Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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BY E. B. MURRAY & CO. ANDERSON, S. C, THURSDAY, MARCH 13, 1879. ?< r/r* OP SUBSCRIPTION.?One Dollar and Firrr Gests per annum, In advance. Two Dollars at end of year. Ssvestv-Ftve Cents for six months. Subscriptions aro not taken for a less period than six months. RATES OF ADVERTISING.?Ott Dollar pof square ol one inch for tho first insert on,and Fifty Cents per squaxoforsubsequentinsertionslessthan three months. No advertisement!, counte less than a square. Liberal contracts w 111 bo made with those wishing to advertise for thfoe, six or twelve mouths. Ad? vertising by contract must be confined to the lm mo.liate bush. :ssof the firm orlndividual contrac? ting. Obituary Kotice? exceeding fire tines, Tributes of Respect, and all personal commtnicattons or matters of individual interest, will be charged for at advertising rates. Announcements of marriages And deaths, and notices of a religious character, arc o.poetfullv solicited, and will be inserted gratia O?R FLORIDA CORRESPONDENCE. Prora Anderson to Florida Through tho Country?Floats arcs and Annoyances In? cident to the Trip. Alafia, Fla., Februar/, 1879. Editor Anderson Intelligencer: My last letter left me at Mr. O'Quinn's, in Columbia County, and on the morning of 7th of March, bright and early, we push on in direction of New ? nans vi lie, which place we expect to pass during the day. Upon this day's travel we cross the Santa Fee River upon a nat? ural bridge, about eight or ten miles be? fore reaching Newnansyille, which would have given us astonishment and wonder for the whereabouts of the river along whose side we ride for some distance] when suddenly it disappears and we see it no more, but we had been apprised of thi3 phenomenon at Mr. O'Quinns', who informed us that this somewhat remark? able disappearance continues for several miles, reappearing as suddenly as it bad vanished. Somewhere in this neighborhood there is said to be a remarkable cave, the en? trance to which, Mr. O'Quinu says, is near the road we pass. The entrance is only large enough for a man to crawl into, but, once in, tho cave expands, and oue can easily stand erect, the walls be? ing much higher than a man's head, and furnishing other entrances to different apartments. Though it has been fre? quently entered, Mr. O'Quinu says it has never been fully explored. We did not visit it, having no guide and not know? ing its exact locality, though we saw a hole that we supposed to be its entrance. The little town of Newnansville pre? sents no remarkable features except for dnilness, as indeed do all the little vil? lages through which we pass. Archer Station, in Alachua, comes next en route, and except for being made famous for its election frauds and as the place where Dennis figured in the giant fraud of the nineteenth century?the foistering of Hayes as President over a people who did not call him?would never have been heard of by your read? ers. Even here, though, we refrain for some of its people's sake, for there "be one who comes out and gives us a friendly greeting, intuitively feeling, as he said, that we were Carolinians and from old Anderson. This was Mr. Holland, for? merly of Anderson, who had many in? quiries to make of her and her people, cordially and pressingly inviting us to . go by his fathers' and "spend a day or two," assuring as of the pleasure- the family would have in welcoming us and hearing from taeir old home. It is some miles off of cur direct route, however, and anxious to reach our destination, we express our regrets and push on for the goal. This night we all pass in the wagons, as the country is becoming more thinly settled, and, except some negro cabins, when night overtakes us there are no bouses for miles ahead. Fatigue is a good harbinger of sleep, and we arc soon lost in ''sweet forgetfolness," and awake in the morning measurably re? freshed. To-night, (Saturday) March 9th, we stop with Mr. Tom Barco, in Marion County. With this pleasant family we remain over Sabbath until Monday morning, when, bright with an? ticipations of a home nearly reached, we move forward, "avoiding Spooners'" by advice of a valued friend left behind, and stop Monday night, March 11th, with Mr. Green Thomas, on the Charle Apopka Lake, in Hernando County. Mr. Thomas is a poor man, with meagre accommodations, but, learning that we are acquaintances and friends of Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Crayton, of your town, gi ves us a kind and cordial welcome to what he has, and we are gratified at being able to contribute somewhat to the pleasure and enjoyment of the old lady, his wife, whom we find bewailing her sad fate of being without coffee, and "living away off out of the world, where, if a body has a little money, they ain't got no where to go to spend it." Mr. Editor, it almost made me fee! like crying Hallelujah to think of being where one had no use for money. Charle Apopka Lake is about twenty-five miles long and from one to five miles wide, and Mr. Tboma3 says abounds in fish of various kinds. The boys and I would have gone out on it for a moonlight ride and fish, but the first heavy rafn we experienced since we left home (Anderson) came up just as we reached Mr. Thomas', and continued uu abatedfliTT night The nest morning the rain is still falling lightly, but the clouds are loweriug, and gives warning of heavier rain during the day ; however, we have counted on reachiug Mr. C. Q. Nevitt's to-day, and will try it, as our wagons are well covered and dry, and we have no streams of consequence to cross. Reaching Mr. Nevitt's, we find bis good lady looking for us, having been apprised of our coming by our friends Mr. and Mrs. Sam. Crayton, of Anderson. (Mr*. Crayton is Mr. Nevitt's daughter by a former wife.) He is in the cedar swamp getting out cedar for a Northern com? pany, but the welcome given us by Mm. N. is warm and cordial, though wo are strangers to her, and right highly do 'we appreciate] it, feeling grateful to our friends behind, though believing it to bo innate in the lady. We will stop here two or three days, which will give rest to cuV mules' bruised and sore shoulders, which render them almost past traveling. (And here I would advice any one trav? eling a long distance to ?so bark or shuck collars for their horses, as they ore ' much less apt to bruise and gnll the ani? mal's shoulder.) Expecting when I left Carolina to find Florida entirely a flat and level country, I was surprised to lind llcronndo County undulating and hilly. On one of these hills, in a very pretty cottage, lives Mr. C. Q. Nevitt, once- of Anderson, and who moved from South Carolina in 1858 to Florida. Mr. N. has never regretted his move. Coining here with limited means, ho has now a competency, and contends that any man who has tho will can come to Florida and, without working half of; his time, make a good living. (I am sat-. isfied that one can make a living here, | but I think Mr. N. a little enthusiastic.) j Heruando is one of tho best farming! counties in the State, and the Anutkillaga Hammock, which is very near to Mr. N., and extends as far down as Brooksvillo and for many miles above, comprising several thousand acres, contains as fine land as I evor saw, and, from its growth and the appearance of the soil, capable of producing anything and in abundance. Some of this laud still belongs to the State. Some of it has been appropriated for school purposes, aud is known as "school lands," and much of it has been entered and takeu up by private indi? viduals. En passant I mentioned that Mr. Nev itt was in the cedar swamp when I reached his house. This has been, and is still, (though cedar is getting scarce now) a very profitable business in Flor? ida, it being worth from fifty to sixty-five cents per foot. Mr. N. tells me be had cleared as high as eighteen hundred dol? lars in gold in three months, this over and [above proper deductions for hire, board, &c., of his hands. Most of the cedar lands, however, have been entered by Northern cedar companies and pri? vate individuals, who were fortunate enough to come first and see wherein lay the quickest source of profit. One of the attractive features to us about Mr. N's. place was the bearing orango trees, on some of which still hung the beautiful golden fruit, a basket full of which being gathered were placed be? fore us and heartily enjoyed. In addi? tion to the twenty-five or thirty bearing trees, he has a promising young grove coming on; to us this was novel and beautiful,- but eclipsed by the grove of Mr. Anderson Mays, who lives about one mile from N. Mr. Mays is also a South Carolinian, having removed to Florida some twenty-five years ago. Having oc? casion to visit his store for some articles we wore needing, and, learning we had never seen a bearing grove, he had us conducted to his house for his son-in-law to show us his grove. This consisted of about one hundred and twenty-five bear? ing trees, and a younger grove of six or seven hundred. The bearing trees were all in full bloom. Several - grape fruit trees were interspersed in the grove, hanging with fine beautiful fruit, and the whole air was scented with delicious perfume. No wonder the mocking bird, the delightful warbler of the South, siugs with a sweeter, clearer note in this his favorite tree, when surrouuded by so much that is lovely and inspiring. Mr. Mays sold last season one hundred thou? sand oranges from his trees at one cent and a quarter each, making a net income of twelve hundred and fifty dollars, which amount will soon be quadrupled. But there is so much to write of here that It is impossible for me to take a note of all. Mr. Nevitt has come in from tho swamps, aud proposes to-day a ride out to "Spring Hill," the residence of Hon. Howell Lykes, Senator from Hernando County. This is a kinsman of our friend Mr. W. J. Ligon, of Anderson, who men? tioned him to me and asked me to inquire for him, so I have consented to go. We find a very pretty place, but no Mr. Lykes, a3 he is away from home. So can only say for information of our friend, that he lives about eight miles from Brooksville; was then Senator, and has been re-elected from Hcrnandc. He married a Miss McKay, of Tampa, and is a man of some prominence in his County. His father, Mr. Fred. Lykes, is dead. Monday morning, March ISth, we say I fareweH to these kind friends in Her? nando, and move off in direction of Tampa and our new home, which we safely reach on the evening of the 20th of March, 1878?just five weeks from tho day we left Anderson C. H. In my next letter, Mr. Editor, I will endeavor to fulfill my promise made to several of your readers, to give them some description of this County and State, having deferred it this long that I might be enabled to do so fairly and impar? tially. G. H. S. Too Hot for Him.?During the Con? federate war one Jim was attached to Rosser's cavalry, in Stewart's command. Jim was noted for his strong antipathy to shot and shell, and a peculiar way he had of avoiding too close communica? tion with the same; but at last all his plans failed to keep him outof this" row," and he, with his conpanions, was detail? ed to support a battery that composed a portion of the rear guard. The enemy kept pressing so close, in fact, as to en? danger the retreating forces, and the troops covering the retreat had orders to keep the enemy in check for a givcu period at all hazards. Jim grew desper? ate under the galling fire. He placed himself in every position that his geni ous could invent but the "hiss" of the bullet haunted him still. At last iu despair, he called to the commanding officer, "Lieutenant, let's fall back!" "I cannotjdo it, Jim !" shouted the officer. "Well, I'll be drafted if we don't get cleaned if we stay here I" "My orders, Jim, are to hold this place and support that battery of guns"?pointing to the artillery close by. "If we full back, the enemy will rush in and capture the guns." Just at that instant a well di? rected bullet impressed Jim with the fact that a change of base was necessary. Jim found another apparently protected spot, and as soon as he had recovered bis mind, he sang out, "Oh, Lieutenant what do you think them cannon cost?" "I don't know, Jim; I suppose one thou? sand dollars." "Well," said Jim, "let's ?tarta collection and pay for the darned guns, and let the Yankees have 'em 1" Clergymen and Public Speakers. j ?There is no doubt that clergymen and orators, while speaking, would derive great benefit from perfuming their hand ! kerchiefs with Dr. Price's Floral Riehe-', I as its fragrance excites the mind to vigor I ous action and is gratefully refreshing, j For fre*h, flowery odor, on other cologne ; or toilet water cqua's it. ? There arc pending in the courts of Memphis 120 divorce suits. CALHOUNISM. A Splendid Articlo from Trof. J. L. M. Curry, IX. D.. of Kicluuoiul. From the Religious Herald. The editorial colloquy betwixt the Religious Herald and the Examiner and Chronicle, in reference to the use of Cal houn on Government, as a text-book in the Univorsity of Georgia, has led to a discussiou on "Calhounism," and the latter paper, with praiseworthy fairness, has opened its columns to both sides. "Calhounism," as a defined theory of government, is not a3 precise and speciOc as is desired for a question for logical or historical debate. It is easy to put up a man of straw and knock him down ; and hence, in the attempted overthrow of "Calhounism," there have been many positions which no one controverts, and others which no one defends. Mr. Cal houn was pre-eminently the defender of the Federal theory of our government as contradistinguished from Centralism or Consolidation, and if that be what is meant by "Calhounism," there are many who are not willing to let judgment go by default. The matter is of the gravest import, stretching beyond local or party interests. Some things will probably be conceded by the Examiner and its allies. Prior to the foimation of the present government, the States then existing were sovereign and independent communities. The Colonies were separate, had no common legislature, no common judiciary, .no common army. They had no direct po? litical connection with one another. By the Declaration of Independence they threw off allegiance to Great Britain, and each became, as afterwards by treaty of peace recognized, a free and independent btate. The Articles of Confederation, which preceded our present government, declare that each State retains "its sov? ereignty, freedom and independence." The Convention of 1787, which made the Constitution, was composed of delegates appointed by the States, and the Consti? tution was submitted to each State for its separate ratification. In point of fact, each State adopted, ratified and con? firmed the Constitution, thus binding its own citizens. No one has ever hinted that the action of one State had any binding authority on any citizens other than its own, or controlled, in any meas? ure, except morally, the decision of the other States. No power, or pretence of power, existed, or was claimed, to compel the States origir to enter the govern? ment. The Gene Government was the work of the people of the several States, acting in their separate, sovereign char? acter, as distinct political communities. So far from the Constitution proceeding, or deriving vitality or existeuce, from the people of the United States as a unit, no auch political body over existed, or ever can perform a single political act, without a radical change of our whole system. As the result of the ratification of the Constitution by the States, each acting for itself, the Union, or the present Gen? eral Government, came into existence. This Government was not the primary social or political relation of those who made it. It is the creature of the States which antedated it and gave it being. Tho States, as parties, "each agreeing with each and all the rest," constituted or ordained a government, and entrusted that government with limited powers for specified objects. The Government thus created has no original powers, none by virtue of the fact that it is a government. Its powers are all derivative, and the Constitution contains the measure and limit of its delegated powers. So much Eower was delegated as was thought to be eneficial and necessary for tho public and common good to be exercised by a common government. The powers not delegated are, from great caution, in ex? press terms, reservea?reserved not only as against the General Government as a whole, but against each department of that government and against the co States, the high contracting parties to this "solemn league and covenant." So jealous were our lathers of their liberties, the granted powers were carefully enu? merated, and the exercise of any power outside the grants or limitations is a usurpation and a nullity. Mr. Calhoun said, and none will gainsay, "The boun? dary between the reserved and the dele? gated powers marks the limits of the Union. The States are united to tho ex? tent of the latter, and separated beyond that limit." "A State is, at all times, so long as its proper position is maintained, both in and out of the Union;?in, for all constitutional purposes,?and out, for all others;?in, to the extent of the delega? ted powers, and out, to that of the re? served." (See opinion of Waite, C. J. in Cruikshank's Case, 92 U. S. Reports.) To preserve the equilibrium betwixt the reserved and delegated powers, to main? tain the distribution as at first agreed on, is the most perplexing problem of our political system. When a bill is introduced into either House o"f Cougrcss, the question which confronts at the threshold is: Is it con? stitutional ? is it within the constitutional competency of the Federal legislature? is it covered by the granted or necessarily implied powers? If these questions are answered in the negative, then no argu? ments of expediency or necessity can legitimately be adduced in favor of the measure. Said the Supreme Court in 1S70, in the case of the Collector vs. Day: "The Government of the United States can claim no powers which are not granted to it by the Constitution, and the powers actually granted must be such as are expressly given, orgiveu by necessary implication." Thus far there is little difference of opinion among constitutional lawyers or well-educated statesmen. The question which has divided statesmen and writers on constitutional law, is as to the extent of the delegated powers, as to the judge in the last resort/and as to political her mcneutics, or the principles of interpre? tation and construction. In the case of the exercise of doubtful or clearly un? wanted powers, who is to decide finally? Neither Mr. Calhoun nor any States Bights mau ever denied the supremacy of the Fcderul Goverument, within its constitutional sphere, and the duty of the citizen, in sueh a case, to render proper respect and obedience. They held that the State, to which primary allegiance was due, in ratifying the Con? stitution, had so pledged the obedience of its citizens. To charge Mr. C. with a contrary opiuion is the result of ignor? ance or prejudice. The question recurs, What is the constitutional sphere of the General Government, and who is the ultimate arbiter ? Where limitations are imposed, who is to preserve the limita? tions? That the States, in making and ratify? ing the Constitution, surrendered the excrciso of large sovereign powers, or imposed restrictions on the exercise of those powers, no one has ever denied. But did the State, in parting with the exercise of certain sovereign powers, sur? render its sovereignty ? Can sovereignty be in abeyance? Is it divisible? That the Slates retained the large mass of re? siduary powers, they did the supereroga? tory work of aflirming in the Constitu? tion. That these powers are greater and more important in number and extent i aud value thau those granted to the Gov ernmcnt at Washington, socms liarilly open to debate. Valuable as is the Union, the State governments are infin? itely more valuable. States-Rights men, long in advance of Mr. Calhoun, held that in a controversy, as to the cession of powers in the Con? stitution, the States, the creators of the Government, were the final judge M against the creature, the Government, or any of its departments. They contended that the State, as related to itself, so far as its own citizens were concerned, was the judge of its own obligations, and being the authority which imposed the obligations, must determine their extent, and that this declaration was obligatory on the citizen?. Each State had the right to interpret the Constitution finally for itself and its citizens, unless the right had been waived. If waived, it ought to bo easy to point out and cite the clause in the Constitution containing the waiver. If it be conceded that the undelcgated powers are in the hands of the States, or the people thereof, then to deny the right of deciding on infractions or usurpations of those powers, and the proper remedy to be applied for correction, would reduce the States to mere dependencies. The "Federalisls," orConsolidationists, have held the opposite theory. They as? sert that the Government is a nation, that the States delegated to Congress or the Judiciary the final and exclusive right to determine on extent of delegated and reserved powers, and that there is no rightful remedy but rebellion or revolu? tion?the right being contingent on suc? cess?against the unconstitutional acts of the General Government. It is grossest injustice to charge Mr. Calhoun or his adherents with hostility, at any time, to a constitutional Union. They claimed that checks, capable of being enforced, were necessary to the protection of rights and security of lib? erty, and that the general recognition of the principle of State interposition would insure such moderation and justice in government as to supersede the necessity of a resort to such an extreme alterna? tive. Rights, committed to the discre? tion or sense of justice of an interested majority, are practically no rights.? Power can oidy be restrained by power. To make the General Government the exclusive judge, to allow a majority, un? controlled by any check but their selfish will, to alter by force of construction the Constitution, is to consolidate and cen? tralize the Government and render the Constitution a rope of sand. They held that State interposition, instead of being anarchical and revolutionary, would, by the nature of the right, be resorted to only in extremest cases and thus be con? servative and preservative. To strip the States of all remedies except petition and remonstrance, would reduce them to mere counties, and make the unrestrained will of a majority in Congress, or the decision of a department of the Government, the supreme law. "It is idle, worse than idle," said the great Carolinian, and the words should be written in letters of gold in Senate Chamber and Hall of the Rep? resentatives, "to attempt to distinguish, practically, between a Government of unlimitcd powers, and one professedly of limited, but with an unlimited right to determine the extent of its powers." How far has this question, as to the character of our Government, or system of governments, been determined by the war and its results ? Obviously, the ap? peal is to the Constitution ; and that re? mains what it was before the war, plus the amendments since added. Do these amendments change the character of the Federal Government and settle this vcxata quozstio of confederated Slates, or a consolidated Union ? Let it be borne in mind that precedents do not make constitutions, and that "a constitution violated is not a constitution abolished." The amendments have this extent and no more. They abolish slavery; they confer citizenship on the negro race; they define citizenship; they declare and recognize a citizenship of the United States and a citizenship of a State dis? tinct from each other and dependent upon different characteristics or circum? stances in the person; they declare the validity of the public debt, and the in? validity of all debts incurred "in aid of the rcbelliou ;" and they prohibit any denial or abridgment of sufirage on ac? count of race, color or previous condition of servitude. Any lawyer may be safely challenged to specify any material change in the Constitution beyond the points in? dicated. There is not a word in these amend? ments decisive of the question at issue. All the Southern Slates, I believe, ex? cept Kentucky, .have inserted in their State Constitutions a surrender of the right of secession. The oilier States have been careful not thus to abridge their sovereignty. It is, despite the absence of constitutional inhibition, cheerfully conceded that, as a result of the war, no one now claims secession as a State reme? dy for a violated compact. The ultima ratio regum has given a quietus tOkihia "Virginia abstractiou." Let me, how? ever, press the inquiry, whether, except in the points just indicated, the Constitu? tion and our form of Government do not remain in statu quo ante bellum? Has any vital principle of the Federal system, State interposition excepted, been abro? gated? Is it not still true that "the States are as necessary to the Union as the Union to the Stales;" that the whole charge of internal regulations is left to the States; that to the States and the people thereof all powers not delegated are reserved ; that few of the provisions of the Constitution can be carried into eirect without the existence and co-oper tion of the States; and that to guard against the unequal actiou of laws, to protect tho rights and interests of minor? ities, and to give virtue, prosperity and perpetuity to our Republic, the division and reservations, should be most scrupu? lously maintained. It is a travesty on State Rights to make them consist solely or mainly of secession. A strict construction of the Constitution, confinement of the Government to its clearly-defined and legitimate duties, re? sponsibility of Federal officers, protec? tion of private properly against arbitrary and discriminating legislation, economy and retrenchment, were of the essence of the old Stales-Rights party. As to the use of Mr. Calhoun's work on Government as a text-book in colle? ges, that is a matter of professional taste or expediency. Few teachers use books which command their entire approval. Mr. Calhoun's volume on Government was written and published prior to the war. It consists of a Disquisition on Government and a Treatise on the Con? stitution of the United States. The former is a profound and most masterly essay, unsurpassed by tiny work of like character in ancient or modern times. It is the condensed result of the study and thinking of the most acute and logical intellect of ten centuries. The hitler, while advocating the right of Slate-veto or interposition, treats that only as an incident of our federative system. The exposition of the instrument, in other respects, has the characteristics of Mr. Calhoun's most marvellous mind?lucid? ity, condensation, logic, clear analysis, broad generalization. The student of the scieuco of government or of Ameri? can politics, whose prejudice prevents his of thorough study of this work, foolishly shuts himself ciff from communion with a mind which of itself would immortalize any country. SAVANNAH RIVER. Letter from tho Secretary of AVur, Trans? mitting n Report upon nu Examination of tho Saviinuuh River Abovo Augusta. War Department, Washington City, Feb. 15, IS79. The Secretary of War has the honor to submit to the House of Representa? tives a letter of the Chier of Engineers of the 14th inst., submitting a copy of re? port of Lieutenant Col. Q. A. Gillmore, Corps of Engineers, upon an examination of the Savannah River above Augusta, Ga., made in compliance with .section 2 of the river and harbor act of June 18th, 187S. George W. McCrary, Secretary of War. The Speaker of the House of Represen? tatives. U. S. Engineers Office, Savannah, Ga., Feb. 8, lbm. General?I have the honor to report that the "examination of Savoaonah River above Augusta, Ga.," provided lot by the act of Congress, approved June 18th, 1878, and assigned to me by the in? structions of the Chief of Engineers, dated July 8th, 187S, lias been com? pleted. The examination was made with a view to ascertaining the present |condi tion of the river from Augusta to the head of pole-boat navigation, a distance by river of about 154 miles, the practica? bility of improving it for craft proper to those localities, the approximate cost of such improvements, and the expediency of making them, in regard to the impor? tance, present and prospective, of the commercial interests involved. The head of the Savannah River proper is the junction of the Tugaloo and Seneca Rivers, 107i miles above Augusta. These rivers combined form the Savannah. From the point of junc? tion to the head of pole-boa* navigation near Tallulah Falls, 154 miles above Augusta, the Tugaloo forms the naviga? ble oranch of the Savannah River. The examination was intrusted to Mr. J. P. Carsou, assistaut engineer. The field work was commenced on No? vember 9th, 1878, and completed Decem? ber 17th. Dir. Carson secured the ser? vices of an experienced pilot, with a crew of four men, and used one of the pole boats employed in the trade of the river, and well adapted to pass the rapids. The examination was made during an exceptionally low stage of the river, favorable for observing the rocks and other obstructions to the fullest possible extent. The obstacles to navigation on the route explored were found to be nume? rous, extensive and not unfrequently quite dangerous. They consist chiefly of rocky ledges running across the chan? nels, isolated bowlders of various size3, and shoals of gravel. The aggregate length of shoals is nearly 35 miles out of a length of river of 154 miles. The river is subject to considerable freshets. The average rise on such occa? sions is about 1G feet, but it has reached much greater heights. At Petersburg, in 1S52, the river rose 44 feet above the common stage within 43 hours, and 38 feet within 3? hours in 1S75. In the lat? ter year the streets of Augusta were 4 feet under water, although they are 35 feet above the river at ordinary stage. These great differences of water level show the practical impossibility of im? proving the river by locks, dams and side-cuts for canals. The height of a number of points on the river above the city of Augusta, which is 148 feet above the sea, was as? certained by baromertic observations. An aneroid was employed for this pur? pose, using the corresponding records of the signal office at Augusta to compute differences of altitude. The observations were corrected for instrumental error, reduced to 32 degrees Fabr., and com? puted by Col. II. S. Williamson's tables. The head of pole-boat navigation was thus determined to be about 374 feet above Augusta. At Andersonville, S. 0.| 1071 miles above Augusta, the river was 270" feet above the water level of the latter place. The greatest local fall of any of the reaches of the river was ob? served at Hatton Shoal, 110 miles above Augusta, amounting to 39 feet in 1A miles. At Gregg's Shoal, 85 miles abovo Augusta, it was 29 feet in one mile, and at Cherokee Shoal, 9 feet in half a mile. To what degree of accuracy these slopes were ascertained with the means available for the purpose, it is impossible to say. It is believed that they cannot be safely relied upon in preparing a pro? ject of improvement, and that a careful instrumental survey of some parts of the line will be necessary. The country on both sides of the river from Augusta to Knox's Bridge, a dis? tance of 124 miles, is devoted to the pro? duction of tobacco, grain, and indigo, as well as to vine and silk culture. The country adjoiuing both banks of the upper 30 miles above Knox's Bridge is generally used for raising corn. It is well timbered. Gold mining is carried on to some extent, and there are also, in places, extensive beds of pood iron ore, with abundance of fuel and limestone. The area of the cotton land, estimated to depend to some extent on the river for the transportation of its products and needed supplies, is about 1,U00 square miles, with a population of S2.0?O, ac? cording to the census of 1870. The total annual production of cotton in these dis? tricts is estimated at 70,000 bales. In 187U and 1S77, the freight of Au? gusta up stream averaged from 2,000 to 2,500 tons per annum ; from the head of navigation down to Augusta about 12,000 bales of cotton. The average annual re? ceipts of cotton from all sources at Au? gusta is stated to be 180,000 bales. The amount of cotton shipped on the route examined forms, therefore, only a rather small proportion of the whole. There can be little doubt that an im? provement of the river would aid the further development of its trade. There is an abundance of water, which, if prop? erly regulated, would deprive navigation of moat of its present inconveniences, dangers and delays, allow the introduc? tion, upon the lower portion of the route at least, of vessels propelled by steam, and thus greatly cheapen the cost of transportation. Two estimates arc submitted by Mr. Carson, as follows: The estimate is for opening a channel for pole-boat navigation, 3 feet deep and 30 feet wide, from Augusta to Anderson? ville, at the mouth of the Tugaloo, 107A miles, and from Andersonville up the Tugaloo River 43; miles to Brown's, a total distance by river from Augusta of 150J miles. The estimated cost of the improve? ment for the entire distance is.8173,010 Add 1U percent, for contingent ex? penses. 17,301 Total.$l!io,!>77 The second estimate is for ;t steam? boat channel, 2 feet ilcen and !hj feet wide, Augusta to Trotter's .Shoal, a distance offti miles.$ Sl',910 l\<le-boat navigation us before from Trotter's Shoal on the Savannah to Guest's Shoal on Tugaloo, 50J miles. 120,977 Steamboat navigation <>n the Tuga? loo from Quest's Shoal to Brown's, 301 miles. 43,288 $230,173 Add 10 per cent, for contingent ex? penses. 2t,ni" Total.$285,000 These estimates can be regarded at best as only rough approximations to the probable cost of the work. The error will doubtless be found in having put them too low rather than too high, as they arc based upon the supposition that rock can be excavated from the bed of the stream for $2.50 per cubic yard, sand and gravel for 25 cents per cubic yard, and that the riprap dams can be built for $1.25 to $1.50 per cubic yard?prices derived from the present exceptionally low cost of all grades of labor. In addi? tion to this there are considerable errors in quantities, which always accompany estimates based upon rapid and partial examinations of this kind. Before a project for the improvement of the Upper Savannah River can be in? telligently prepared, more detailed in? formation must be collected from trust? worthy sources, private and corporate, interested directly or indirectly in raising and transporting the productions of that portion ot the country naturally tributary to the contemplated route; and a careful instrumental survey of a large part of the stream, more especially above Trot? ter's Shoal, will be required. Below Trotter's Shoal, the slope of the stream is comparatively gentle, and a suitablo and appropriate method of im? provement more simple and apparent. Any appropriation which may be made should, in my judgment, be expended upon this portion of the river, until a thorough examination from Trotter's Shoal to Andcrsonville, and perhaps as far as Brown's on the Tugaloo, can be made. The ledges of rock in particular have to be removed, and ought to be sur? veyed with considerable minuteness of detail. It will also be necessary to ascertain the slope of the stream with precision at numerous places. The following estimates are submit? ted : Cost of improvement for pole-boat channel 3 feet by SO feet, from Au? gusta to Trotter's Shoal, 04 miles.. $15,000 Cost of steamboat channel 3 feet by DO feet over the same route.$124,000 Mr. Carson's detailed roport, which seems to need some revision, will be for? warded hereafter. The cost of the ex? amination has been $?70. Very respectfully, your obedient ser? vant, Q. A. GlfiLMORE, Lieut. Col. Engineers, Brev. Maj. Gen. Brig. Gen. A. A. Humphries, Chief of Engineers, U. S. A. The report was referred Feb. 15th, 1S70, to the Committee on Commerce, and ordered to be printed. Gordon and Barlow at Gettysburg;. You may not be aware that it was Gen? eral Gordon's command which struck the flank of the Eleventh Corps on the afternoon of the first day at Gettys? burg and after a short but desperate con? flict broke its line and swept it from the field. Iu that fight General Barlow, of New York, commander of the First Hi vision, fell dangerously and it was thought mortally wounded. He was shot directly through the body. Two of his men attempted to bear him through that shower of lead from the field, but one was iustautly killed, and General Barlow magnanimously said to the other, "You can do me no good ; save yourself if you can." Gordon's Brigade of Georgians in this wild charge swept over him, and he was fuund by General.Gordon himself, lying with upturned face in the July sun, nearly paralyzed and apparently dying. General Gordon dismounted i'rom his horse, gave him a drink of water from his canteen, and inquired of Barlow his name and wishes. General Barlow said: "I shall probably live but a short time. Please take from my breast pocket the packet of my wife's letters and read one of them to me;" which was done. He then asked that the others be torn up, as he did not wish them to fall into other hands. This General Gordon did, and then a?ked : "Can I do anything else for you, General?" "Yes," replied Genend Bar? low, earnestly; "my wife is behind our army ; can you send v. message through the lines?" "Certainly I will," said Gordon, and he did. Then directing General Barlow to be borne*to the shade of a tree at the rear, he rode on with his 'command. The wife received the mess? age and came harmlessly through both linen of battle and found her husband, who eventually recovered. Since General Gordon's election to the U. S. Senate both he and General Bar? low were invited to a dinner party in Washington and occupied opposite seats at the table. After introductions Gener? al Gordon said, "General Barlow, arc you related to the olncer of your name who was killed at Gettysburg?'' "I em the man," said Barlow; "are you related to the Gordon who is supposed to have killed ine?" "I am the man," said General Gordon. The hearty greeting which fol? lowed the touching story as related to the interested guests by General Barlow and the thrilling effect upon the compa? ny can better.be imagined than describ? ed.? Washington Correspondence ISoston Transcript, February 17. One of the old Mnslcrs. Yesterday we looked upon a picture? a scene from the hand of one of the old? est and most accomplished of "the old masters." Like the works of Raphael and Angelo, his works all have a point of resemblance, or "mannerism," in tech? nical language. They are figure pieces? Icings, philosophers, poets, peasants, pau? pers?every phase of human life has oc? cupied the genius of his pencil. Palaces and hovels alike have formed the back? ground for his wonderful portrayals. "The "lying mother," leaving as a lega? cy to her loved ones her new born babe, is one of his most pathetic "pieces." ! The name of ibis artist is Disease. I Scarcely a home in all this land that has j not, one of his pictures hanging in some I of its rooms, invisible to the stranger, ' perhaps, but to its inmates as distinct as if painted but yesterday. He has a dreaded assistant to whom he often con? fides the "finishing" of his pictures? Death. If you would prevent Disease from placing one of his fatal "shadow pictures" in your home, you must take the requisite precautions to prevent his entrance. At the first signs of his ap? proach,?general debility, sleeplessness or habitual drowsiness, loss of appetite, impaired appetite, constipation, unusual pallor, cough, night sweats, headache, or I nausea,?measures for relief should be promptly taken. The system should be cleansed and strengthened by Dr. Pierce'u Golden Medical Discovery aud Pleasant Purgative Pellets, which arc acknowl? edged to be the best alterative, or blood cleansing, and cathartic remedies ever before the public. Besides, they regu? late the whole system d impart to it a | healthful, vigorous tone. THEJLAST HOURS OF CONGRESS. Inclilentri of the Close of the Session. Washington, March 4. House.?Hewitt reported that the con? ference committee on the array bill had not been able to agree. After long dis? cussion a vote was taken on the motion that the House insists on its disagree? ments, and it was agreed to. The Steward impeachment case, at 3 a. m., was again taken up. After brief discussion, in which some stormy pass? ages occurred, the House reconsidered the vote ordering the previous question, and this got rid of the subject. At a quarter past 7 the House took a recess until 9. Notwithstanding the partisan feeling which prevaded both sides of the House in the various matters that came up du? ring the night session, there was a re? markable absence of personal animosity on the part of members towards their po? litical opponents. Conger, of Michigan, was the most active and irritating of antagonists, against whose attacks tho Democrats were at all times called upon to defend themselves. But ho and Sprin? ger, of Illinois, whom he seemed special? ly intent on annoying, were, whenever they met in the aisles, or when they acted as tellers together, in as amicable and pleasant a mood as if no stinging sarcasms^ver passed between them. It was the same with Atkins and Foster, with Southard and Garfield, and with all other mutually hostile elements. On one occasion that Springer tried to get in 8ome remarks out of order, Butler, of Massachusetts, planted himself squarely in front of him and discharged a volley of "I objects," each louder and more emphatic than the one before, and he kept at it until he carried his point, and, oa he walked over to his desk again, he gave as a reason for his demonstration that he was not going to listen to abuse of a friend of his. There was less of tu? mult and uproar than at almost any other last night of a Congress, and there was not the least sign of that hilarious ness which has sometimes characterized such night sessions. The attendance of the members all through the twenty-two hours of the sitting was quite large, and when a vote indicated the absence of a quorum it was generally because mem? bers refrained from voting. Some of tho oldest members, notably Butler, of Mass? achusetts, and Patterson and Towasend, of New York, were among those who showed the least signs of fatigue, and after a brief rece3s of an hour and three quarters, they were among the earliest in attendance. The Speaker was seldom out of the chair, and he steered the House through the sudden storm and through the rocks and quicksands of par? liamentary navigation with great skill, tact, moderation and impartiality. The house resumed the consideration of the bill known as the McGowan health bill, and it was passed. It provides for a commission of health to sit in Washington, to establish rules and regu? lations in regard to the public health, to obtain and communicate information ou the subject of epidemic diseases, and to report to the next Congress. The pension arrears appropriation bill was passed. At 11:10 a. m. Atkins reported that tho conference committee ou the legisla? tive bill were not able to agree, and mov? ed that the House adhere to its amend? ments, (which is a parliamentary finali? ty,) and the motion was agreed to. On motion of Garfield, n resolution of thanks to Speaker Randall for his prompt, efficient and impartial discharge of tho arduous duties of his office was unanimously adopted. Congress has just adjourned, after a very exciting scene and after the delivery of strong political speeches on both sides. The Speaker made a parting address, which was most enthusiastically ap? plauded. He spoke as follows: Representatives: In a moment this Congress will expire. Its acts, whether for weal or woe, are indelibly inscribed upon the pages of history. In this hall party has been arrayed against party and interest against interest in fierce and bit? ter struggle, but it is due to truth to say that ou every side there has been an honest ambition to win popularity by seeking each iu bis owu way and ac? cording to his best judgment the genoral welfare. Whether or not the desired end of public good has been successfully attained it is for time to prove; but that such has been the airxuof both sides can? not justly be disputed^ Genuine concord between all the States and the citizens thereof is the corner stone of our nation? al prosperity. What promotes or elevates one at the expense of the other inures to the ultimate injury of all. Although each Representative has championed tho wishes of his immediate constituency with earnestness and energy, yet during the whole period of the existence of this House there has not been a single breach of legislative decorum ; that noble res? pect born of geuerous rivalry in a com? mon good cauae has softened all asperities. I feel that mere words are inadequate to thauk fully this House for its resolution of approval of the-tnauner in which I have discbarged the duties of Speaker, always responsible and onerous and often most delicate and difficult. I have done my best. Long service here has taught me that hate or vengeance has never rais? ed any cause to enduring honor, while, ou the contrary, justice and mutual regard have often given the weaker side an easy victory. With two great parties dividing the people, each holding an important share in the government, with a strict accountability ou the part of public ser? vants and vigilant eyes watching all, with reviving business and restored con? fidence, may we not look hopefully to the early dawn of a new era of increased prosperity, a greater happiness for our country? Such is my fervent prayer. To each and every representative here I tender my heartfelt acknowledgment for the kindly forbearance extended to me as the presiding officer of this Houso, and I desire to say that I shall ever grate? fully cherish the honor of which I have been the recipient. With the expression of the wish that you all may returu safe? ly and in health to your homes, it only remains for me to declare that, iu accord? ance with the constitution of the United States, this House stands adjourned with? out day. Senate.?After an all night session, the Senate, at S o'clock, took a recess until 10. The Senate reassembled at 10 o'clock and was called to order by Secretary Gorham, who read a note from the Vice ['resident notifying the Senate that he would not occupy the chair again during the present sessiou iu order that the President pro Ian. might be elected. Anthony, of Rhode Island, submitted a resolution declaring Thomas W. Ferry, of Michigan, elected President pro (an. of the Senate. Mr. Bayard moved an amendment by substituting the name of Allen G. Tbur man, of Ohio, for that of Ferry, which was rejected by a vote of yeas 26, nays 2S. Ferry was then declared elected and was escorted to the chair by Thurman. A number of private bills were theu passed. Thg Senate bill was passed giving tho LEGAL ADVERTISING.?Vie are compelled Id require cash payments for advertising ordered by Executors, Administrators ami other fiduciaries and herewith append the rates for the ordinary notices, which will only be inserted when the money comes witli the order: Citations, two Insertions, .... S3.00 Estate Notices, three insertions, - - 2.01 Final Settlements, five insertions - - 3.00 TO CORRESPONDENTS.?In order to receive attention, communications must be accompanied by tbo true name and address of t!.c writer. Re? jected manuscripts will not be returned, unless the necessary stamps arc furnished to repay the postage thereon. Co- We are not responslhle for the views and opinions of our correspondents. All communications should be addressed ^"Ed? itors Intelligencer," and all checks, drafts, money orders, Ac, should be made pnvable to the order of E. 11. MURRAY A CO., Anderson, S. C. consent of the government to the agree? ment entered into by the States of Mary? land and Virginia respecting the bound? ary line between said States. The Senate bill was passed for the sale of lands in Florida not needed for naval purpo? ses. The Senate passed eighteen or twenty private bills, and between 11 and 12 o clock held an executive session for half an hour. When the doors were reopen? ed, Windom submitted a resolution con? tinuing tho appropriations for the army and for legislative, judicial executive ex? penses of the government for six months from July 1st so as to avoid the extra ses? sion of Congress. Saulsbury, of Dela? ware, objected to its present considera? tion, and it went over. At 12 o'clock, President pro (cm. Ferry said: "The time fixed for the final ad? journment of Congress having arrived, the Chair declares the 43th Congress ad? journed without day." There were no manifestations of ap? plause upon announcement of final ad? journment. The cloSiug hours of the session were characterized with even more confusion and disorder than usual. The Senate chamber was unusual? ly crowded, both upon the floor and in the galleries, and sometimes with eight or ten Senators addressing the Chair at the same time, it was with great difficulty that anything could be understood. The Senate just before adjournment confirmed the nomination ol Dennis Eagan to be Collector of Internal Reve nue for the District of Florida, and Paul Strobach to be postmaster at Mont? gomery. The following are among the nomina? tions which expired at noon to-day for waut of final action : George Holmes to be collector of customs at Beaufort, S. C; Jame3 Pollock, naval officer at Philadel? phia; David H. Strother, consul general at the City of Mexico ; David H. Bailey, consul general at Shanghai; James Ril-jy Weaver, consul general at Vienna; Henry Dithmar, consul at Breslau; John M. Wilson, consul at Panama; George Scoggs, consul at Hamburg; E. P. Tur? ner, United States Judge; A. B. Banning, United States Marshal, and Alexander White, United States attorney for the Northern District of Texas; Sherman Conant, United States Marshal for the Northern District of Florida; Samuel Lee to be postmaster at Surater, S. C. .? CORBIN'S LAST GRAB. 810,000 For Not Being United Statos Sen? ator. In the Senate on Saturday the com? mittee reported an amendment to pay D. T. Corbin, late contestant for a seat in the United States Seuate from the State of South Carolina, his expenses of such contest, $10,000. Mr. Hill. (Dem.) of Georgia, opposed the amendment, and said it had never been considered by the committee on privileges and elections. That commit? tee had adopted a rule to pay the actual expenses of a contest, but this proposed to give Mr. Corbin $10,000?equal to two years' salary as a Senator. He de? nied that the expenses of Mr. Corbin were $10,000. Mr. Blaiuc, (Rep.) of Maine, said the matter came before the committee on ap? propriations upon a memorial of Mr. Corbin, in which he stated his expenses were between $11,000 and $12,000. The Senate had kept him here dangling by the eyelids. If his claim be not acted upon now, Mr. Corbin would be remitted to that long list of hopeiess claimants. . Mr. Garland, (Dera.l of Arkansas, said the House had inserted in the bill appro? priations to pay contestants for scats in that body, and in no case was more than $4,000 allowed to any one, while in some cases a few hundred dollars were allowed, and some of the contestants came all the ,' way from California. / Mr. Hereford, (Dem.) of West Vir-/ giuia, said Mr. Butler was sworn in or: the 30th of November, 1877. What bus-> iness had Mr. Corbin about here aftej that time? Mr. Corbin claimed $4,00 personal expenses. How could his p<j sonal expenses be so great ? He p? his board, but he would have had to p it had he .been in South Carolina or any. whero else. There were twenty-five con? tested cases in the House, and the amount, allowed to the whole of them was but little over.$40,000. Ho favored the payment of the necessary and reasonable expenses of the contest of Mr. Corbin, but did not approve of this donation. Mr. Hill moved to amend so as to give him $5,000 iustcad of $10,000. Mr. Saulsbury, (Dem.) of Delaware, said the Senate knew nothing abcut the expenses of Mr. Corbin. His memorial should have been referred to the com? mittee on privileges and elections instead of the committee on appropriations. It was a discourtesy to the former commit? tee to refer it to that on appropriations. Mr. Wadleigh, (Rep.) of New Hamp? shire, (chairman of the committee on privileges and elections,) said he did not object to the reference. For the sake of speedy justice to the claimant he pre? ferred that it should go to the committee on appropriations. ... Mr. Beck, (Dem.) of '"Kentucky, thought he was entitled to the $10,000. If he was a man fit to be elected to the Senate his time was worth that much. He had been here two years, a member of the dominaut party, with every reason to believe that he would be seated. The amendment of Mr. Hill to reduce the amount to $5,000 was rejected?yeas 2C, nays 31, as follows: Yeas?Messrs. Bailey, Bayard, Beck, Cockrell, Davis of West Va., Dennis, Eaton, Eustis, Garland, Gordon, Grover, Harris, Hereford, Hill, Jones of Kansas, Kernan, McCreery, McPherson, Maxey. Merrimon, Morgan, Saulsbury, Voorhces, Wallace, Whyte and Withers?26. Nays?Messrs. Allison, Anthony, Blaiue, Booth, Burnside, Cameron of Wisconsin, ChaiTee, Chandler, Conkling, Couover, Dawes, Dorsey, Ferry, Hamlin, Hoar, Jones of Nevada, Kellogg, Kirk wood, McMillan, Mathews, Mitchell, Morrill, Oglesby, Paddock, Patterson, Rollins, Sargent, Saundcrs, Spencer, Teller and Windom?31. Mr. Hill moved to lay the amendment of the committee on the table. Rejected ?yeas 2S, nays 31. Mr. Sargent, (Rep.) of California, said in his own mind he had uo doubt the Senate was wrong in seating Mr. Butler and keeping out Mr. Corbin, and it came with very bad grace from the Senators on the Democratic side to object to giv? ing Mr. Corbin his money. jlr. Merrimon, (Dem.) of North Caro? lina, urged that this was in direct viola? tion of the precedent set in the Segar ca?c. Mr. Windom, (Rep.) of Minnesota, ap? pealed to the Senators to vote, and said if lengthy debate were to be indulged in it would be impossible to complete the business of the session. The amendment of the committee giv? ing Mr. Corbin $10,000 was agreed to? yeas 28, nays 25. ? A Georgia darkey, when he was told that a dollar was only worth eighty cents, remarked, "This is wusserin cot? ton. Muss have been a bustin crap o? money made last year."