand and lay his pistol and afino of ono dollar down here, I will let him oir this time, otherwise I will go before tho grand jury and testify against him." Tho Judgo paused, aud an attorney who was sitting down just beforo tho stand got up, slipped his hand in his hip pocket, drew out a neal ivory-handled Smith & Wesson six-shooter, and laid $1 down beforo tho Judgo. "This is all right," remarked tho Judge, "but you are not tho mun that I saw with the pistol." At this another attorney sitting imme diately in front of thc Judge, got up and. drawing out a small Colt's revolver, laid it mid u $1 bill upon the stand. "This is right again," said tho Judge, "but you are not tho man I speak of." Thereupon a largo man just outside of the bar walked around, rat? his hand into his bosom, und, drawing out a hugo oid army pistol, laid it and kl on tho stand. "I declare," exclaimed the Judge, "if this don't beat all. You have done right, my friend, but you aro not the man I saw with tho pistol." This process went on until nineteen pistols and $19 were lying on the Judge's stand. Then thero was a pause, and it appeared ns if the crowd were pretty well disarmed; at least, if there were any more pistols in the house their owner? did not seem disposed to give them up. "Gentlemen," resumed the Judge, "hore are nineteen persons who have I acted like men in this business, but tho man that I saw with ?he pistol has not come up yet ; and now," continued he. pulling out his watch and looking toward thc far side of thc court house, "I will i give him ono minute to accept my prop osition, and if ho does not do it in that timo, I will point him out to the Sheriff und order him to take him into custody." Immediately two men from the back part of tho house began to movo toward the Judge's stnnd. Once thej' stopped and looked at each other, and* then, com ing slowly forward, laid down their pis tols and their dollars. Aa they turned to leave, tho Judge Baid: "This man with tho black whiskers is thc one that I Baw with thc pistol." Then Judgo Lester gave a short lecture upon tho cowardly, foolish and wicked habit of carrying concealed weapons, and assured his audience that in the futuro the law would bo strictly enforced.1 Thc court proceeded with its regular business, and it is needless to add that in that county thu habit of carrying pistols was broken up. How and When African Slaves Were Imported futo tho United States. Feom the Boston Commonwealth. A friend of ours, iu making some in vestigations, was desirous of learning the best opinion as to the number of African slaves imported iuto tho United States, from whom our present colored popula tion havo mostly descended, and wrote to Mr. Garrison for his judgment in the matter. Ue received m reply the fol lowing letter : ROYIIURY, March 10,187J. DRAR SIR-I should havo answered yow. letter at an earlier date but for va rious engagements. In regard to tho i'umber of slaves brought from Africa to (dis country I have never seen any re cord, and it is not probable that any was ever made. At tho time of the procla mation of American Independence it tras computed that 300,000 had been im ported ; but during tho Revolutionary struggle thc traffic must havo been very limited. On tho adoption of tho United States Constitution that traffic was legal ized for a term of 20 years, and thence forth was as regulnrly pursued as eny other branch of commerce, and almost exclusively by Kew England ship-owners ( Bristol aud Newport, ll. I., taking tho lead,} tho South iuruishing a ready mar ket for tho victims. The invention of Whitney's cotton gin, iu 1793, made tho cultivation of cotton (up to that period of no account.) tho ab sorbing interest of the planters, and gave a powerful impetus to tho African slave trade, which continued io be actively pm. .'-enteil until the year 18U8, when it was prohibited by an act of Congress, under specified pcualties. The act, how ever, was not enforced. In 1820 Con gress mado thc trado piracy, and, thus branded, it was pursued with lei!; daring, and a good deal curtailed; though but ono ship-master was ever convicted aud executed, I believe. But, up to the time of the Southern rebellion, African slave traders continued to smuggle their vic tit?iD ...... lue ? .-.?.<. ino ??utUcfu por is ; but tho demand of thc planter for fresh stock was largely met by Maryland and Virclnia as slave-breeding States, and against tho domestic traffic there was no law of tho land. Doubtless, from thc commencement to tho end of the dreadful traffic, more than n million of kidnapped Africans were brought to these shores, to be followed by the most terrible judgments upon this guilty nation. Verv truly yours. WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. Ax ORCHARD.-Tho mau who plants an apple orchard does not expect to get any return of consequence uutil it is ten or twelve years old : but bc plants for all. Ho knows that if he wants to sell his land beforo tho trees bear fruit, the state ment on the sale billa that the- farm con tains "an orchard of fruit tree-, just com ing into bearing" will help thc bidding wonderfully ; and it will be tho samo with trees when once the exact position of tho timber question is understood. .A piece of woodland properly planted end well located will como into use before an apple orchard will ; and a farm of a hun dred acres which could advertise that it had five acres of young forest ten: years old would bring far more than interest on coat. ' . ' ' _ - Tho man who walks tv enty-foqi hours ou a stretch ia crmstdered a hero, but no ono seems tb have a kind word for tho baby that yella straight ahead for seventeen hours. It Ls one of those raro, -good remedies which used ovv> will be always, kopt in tho house. Dr.,Bull's Baltimore J?UU 1 wo refer to. Prico 25 couts, LEGAL A D YES TEURO.-Vit are compelled to require cash psymcnts for adrerUalog ordered br Uxeeutors, Administrators and ether Maelarles and herewith append the rate? for tbe ordinary notices, which will only be Inserted when tba money cornea with tba o raer :, Cltatlos?, two Insertion?, - fMf) Estate Notices, three Insertions, . . ?toe Final Settlement*, fire Insertions - - 8.09 TO GO&RlUPONDBXTlU-to order io receive attention, communications must I.) accompanied by th? true name and address of the irriter. Re jected manuscripts will not be returned, unless tba necessary stain pa are furnished to repay the postage thereon. sTaT- We are not responsible for the views and opinions of our correspondents. All communications should be addressed to "Ed lton Intelligencer." and all checks, drafts, money orders, Ac, should be msdo pcyable to the order ?f E. B. MURRAY 4 CO., _ Anderson, 8. C. Andy Johnson at Lexington. Andrew Johnson, then a refugee at Camp Dick Robinson, near Danville, Ky., carno to Lexington, Ky., in the Bum mer of 186T, to make n speech againat thc evils of secession, lt nad been an nounced for days preceding that the speech would be mado at the Opera House. The city was filled with the cul tivated nud elite citizens of that unsur passed country. John Megan, the famous raider, was then organizing his regiment at Lexington. Tbs secession spirit waa wild with anticipated success of its cause. At the appointed time the Opera House was crowded almost to suffocation with ladies and gentlemen, with those clinging to the Union with unshnken affection, with those undecided where to cast their lot, with thoso filled with tho idea of a new government and a new order of things. Mr. Johnson en tered the hall from tho front, accom panied by a few friends, looking every inch a man. He was then in tho prime of life and benuty of. a well-developed manhood, like Paul of old, stood ready to offer up his life in defence of the faith aud hopo that posssessed bim. As he entered the bouse a r.huut wcut up from friend and foe, for all saw at once in tho man the wonderful power and magnetism which made him the prido of Tennessee and the acknowledged friend of thc peo ple. Threats bad been ? made on the streets of the city that day by young rebel spirits that Mr. Johnson should not de liver a Union speech on that occasion, others declared that ho should-both sides were armed more or lesa. There was a dread in tho minds of the moro prudent on both sides that a "bloody drama" was imminent. Mr. Johnson saw at once the danger surrounding the situation, and with a masterly stroke, quickly quieted the surging, excited throng of people, with tho lollowing hap py introduction : "I stand to-day a refu gee from home, from my adopted State, in whoso councils I have stood as a tri bune of tho people, froui my loved-wife and children, and have sought a tempo rary home in tho grand old State of Ken tucky, in the historic city of Lexington, under the shndow of .that monument which stands in memoriam of the grand est man tho world ever saw ! Kentucky was the fit home of a Clay, and Clay was tho true representative of such a State. Monuments of marblo aro not necessary to perpetuate their glory. They aro a part ot tho history of our common coun try, and will only be forgotten when we -fellow-citizens-shall forget the glory of that country. I nm here to spesk in be half of that country-ono and insepara ble-just as our forefathers made it-just as our Clay preserved it in the compro mise measure of 1850, when ho enid : 'I may be asked, as I have been asked, wheu I am for tho dissolution of this Union, I answer, never! never!! never ! ! !' So say I, my countrymen ! Mny I, Kentuckians, thc friends, neigh bors and constituents of such a man, give my reasons to-day why this Union should bo preserved, why war, the last alterna tive of civilization, should be avoided? Shall 1, bo heard for my cause, even by tbe bravo and gallant men who are to day putting on tho harness of war under nn excitement that it will yet make many homes desolate, mako many hearts weep over stricken loved ones! Brave men are bravo on ?all occasions; no more afraid of freo speech than of freo combat. Cowards suppress the ono and flee from the other! Shall I bo heard?" At this point Col. Tom Buford (who baa jU6t as sassinated Judge Elliott a? Frankfort, Ky.,) moved from his sent to the aisle facing tho speaker, nnd said : "Go on Mr. Johnson ; you shall be heard to-day iq behalf of the Union. .Kentuckians love a bravo man, wherever found, , and under all circumstances.^ Suffice it to say that the eloquenco of tho orator and the responso ot tho auditor abated all uneasiness in the ??in?s of itbe fair wo men and brave men, and the. crowd lis tened with eagerness io tho plea of tho Sreat natural orator for more than two ours. Few such speeches have ever been made. It was enough *vithiu him self to have immortalized him. It was a grand plea for peace, harmony, home and country. Subsequent history has fully verified his brave wordsir}j:iWhen he said : "I am. done. God bles* K?ln tucky! God bless our whole land I" :a wild burst bf applause waa heard ? fruin 'that great mixed crowd of Union'men and secessionist*. Andrew'Johnson;en tered that ball a stranger and loft ii a hero.-T. T. Crittenden, of Warrcnsbury, Mo. ' A QUESTION OF HONOR.-Tbe Wash ington (D. C.) Star published on the 29th ult. a card from Col. Wm. M. Lowe, representativo from Alabama, contain ing copies of threo letters written by bim that week to Senator Logan asking an explanation of the letters communicated to the Washington Republican of Mon day, 21st ult. In that communication Geu. Z. ;-u said that certain* statements allegedlo have been made by Col. Lowe with regard, to Logan's raising .t'oops in Illinois for $e Confederate ser 'vlce were "falso ahd'sldnderdus." Col. Lowe'substantinlly repeated what a cor respondent of tho Pittsburg Post under stood him to say on thu subject, und then asked Gen. Logan whether tho words "falso and slanderous*' were meant to refer to him. Failings he says, to elicit a reply to his fina two letters he wrote him yes terday as follows: ."I have twice ad dressed you a noto calling your attention to this language, you l^avo failed and re fused to answer either of theih, and you thereby force'me tb the last alternative. I iliv.viuiu wuiauu ilia? jruU insinc sumo time and place out of this district where another communication will' presently reach you. My friend ' Chas. Tel ham, Esq., is authorized to act'for nie in the premises." Col. Lowe concludes bis card as follows : "Thus ended tins one-sided correspon dence, which explains Itself. It needs little or no comment from hie. I will not brand John A. Logan ns a liar, for he is a senator cf tho U?iHcd Sta fot*. I will not post him ns a scoundrel and jioltroon for that would be in violation of the lo cal statutes, but I do publish him as one who knows bow to insult, but not Low to satisfy a gentleman, and I invoke upon him tho judgment of tho honornblo mon of tho community." How TO SMOKE A PIPE^TO those who aro attached to tho pipe, it may bo a matter of interest to know how their last V>uff dr draught may bo as fresh aa tho first, i It is well known that amokln? in th? usual manner, tbe. last portioo oi tho tobacco becomes damp, from <the ?ircsonco of ?il or nicotine drawn \fom tie heated tobacco above, which causes a sickening and nauseating' effect, bitter to taste, and unpleasant and unhealthy as compared with tho finn) half of a well filled Pipe- A contemporary has found tho following to' be effectuai Sn giving lt {oed, fresh smoke from flfai to last, .lac? *smadl:ct??-;?; -.f tobscco in tho bottom of the bowl,- Ji^lsi *??.. ?md whan well afire, fill tho pipe, and before cum draughi, glvo a light puff outward .UAWigh- tho ?tem, which causes thew* bocco to bum upward, all below being consumed., ?This is. a aonaibla way ? smoking tho tiiiic-hoiii/Tcd pipe,