The Anderson intelligencer. (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, August 30, 1877, Image 1

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v-,. r ?*/. .?'?.?V?. >r ^ ... ; .! ,;, ??h- . i ?> . -o-.' li'-ds > .wsf/* -orti:! ?-i>; .a-iiiLjjfjji^! !fc ..Ji?i*"?.rtH?(?y? nu .,m/!.{> ; _ 4<.,*^",l7jt:_i,1Jl lS,ir, ?Jch^?niril* > j ?nfc **? ?mit?* oj tono R 4 r/W OP 3 USSqRIPXX Olfr-TWO IkW*AKsJ and Ona POT.I>AS for six. mouths. I " guX?crip?sfi*- er? t?/t taken for . len period j h sn six months. Mineral deductions nude to clubs of ten or H..'rt- subscriber*. r'irh OF AnVf?BfiaXSa.-One Dollar per . ?uar* el one 'ncn for tBC first insertion,and Fifty ?'cnts ncr square for subsequent iosertlonstessthtn three mouths. No advertisements counte less I hnn S suusrv). Liberal contracts wit I he made with Hi ose wishing t o adverll'e fur lotwt, *lx or twelve months. Ad vertising by contract mutt ba caofined io the lm ujo-llatrhusloessof the firm or individual contrae ' "mituary Noti.-es exceeding five linea, Tributes of Heiiiccl. and all personal communications or malters of individual interest, will bs charged for at advertising rates. Announcements of marriages A nd .'.-.-.th?, and notices of a religious character, are respectfully solicited, and win oe inserir? grails PUBUPHEJ) BY REQUEST. THE (irU?qE A??P ?*TB ; CRECES. An aj?asrij' Wesdby Hon. 51. P. Simpson before HJabtown Grange. Worthy Matter, Brothers and Sisters : You have required of me a'hard task. To do anything like justice to the various interests included io the "benefits result ing from the association of thc Granges," would require time and talents of a pa tient and scrutinizing order. You, how ever, can demand no more of your miller than that be grind honestly your corn ; no more of a brother than be ia able to do. Aud I call your attention to the fact that I have lately eaten my 79th birth day, pudding, simply to apprise you not to expect much from this effort. Im ffrresacd, however, with the importance of (this duty, and urged on by a strong desire :to be of some service to fellow-men, I .cheerfully comply with your request. I think our first duty is to stir each other and all around us up to increased exertion, to 'raw out from our associa tion all tho benefits that that association is calculated to produce. When wo look over tho published list wo find there are ut least four millions of members now in tlie United States engaged in reaping the advantages afforded by the Grange asso ciation. . This fact of itself means much. The bare fact that HO many have associa ted for mutual improvement is of itself full proof that thens fa *>oine promirie of great importance to result. Tho excited political contest we have just passed th rough.', has-to Boin? extent produced lukewarmness among us. As that bas happily passed wo must now exert all our powere to revivo the interest in our social meetings. The question here arises, How is that to be done? You hear it said tb.it laughing is catching ; so is happiness. And when others learn how genial are our social meetings, they will soon wish to partake with us. This v.vill be an inducement to get all our meighbora io join us. You have recently ?done well in reducing one-half the monthly contributions. And if the con stitution would permit, another good step would be to reduce one-half the initiation fees. Cannot each of us draw in a neighbor by showing him the pleas ure as well as profit arising from the frank and friendly interchange of thought between noigbbor and neighbor, particu larly the interchange of ideas connected with all our farming operations, the ad vantages of association in buying and selling, and more than all tha improve ment in tlie mind fliat this association is calculated to produce. As a plau that would create great in terest, as well as largely promote im provement, permit me to suggest the adoption of some question to bb talked over, or debated, if you choose, at our meetings. Such as, What is the best method to prepare the ground for plant ing cotton? or the best manner of put ting in guano? or what books or papers afford the readiest and Bafest information to young farmers? or what is the better plan for a farmer to arrange to provide loud for his family aud stock? This question will take in ita range whether we shall live cn bacon, beef or mutton, what are the inc .1 profitable articles of food for stock, whether it is better for us to raise our necessaries or raise cotton to buy pork, cora or flour. May even take a larger rr nge. And all such questions us produce thought and afford informa tion to the members. Another mode to excite emulation. Let any four, five, or more, members agree to join in a trial who can grow the most wheat to the acre. And fat the premium be a bushel of wheat from each looser to the winner. Let other compa nies try on corn, potatoes, ?Vc. This will require no outlay of money. Other Granges have found thfa practice a great benefit. Progress is tho idea. Experi ments should be the order of the day with both brothers and sisters. Let thom, too, associate to see who can excel in rahing poultry. And let one of the kind they choose to make the trial with bo paid the winner as a premium from each of the loosers. This will have tho advantage to lead to the study of the diseases and mode of cure for the di.:or ders poultry of late have been addicted to. One great influence for good the Grangers have already produced is to cement brotherly feelings throughout the whole country. Already to learn that a man or woman belongs to a Grange at once they gain our confidence. For we know no unworthy person is admitted there. The great scent of power and success ia co-operation. It creates governments and, I am sorry .to say, begin? and car rise; on W.ir. Wh*"? rn on r-o-nne.rate for peace and progress, it erects factories, builds ships and manufactures all farm ing implements, drives off monopolies, affords facilities for selling all produce and buying all necessaries. Already co operation stores in England have been brought to success, and talked of here. The Pomona Grange, I learn, is prepar ing to introduce a portable factory for farmers' use, by which every one may spin up his own cotton without taking it lo a gin. The mind runs wild, looking forward to the many and great benefits to result from thia lever that the organi zation of Granges fa bringing into com mon use. Thia of itself speaks volumes in futur fAe ??rnni/Ation. From this, p.iwcrof co-oper..?*.v?r., t-&..ouuuin?c?5Loofa and colleges will bc introduced to teach farmers what they so much need to know. The first thing we want to know is, whnt does the plant we wish to grow feed on ; next, what to put in the ground to give it its proper food. Tilts ia barely tho A B C ; much moro knowledge fa necessary to make farming a success. Colleges and schools will do this for us, and co-opera tio.: h the power to start ;Vtem. Information, general and practical, is tbe great want among farmers. lu my expcrienco there has been at no time for many yean more than seven farmers out of two hundred and twenty members of Congress, nor more than ten or twelve in the Legislature of South Carolina out of one hundred and twenty members during any one session. Thus you will see why it bas been in all the legislating for one hundred years back no laws, especially intended for the benefit of farmers, can be found among the statutes. The only law for the special benefit of farmers, pawed by the South Carolina Legisla ture, that I can call to mind, was pasaed before the war, grnnt;ng an appropriation of $5,000 to put the State Agricultural Society in operation. Yet, although there may nut be farmers cither iu Con gress or the Legislature, the co-operation of the Granges may and will have tho power to so interest thc law-makers as to legislate moro than heretofore for the advancement of the farming interests. The voice of four millions, honestly and boldly expressed, must bo heard and at tended to. On the subject of education, I wish to impress on your minds that it does not necessarily consist in the information gained at schools and colleges. A Ind with good mother wit, having his thought* started right in youth can, and often does, educate himself. What is it to bo edu cated ? "To have a mind well balanced ? able to draw correct conclusions frorr given premises; to know rightly bow tc gain knowledge, and understand with hit own powers." A man thus taught, if ht is unable to Write bit? nume, is educated and for all the main purposes of life ii well educated. To illustrate, I will quot? an extract from a pamphlet publishet over the signature of "Civis :" "Genera Stonewall Jackson, in tho Confederate War, had to halt his Army at a swollei stream, over which his plans demandei he should go by day break to-morrow He at once set his engineers to plan bridge, but knowing a man in his com maud who had great energy and tact, h had him summoned and said to bim, ' must cross this stream by day break tc morrow ; can you get me ?eros??' Aftx a little thought his reply was, 'Genera give me three hundred men, and yo shall cross.' The detail was given, an be went to work. He asked no que tions of engineers; his plan was in h head. In the morning, a little befoi day, he called at Jackson's tent ar mado this verbal report: 'General, tl bridge are ready.' The engineers hi scarcely finished the drawing for tl bridge." Now, here is an instance of a mi who, it is said, could neither write Y name or speak good grammar, yet wi was, in ihe true sense, et teated. Ai he had done it by his own - nergy. Now, let any of our young mon sti out in life to support himself and a lov wife, schooled or not, if he bas the vi in him he will look around bim with : his senses awake, and his eyes wide opt He will be keen io note and prompt adopt any advanced process. He sees neighbor who keeps his horses fat; will soon find out how he does it, a adopt bis plan with his. He Bees anotl that raises fine cotton ; be will soon fi out how he manages, and will adopt plan. Another takes some agricultu journal, and raises more corn to the a than the rest, another more wheat, i other uses improved farm implemei another has more and finer fruit. . these be examines with a keen oyo, t profits by what he observes. He ? probably a neighbor lady who parade beautiful show of Howers ; he at o persuades bis wife to go and see, and likewise. This man will Boon bo try experiments, to see if he can't exce something. And can any of you do but that he will, in a few years, for the purposes of life, be educated, will grow up and prosper? And ho soon have everything around him comfort, as well as the beauties of ture, and please his wife and adorn borne. T could fill my page with the name heroes and statesmen whose names t been made famous by their high noble acts, and who, during their yo had limited schooling, and some non all. Even our great Washington, whom is awarded a world-wide rene had quite a limited English educal Gen. Green, who commanded an n during the Revolution, and who often spoken of as the man who < gresa would appoint commandcr-in-< if Wafihington should be killed, reared in a blacksmith shop till ho grown, with only such schooling a cant hours and winter nights ti fini Schools, and particularly colleges, scarce in that age, and many of tho who made their mark in that great s gie for liberty wera unlearned, in the mon school phrase. To come nearc own time, the name of Andrew Johi of Tennessee, affords the most valt example to the young men of thii that could be selected. He never to school a single day. At 21 he < barely read. He married, and hi? taught bim to write. Poor, and his a tailor, yet he staled ?nd though! became a learned tuan. Starting rn as Mayor of his village, then to the islature, then to Congress, then Gov of Tennessee, then President ol United States. After his term as 1 dent was out, such was the confn I-reposed in him that his State cl j him Senator in Congress. Whi'.e ii I office he died. With a will and i ? veranee many may mske them I learned and honored of all men, wi the aid of a college OT even a * Whatever important proposition present Itself to the young mind, it to the bottom, and to all its rac tiona before you quit it. You will skill in this close examination o subject that will greatly benefit ; sn attack on another. The mon January, Fobruary, March, Octobc vember and December gives to a student 1061 hours of night for study, after de ducting eight boura every night for sleep -equal to G weeks annually, in 5 yeara 7 months, in 10 years 15 months. An in dustrious student could gather much in formation sn that time. To our sisters I have a few words I wish to say. Your simple presence here is a great addition, adds much to our social intercourse. Your presence puri fies and curbs our language, drives away indecency and vulgarity, and is an assur* ance that unworthy persons have no part here. Much ns I desire to promote the welfare of our brothers, I have an in creased desire to elevate the character of our worthy sisters. To tho mothers among us, let me say that you have tho especial responsibility of forming and training your daughters. Impress early on their tender minds moral purity, and as they grow up try to fix in their minds thc beauty uf holiness and deformity of Bin. And while you may ho affording them such schooling to fit them for socie ty and the heads of families, remember that no .education that docs not menu the morals aud improve the heart can prepare thc possessor for thc duties of this life, and particularly for thc still more important duties of a mother. It has been truthfully as well as beautifully said, "There is no work of art which cnn do r." ire honor to the talents and taste of a married woman, or which will comfort her more, than to polish her daughter." And while wives have tr tttend to the mental cultivation of their young chil dren, husbands are generally willing to put the cultivation of the garden too to their departmeut. And for thc easy and successful management of thc garden, I would earnestly recommend "Whites' Gardening for thc South" as an indis pensable heip. He tells you all you need to know on this subject, both what, aud when, and how to do everything that is to be done. And to arrange the gar den for economy, he directs to have a cart way from front to rear, and a four feet walk all round and no others. Then you will see the advantage of planting in rows from front to rear, and tho plow can be used in cultivating the vegetables. There is skill and thought to be exercised in managing the planting to reap tho greatest benefit. Here you nust gcb out of the ruts heretofore followed. For you mi / make every part of the garden bring you two crops, at least, every year. The plan has two advantages-a double crop and the destruction of the seed of the grass and weeds for next year. To show you what you may do, I will tell you what I have done this year. On one part I planted Irish potatoes in March, in April corn in the rows cf po tatoes, and when these rame off sowed the same ground in turnips, and made fair crops of each. On another part I planted early corn a'id beans the last of March, peas between the corn rows in June, and when these came off Bet the bed in cabbagcB. My wife has practiced for years to plant cabbage* among onions and English peas. All the vegetables in general use are taken off by July, except beets, turnips and carrots. Oabbages and turnips may be made a second crop on all the ground where the first crop is taken off by July. To make this plan a success plenty of manure must be ap plied. And by way of caution remem ber that to Eva the first garden was given, and in that she was tempted. Now, when the worms and bugs are dis troying your planto, tele care that you neither say or think "cross words." I have finished what I have lo say, excepr. on ono point, which I consider equal in importance to most others. In the formula of our institution, much stress is laid in recommending to every member to plant fruit trees. Let me urge you all to learn your children to graft and bud, and encourage them as they grow up to plant trees of sonic use ful kind. A taste for planting, taught in early life, will grow into a great pleas ure. To eat the fruit from a tree you have planted is a double gratification. I say to all, plant, plant ! Besides apples, peaches, plums and nears, plan* pecans, walnuts, chesnuts ana scaley-bark hicko ry nuts. Tho nuto of these four last are valuable for food or sale. And all you have to do is to plant them, they ?ill tako care of themselves. To conclude, I hope this hasty sketch may benefit some, improve others, and encourage all of us to renewed energy in carrying on the great work which has such high promise to mend thc hearts and improve the minds of our' whole people. THE USE OF BALLOONS IN WARFARE. -It appeal?, from the report of the re sult of a series of experiments to deter mine the utility of balloons for recon noitering purposes, recently carried on in Germany, and extending over a con sid?renle length of time, that after re peated trials a balloon was constructed that could be packed in a comparatively small spaco, and carried about without being damaged or rendered in any way unfit for immediate use. A second diffi culty arose in providing a portable appa ratus capable of supplying a_ sufficient quantity of gas for the inflation of the balloon whenever and wherever it might be required to uso tim latter. But this impediment was likewise overcome, and an apparatus was designed which could generate, in from two to two and a half hours, enough hydrogen to raise a bal loon carrying thrco persons. Unfortu nately, however, there has been found to bc yet another Obstado in thfl^ way of using balloons for reconnoitering pur j.Dses for which no remedy can as yet bo devised. From the height to which the balloons must ascond useful observations can only be mado by the aid of tele scopes. The balloons must, however, necessarily be "captivo," that is, they must be confined by a iopo and prevent ed from drifting away, perhaps only to fall into tho hands of the enemy ; and it ls found that when thero is the slightest current of air such a captive balloon be gins to rotate about its vertical axis, and this so rapidly as to prevent observations being made with tho necessary accuracy and detail. Consequently the conclusion baa been arrived at that captivo balloons cannot at present be used for reconnoit ering purposes, and that, thercfoie, tho employment of balloons in war must be limited to carryinjr dispatches and Infor mation.- Pall Mill GaxelU. RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION. An Essay Read Before, the Summer Meeting af the State Grange, at Anderson. S. C., on the y?A of August 1877, by W. W. Russell, Master Pomona Grange of An derron County. Having been designated by tbe order to which I belong to deliver an essay ou cheap and rapid railroad transportation, I approach the subject with sincere def erence and with many misgivings. Al ways a subject of the greatest importance, yet recent events have given it a promi nence not soon to bo forgetten or ignored. I do Dot propose in this essay to do more than briefly advert to Ute erigin and in tended use of railways iu .the United States, and to show some of tho abuses which have grown up iu their manage ment, and now call loudly for redress, with some suggestions as to their remedy. It cannot now be questioned that wher ever a railway charter was granted in any of the States of this Union, ic considera tion of the privilege conferred on thc cor poration, there was also an innate and corresponding obligation that said rail road was not to be conducted or managed in such way as to injure and damage the people or property along tho lino of such road. lu other words, whilst it was in nome sense a public corporation, yet it WAH and should bo regulated by that great law of righi-"That uo ono should use their property or privilege to the loss of another." Railroads aro intended and do develop tho resources of the country through which they pasa. Great and in estimable have been the advantage de rived from thc railways established in our State. New enterprises have sprung up, new industries been started, and an al most endless variety of machinery to aid manual labor introduced nineo the old time transportation was Abandoned. And not only a blessing in this way. but has united our people. In fact, it bas done much toward civilizing and Christianizing our country. It has given tte coUeg'.s, echools and churches in every section of tho country; it has caused us to manu facture our cotton at borne, and to-day, within ono day's journey, there aro prob ably not less than ten cotton factories, that aro of great value and do much for .he country nt large, particularly in tho immeaiate vicinity ; it has brought us in contact willi tho world ; it brightens our ideas, and has taught us to study our bus iness closely to keep up with tho truly Sreat and wonderful improvements of the ay. But while all of this is even so, it is like other great enterprises intended for the public good. Certain safeguards and restrictions were not thrown around them at the proper time. Oflicers that control them in many instances aro wholly unfit for the position. Neither the stockholders or the legislative bodies have looked into their management, until they have for gotten their legitimate business, the pur pose for which they are created, and at last it seems a disease, prevalent all over the country. They have boen formed into monopolies, rings and cliques, and I I regret to s*??, unuer thc present manage ment, that many of them aro run in tho interest of tho officers of the company alone, not even the stock or bondholder ever reaping much benefit therefrom. Much of the profits of the rondare, in many instances squandered in large sala ries to bead officials. In some cases that I know of, where roads are not et in pay ing running expenses promptly, thoTVes ident receives an annual salary of $10, 000, General Superintendent $7,000 and one or two of them with a scoro of sub? Superintendents, all of whom receive good pay and do very little work. All of this would not be complained of if the company could even pay running expenses. And again, our railways are (particularly) presided over by old men -perhaps not in years, but in ideas whose time bas passed. They are not equal to the task ; have neither the ener gy or the will to work as younger men would. They live in another age that bas passed, nnd sooner the companies learn this important truth tho better. We all have due respect for old people. We know that our fathers, twenty years ago, were 'living, active men ; kept up with the times. But in tho South especi ally is it true that men over middle ago sinco the late war are not really compe potent to manage public afluir?. It has taken the country fifteen years to learn this leseen, but all are now convinced of the truth of this statement. Many in stances besides railroads have the public interest of tho country suffered by having men too old to keep pace with similar enterprises managed by younger men with maiden ideas. In fact, there are but two companies in thc United States, as far as I can learn, that pay a dividend at all. Of tho many evils complained of by railway managers, and of which we, as a people, feel most, is tho system of railway management in South Carolina, and probably Anderson County bas suffered most in this respect. It really seems that our railway authorities are under the impression, as a people we have no drums upon the road, although we built them and since their completion, sup ?orted them and their array of employees, 'hey have gone on in this wild career until they find, after it is almost too late, that they have not only injured the peo ple of the upper country, but our great and much-beloved city by thc sea. This course bas actually driven away from ber annually, for a year or two back, large amounts of freight which would proper ly belong to this road. What Ls tho re Bult of such suicidal railway manage ment? First it bas caused our merchants in Anderson and other upper country towns to seek other markets than Charles ton, and to-day we find goods coming from tho Western markets to points along thc Air Line Road and being transported by ?Tfijvas herc cheaper than either th* Blue Ridge or Greenville and Columbia will carry t'.icm. We find oar city by the sen, that wo have great cause to be proud of, sinking slowly but surely. We see ber best business men suspending. Men, if facilities were offered, who would keep up her reputation as one of the greatest cities in the United States. We come home, wo find our business men ats per fect stand still, our weaker merchants going under. We seo the people who prefer to trade at boroo leave in solid col umn wita i?.??? baies of cotton for Green I ville and other points along the Air Lin? Road. We see even mote than this. Our railway, built with our own bandi and by dur hard earnings, unable to pay expenses. We see, again, her roiling mock after the most ancient fashion, standing idle for want of work. We se? them actually decaying in the yards. Yet with ali of these facts and still more, they dony tho charge of mismanagement, These roads run through a country thal is prosperous-that each year will import more, export more, and yet we soo bei going down, down. down. There must be some mismanagement somewhere, and strange that all tho people of the State, of whatever profession or avocation they ! may be, bcliovo they see the wrong, and have repeatedly said so, still they persist in such management. Can wc bntaay that they aro notonly blind to individual inter cat, but public also ? Even the anny of era ployces, as a rule, are disposed to bo self ish and very unnccomodatliig, and while they might do a great deal toward reme dying these evils, they are afraid to speak lost they lose their position. Nor does these evils only exist in South Carolina, it extends all over tho United Statut, everywhere all over tho United States. We near the voices of the lawyer, doctor, merchant, mechanic aud farmer, saying oppression, and yet until recently have any of the States through ita legislature pa??Scdjnuy act i emulating railway manage ment. The Legislature of Illinois was the first to .move ott in this line. Tom Scott, (the RaUroad King,) said it should not be so, and appealed to the highest tribunal in the laud for redress, but the Bupvamn C'Clift SV5"t* 1 BCfi fini /I m> ? u j ij ti nf the courts of Illinois, and for the first time in the history of railroads in this country bas there ever been a single road placed under legal restrictions. Hence the railroad managers have gonoon from time to time, taking ono liberty and then another, until recently in some instances they have controlled tue politics of differ ent States, but, by dishonest measures, they have managed to elect to oinco men of either political party, (so they have railroad men,) and tn this way get appro Enations of large ?juras of money only to o squandered. Our State has antlered from some of these largo appropriations, and to-day our Legislature is looking around to soe if some plan can be devised to evade payment. Tho railroad man agers aro a shrewd set of men, end you will always find thom lurking around the Legislatures while in session, watching every movement, ready to improvo any and all opportunities that may ofter. They proceed in this way. First, they distribute to all tho members of tho Cou eral Assembly, that will accept thom, free passes over their roads. Yes, they don't even atop there, the Governors and all the judiciary from tho highest to tho low cat. The editors of all newspapers and their agenta are numbered among tho "deadheads," and some instances it even extends to county officials. While all of this is a right they have no one pretends to deny, yet it Ls done for a purpose, and has its effect too. We don't pretend to say for a moment, that any person, whether State official or otherwise are particularly influenced by these passes. Vet, we all know that under such circum stances, any of us would feel somewhat under obligations to parties favoring UB in that line,und therefore, would not hes itate to take decided action, only in ex tremo measures. This is one of tho chief canses among many, why railways have never been subjected to legal restric tions. LOCAL. AND THROUGH FREIGHTS. In the list of wrongs undor this head may be mentioned tho uncertainty ol thc time of delivery. When reshipments are to be made, small lois of gooda arc often switched off at way stations and de layed without justification. There is nc redress unless nt an expense greater thar tho cost of goods. To illustrate, ono ol my friends ordered a small package from a stone manufactory, thu money accom panied tho order, and ho held in his poe session a biii of lading which was correct The goods did not como for some time After weoks of delay, it was fount switched off at a bank station. A not he instance a C. O. D. package to mysel ?.<>?..-. il 1,70 ; charges *1.50; and I hole here in my hand a bill of gooda trans ported from Louisville tc Greenville, 70( mile's, at a cost of $22.15 ; from Green ville to Anderson, thirty miles, the cos is $19.60. But to illustrate this poiri fully and show the inequality bctweei local and through rates, I will sive yoi an instance of oppression and" wrong which happened in tho State of Nei York a year or two since. Several fai mers, living in the Chcunoy Valley, nea Elmira, were ongaged in feeding steei for the New York n.i.-kct. They bough Western steers at the stock yards, i Buffalo, 140 miles distant. After ieee ing them six months, they were fitted fe Bale in New York, 260 miles further or Thia velicy being os the direct rout from New York to Buffalo. The frcigl rates were raised from time to timo o tho local shipments, so that it actual! cost them aa much to bring the stee: from Buffalo to Elmira, 140 miles, as would to transport them to Now xor] 260 further. To obtain transportatic with less risk of -robbery, these farine learned the trick of shipping to Ne York, with permission to take the catt . off at Elmira to recruit, but paying ele through to New York. Of course. wh< they took off these cattle, they did n put them on again. When tho rail wi managers found out the fact, (these pc sons actually paid throngh racts mere to get cheaper local rates.) they refus< to allow the cattle to be taken c'T at E mira, althoi.uS they were paid clo through. Ai '.iie result, these fanni were forced to abandon their special bi iness and devote their land to grai dairying or sheep husbandry. This not all. These same steers, when trar ported from Elmira to New York, wc subjected to additional charges, mc than it would cost to carry them frc Chicago to New York, 900 miles. Wi 1 such burdens imposed it is easy to e that these farmers could not compete st ccssfully with others two or three tin aa far from market. Si m liar burdens are placed upon nu . ufacturing industries. Not far fri 1 .Elmira is a glass factory, which distr ute? its goodia*chiefly in Chicago, dilti ' a little over 600 miles, by a direct li: < It is compelled to ship its brittle wa to New York, paying local rates, in on to get the benefit from New York through freights. So tho goods actua i take 600 mues more of transportai returning by the same line by wh: they were first shipped and right by I ' factory from which they were first stn ed, having already been carried aim thc full distance that direct ahipm TO'.?ld G?pkf" and tbn trip from tho i . tory to Chicago yet to ma?e. Therefc . we see plainly that the coi manies hi I been forced to make exorbitant sh . rates to repay loss on through freigl i In fact, nearly all through freights > carried at actual loss, less than any cc < pany can live at, and hence they t i this advantage of the least suspicious i ' watchful shipper and tax him to m i up' this loss. This evil must be corred > Although the companies have all ngr upon rates, yet all the roads give ' ohicwd shipp?TA PpCci?? ? nica* xx out? i and not over scrupulous shipper will > tain rates by special and private conti i that give him the great advantage of ' shrewd dealers, and besides tho lo ; rates obtained be will get permissioi , load his car with from 25,000 to 30, i pounds, in some cases paying by tho . Toad, which is rated at 16.000 poul , By such means the railway managers , courage trickery, double dealing > damaging dishonesty. Public into ; becomes demoralized, and hence . stealing and misappropriation of rece \ which render railway stocks among I most doubtful of securities, and threi , the tenure by which the vested right ' the road aro held. I The question now is, how may tl ; evils bo corrected without doing o ; violence instead. There are two wa; ? first, by wise management on the par . the roads giving equal privileges and ? rates to all, without concession to fa ?tes or reduction to shippers who have the present advantage of sharp strife by competing lines ; in other words, by a turill' KU adjusted that all : gular trafile shall give fair profits to the road and nothing more. The second way is to put the management of thc road under legal restrictions-"Thus far and no fumier shalt thou go." Wc shudder at the ter rible outgrowth of mismanagement of four of tho great trunk lines leading east to west. They aro now reaping tho whirlwind of bad seed ?own, and for a time tho strike looked as if it might spread into this country. Tho strikes have convulsed tho whole country, nnd the State governments have proven pow erless to suppress tho rioters, an? were compelled t?* cull on tho United States j for assistance. Thc destruction of mil-1 lions of property, thc demoralization of the country through which they poss, tlie animosity engendered between employer ! and employees, will take Homo time lo j obliterate. The whole country suffered and will suffer yot. Busiucss, especially in nomo of our larger cities, both East and West, boa be- j come partially paralyzed. If all of these roads had been ui.der legal restriction, I have no idea that ouch au outbreak would bavo ever occurred. Very many of our best tucu have anticipated something of tho kind, and. tho citizens of New York have insisted for years that thc Legisla ture should regulate railway manage ment. QUICK AND BAPID TRANSIT. lu this particular South Carolina is far behind other sections. The only thing there can bo said is, wo can ride longer in point of* time for u stated sum of mouoy than on any road in the United States, and yet the first and longest rail road nt that time in tho world was thc South Carolina Railroad, from Charles ton to Hamburg, and, strange to say, the persons inaugurating and proposing to construct this road did not kuow that a railroad could be built on thc ground, but actually constructed tho .cutiro line on trcstlework, starting from Charleston about three feet above tho ground. Mr. Black, the first President, must have been a most sanguino person, for in bis report he states that he has every reason to be lieve that tho trip from Charleston to Hamburg could und would be made in two days, and to assure biB passengers he promises a good and comfortable im, about midway, und he confidently asserts that tho passengers will amount to at least ten each way. Well, tho time has been shortened, and sometimes a very large increase of passenger.-; over tho ten predicted, but how is it now ? I ask tho question : How far above ten paying pas sengers pass over that road each and every day and night? She was in the "van" then, but we find her receding. Yet it is claimed that ut all times has the road been presided over by able and com petent men. With all this wo find our railways from the upper country to Charleston in a bad condition, with old and time-honored relics, as passenger coaches, in some instances, run upon the old flange iron, tho first evor usea in the construction nf the. road-. Until very re cently our railroad authorities ?-.cerned to know nothing of offering excursion trains at very reduced rates, and tho lesson bad to bo taught by a colored mau of Colum bia, who chartered a train and ruu them tho round trip for fivo dollars, which proved a success and puid tho party something handsome, ana hence a lesson, if practiced, not only in passage fare, but in all things, would increase shipping, start new enterprises, ?Ste. To illustrate : There aro now'somo poultry, somo but ter, tallow, beeswaxj r?g<>, ?Ste., shipped. Now, reverso tho thing. Let the railroad managers reduce the tariff on these small articles to the lowest point, put their trains through to market in snorter time, and you will see that there are men in our midst who will begin nt once to buy up all these things, our country mer chants will toko them in exchange for goods, there will be men who will buy up all the refuse of the farm, pieces of old iron, rope, &c, and begin to ship them ; others will dress poultry and ship. In fact thero will bc many little enterprises started which will give lifo to trude and furnish work for tho road. Who will be benefittod by this chango? First, tho producer, thou tho local dealer and last, though not least, it will greatly benefit the railroad. Under such management aa wo now have, ono thousand years ?lenee will find us in the same condition. Thu furiuer v ill aim rely entirely UpOU tho corn crib and cotton patch for a sup port. Tho chango is demanded. The country demand it, the people demand it. The railways themselves demand it. Then let us have new life infused into every branch of industry, build up our country, our people, our railroads, keep pace with this fast agc, and not let it be said of old South Carolina, as has been oaid, one hundred years behind. What we need to both benefit the companies and the patrons of tho road, is to give us reasonable passage faro and a great re duction in local rates. This will not only benefit the road by an increase of busi ness, but it will build up new enterprises ail over thc country. Charleston will take her stand again, Anderson wiii vie successfully with Greenville or other villages, and very soon with fair dealings, wiso management and a just considera tion for those who feed tho road, the company will !*.oou bo ablo to supply first class coaches and substitute new rails for tho old (lange, and last, but not least, this coi /.taut, quick and cheap transportation will lead to the people, tho seaboard and the mountains becoming moro acquainted with each other, and it might happen that tho hearty, beautiful, buxom girl of f mountain, would entice tho graceful 1 polished beaux of the city into mat rimony, thereby certainly improving thc coming generation in physique and come liness, and if anything can accomplish it, allaying aud softening any hard feelings which nave been Oi uta.} ir? v.. 'tuv??.vu hereafter. MEANINO OF AMEN.-A correspond ent, writing from Lacon, Ul., sends the following anecdote of a boy's attempt at defining : During thc last winter there was a re ligious interest at Varna, 111. The pastoi of tho Methodist church, tho Rev. Mr. Deming, was in the habit of holding daily a children's meeting, at which the boys and girls stopped for a few moment* on their way from school. In order tc interest and instruct the children, tlie Sastor presented a vsriety of topics. One ay he asked the meaning of "Amen." No one answered. "Yon have often," said tho clergyman, "heard the brethren say 'Arnon I Amen 1' while oomo ?-no was praying. What did they mean 7 If auy uuu knows !"t him hold up his hand." Up jumped a little fellow, so cager tc answer as not to wait for recognition. "1 know 1" he called out. "It means hurry up and get through I" Thero was an audible smile, and many of the elders, wo have no doubt, felt thal tho definition would be very useful if il could beKencrilly accepted, and "Amen'1 used to shorten long prayers. - Why is "naming tho day" Uko s naval battlo? Because it's a marry-timc engagement. _:_,_ THE LEE MONUMENT. The Uall ot White Sulphur Springs tu secure Funds for the Bronze Statue -JlrilMruit Assemblages. As has already been announced, the ball at tho Greenbrier White Sulphur Springs on Wednesday evening, fo-- the benefit of tho fund now being raved for the erection of a bronze statue of the late Gen. Robert E. Leo, in Capitol Square, Rich' >ond, Va., was a complete success. Tho railroads having issued excursion ticket? nt half rates for this ball, Rich mond, Baltimore and Washington poured in a crowd of pleasure-seekers until there was no room tor an additional stranger. Not only all available room in the hotel and cottage? was occupied, but the church and all tho halls were Oiled with cots, where the unlocated visitor found a place to sleep. The Now York Ifcrald'a correspondent telegraphed tho f> Mowing account of the brilliant adair during its progress : To-niptht will long he remembered by tho habitues of tho White Sulphur Springs. Every where wss presented a Keene of hustling animation and spark ling gnyety. Tho large ball room was fourni inad?quate to accommodate the throng of dancers, nnd thc dining room is being used in addition for the purposes of tho ball. Thc dilling room ?B 300 feet in length und 140 feet iu width, and yet this immeusc hall is crowded, while three bands from Baltimore, Richmond and Wheeling, respectively, inspired the gal lunt beaux and merry belles to go on with tho danco, wbtl? joy ?B wholly uns confined. At tho ends of the room are largo reflectors, something after the order of locomotivo headlights, and the bril liant reflections of the lights, together with the sparkling of gems as they pale in dimness in contrast with the more brilliant lustro of love-speaking eyes, im press thc beholder with tho fancy that ho is reveling in some ideal dream of that distant Alden whither our lost Lenores have all flown. There is nothing vulgar or shoddy-like in all this ?inmenso crowd, but everything wears an nir of refined ?entility. Here are Senators, Governors, udges, Congressmen (te?erais, Colonels and Majors and CV pt ai ns without num ber. Hero aro brokera, baukors, mer chants, plant?is and representatives of all classes ff the best society io bo found in the North, East, South and West. Here are staid mid handsome matrons, tho wives and widows of those who stand or have stood high in tho social world, joining in tho promenade on tho long piazza, wliile tu tho ball room are the unaffected daughters, seemingly uncon scious of the magnetism of ffielr charms, Just at this point, aatheev*?r-cbatigiug scenes of this" fairy-like panorama arc presented, ?B seen passing an elderly gen tleman whoso snowy locks, in contrae! with the rosy hue of the maiden leaning upon his arm, suggest tho sobriquet ol winter and Bummer. A little to one side, as she ?ianda surrounded by balfe score of attentive listeners and ardent ad mirers, is observed the faco of a ladj which would attract attention and ebal j---- admiration :2 cro"?< 'vu. finely chisseled features, tho bright com plexion, thc sparkling eyes and the luxu riant dark hair gracefully combed bael in gentle waves, reveal tho faco of Mrs Governor Bickens, of South Carolina Her maiden name was Holcome, a ia mous Virginia family, but she is a nativi of Texas, aud her husband was much he; senior in years. It is said that wh?i Governor Bickens made proposals o marriage to the Texaa belle she accept?e on condition that he should secure i foreign mission. Soon aller this he wa appointed Minister to Russia, and. tra to her promise, she married him, aud th bridal trip was taken to St. Petersburg where a few years' honeymoon waa en joyed at the court of the Czar. She is dressed in black moire, squar corsage, court train, overdress of point d Bruxelles lace and diamond jewelry, nm looks os radiantly beautiful as in tao da; when she gave her youthful love to Cai dina's famous Governor. Her daughtei Miss Douschkn Bickens, a charmin ?oung lady of 18, was born ut St. Peten urg during her parents' sojourn there and her Russian name signifies "M Darling." She ?B dressed in a lovel white silk, trimmed with white failli number of email flounces, lemon-cqlorc point do soie reaching thc corsage, loor, mgs of black velvet and crimson rose pearl jewels. Mm. Judge Bacon, a datightor of uo> Bickens by his first marriage, liosa haue some toilette of mink-colored gros grai silk, elaborately garnished with Foil d'Alencon lace and black velvet, jewel rubies and atone cameos. Hero is another matron, a former bel of tho West Borne twenty years ago, Mr T. T. Shrevo, of Louisville, whose maidc name was Belle Sheridan, and travele on the Mississippi River will remen ber an elegant steamer of that name, tl namesake of KcratucrVs bullo, who hi tho reputation of being the hnndson-'. woman in the world. Her toilette 5 i dress of black Brussels laco over whi silk and diamond ornaments. ?? daughter, Miss Mattie Bolle Shrov wears a princess robe of pale green ail trimmed with white lace and garlands snowballs and roses. Mrs. D. P. Faulds, a sister of M: Shrove, wears a costume of rich bhv laco, over black satin, and diamond jo dry. Mrs. James Thayer, the wife Congressman Thayer, of New York, dressed4n lilac silk, trimmed elaborate with point lace and diamond ornnmen Mrs. Gov. G. C. Walker, one of the mi , popular ladies at the springs, is dress in a rose-colored silk, trimmed wi plaiting* of the materials, garniture white pond lilies and lilac, diamond < naments and powdci-aKl .hair. Mrs. Maj Dreury, of Chartas City. Va., in i maiden days a popular belle nt the Wh ; Sulphur, ia dressed in pink silk, rici 1 tn m m eu w: u itiuge wu wnii i*?i>, i. mond ornaments and hair puffed. Mrs. Col. Delaplaine, of Wheeling, t ' wife of the officer who quelled tho r > along the Baltimore and Ohio Road, v < dressed in a light blue embroidered ri trimmed with lace fringe and flowc and diamond jewelry. Miss Mini ' Johnson, of Philadelphia, one of ! most distinguished looking beauties ; the springs, is richly attired in oren > colored silk, with tabler and corsage 1 gage d'Orient and Venetian po's-t giri . with jessamine and moss rose buds e ' duchesse. Miss Harrison, of James Ri\ ? a lineal descendant of an ex-Prcaide with her rory face and laughing b eyes, bears the palm for beauty, wi . the winning manners of Miss ' lion Pc of Kentucky, have for throe supoess 1 seasons retained her popular hold u] 1 lue beaux. Shortly after tho death of Geh. I I the General Assembly of Virginia inc i po ra tod the Lee Monument Asooclati i which was authorized to make collect! and receive subscriptions for tin- eu et ' of a monument in memory of il?l? 0 I federate General, with power t<> m ell < and hold lands in tho city oi li ihotf ' or contignous thereto, to be.nniiy same, un which to erect a m<- :i nc?! Gen. Lee and other Sontherr. .-..Miers i distinction. The board of ?iiu?jfc i composed of the Governor, tho Audi and Treasurer of the State, have the rr -fyi ?????..?? .-v^1? ?mi wurr nuunari?a ?nd herewith append the rate?.tor ihe ordlu.jr nou?e?,, -nsiea mw onijr M inserted whsn th? money comes with 'be ordert Citations, two iuserU.^s, - . - - 13-00 JQJ$&RMPflMpMXrii.~?* order to receive attention, communications must be accompanied hy tho true name and address of tho writor. Re jected manuscripts will not be returned, unless the nece?is ry ?tamps are furnished to repay thc postage thereon. ?ar- We are not responsible for th> views and opinions of our correspondents. All comraunleaUc?Bshould b.. addressed ?^"Ed itors Intelligencer" and nil checks, dran?, money order?. Ac., should be tnndo pt." able to the order of KR MURRAY A CO., ter in charge, anrl have advertised for proposals for an equestrian'statue of Lee, to DO located In the Capitol Square ut Riohmonu. The models, ?Sec., will be opened on the first Monday in Septem ber for inspection, and on the third Mon day the proposals will bo opened and considered, and three days thereafter the award will be made, unlesi, in accord with the privilege reserved, each and all shall be rejected. I am informed by Col. S. Bassett French, the Secretary of the Board of Managers, that he has al ready received advice that soveral riedels r.re now ready to be shipped to his order. Every precaution will be taken to se cure perfect and absolute impartiality, and the artists' names will not be made known to the public or arbitrator; Mitti their conclusion shall have been ;?<? uhed and confirmed or rejected by the board of managers. Over ono thousaud persons aro on the floor, and tho dresses and jewelry of the ladies are superb, and surpass anything of the sort ever witnessed here, not even excepting the great Peabody ball in 1869. It is estimated that the managers of tho ball will realise about $5,000 as the pro ceeds of thc ball, which will be turued over to thc board. Among the gentlemen and ladies par ticipating in the festivities are many of fame and reputation both North and South. Soldiers and civilians, mer chants, planters, bankers and profession al men aro here in great numbers. Col. Wilson, of the Pittsburg round house fame, represents the volunteers of the North, while men of every profession, in dustry and commerco attest by ttiei* }>resenco that this is no sectional affair, t is needless to say that the South is large'v in the ascendancy where a tribute is to bo paid to Lee. Genoral Nows Summary. - The long struggle over the question whether the Permanent exhibibition at Philadelphia shall be opened on Sunday is finally ended by a decision in tho af firmative. - Tho strikes in tho coal-mining re gions of Pennsylvania aro being compro mised, and a majority of tho mines are now working. A portion of the federal soldiers arc still stationed at disputed points among tho mines and on the rc.il I roads, but tho rule is that order is re I established and peace reigns. - So far from being dangerously sick with cancer in the stomach, Senator David Davis protests that he was never better in his life. Nobody seems to know how tho report of his illness got started, ^ but has given the Judge a chance to find out what people think: of him, most of the papers having concluded that hiB re ported disease presaged his early death, and expressed their opinion of him as of a man whose career was over. He will find the comments generally quite agree able reading. - Thu Canadians are a good deal dis turbed and somewhat surprised at their prospects of getting little or nothing from tho arbitration on tho fisheries question between them and the United States, now hanrinrr the 0888 St WnlifnT Th?-Y tDSlrfJ very great claims, indeed, but the United States nay the Canadians bare really got tho best of the bargain, aud give good evidence of it, too, and as the arbiters must bo unanimous in giving damages to Canada, tue chance for a bc.-.vy aw?id is not very cheering. - Whiskey-Thiel* Joyce at last gets out of jail, the United States district court having decided against the legality of the "cumulative sentences" passed upon him, and decreed his release, be cause he has already served cut his sen tence on tho single Judgment which could bo legally indicted. His discharge was conditioned upon his giving bail to an swer on appeal w hieb tho district-attorney took to the United States circuit coiirt. but there is no likelihood that he will over be sent back to jail again. - We infer that Secretary Schurz is not holp!n? Donn Pistn ont on the quick silver mine controversy from California, for which he ia an attorney. It pains Donn to discover, at last that Schurz has "no moro principles than Artemus Ward's showman." There seems to be a general agreement jest now among the parlia mentary attorneys, which is the elegant eynooym for lobbyists, the displaced office-holders, the waiting office-seekers, and the old political war-horses who find themselves, to their great astonishment, on tho outside ci thc government stables, chat Cari is a bad man, and that he mujt be put out of President Hayes' adminis tration, if it is going to be "a popular success." - The action of the constitutional convention in Georgia on the question of the debt is liable to misconstruction. The convention simply ratifies and con firms previous acts of the Legislature and cf the people at the polls in repudi ating tho so-called Bullock bonds, amounting to some $6,090,000, which were tainted from the first, and which were undoubtedly fraudulently issued and misspent. The remaining debt of the State, amounting to somo $10,000,000. was insured in behalf <n railroads, and is not an entirely unproductive invest ment, though largely so. Tho railroads aro being forcclosecV upon and sold to meet this debt, and it; will undoubtedly bo paid in full from this and other sources. The ? bonds of the recognized debt are quoted at from 99 to 108, accord ing as they pay 6 or 7 per cent. - Senator Morton has returned home from his California and Oregon trip, and the public is for the first time informed that ho suffered a stroke of paralysis in San Francisco Sunday week, which threatened his life during ihe Journey back. It appears to bo a casa of motor Sralysis, the left arm only being thus r affected, but even this renders him helpless, as ho bas only been able to walk by the use of canes, while there ls, of. conree, the constant danger of further and L.4?^>U- 7?..--. -ilk tl.? indominablo pluck of the Indiana Sena tor, it ia hard to see bow bo can triumph over th?B added disability, and it is prob ably safe to regard his political career an practically ended. It k the meet fortu nate timo for such an ?rent, both to bim and tho couutry ; he conld bardly expect to secure a! re-election, and the-new era upon which wo are entering is one which he has proved' himself nnablo to ?von , comprehend. " _Jgj> 2!=isD CCrtiirtlw mnnaeed his Stale" Convention in Maino wifib great shrewdness. It was a success so far as the immediate object be had in view was concerned. Ho condomned and insulted tho administration under a thin pretense of neutrality and harmony, and denied its friends and defenders either an oppor tunity for getting a vote or & chance ihr boltirur. It ia somothing, however^ to seo a voice raised against "als leadersnip In a, Maine Conventions-even" if tho cbiof result waa only another exhibition of his clever capacity for perverting and suppressing lt But outside of Maine, at leasts theJ-e will be no mistaking tho plat form of tho coavcnUcr- Tho thin guiso of phrase only makes itt .opposition to Hayes and his policies .tho moro signifi cant and insulting ; waa Gor. Connor will riot be ablo to make his fcllow-rc Eublicans of tho notion underst/md that e k running ss an/tiling bilton anti* administration candidate.