Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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BY E. B. MURRAY & CO. ANDERSON, S. C, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 1877. VOL. XIII---NO. 9. RATES OF SUBSCRIPTlOir.-Tvro Dollabs per annum, and Oss Dollar for six months. Subscriptions are not taken for a less period than six months. Liberal deductions made to clubs of ten or m>re subscribers. RATES OF ADVERTISIXG.-Oae Dollar per 8 (uare oi ono inch for the first Insertion, and Fifty C ints per square for subsequent insert ions I ess than three months. No advertisements counte less than a square. Liberal contracts will be made with those wishing to advertise for three, six or twelve months. Ad? vertising by contract must be confined to the im? mediate business of the firm or individual contrac? ting. Oo'tuary Notices exceeding five lines. Tributes of Respect, and all personal communications or mitten of individual interest, will be charged for at advertising rates. Announcements of marriages and deaths, and notices of a religious character, are respectfully solicited, and will be inserted gratis FRUIT GSOWISG. An Essay Read Before the Summer Meeting of the State Grange at Anderson, S. C, on the 9th of August 1877, by Chi. R. M. Sims, of Columbians. C. There are many reasons, growing out of our natural resources and our political and social condition, that require and demand a greater diversity in our indus? tries. In the rural districts we need va? riety of employment and relief from the fatigue and dreariness of the one routine of daily physical labor; in our cities and towns we need the energy and enterprise that grows oat of active and varied culti? vation of the soil and the development of water power. The effect of diversify? ing our employments will be to make oc? cupations for every one. It will make good workers out of many who are now idle, and who either cannot find employ? ment or do not find congenial employ? ment. By giving variety we add intelli? gence and dignity to labor, and lighten the burden and elevate the character of those who do the rough work; we en? courage better habits and cultivate a higher order of tastes; we learn to appre? ciate the relations of cause to effect, of climate and soil to production, and of education and industry to happiness and substantial comfort. Manufacturing, stock raising, fruit culture, bee keeping and poultry and fish raising commend themselves to us as both practicable and profitable, either as independent occupa? tions or to be pursued in conjunction with farming. Of fruit growing we are very ignorant. Oar apology for this ig? norance is the aggravated subjugation of the last twelve years. Oar congratula? tion is that we have lived through it. Now that an era of peace and honest government has come, we should "take the current as it serves" to Increase the value and variety of oar products, and to diversify our employments and indus? tries, so as to combine and develop the means at onr hand for the improvement and elevation of our people and State. Let each person thoughtfully solve the problem as to what, is his best interest. In this let him consider his location and soil, his means and his tastes as factors to produce the highest degree of intelli? gence, refinement, respectability and comfort. Having selected his industries, let him go intelligently and energetically to work to understand how to succeed. There has been so much prejudice against books and book farming by a class that it has become ridiculous, and fortunately has nearly worn out itself and its follow? ers. There is much good sense and prac? tical wisdom contained in books, as there is often mnch nonsense and frivolity; and it is not creditable to the intelligence of.a man to say that he cannot learn val? uable lessons from books, or that he is injured by reading them. If you under? take fruit raising with some intelligence, whether you get it from books, from your neighbors or from your own observation, your labor will be very much easier and your chances of success proportionately greater. Without it your chances of failure are multiplied. There are books that are standard authorities upon fruit growing, and there are numerous men and fruit growers who are intelligent, honest and trustworthy. If you consult them and profit by their directions, you will succeed'; if, on the contrary, you perience, and consult only with the tree peddlers who bring to your door trifling trees at enormous prices, you will either become disgusted and cease to make ef? forts to raise fruits, or you will succeed only after years of successive failures. You have in horticulture an industry older than agriculture. You have the experience and observation of intelligent men of all ages and from all parts of the world; but you have what is more useful to you, the experience and wisdom of the most honest and honorable horticulturists of the United States and of your sister States, Georgia and North Carolina; this experience is in books and in month? ly and weekly periodicals and in reports of the proceedings of horticultural socie? ties. These reports are reviewed and corrected and added to biennially by the American Pomological Society, each State being required to report through the chairman of its fruit committee as to varieties, soil and climate, and semi-an nnally by the Georgia Horticultural So? ciety, each section of the State being represen dd in the discussions. You have a gentleman living less than a hundred miles from here and in sight of the bor? ders of your State, whose name is a syn? onym of honor and integrity, and whose high intelligence upon fruit culture is authority in England, France, Germany and wherever Angle-Saxon civilization exists. You have living in the modest town of Chester, in this State, a gentle? man whose labors in the perfection of oar fruits by hybridization are better known and appreciated in Australia to-day than they are here. You have just at hand every facility to become intelligent in fruit growing, and you have in your cli? mate and soil and in its variety and ca? pacity to produce almost every kind of fruit the greatest inducement to become so. You have, besides, the attraction that fruit growing presents as an occupation in being refining, elevating, healthful, invigorating and profitable. Besides, you have not a great deal to learn to be able to succeed, and you will learn it so easily and" so pleasantly if you take an interest in it that it will become directly a pleasant recreation. Yon must first learn the kind of fruit that suits your climate, soil and location; then what varieties and the time of their ripening are best suited to your climate, soil ana location, considering their value for home and for market. Nearly every kind of fruit that grows in the north temperate zone may be grown somewhere in South Carolina. Semi-tropical fruits?as oranges, lemons, limes, bananas?may be raised along the Southern Atlantic coast; peaches and grapes grow well on the coast besides. From the coast to the great falls in the rivers nearly all of our i ative fruits improve in their character; in this region the scuppemong grape is most prolific and excellent. In the mid? dle country the peach, the apple, the pear, the grape and the plum grow to great perfection; in the Piedmont region the apple and the grape doubtless do far better than in the middle and lower country. The pear is so subject to blight, and the intelligence and resources of hor? ticulturists ana scientists having failed to find a preventative or remedy for it, it is with fear and trembling that we plant a pear orchard anywhere. The Duchess f;rows best on dwarf stock and is least iable to blight, and it is one of our the great staple fruit crops for the lower country would be figs, grapes, peaches and pears; for the middle country grapes, peaches, figs, pears, apples; for the Piedmont country apples, grapes, pears, peaches. Of small fruits, the strawberry will grow well in each sec? tion ; the raspberry well in the middle and upper sections. As to varieties, we have an intelligent guide in the recom? mendations of the American Pomological Society, and a better still in the recom? mendations of the Georgia Horticultural Society. But to make fruit growing easy, grope for years in ignorance I would say that successful and permanent, we should have a horticultural society in the State, with subordinate ones in the counties. It is only by the means of meeting to? gether and exhibiting fruit and discussing its merits in the different sections of the State that we can be able to adopt a proper nomenclature and a proper list of fruit for each section. This is essential, and it involves a knowledge of the adapt? ability of the various fruits that grow in our State, not only to the different sec? tions strictly, but also to locations and to particular local influences of each.? There is no better guide to the beginner in selecting varieties than the pub? lished lists carefully prepared by the American Fomological Society and the Georgia Horticultural Society. The Georgia Horticultural Society recom? mend the following fruits for the moun? tain region of Georgia, corresponding very nearly in latitude, soil and climate to the mountain region of South Caro? lina : Apples?Red Astracan, Buff, Carter's Blue, Carolina Watson, Cullasaga, Chat tahoochee, Camak Sweet, Disharoon, Early Harvest, Early Bed Margaret, Equmetelee. Etawab, Farrar's Summer, Guinea Golden Pippin, Horse, Hocket's Sweet, Horn, HooTer, J ulian, Kittageskee, Kentucky Bed Streak, Mangum, Never Fails, Nickajak, Romanite, Shockley, Stevenson's Winter, Webb's Winter, White Winter Parnin, Yates. Peaches.?Amsden, Austin's Bustion's Oct., Baldwin's Late, Chinese, Craw? ford's Early, Crawford's Late, Darley, Early Tillotson, Early Newington, Ea? ton's Golden, George, Heath White, Lemon Cling, Mountain Rose, Old Mixon Freestone, Old Mixon Clingstone, Piquet's, President Church, Rivers', Pucelle de Malines, Stump the World, Susquehannah, Thurber, Tuskena. Pears.?Bartlett, Belle Lucrative, Beurre cPAnjou, Beurre Easter, Beurre Giffart, Beurre Superfine, Duchesse d'An gouleme, Howell, Josephine de Mar? lines, Onandaga, St. Michael's Archan? gel, Winter Nelis. Raspberries.?Imperial Cane. Cherries.?Belle Magnifique, Black Heart, (Werder's,) Early Richmond, May Duke, Bauman's May. Grapes.?Delaware, Concord, Goethe, Ives, Norton's Virginia, Perkins' Scup pernong, Merimack. Best for market? Ives, Delaware Hartford, Wilder, Diana, Perkins. Best for wine?Jacques, Lenoir, Clinton, Concord, Ives, Norton's Vir? ginia. Plums for all Sections {not destroyed by CurcuUo.)?De Caraduec, Wild Goose, Newman's. Strawberries for all Sections.?Wilson's Albany. BEST FOR THE MIDDLE REGION. Apples? Red Astracan, Buncombe, Black Warrior, Carolina Greening, Cbat tahoocb.ee, Early Harvest, Early Bed Margaret, Equinetelee, Etawab, Farrar's Summer, Grevenstein, Harnes' Seedling, Homony, Horse, Hockett's Sweet, Kitta? geskee, Mamma, Mangum, Maverick Sweet, Moultrie, Never Fails, Red June, Rhodes' Orange, Schockley, Summer Cheese,. Summer Queen, Stevenson's Winter, Sweet Bough, Taunton, Yates, Yopp'8 Favorite. Peaches.?Alexander, Amsden, Amelia, Austin, Barnard, Baldwin's Late, Chinese, Crawford's Early, Darly, Early Tillotson, Early York, Eaton's Golden, Fleitas St. John, Foster, Grosse Mignon, Great j Eastern, Halo's Heath White, Indian Blood Freestone, Indian Blood Cling? stone, Late Rareripe Stephen's, Lemon Cling, Mountain Rose, Old Mixon Free? stone, Old Mixon Clingstone, President, President Church, Pnncess of Wales, Rivers', Pecelle de Malines, Susquehan? nah, Tuskena. Pears.-?Bartlett, Belle Lucrative, Beurre d'Anjoo, Beurre Diel, Beurre Giffart, Beurre Superfine, Clapp's Favor? ite, Doyenne d'Ete, Duchess, Howell, Lawrence, St. Michael Archangel, Seckle, Leconte, Strawberries.?Longworth's Prolific, Seth Boyden, Wilson's Albany. Raspberries.?Imperial Red Cane. Mulberries.?Downing's Hicks' (for poultry.) Grqp?.?De vereux, Clinton, Concord, Delaware, Diana, Goethe, Hartford, Ives, Norton's Virginia, Scuppernong, Merri mack. Figs.?Early Lemon, Celestial, Brown Turkey, Green Ischia. Cherries.?Gov. Wood. BEST FOR COAST REGION. Apples.?Red Astracan, Early.Harvest, Early Red Margaret, Etowah, Family, Nantahalee, Red June. Cherries are worthless in this region. Peaches.?Alexander, Amsden, Amelia, Hale's Early, Mountain Rose, Old Mixon Clingstone, Rivers'. Mulberries.?Downing's Hicks' (pro? lific.) Pears.?Bartlett, Duchess, St. Michael Archangel, Leconte. Strawberries.?Wilson's Albany. Figs.?Brunswick, Black Genoa, Celes? tial, Brown Turkey, Green Ischia, Lemon, Nerii. Graves.?Concord, Delaware, Flowers, Ives', Lenoir, Norton's Virginia, Scupper? nong, Thomas', Warren. Plant in November or December one year old healthy trees. By no means plant scions and stubs from the orchard and fence corners; tbey are short lived, unhealthy and are continually putting up suckers. Plant the seed from well ripened and healthy fruit, and bud or ?;raft on this stock; or buy your trees rom a reliable nurseryman. Lay off your land by cross furrows with a plow fifteen to eighteen feet apart for standard pears and peaches, and twenty feet apart for apples. Dig the holes at the inter? section of the furrows three feet wide and fifteen inches deep; before setting the tree put in the bottom some of the top soil. Set the tree erect in the mid? dle of the hole and fill up with the top soil, packing the dirt well around the roots and leaving the tree buried about half an inch deeper than it grew in the nursery and standing in the centre of a slightly depressed basin. If you are ftlanting one year old trees, cut every imb on, and if a peach, plum, cherry or apricot, cut the stem off the height of your knee from the ground; if an apple or standard pear, cut the stem off two and a half feet above the ground. If you are planting older trees trim in the limbs and trim off the leader, leaving the lower limbs the longest. CULTIVATION. Plant the land in cotton, peas or po? tatoes for several years, manuring the crops well each year, gradually leaving a space not plowed around the trees as they grow older. You cannot plow too close to peach trees, if you do not plow too deep and do not injure them by skin? ning the body or limbs. The after cul? ture of the orchard should be close but shallow plowing; once in mid winter across the summer plowing and throwing the dirt from the trees, and two or three plowings during the spring and summer, throwing the dirt to the trees. As soon as frosts are over manure your trees by scattering broadcast wood ashes and lime or phosphate of lime and potash under the trees as far as the limbs extend and give im mediately the first spring plowing. Grass and weeds should be kept from under the trees. A spading fork can be used bere to great advantage. The first of May hill the dirt up to the peach trees and destroy any egeria that may be near the roots. In November go over this again and scrape this dirt away well, leaving the collar of the trees entirely exposed and destroy all egeria. Never sow small grain of any kind in an orch? ard. Keep hogs in it after fruit ripens; they eat the wormy fruit and thereby stop the reproduction of the curculia, so destructive to stone fruits. It is often well to sow broadcast cow peas at the first plowing in May, to be turned under at the second plowing in July. pruning. Prune whenever your trees need it, and you have a sharp knife. Don't allow an excessive and ugly growth to continue so long as to require a hatchet or saw. Start your trees right, make them head low to the ground, trim them so as to assume a well-balanced bead and a pyra? midal form, and they will not grow one? sided, bend over or require a stake.? Make the branches shade the body of the tree so as not to allow the stem to be ex? posed to the sun, nor allow any one limb to outgrow the others. Avoid having a double leader and a distinct fork or crotch in the tree. gathering and shipping. Gather early in the morning whilst the fruit is cool. Never gather it for market when it is wet. Pick the fruit from the tree carefully with the hand; do not bruise it by throwing it into the baskets nor by pressing the thumb nail into it. Pack in boxes holding one-third to one-half of a bushel, remembering that 2,156 cubic inches make a bushel; you can easily regulate the size. The neatest and best boxes for shipping are twenty-two inches long and have octago? nal ends, (with a corresponding middle piece,) the axes of which are 9x?l inches. The most successful shippers in Georgia pack in live moss or cotton, the fruit touching literally. These boxes bring from $2 to $4 in New York, according to the quality of the fruit and its condition upon arrival. It costs from any point on the Charlotte, Columbia and Augusta Railroad three cents per pound (express) to deliver peaches in New York. A bushel crate filled with peaches weighs fifty pounds. The secret of packing is to pack as tightly as possible so as to leave no room for jostling. To succeed in sell? ing send to an honest dealer, in good condition; make small, neat, light and strong crates. The crates will cost from eight to twelve cents, according to size and care in making them. I use three Sjuarters thick and six inches wide plank or ends and middle piece and sawed plastering laths for all the side. I have shipped wJth satisfaction to J. R. Hel frich, NeW York; Burbage & Co., Phila? delphia ; W. G. Dandridge & Co., Rich? mond, and W. M. Hale, Charleston. 8ubplus fruit. A serious question to solve and too ex? tensive to discuss in this paper is the utilization of our surplus fruits, domestic and wild. The appearance now is that the process of evaporating fruit by pat? ented evaporators as practiced extensive? ly and successfully in New Jersey and Delaware will prove most economical and remunerative. The great enemies to fruit trees are cows, sheep and goats; keep them out of the orchard at all times and seasons. When you plant an orchard instill at the same time in your heart some fondness for its beauty and growth, and hope for its success. As no one can manage children without first loving them, so no one is apt to succceed in horticulture or floriculture without a fondness for it. "Even a heart full of love sometimes has to make room for a great deal of sorrow over blunders and failures." A GUARDED ENDORSEMENT. How the Pennsylvania Republicans Ex? press Themselves About Hayes. Harrisburg, Pa., Sep. 5. The committee on resolutions in the State Republican Convention reported the following, which was adopted: Resolved, Thai while we recognize and respect the difference of opinion existing among us as to the course pursued by President Hayes towards the South, we are heartily in accord in honoring the patriotic motives which have guided him, and in hoping that the results of this policy will be peace, good will, and the complete recognition of the equal rights of all men in every section of the coun? try, and to the efforts of his Administra? tion to carry into effect the principles of the platform upon which he was elected, we pledge our hearty and cordial sup? port. The next resolution arraigns the Dem? ocratic party for its abuse of the Electo? ral Commission. The third resolution calls upon members of the State and Na? tional Legislatures to assist the return of prosperity to the country by adopting such measures as will conduce to that end. The fourth and fifth resolutions oppose any grant of more than one hundred and sixty acres of land to any one person, and also oppose the reissue of patents by act of Congress. 6th. That the long and successful existence, under the laws of Congress, of the double-coin standard, warrants us iu demanding an early repeal of the legislation which demonetized sil? ver and established an almost exclusive gold standard; and we therefore favor a return to the free use and unrestricted coinage of the dollar of 1798, and its re? storation to the position it held as a legal tender during the eighty years of our National existence, thus preserving the equality of the commercial value of the silver dollar with the gold dollar, keep? ing both in circulation. The seventh resolution endorses the administration of Governor Hart ran ft. 8th. We are in favor of law and against lawlessness and anarchy with all their attendant horrors aad crimes. Equal rights in making laws impose equal duties in obeying them when made, and we tender our hearty thanks to Governor Hartranft and the officers and soldiers of his command for the prompt, and we hope, the effectual suppression of the lawless disturbances which recently occurred in this State. 9th. That we hold in equal respect the rights of capital to control its invest? ments, and of labor to determine the value of its services. That we deprecate any assertion by violence of the rights of either, and we assert it as the duty of all citizens to hold their respective rights within the just limitation of the law, and that any attempt to coerce either by un? lawful means should be promptly re? pressed by such lawful authorities as the exigency demands. The remaining reso? lutions, except the eleventh, which favors a protective tariff, relate entirely to State affairs. ? "Is this the place." she asked, as she wandered down on the barren sands, "where a young lady?a beautiful young lady?fell into the water last season, and was rescued by a gallant young man, whom she afterwards married?" He looked at her carefully, estimated her at a square 47, with false teeth, and said: "Yes, ma'am, but I don't know how to l vim." THE LATE ADMIRAL SEMBIES. Some Personal Reminiscences of a fa? mous Career. Letter to the JSTew York Tribune. Washington, August 31. A gentleman who during the war served for a short time on board the Con? federate steamer Alabama, and after? wards on the Georgia, which cruised in company with the Alabama, is now in Washington, and relates some interesting reminiscences of the late Admiral Semmes. The last vessel of the United States navy which Semmes commanded was the Somers. This was the frigate upon which, previous to his command of it, two young midshipmen, .one of them a son of the then secretary of the navy, were hanged by McKenzie Slidell for mutiny. Semmes commanded her du? ring the Mexican War, and while at Vera Cruz she was capsized in a squall. The loss of this vessel was a source of much satisfaction to all officers of the navy at that time. She was very unpop? ular, on . account of the superstitions which existed in regard to her; the men were constantly deserting, and officers were unwilling to be assigned to duty on her. After this, Admiral Semmes enter? ed the practice of the law in Cincinnati, and was there at the time the war broke out. Going South, he tendered his services to the Confederacy, and first commanded the Sumter, which, after a short cruise, was blockaded in Gibraltar, abandoned and afterwards sold. The service on the Alabama was a very exciting one. She was always either chasing other vessels or being chased herself, and the life that was led by her officers and crew was very attractive to those who liked adventure. The Alabama had only two engage? ments with United States vessels of war; the first with the Hatteras, off Galveston, and the second with the Kearsarge, in which she was worsted. The officer al? ready referred to describes the tactics employed by Semmes off Galveston as very "sharp. About 4 o'clock one after? noon, he steamed up in sight of the blockading fleet, carrying the British flag. He then turned about and began to sail away, burning bituminous coal, and making an immense cloud of smoke, his object being to create the impression in the Federal fleet that he was a block? ade-runner, making the best time possi? ble to get beyond their reach. Admiral Semmes expected that the Federal com? mander would send after him his fastest vessel, and that this would be one of the lightest in the fleet. In this conjecture he was not mistaken, for the Hatteras was dispatched to overtake and capture him. One of the larger vessels would have been more than a match for the Alabama. When she came alongside of the Alabama the captain of the Hat? teras hailed her, but for a time received no answer; when at length he ordered her to lie to and give an account of her? self, or he would fire into her. Semmes hauled down the British flag and threw ont the Confederate flag, which was already at the peak, tied up in a bundle with small ropes. Then shouting de? fiantly, "This is the Confederate steamer Alabama," he opened fire. The battle that ensued was a very brief one, lasting only about twelve minutes, but at the end. of this time the Hatteras was sunk. The gentleman who describes the fight says that the officers and crew of the Hatteras fought most gallantly, and did not abandon her until her guns were level with the water. The circumstances of the fight between the Kearsarge and the Alabama are too well known to need repetition. The gentleman already referred to was a wit? ness of this fight, but did not take part in it, being at the time on board a French tug. He says that Admiral Semmes made a great mistake in going out of Cherbourg to meet the Kearsarge at all. He said the immediate cause of his going ont was a threat of Winslow to go into port with the United States flag flying over the inverted Confederate flag, and to sail around the Alabama as an insult. Semmes sent back word that if he would not do that he would go out and fight him. The Alabama had been at sea two years, and her copper hung in "elbows" all over her bottom, which was also very dirty. When in good condition she could sail twelve or fourteen knots an hour, but at that time she could not have made over six knots at the best Be? sides this, the powder that she used was some that had been condemned by the British government, and to make it still worse, a portion of the condensing ap? paratus of the vessel used for producing water, was in contact with her magazine, so that much of her powder was wet. The result was that the heaviest shells fired by the Alabama failed to perforate the sides of the Kearsarge, and some of them were seen to drop in the water be? fore reaching her enemy, although the vessels were at the time not over three hundred yards apart. The same gentleman expressed the opinion that Admiral Semmes, in his book describing the cruise of the Ala? bama, does himself great injustice when he ascribes his failure to disable the Kearsarge to the fact that the latter hung chain cables upon her sides. These cables were only placed upon her bows, and had the powder of the Alabama been, in good condition, he expresses it as his opinion that she would have sunk the Kearsarge in spite of all such protection. One of the shells of the Alabama, which lodged in the stern-post of the Kearsarge, bnt did not explode, is now in this city. If it had exploded, it would undoubtedly have destroyed Winglow's vessel. Semmes displayed the greatest coolness in the handling of his vessel during the whole of the fight with the Kearsarge, and when the Alabama was about to sink, he was the last man to leave her. A sailor named Marrs, who had shown very great bravery during the combat, and who had picked up a shell from the Kearsarge that fell on the deck of the Alabama and thrown it overboard?it exploded before it reached the water brought a life-preserver to Semmes, and insisted that he should put it on. Semmes refused to do so, and told the sailor that his life was worth as much, to him as the Admiral's, and that he must put it on himself. He had in his hand some valuable papers, among them the bonds of a number of ships that had been captured, and these he gave to Marrs, directing him to save them at all hazards. Subsequently some of the officers and sailors persuaded Semmes to use a life preserver. Marrs was picked up by one of the boats of the Kearsarge, but jumped overboard. He was picked up a second time by another of the Kearsarge's boats, and a second time leaped into the water, and was finally rescued by a French boat, saving the papers which had been committed to his care. Semmes was a very strict disciplina? rian. This was especially necessary in the service in which the Alabama was engaged. The line between that kind of service and piracy was so narrow, that but for the strictest discipline the crew of the Confederate steamer would have been guilty of all sorts of excesses. When an American vessel was captured, if it had on board an American cargo it was burned. If the cargo belonged to foreigners, the captain was made to sign a bond for the value of the vessel. No officer or member of the crew of the Ala bama was allowed to take any article from a prize, The gentleman who de? scribes this service says that he was once very severely punished by the captain of the Georgia for taking from the cabin of a vessel that was captured a sewing bird, worth only a few cents. By a law of the Confederate Congress, the officers and crew of the Alabama were to receive from the Confederate Government one-half the value of all American vessels destroyed, and the whole value of all that were bonded, but their claims were, of course, never paid. The reason why prizes were destroyed was that the Alabama was not allowed to take vessels which she captured into the ports of any foreign country to be condenmed. The officers and crews of all captured vessels were very kindly treated while on board the Alabama. During the day half of them were al? lowed to be on deck at all times, ming? ling with the crew, while the remainder were kept below. At night all of them, of course, were confined. The officers and crews of captured vessels were also allowed to take with them all of their tmvate property, but none of that be onging to the vessel. The gentleman already referred to says that a very erroneous idea prevails in the North that the crew of the Alabama was composed of English and Southern men. On the other hand, during the most of the time they were almost exclusively Yankee sailors from captured vessels. In some instances the entire crews of whalers desired to enlist under Admiral Semmes. The Admiral was accustomed to tell them that the United States would hang them all if they were caught, but the reply generally was that they did not care, they would take the chances of that. When the Georgia ran the blockade at New Orleans, an officer, who was on board of her, says she had only nine Southern men on board, and the re? mainder of her crew, of between fifty and sixty, was made up almost entirely of Yankee sailors. The same gentleman tells an amusing anecdote of Semmes's experience in the port of Bahia, in Brazil. He sent an officer to inform the Governor of his in? tention of leaving, but the Governor was unwilling to give his consent, and replied that according to the regulations of the port, vessels were not allowed to leave after 4 o'clock in the afternoon. The captain of a little Portuguese man-of-war which was in the harbor volunteered his services to prevent the departure of the Alabama. When Semmes was informed of this he was greatly excited. "He does, does he?" he exclaimed, as he Eaced up and down the deck. "D-?n im, I'll spoil his paint for him." Short? ly after, the Alabama weighed her anchor and got under way. Sailing around very close to the little Portuguese man-of-war, she saluted her flag with twenty-one guns, and when the smoke cleared away the Portuguese vessel, which was painted white, was as black as a collier. There was no interference with sailing of the Alabama. When in Mobile, in 1874,1 formed the acquaintance of Admiral Semmes, who was at that time practicing law in that city. His law office was on a cross-street, not far from the customhouse. Like the offices of most Southern lawyers, it had little about it that was attractive. The floor was bare, the books were not plenti? ful and the furniture was meagre. The Admiral was rather insignificant in per? sonal appearance, short in stature, quite erect, with a small, sharp gray eye, and hair and beard that would have been gray, had it not been dyed. The latter consisted of a fierce moustache and im? perial, which, with his overhanging eye? brows, gave to him rather a ferocious as? pect. He was was dressed in loose, light costume, and his wide pantaloons did not hide the fact that he was very bow legged. In conversation he was courte? ous and pleasing. I do not think the Admiral was very successful as a lawyer. Gentlemen who practiced at the bar with him in Mobile told me that, while in private he was very genial in his inter? course with lawyers, in court, and in ' the transaction of business generally, he ! displayed too much of the imperious j quarter-deck demeanor to make him pop? ular. How Kindness Was Appreciated. ?"Please pull that bell, mister," asked an innocent looking boy, who was stand? ing on the steps of a house on Franklin street above Gerard avenue yesterday morning, of a dandy chap who was pass? ing by. Thinking that the boy resided in the house, and desired to gain admit? tance thereto, the dandy replied, "Cer? tainly, sonny." This little act of kind? ness, thought the dandy, certainly ought to accord him a smile or a "thank you" from the sister, who he had no doubt would answer the bell. It was in the hope of receiving some such recognition that he lingered for a moment. The door was opened by a robust daughter of the Emerald Isle, who carried a broom in her hand. "Phat did yez ring that bell for ?" she inquired of the small boy, who had taken a position upon the curb? stone. "I didn't ring it; it was that 'ere man," responded the mischievous little rascal, pointing to the retreating dandy. Bridget started after the latter, aud catching up to him gave a whacking blow on the head with the broom, at the same time yelling at the top of her voice, "Annoy dacent people, will yez (another crack,) 0! ye spalpeen, ye," He tried to explain, but it was no use, and finding matters were likely to terminate with se? rious injury to himself, he took to his heels. Bridget was not disposed to let him escape with so little punishment, and accordingly followed close behind, bringing her broom down upon his al? ready demolished hat whenever an op? portunity shows itself. It was a lively chase; coal heavers dropped their bas? kets, hucksters stopped calling out their goods, merchants and people flocked to their doors, and became interested alone in the race. Only by jumping on a street car was the dandy safe from the enraged woman. As he sank down in a seat, wiped the perspiration from his face, and tried to straighten out his hat, he was heard to mumble between his clenched teeth, "I will give $5 if some one will show me that boy."?Philadelphia Press. ? It was very careless leaving the parrot in tbe parlor Sunday evening, but she never thought, anything about'-it until Monday morning, when he raised the whole house by making a smacking noise and crying, "Darling Susie, Darl? ing Susie." He kept it up all day, too, and the old folks are much interested in the case. ? What can you expect of a Chestnut street girl who will let a Fourth street dry goods clerk kiss her at the front gate, at parting, and when she goes up stairs ana her mother asks her "what kind of a noise was that she heard," she tells her that "every time she goes to shut the front gate, them old rusty hinges croak ?" The old lady is satisfied, so is the "young one" and she hides the oil can used on the sewing machine to keep her innocent mamma from oiling the hinges and stop? ping the "squeaking." THE SWORD OF JUSTICE. judge reed revives its use, literal? ly as well as figuratively. Co rr erpondena of the Newt and Courier. Aiken, S. C, September 3. The Court of General Sessions con? vened this morning, bis Honor Judge J. P. Reed presiding. A large number of | citizens were in attendance. Since the retirement of the able and accomplished Maher from the bench little business has been transacted, and as a necessary con? sequence the docket is heavily crowded. Judge Reed exhibits such a wonderful capacity for the dispatch of business that there is every possibility that he will make a clean sweep of this immense ac? cumulation of cases. The Judge's charge to the grand jury was very forcible and clear, and meets the cordial approval of J all good citizens. He directed special attention to the statutes against vagran? cy, gambling and liquor selling without a license. If this matter of vagrancy was oftener looked into by grand juries, the peace and order of every community in the State would be promoted. The juries, as they originally stood, having been enlisted by the Chamber? lain officials, were composed of very much the same material with which we have been cursed for the last ten years. But to-day it became necessary to draw fifteen additional names for the petit juries, and three for the grand jury, from extra lists prepared by Jury Commissioner H. P. Buckhalter, and the other Hampton offi? cials, in accordance with an act passed by the last Legislature, and the difference in the status of jurymen selected was so very perceptible as to be almost startling. The good citizens of this community were very much gratified to hear the opinion expressed by his Honor from the bench that no man was fit to act as a juryman who could neither read nor write. It is sincerely to be hoped that j in the future jury commissioners will call upon no citizen to discbarge this impor? tant duty unless possessed of these simple bnt indispensable qualifications. Judge Reed reflected in terms of just severity upon the fact that an important county like Aiken should be virtually without a court house, although $15,000 of the people's money had been squan? dered in the purchase of the Gregg man? sion. He also alluded to the miserable little building used as .a jail, which is insuffi? cient and unsafe as a place of confine? ment. He called for the chairman of the board of county commissioners, and inquired whether provision had been made for the expenses of the court ? Upon being answered in the negative, he expressed himself as decidedly opposed to the prac? tice which has existed under a corrupt state of things, of issuing tickets to jury? men and the other attendants on the court, for which they could realize no money except by disposing of them at twenty-five or fifty cents on the dollar. He thought the expenses of the court was the first matter that should be provided for, and that it was due to the present Reform Government that the expenses of | this court should be promptly met, if the money could be found in Aiken County. Since the adjournment of court, I am informed that the money will be ob? tained. Not only were the juries organized, which was a matter of time in conse? quence of numerous absentees, but on this, the first day of the term, two im Sortant cases have been tried. Henry parnick, the heartless thief who stole from the widows and orphans while oc? cupying the honorable position of judge of probate, was tried and convicted of | official misconduct, although absent from the State. This case was tried during Judge Mailer's administration, but owing co the fact that one of the jurymen was bribed it resulted in a mistrial. The State was represented by O. C. Jordan, Esq., who acted by appointment of the Court in the former trial, and Sparnick was defended by Samuel J. Lee, ex Speaker and ex-Solicitor, and now under indictment himself for matters with which all your readers are familiar. The next case was Hampton Ervin, col? ored, for murder. Col. Frederick Gantt, the new Solicitor, prosecuted this case, which has been standing on the docket for three terms. The verdict was guilty of manslaughter. There is considerable improvement in the order preserved in and about the hall used as a court house. The precaution taken by the Commissioners at the sug? gestion of our worthy sheriff of covering the floor with cotton bagging adds ma? terially to the comfort of the court. I also notice a marked improvement in the deportment of the constables. I have often seen the time when I regarded them as the greatest nuisances about the court, in consequence of their noisy and insolent calls for order, when actually they were making more noise than any? body else. This has all been stopped. I was pleased to observe that Judge Reed has re-established one of the old landmarks of our fathers, by requiring the sheriff to wear a sword when escort? ing him to and from the court. Oar | people are so much gratified by bis vigo? rous dispatch of business and courteous bearing that they would be glad to re? tain him as a permanent institution in this circuit; but as this cannot be under the new order of things, we can at least hope that it will be long ere we see the incompetent Judge Wiggin again. The crops around Aiken of both cotton and corn are good. Two bales only of | new cotton have been sold so far, as the crop is backward by at least two or three weeks as compared with last year. I was informed by Thomas Hayne, the young colored man who has been au? thorized by Adjt.-Gen. Moise to collect State arms, that he has gathered seventy eight rifles, forty of which have been turned over to the Montmorenci com? pany. He states that there are still many more to be collected. The colored people, as a general thing, are working well and behaving in an or? derly manner. The best of feeling pre? vails among all classes of citizens, and would always have been so if it baa not been for the accursed, corrupt, thieving government that we have just got rid of C. E. R* D. ? Stanley Matthews's speeches in Ohio are square and aggressive in de? fending the President's Southern and civil-service reform policy. Garfield, more hesitating and apologetic here, is clearer and sounder on the financial and labor questions. On the civil-service question he seems only to lack the cour? age of his convictions. While evidently sympathizing with the President's pur? poses and practically indorsing his pol? icy, he humors the aggrieved politicians by criticising it as going a little too far. Seeing that the reform is alike right and inevitable, he laments that the diseased limb wasn't cut off more slowly by piece? meal, and tries to retain the favor of the disgrunted politicians without losing the support of the approving people. All of which is not very creditable to Gen. Garfield's independence, if indeed it shall prove to his political shrewdness. Thoughts for September. If overcome by the heat or lolled into inactivity by the comparative idleness of August, the farmer most now summon new energy, and kindle again the fires of zeal. He has linked his material destiny with the eternal movements of nature, where apparent rest does not mean stag? nation, but preparation for increased ac? tivity?and now the "latter rains" and the autumnal dews and the sun with? drawing his fiercest heat, all invite him to clothe his fields anew with, the green garb of oats, and barley, and rye, and grass, and clover, and lucerne, and vetch? es, and wheat. Continued, unceasing growth upon a soil is nature's method of guarding against waste through leaching and evaporation?the plant absorbing and holding that which water would have carried to the sea, or which vaporization would have thrown into the general at? mosphere which envelopes the earth. Leaching is greatly promoted by the co? pious and continued rains .of winter and spring, hence the greater necessity for winter crops to counteract it. But this is not all?if one crop a year on a piece of land pays a certain profit, why may not two crops annually on the same land pay twice that profit? But it may be asked, does not the soil need rest? Yes, where injudicious cropping (without ro? tation) or incessant drafts upon it, with? out restitution, have prevailed; but never, when the reverse is true, and when judi? cious rotation and regular feeding has been practiced. We may rest assured that the earth will never fail under any circumstances to respond to good, gener? ous treatment. autumn chops. But to the autumn crops. Oats, clover, rye and barley grazing lots, and the grass? es should be seeded down this month. .The early part of October would answer in most parts of the South if there was certainty of rain to bring up seed as soon as sown. But there is the rub?the seed may not come up for weeks after they are put in the ground, and the plants not be able to establish themselves before cold weather sets in. In the cooler por? tions of the South, it is wise, therefore, to begin seeding down the latter part of August if reins occur, and to take every chance through September. Thin lands should be sown first, as the growth upon them is not apt to be too far advanced before it is checked by cold. On Very rich land there is danger of sowing too soon (especially oats) with the conse? quent necessity of having to resort to grazing, to counteract too advanced growth. Where oats were badly killed last win? ter and too thin to be harvested, another crop may be advantageously grown on the same land without reseeding. Begin at once, by running a brush so as to scat? ter the seed uniformly over the land then run turn plows in same direction as brush and bury weeds and oats together ?followed with a "drag" or "smoother," and the task is done. If there are any spots where the oats were entirely killed out, sow these before starting the plows. Generally speaking they will be found to be the poorer spots, and it would be wise to manure as well as seed them. If we desire to make fine oat crops, we must forever abandon the idea that oats-'can take care of themselves?that they may be sown on land that will make nothing else, and that they do not need manure. On the contrary, no crop cultivated re? sponds more promptly to even a modicum of manure?none-more sure to get back everything that is put in the soil. TURNIPS. Hoe and plough these as soon as they will bear it and thin out severely. The turnip completes its growth in a very short time, and ought to be given every ad vantage?early thinning and frequent workings very important. At the last ploughing, if the soil is very rich, drill barley or oats or rye between the rows of turnips, and thus keep the land occupied through the winter. picking cotton. Begin early and keep right up with the cotton. If less can be picked a day, than when gone over more leisurely, you will St a cleaner and better article, as it is is likely to have rain upon it Every one knows that when the price of cotton is low, good handling pays well; buyers become more particular, and discount the price for every little imperfection in the article. Again, if yon once get behind, it is very hard to catch up, and it is use less to call to mind what an unpleasant thing cotton picking is in the cold days of December. Begin saving seed, for! next year's planting, from the second picking, and guard against bulking it too much, less in its green state it heats, and loses its germinating power. Very care? ful planters sun their seed a little before storing it away. selecting seed. Go over your crop in person and pick from the stalks you like best, keeping an eye to number and size of bolls, length and fineness of staple and shortness of limbs. Gather enough in this way to plant a patch (larger or smaller accord? ing to size of farm) from which seed may be raised to plant the general crop the ensuing year. If this is done every year, a very excellent variety of cotton can soon be established and perpetuated. If some care is not taken the best varieties will soon degenerate. seed corn. It would be'well to select seed corn in a similar way?going over the field and Sphering the ears from the stalks, that e latter may be taken into considera? tion as well as the ear itself. We need a dwarf variety of Southern corn?a full sized ear with a small stalk. Too much ! of the strength of the soil is expended in making the large stalk which our corn generally has?and by going over the fields and selecting good ears from the smallest stalks, a dwarf variety could doubtless in a short time be established. ?Southern Cultivator. By No Means a Small Matter.? There are many people, right here at home, who seem to think that because the figures thus far made public are small, that the stealings of the plunderers of South Carolina have been petty after all. This is a great mistake which the greedy public have fallen into. For reasons of public polity, they have been kept in ig? norance of all the rascality of these fel? lows that justice might be done. We will take for instance the case of "Chlory" Carpenter, who was indicted yesterday for forgery in three cases, of $1,000 each. This does not mean that Carpenter has been guilty of stealing only $8,000 from South Carolina, but these are merely cases which have been put forward to test the matter, as the committee have unearthed twenty or more accounts where old sorrel top "Chlory" had prefixed a 1 to bills allowed for hundreds, thus ren? dering them thousands, and swindling the State out of a thousand dollars in every certificate.?folurnbialleyit/er. ? "No, ma," she said, "Charles can never be anything to me more. Hi- came out this spring in his last fall uvercoat; and oh! ma, if it had only mat< U?| my new dress I wouldn't care so much, but it doesn't, and we've parted." LEGAL ADVERTDSLVG.?We are compelled to require, cash payments for advertising ordered by Executors, Administrators and other fiduciaries and herewith append the rates for the ordinary notices, which will only be Inserted when the money cornea with the order: Citations, two insertions, - $3.00 Estate Notices, three insertions, - ? 2.00 Final Settlements, fire insertions - - 3.00 TO CORRESPONDENTS.?In order ba receive attention, communication! most be accompanied by the true name and address of the writer. Be I jected manuscripts will not be returned, unless the necessary stamps are furnished to repay t ho postage thereon. t&- We are not responsible for the views and opinions of oar correspondents. All communications should be addressed to "Ed itors Intelligencer," and all checks, drafti, money orders. Ac., should be made payable to the order Of E. B. MURRAY & co., Anderem, 8. c. General News Summary* ? The Grand Encampment of .Knights Templar, at Cleveland, adjourned to meet next in Chicago. ? Alvin Adams, founder of the Adams Express Company, died in Bostor yester? day, aged seventy-three. ? The suspensions of newspapers in the United States during August were thirty-two, comprising four daihen, twen? ty-seven weeklies, and one monthly. . ? Gen. O. O. Howard is to be p ?resent? ed with a costly diamond ring ns * re? ward for his Indian achievements. He will wear it in his nose. ? The Paper Trade Journal anr. ounces that the commissioner of patents hiis ex* tended for seven years more the Henry Voelter patent for reducing wood to paper pulp. It also states that the patentees will raise the price of such pulp to three and a half. ? The latest and most distinguished convert to the Presidential policies is Vice-President Wheeler. He bits just discovered, or at least sufficiently discov? ered to say so, that he believes ;.n the President and his works. Fall in, gen? tlemen I It is better late than never? for yourselves. ? The Cuba business gets on in neith? er direction. More troops from tf pain, another change in the captain general? ship, Joveilar going home in September, ana the revolutionists as troublesome as ever. It does seem ss if it was about time for Spain to do one tiling or the other, crush the rebellion, compromise with it, or abandon the island. ? Tne Londoners who met Got. Tilden seem to have been & good deal impittssed with his freshness and mental vigor. One of the gossiping weekly papers there fancies that our Republicans "who flatter themselves that be is played out will have fresh cause by and oy to respecfc the fighting powers of the most formidable political antagonist they have encoun? tered in many years." ? The reports from India grow worse week by week. The latest estimate msikes the victims of the famine already hilf a million, and puts tire probable loss of life before it is over at the enormoot, ag? gregate of four millions, or one of six in the population affected. This total is doable that of the terrible Persian famine of 1871, which has been accounted the greatest of modem times. ? The long current story that Presi? dent Grant ottered the chief justiceship to Senator Howe, of Wisconsin, is con? firmed by the ex-President, only reason for his non-acceptance, being that the then Democratic Legislature would choose a Democrat to succeed him. The country has reason to congratulate i&self that Wisconsin elected a Democratic Legislature that particular year. ? Gen. Grant is back in England from the continent, and has gone op. to Soot land, making visits at the country homes there of distinguished people. There: is a disposition among the working-men of "? England to demonstrate in his honor, but probably he will contrive to avoid any marked expressions of this sort. They . would be regarded over there as o f a political (Republican) or labor charac? ter. ? Senator Edmunds hasn't got so far along as was reported. He is in a mild state of mourning still, because President Haves is breaking up the party macb ine with his civil-se. r\ce reform order. He says the order will simply destroy for the time being every practical work in the Republican party, and, while lie thinks it is founded in correct motives, he ! re? lieves it is not advantageous to the pub lie interest. All this is sad?for Edmunds? and unworthy of him, tob! ? Hitherto the rush and jam about the polls has been such as to deter many of the women voters of Cheyenne, Wyo? ming, from exercising their privilege, but now a separate voting place in a hotel reading-room has been set apart for their exclusive use, and two lady judges of elections appointed to superintend the boxes. There hasn't been any woman in the Legislature yet, and the Cheyenne Sun persuasively remarks: "Don't be bashful, ladies, but come to the front and assert your rights." ? A bridge of. the Chicago, Bosk Island and Pacific railroad over Tom mile creek, near Des Moines, Iowa, hav? ing been carried off by a flood, a passe ji 2r train ran into the stream on Wedncsi y morning and made a terrible wrecr., Eighteen persons are known to have been killed, possibly many more, while a larp number are wounded. A part of w a train was Barnum's show, ana six of his men at least have been killed. Among the persons killed was Mr. Bolt, a promi? nent citizen of Boone, Iowa. ? Judge Field of the United States Court should have said less or mor-j when interviewed lately by a San Fran? cisco paper as to the truth of the news? paper story that Judge Bradley had ;i; one time decided to vote for giving thi Florida electors to Tilden. He said Judge Bradley never "read?1 to him any opinion or paper to that effect, with such. emphasis on the word read, and such i; refusal to say aay thing more, as to indi? cate very clearly that he could say, if ha would, that Judge Bradley told him that he had decided so to vote. ? The Turkish government has for? warded to its representative in this coun? try a circumstantial account of the atroc? ities committed by the Russians in Bul? garia?how ' they massacred . the men, gathered women and children in g.anario: and burned them alive, and even went to the extent of compelling women to wear Christian costumes. If the United States government does not immediately dis Satch a fleet to punish these outrages, tire ublime Porte at least cannot be charged with neglecting its duty. Turks before now have been known to lie, but of coarse they would not prevaricate in speaking of the Russians. Thompson should get ont his monitors. ? Whether Mars should be allowed to go on having moons in this fecund fash? ion is a grave question for the planetary managers. Here is the third, just dis? covered by Dr. Draper of New York and Prof. Holden of Washington at Dr. Draper's private observatory at Hastings on-the-Hudson. Mars, if we accept the assertions of these astronomers, is two moons ahead of tire earth, and this we take to be a direct imposition on the rest of the system. The best that can be said is that Mara has undoubtedly been a trifle ashamed, or he wouldn't have kept them hidden so long. And then be may plead in extenuation, as the young woman did about her improper baby, that they're "very little ones." ? We are beginning to see ourselves as others see us, through the reports to their own governments of tire foreign commissioners to the International Exhi? bition. England has already talked for? mally of us, and even France tells us that our painters are mere copyists of the different European schools: and that we run to extremes in the production of fan? cy silverware and articles of bric-a-brac We are credited with doing better in the manufacture of chemicals, and with be? ing a progressive, if still; somewhat law, nation of producers. Our high protec? tive tariff raised, the prices of French ex? hibits so mach, that many of them di^ not find purchasers, and they were taken home again. This the commission growls over.