Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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Ad v'ertMng by contract must be confined to the lin ..u -lisle bu?lnessof the firm or indlridoal contiac obituary Notices exceeding fire lines, Tributes if Bwpecti scd all personal comniiinlratinns or in Utera of individual interest, will be cliargtd for I idrcrtialDS r?iiS* AnnfiMnrpnipnt* nf niarria^pj ind deaths, and notices of? religious character,ara r ,|M ctfullr solicited, and will bo inserted gratis COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS. An E**ay Read liff ore thc State Grunge ut Anderton, S. C.. August 'Jth, 1877, bu Cot. 2'homas Taylor, Pr?sidait of the State Agricultural and Mechanical Association. Since tho enrly settlement of thia Con tinent thc products of thc aoil huve heen the basia upon which our prosperity reste. Wo ure an agricultural people, and re quire peace and quiet for thc pursuit of agriculture. Originally, tho natural fer tility of the soil was very great; the tiin bcr was cut dowu and destroyed to ena ble thc farmer to grow those p:-jducte which fed and clothed the people of thia country and a large portion of the people -af thc world. The jystom pursued by tlic farmers was to cut down tho timber and plant thc same crop yearly without any rest to thc laud, until it became al most unproductive ; then they turned their attention to clearing more land, and the .same ruinous Bystem was pursued until thc whole country was cleared and ex hausted in what arc known as the old settled States of this Continent. So soou as this system of cultivation had exhaus ted th?'most productivo land in South Carolina, our people began moving to new States, which were represented as moro fertile, when the same system of planting and cultivating was pursued, until they, too, became exhausted to a great degree. It is apparent to us all that thc result must bo tho samo BO long aa this system of agriculture prevails. Peac?1 "id quiet reigned over the land for almost a century ; then carno about a sectional trouble, which upset our State government and changed our system of labor. It then became necessary to re sort to a different plan and mode of pre paration to make thc products upon thc exhausted lands pay the producer. How was this condition of things to bc re lieved? That was thc question to the farmers. Ho felt very little disposed to make an effort with almost a certainty of failure. Still, something must be done to enable'him to support and educate hts children. It was impossible to make enough manure on his farm to supply to tho exhausted land what tho plant re quired, and he felt disheartened at the prospect. Thc itrpro?ement in agricultural im plements had been very great, and he naturally turned his attention to supply ing this defect in n measure by ploughing and better culture. Ia some instances this proved successful; in most cases it was ruinous to tho land, burying what little soil was left in tho land to such a depth that the plant could not reach it to make use of it; for observation proves that the plant does not penetrate beyond a certain depth to find and take up its nourishment; thus thc land became less productive than before. A few j'ears ago the whole country went wild upon result? of experiment? by Mr. Dixon, of Georgia, and without cal culating the effect of deep ploughing upon tho different grades of soil that ex ists in each Slate, many planters adopted the plan laid down by Mr. Dixon for all soils ; they made many failures, de nounced improved implements and deep ploughing, and went back to thc old ?hovel plough without knowing why they had failed. A friend of mino had a plantation on which be thought Dixon's ploughing and '.ulturc would produco similar results. He read Mr. Dixon's articles with great care and Attention ; he bouirht the mules and ploughs, and he plouglieJ and sub soiled until lie could almost sec the glit ter of gold with each fu:?ow the plough turned. He had bis land ploughed and harrowed and ready for thc seed before his neighbor commenced work. About this timo his neighbor, who had the same kind of soil, thrashed down his cotton and corn stalks, and with the old short shovel plough reversed thc old beds and planted his crop. My friend, whose place looked like a garden, could not but feel a pity for the failure that was ahead for his neighbor. Bothcrops were plan ted, and both came up. My friend's heart went out in sympathy over the feeble effort made by his neighbor. But lo ! tho neighbor's crop soon passed his in size, and continued to do so up to har vesting. Tho result of harvest was still greater than between tho growth and fruiting ; and he, disgusted with im proved implements, went back to the old shoveVplough, and pronounced Dixon a humbug. Herc is a case where all thc bearings were not taken into considera tion. My friend attempted to accom plish ir. ono year what Mr. Dixon had taken probably five years to do, turning the land shallow at first, and increasing the depth gradually, by which means he preserved what there was of soil left upon tho land for tho UBO of the plant. The success of the farmer has been the result of experiment, and not of knowl edge ; and so long as wo work in the dark no specified result can be certain. It is self ovident that all land must be ploughed, but how should it be ploughed depends upon the character of the soil. Sandy soil should be ploughed shallow first ; it may be subsoiled to any depth, and the ploughing may be deepened each year without injury to land or crop. Clay and bottom land can be ploughed deeper, following with the subsoil, and increasing the depth in ploughing yearly. AH land yhould be ploughed in the fall and winter, and get tho uenefit of frost and ice ; land gets a great deal of fructi fying power from icc and frost. We now have exhausted laud and improved im plements which enables us to prepare the land thoroughly for tho seed. We need something more. We get that in the commercial manures, which supply to thc plant those chemical properties which have been exhausted by long culture and ?milfl?rMmia nmnuirpmpnt "We now have land and implements, but wc need something to make tho land productive to a sufficient degree to pay thc producer. We find underlying somo of trie land aud waters in tho lower part of the State a phosphatic deposit, which, upon being ground and rendered soluble, forms the basis of a manure, which sup [>lies to lands those properties which have >een exhausted. These mixtures, known as commercial manures, hav<^ become generally used, and havo even, with our experimental applications, paid tho pro ducer in some instances. The vast source of Trcalth to thc State and farmer seems to be providential, and is *the means by which wo will bc enabled to recover our losses in a great measure. If the farmers had known how to make proper use of this discovery, their lands would have improved yearly, instead of failing, after repealed applications of fertilizers. It ?B almost tho universal system of the fanner to apply the cotton seed, with its increa?? by tho uso of commercial manure, to f jmo other exhausted land, instead of re turning rho same to tho land that made it. Thoreby they render the land lesa productivo each year, after the first or second application. This system will not build up our exhausted landB, but have tho reverse effect. Tho rotation of crops in some degree removes the difficulty, but oven that will not effect it entirely. You must return all the increased pro duction of an aero of land, which is used as manure, to thu samo land, and not ?1 tcmpt to build up two pieces of laud with tho production of one. No land I can stand auch depletion and pay the producer. The best evidence of the fer tility of our lands is that they have been able to stand such a system of culture and produce anything. 'I have traveled ovc some of the best farming landa in the Northwest, tho New England and Middle States. The samo system would and did, for a time, render these lands very poor. The owners, however, saw the error of their culture, and adopted a system of rotation-planting a piece of lund once in three years, sowing grass and lin.eing. What was the result.' Their lands increased in yield steadily until they surpassed their virgin state. The same thing can he done here, with equal success, by a rotation of crops sowing peas and clover and turning in the same. Do not Like these from the land because they look so fine and you are short of rough food for your mules and cattle. The natural fertility of our lands cannot bc disputed. No State lias more natural advantages than South Car olina. We can grow all the crops that arc grown on the Continent, from tho olive and banana down to the most sub stantial need? of a people. Where can we find such an Eden ? Yet, with these natural advantages, we are poor. Gen tlemen, the remedy is within our reach. First, we must settle in our minds that we will stay where we are. There is no better place to move to. and then we must work in the constitution of the land. The laud holds the power to pre pare the food for the plant, but you have to put thc material into it, just as you supply the stomach with food, which is then churned up and distributed to make blood, bone and muscle. How is tho fertilizer to be used with the largest result to the farmer? Is it by applying large quantities to the acre? I emphatically say, no. You require only what tho laud will utilizo for the plant to consume, and all over that sup ply is wasted for that year, and I think is lost to the farmer. How will you a3 certaiu the quanity thc ?and will enable the plant to use? Up to this time that has been experimental and calculated by the result obtained. In some instances it has been remunerative, in others the reverse. I assert, without fear of contra diction, that fertilizers cannot be used successfully without ascertaining first, what the land has been exhausted of; second, what quantity of fertilizer the land will enable the plant to consume. This can bo obtained only by analysis. This would be expensive to the farmers singly, but not co as a whole. There is one tact to bc kept in mind. Thc consti tutional tone of thc land must bc parti ally restored before you can reap large 1 results from the use of fertilizers. Land j that will produce GOO pounds of seed cot ton without the aid of fertilizers will cer tainly produce from one-third to one-half ! more by their use. It may double the ?'ieid. That, however, would" bs toe argo an estimate as a general rule. I have had, with tho application of 200 I pounds of Pacific guano, on river land, a yield of 1,200 and"i,500 pounds per acre of seed cotton, which diu not yield more than 500 to 600 pounds without it. I have also had the same result from the Etiwan, both beating Peruvian guano. This land, however, seemed particularly adapted to the application of fertilizers, and the crop bas never fallen back in the past lour years." These lands were cleared by tue Indian, before the white man settled th; country. The manner and mode ot applying fertilizers is very uniform ; it is sowed in a deep furrow and tho dirt lapped upon it-the cotton being planted upon the top of the bed. Sometimes a seconr.. application is made after the cotton is thinned to a stand by running a furrow close to the cotton, sowing the fertilizer and throwing a furrow upon it. This second application gives a new impetus to the plant, and goes far to perfecting ita fruit if there is enough vitality in the land to give sustenance to the plant for so long a time. There is very often visi ble in the month of August upon the cot ton what is called rust by many, farmers. The leaves decay and drop otf and the plant dies. I say it is not ruBt in mc . cases, but proceeds from the soil being unable to supply food any longer, the fertilizer having exhausted all the vitali ty that was in tho land for that crop. The cotton had attained a good size, well fruited, all opened and picked early in September. It may bo said by some that preaching and practice are two different things. I admit that you may preach a'ways, but unless we practice we cannot expect to cure the land of poverty. The longer thc land is without medicine and food fov the filant, the moro difficult will be the task of building it up. There is no time, like tho present to begin with the remedy. PLANTATION ENGINES. An Essay Read Before the Summer Meeting of Hie. State Grange at Anderson. S C.. on the 0th of August 1877, by Richard Tozer, Esq., of Columbia, Vice President of the State Agriadtural Society. Within the last 100 years steam has been used for almost every purpose where a power has been required. No motive power known to nn.u is equal to it. Engines of every form and size have been made and used. It has aided man kind in spreading civilization and Chris tianity to. the most remote part of tho known world, and without it tho com merce of tho world would be brought to a standstill. The plantation engine may bo said to date from 1849, when Mr. Wm. Libby, of Charleston, built tho first plan tation engine that we have any record of, and wa? used on a rice plantation on the Cambabee River. Previous to the war u i_ *t.~ c.'?-? ?u : - _!_ - C _- ! UUknWH ?uv .^...n..., ?uto lilOM ut V n r, 11 . was unknown in the upper part of thia State, but the change in our labor system compelled our planters to adopt labor saving machinery, wherever it could bo adopted. And I know of no oiacbihcry that has responded more profitably to the farmer than tho steam engine. No in vestment will pay a better interest for the amount jnvested. To gin cotton with horse power, it takes four good horses to run a fifty-saw gin, and if they turn out four bales p*x day they are do ing pretty well. It '^osto about $2.50 per day to feed this stock. A good six-horse .?.nina ia rnr-.aliln nf rn n ii in or tim fift,V-R?W gins, and if" tho gins are in good order they should turn out from ten to twelve bales per day, at a cost not exceeding fifty cents for fuel, for an engine con structed on proper principles should not consume over half a cord of wood to per form the above work. 8o you eau readi ly perceive that there is much advantage in u?lng_steam over animal power. The same economy is obtained at whatever work rou apply the steam engine to threshing grain, grinding corn and sugar cane and sawing lumber, for oven as small as a six-horse engine can be made to aaw with a thirty-six-inch saw mill, costing about $200, from twelvo to fifteen hundred feet of lumber per day. And hore let me say I believe tho plantation engine will co moro to solve the fence question than all tho legislation that can bo brought to bear upon the subject. It I is only the scarcity of fonco matorial that j agitates tho question so much. With a I good stock of fe.ic muer on band the farmer can eas ?ep up his fences. Besides bia fences, with a small saw mill and a steam engine, he can always have a stock cf lumber on hand for any im provement he may desire to mako. There has been many improvements in the plantation engine since it first intro duction, but others are yet in store for this little friend of the farmer. When ever it is requisite to move the present engine from one locality to another, a team has to be taken from the field tn move it. This is not economy ; for the plantation eugine having doublo thu power it takes to move ita own weight, should bo made to propel itaelf and draw whatever machine it is to work. This is done in other countries. The arguments that arises bere is our roads are bad. True, OU? roads aro bad indeed, but they can be improved, and there is ample room for our County Commissioners to show us what they know about road making. Gentlemen, give us a gcod country road and we willgive you a plan tation engine that will move over the country without taking tho team from the field at your busiest time, when your crops need working most. A few words on the construction of a plantation engine, and I close : The first and most important part is tho boiler; this should be built of the best iron. The locomotive type is the best steam genera tor that has vet been produced. Tho flues should, for burning wood, not bo less than two inches nor larger than three inches, and a sufficient number intro duced, with tho surface of thc firo box, to give from ten to twelve square feet to the horse power, and of a sufficient strength to withstand a pressure of 100 pounds to the square inch. The engine should bo composed of as few parts a pos sible for its proper movement and mado of the beat of metal, that it may be made as light as possible. One very essential part is the pump. This should receive the beat attention, for many a life has been lost through an engine's pump fail ing to work and the water in tho boiler being allowed to fall below the proper height. Proper attention ahould also be given to the Bafety valve, so that, should the encino have to stop working, cr be come deranged in any manner, any ex cess of steam may be allowed to escape free. A mounted engine should bo made to follow in the track of a common coun try wagon, for by so doing it will bo easier on the animals pulling it. In pur chasing an engine I would advise you to get the best, for it's always the cheapest in thc end, and avoid those cheap ma chines which aro a curse to the purchaser and a disgrace to the builder. They are made to sell, and often kill these who try to get work out of them. Purchaso your machinery as near home as possible. In so doing you will not only confer a bene fit on your own citizens, but you will add to the wealth of your State by keeping your mon. y ut hu mu, and by carrying out that principle so often t.*>'ked off-build up factories of your own. Senator Beck ou Porty Discipline. We invite public attention to the re marks of the distinguished Senator from Kentucky on the subject of Democratic organization at this time. His career in the House of Representatives durng the j dark davs of Radical ascendancy was so marked by consistency and courage, that among numerous eloquent and abie men Kentucky uhuau him to represent her. in the Senat3. On the 4th of August he delivered an elab?ralo and powerful speech on the political situation. We have no room to-day to do more than re produce tue following extract, which wo trust our public will read carefully : "Democratic policy is caning to the front, eau ali ty of States ana people, home rule and local self-government lias been conceded already-with n majority of States presided over by Democratic Gov ernors, with a clear majority of all tho people, regardless of race, color or pre vious condition, on our side ; with a ma jority of white votes larger than the white vote cast for General Washington on either occasion when he was unani mously elected President of the United States ; with tho House of Representa tives in our hands, and thu Senate almost so ; with the certainty that it will be so at the expiration of the present Congress, it is certain that we cannot only inaugu rate, but carry ont in the near future, all j the reforma we demand and pledged our aclvea to maintain in thc platform of the ! party as proclaimed at St. Louis. With such prospecta, with such a causo, when wo all know that success is only possible through itv of action and purpose ; when the only tactics left to the enemy is to divide in order to conquer us, it seems to me to be the very extremo of madness and folly for Democrats now to allow anvthing to separato or weaken them. 1 can hardly understand how mea can run 'independent' or *ote for 'independents' at a time like thia. I fully appreciate the policy of Radicals, who cannot elect a member of their own party, fosU? g discontent md placing in uiuce refractory or rebellious Demo crats : hut how any Democrat can either abandon or weaken the power or the dis cipline of his party now passes my com Erchension. Kentucky's motto should e held up before the eyes of all-'Uui ted we stand, divided we fall.' Our strength <_ insists only in oar unity. Separately wo aro atoms, combined we are invincible. Tho singlo arrow could bo snapped Uko a reed ; tho well-wrapped bundle of arrows could not be bent. In a crisis like this, it is far better to havo open enemies than secret foes. Those wno cannot act with tho Democratic or ganization had better join tho Radical party. "The organization and disciplino of a nnirtv must be AS compact ns that of an army. Our strength in Kentucky is our most dangerous source of weakness. Per sonal wrangles for place rarely divido us when our opponents are equal, or nearly equal, in strength ; they Bpring up and destroy us wheu the opposition can only bo felt in our dissensions by throwing its weight into ono scale or tho other. That is their policy now, all over Kerouky. Strict party discipline alone can counter act it. If a soldier, in time of war, who had enlisted in your army, refused to obey orders, lert thc ranks, called bim ir inAerwerident, and .?rofesied to be I fighting on your side whilo he was draw ing his atuuiumliuu, jirov?aiuii? ??u ??p Elics from the enemy, you would drivo im from among you or shoot him aa a deserter. You Know that the enemy would never support rt soldier in any conflict, civil or military, who is not in their opinion aiding their cause and weakening the man they aro seeking to defeat, i repeatj our only safety is in unity, subordination to party discipline, obedience to tb.8 ??ll uf IL? majority; and all who rcfuso to conform to party orders and support our nominees had best bo driven into the camp of the enemy."--Journal of Commerce. - "Suppose wo pas? a law," said o severe father to his daughters, "that no girl eighteen year? old, who can't cook a good meal shall get married until she learns how to do it?" "Why, then, wo'd all get married at seventeen, responded the girls in sweet chorus. Tho R?duction of tho Army and the Establishment of a Militia. Front the AVu- Orleans Democrat. WASHINGTON, August 2, 1877. j If tho strike und riots which have just j disturbed the country shall prove insuf- \ ficient to arouse tho American people to a full sense of tho dangers upon which they have been driven by the unconstitu tional and centralizing policy of the Re publican party, with tho habits of profli gacy its political methods engendered, and the monstrous brood of soulless mo nopolies ?ts admiuistratiou created, there is little prospect of peaco for us in the future. No such uprising of any class of tho population has ever occurred in any civ ilized country without an adequate cause ; and if we aro wiso and just, instead of expending our resources of denunciation upon tho mobs which have aln ?dy been suppressed by canister and hunger, wo will demand of those in authority and entrusted with legislation a remedy for tho evils iu our system which have exci ted tho working people to law breaking and violence. If such remedy bo not promptly dis covered and applied, far dcadlic evils will ? pring up around us and strike their pernicious roots deeper and more firmly into our institutions. Thc wild riotings which so recently startled and terrified the country were but "tho forests of gourds that overtop the infant cadara and aloe trees, but like tho prophet's gourds wither on tho third day." Tho riots caused much suffering, destroyed much property, and resulted in the loss of a Dumber of lives. That is all they did in tho way of harm, and they arc over now ; but new life and vigor have boen impar ted to thc centralizing ideas of tho lato administration. We do not hear so much of tho measures of statesmanship necessary to control tho overgrown corporations and monopolies of the country, and to eman cipate trade and industry from the special r.tid unwise legislation, which are at the bottom of our lato troubles, as we do of the need of a great standing army to suppress insurrection and compel thc submission of the people io the existing order of things. We near, al-*?, cf tho ncc?8sity of giving the Uede/al govern ment control of tho railways and tele graph, and, indeed, of every ewontial to a centrai>red government, with an igno rant ard ui couth aristocracy of monopo lists, with tho manners of the slums, out of which three-fourths of them sprang; of army officers and corrupt and subser vient politicians. Many even of tho miserable, fools who composed the bowl ing mobs of last week, cried out for this combination and concentration of tho powerful and unscrupulous agencies which had worked their misery, and, combined, would crush them under their heel os thougii they were worms of the dust. COMMUNISM AND CENTRALIZATION. If in the midst of all thc turmoil, and following its cessation, we had heard only of Communism, there would be little tc apprehend. Tho impracticability ol Coinmuuisin tenders its advocates, ex cept as rioters and robbers, quite innox ious. But tho theories of government to which the troubles have given such aggressive prominence, while threatening to our freo institutions and to the peace and security of the country, are not onlj practical theories, but extremely fascina' ting theories. The policy of largely increasing th< army in particular is advanced and urgec with renewed pertinacity by many ot tin ablest generals of the country, and w< need not be surprised if, when Congresi assemblai, wo find many half-wittet Democrats and Democratic papers crawl ing on their knees to apologizo for with holding the appropriations for the arm] asked for at the last session, and read] and cager to concede any demand th" administration or the Republican leader may make for an increase of thc arm; and navy. I trust, however, that tho commo< sense of tho people will see the folly o all such propositions. The late riots d not suggest tho need of a standing arm nor the propriety of turning over to th general "government the. control of th railway and telegraph Hues, nor of othei wise concentrating power and patronag at Washington. What they do sugget is the necessity of reversing the central iz cg policy of the Republican part} and returning to the strict Democrat! theory of government. TUE ARMY. I have never boen so thoroughly coi vinccd as I am now that the army shoul be abolished, or at least reduced to tl number of men needed to defend tl (Yontier and protect tho public propert When if becomes necessary for the gei eral government to interposo to presen the peace, maintain the laws ami prote property in the fevers'. States, there wi -bo an end of the principle or right i local self-government. Tue States mt continue for a time to exercise by su f?e anco that right, but il will bo by suffc ance onty. Tho timo of tho utter d struction of the right will depend up< the caprice or convenience of the centr power at Washington. The surest sal guard of the public peaco, tho safe power to aid the civil authority in tin of public discontent, and at the san time, to preservo and protect the rigli of the States and the liberties of the pe pie, is a well orgrnized militia. It ie scandalous shame that the Governor any State of the American Union shou have found it necessary to call upon t Federal government to repress disordt within its borders. Such a necessity ii certain indication of the decay of ci\ virtue among the people of tho comme wealth, or ot tho disgraceful imbecili of its administration. I realize os fully as any ono the impi tauce of preserving civil order and pressing lawless violence; but I conf that when the arm of the Prtnid?nt ? invoked by Governors of sovereign Sta to maintain their authority, and the n ular army was called upon to fire up and shoot down American citizens, t Federal government assumed, to my i agination, at least, much of the grim rt forbidding aspect of despotism, and j could not represo a sentiment of c? tempt for inc degrudud Bluies iou fee and spiritless to maintain their o laws. It is to be hoped that the Amern people havo enough love of liberty maining to prompt them to rebuke t senseless clamor for the increase of army, and I trust that tho Demoer; press of the country will re.ne.v. its mand for a still further reduction of b tho army and navy. These instituti are not needed by the country, and ox ing in any considerable strength, thoy a living danger to the constitution i tue rights of tho StAtes. Each Si should be able to maintain its own lr to repress disorders within its own bc ors, and, in ti -e of public danger, ft ian promptly quota of organized disciplined soldiers for the common fence. This can be done and done c with safety by the establishment in e State of a well organized militia. THE CU BSE OK NATION*. Fifteen years of Republican adminis tration have imposed upon the country a system of monopolies which has been thc curse of every nation in which it has ever flourished. The press has been quite oxact in Axing tho limit of tho right of the people to resist tho arbitrary und merciless exactions of tbeso corpora tions. Almost without an exception, every paper I have seen has declared that tho men had tho right to reface to work for the wages oflered by tho railroad companies, but that they hud no right to prevent others from working. In a nor mal condition of r.?f?i?rs this is au indis putable proposition. Hut why has the | press been so particular in Axing the limit : f tho rights of the working peoplo while it failed to note and denounce the notorious facts that tho corporations have grown stronger than the laws which they trample upon and defy ; that corrupt ana subservient Congrcsr.es and Legislatures have granted them unconstitutional, anti Republican and extraordinary privileges, which they havo increased by unresisted encroachments, and now aro to dominate tho commerco of tho country and to op press tho working peoplo. If thc strikers exceeded their right under the laws, in preventing their fellows from working for tho wages oflered by the companies, it is also true that thc corporations aro anomalies in our government; that they are the creatures of corruption, that they have hold themselves higher than all con stitutional authority, and have trnmplcd upon privnte rights, public justice and common Immunity. And thus has been produced the con dition out of which spring.? insurrections and revolutions. It may be thut the Btrikcrs overstepped the boundary of pri vate rights, but tho monopolists first dis turbed tho economy of society, and dis ordered tho natural and healthful rela tions between capital and labor. Let tho blame rest upon those who first trans gressed the law and violated tho funda mental principle of our government and of all free society. During tho last fifteen years corrup tion, favoritism, sectional malevolence and centralizing policies have dsturbed the natural order of our Republican so ciety, and introduced in our system those obnoxious features which havo in all times landed to m?.kt? 'he rich richer and tho poor poorer, until "wealth has accumulated itself into masses ; and pov erty also iu accumulating enough lies impassably separated from it; opposed, uucommunicating. like forces iu positive and negative poles. And the gods of this lower world sit aloft on glittering thrones, less happy than Epicurus' gods, but aa indolent and impotent ; while the bound less living chaos of ignorance and hunger welters terrific in dark fury under their feet." Is. it wonderful, then, that there has been an outbreak of tho people ; that ignoran ?e, inflamed by wrong and mis ery, has risen up and lifted its brawny arm to strike at the gods whom venality and false legislation havo created and set up on golden thrones. Who, indeed, will venture, beforo he drags down under the feet of the law, mid forces into ob servance of the privileges of humanity and the rights of society, the overgrown and bastard monopolies of tho land, to call upon tho law to consign to public condemnation and obloquy tho revolu tionists of last week ? Revolution, after all, ia but "justice reddened into wrath," nnd tho events of last week wcro a revo lution. And if those events shall result in arousing the American people to the criminality of tho policies adopted by the Republican party, to tho folly of a per nicious tarif! which destroys commerce, aud to tho political villainy of monstrous monopolies which disturb the order of society and ride down the people, the millions they have cost the corporations and the trade of the country will bo a cheap price for tho blessings they will confer. Transfer Taxes aud Freight Discrim inations against Churlcston. Editor ofthc Jonen 'of Commerce : In tho minds of many ol' the merchants of thiB city there i? great necessity for changes in several matters touching bus iness. 1st. A union freight depot near the water, so that vessels eau load and unload directly out and in thc freight depot, would save the unnecessary expenso of forwarding. Tho expense of transfer under the preseut system, alone is quite onough to drive from Charleston such trade aa that which has the advantage of importing over competing lines. It has been remarked that thc Enterprise Rail road was a great addition to tho trado of Charleston m facilitating through freight at low rates. Tho road, if the road beds are kept in order, as a passenger road, is certainly an improvement. ?ut freight such an is now carried by the Enterprise Railroad can bc carried for ton per cent, less by wagon, and if our streets aro kept only in reasonably gOGd order, such con tract would bo a desirable one. A union freight depot along tho water front, no that vessels can load and unload through freight, or o' er freight, if is desired, direct out sm in the depot, would enable us to compete with Port Royal, Savan nah and Wilmington, and also bring back to us from Alabama, Georgia, part of North Carolina, ?ud the upper portion of South Carolina, tho business now diverted -tho trade for heavy goods such os bag ging, ties, phosphate, salt, syrups, and raw sugars and molasses. 2nd. We should do away with the habit of discriminating freight arrangement?. This assuredly is killing tho goose that lays tho golden egg. We are positively driving our very best trado from us, and build other market? in opposition, ruiiy two-thirds of tho very bec'? iri.de above Columbia have already left Charleston. And, as to tho extent our cotton business suffers in consequence of high rates of freights from Anderson and thereabouts, tho inclosed letter will explain to you. Will you explain, and in that way con ?inco tho officers of the South Carolina Railroad, agents of steamers, factors and merchants that in the past the commerco of Charleston has been injured, and con sequently their own business through heavy freight charges and discrimination in freights on goods from Charlcstor\ It is high Lime thai B?tu?iu?fig nhould be dono. In a f<w months wo can look for tho trade ?*? " rt. What should and could bo done . ? .ut delay, is to re move the discrin..nation in ratea of freight on such goods a? aro shipped from Charleston tn tho interior of our State, and also without tho least delay, reduce rates of freight on cotton, especially from tho upper portion of our State. This lit tle change alone will work wonders for Charleston ; and why is it that the South Carolina Railroad works so persistently against the commerce of this city ? CHARLESTON. "I have tho promise of lots of cotton here but we must certainly do something on freights. Can't you got the merchants to hold a meeting and work on the rail roads? If something is not done, we will lose 25,000 hales of cotton nnd any quantity of trade. With low freights we eau regain all of this trade." A NEW ENGLAND TRAGEDY. Brothers Knot on a Sunday Under the Shadow of a Chut ch. Son til ADAMS, MASH., Aug. 4. Savoy is ono of tho smallest towns iu Massachusetts. It lies among the moun tains near thc Hoosac tunnel, and the people aro all farmers, but ita reputation is vory bad. Many of the people are Spiritualistsand Aivintists, and it was in front of the Advei.list Churuh that a tragedy took pince '.as? Sunday that reads Uko a story of Southern or frontier lifo. On the greensward by tho church door, while the congregation were standing by, a young and desperate fellow shot two men and fired his revolver at another, threatening a woman's life, and then forced tho son and nephew of the men whom he had shot to drive him to a placo of safety. Tho terrified congregation stood by and let him escape, and as he disappeared over a hill ho turned and waved his hat. This happened in a New England village on Sunday, under tho shadow of a church. In Savoy two brothers, Albert and Francia Starks, live. They aro both flann els and have the reputation of being peaceable men. Francis has a family, including a boy and girl about fifteen years old, who ITO twins. The little girl, Clara, is thu innocent cause ofthe tragedy. Some time ago Herbert E. Blanchard returned to Savoy from California, and, according to his own stu /, he has seen a good deal of life for a man just turning twenty-three. During tho four years that ho liveil in California he appears to have learned all that life in the mines can tt'UCh ; but there is rather too much brag gadocio about his confessions of bloody deeds, of shooting scrapes, and other crimes. Since ho returned ho has been at work on different farms in Savoy, and for the last three weekB has worked for Philo Tower, and was a good farm hand. . A few weeks ago he, as he says, formed an aitachment for little Clara Starks, and was paying her honorable attentions. Clara appears to havo received his ad vances favorably, for sho met him many times. Stories, however, reached her father's cars about Blanchard's former life. It wa? Faid that he already had two wives, that he had boasted of bia conquests of young girls' affections, and that, more over, lin iv ns n bloodthirsty fellow who went about with revolver? and knives, w hich he would not hesitate to uso on the slightest provocation. This is probably tiet true. Blanchard was fond of "talking big" and making the eyes of the Savoy youth open with astonishment as ho told of hi:; wild adventures, but no authentic report of his ever bt?">ro having shown any violence to any one can bo obtained. Ile admits having been married twice, but says that ho is divorced froai one wife and that thc other is dead. Mr. Starks, however, did not wish him to pay any attentions to little Clara, and told bim so. He also told several people in Savoy that "Herbert Blanchard could not have his Clara." Blanchard says that when Stark", told him his visits must cease he yielded, only writing Clara asking for a final interview, which was granted, and that then he confessed his lovo to her, and obtained her promise of marriage, but that this promiso she afterward revoked in the presence of hor father. At ono of their last interviews in a lillie pine grove near Savoy, little Clara's brother being present, somebody in the grove fired a pistol and the bullet whizzed close by Blanchard's head. He says that he started to find the assassin but not able to catch him, but believes tho man was Loman Blanchard, who is a brother in-law of Francis Starks. An account of this shooting appeared in the local naper a day or two afterwards as follows : * "Considerable excitement is manifested over tho recent shooting affray, from which we learn thc following facts : Her bert Blanchard of West Hawley became enamored of a fair damsel residing in Savoy, who received his attentions in op position to paternal exhortation, conse quently they had to hold their meeting mb rosa. Wednesday evening, tho 18th, they had their secret meetings, nnd the ?roung Adonis was wending his way lome, accompanied by Clarence Starks, when the stillness of tho night was broken by the report of a pistol and the whizzing of a builet uncomfortably near. Blanchard pick?.?? un a stone, and started in tho direction of tho would-be assassin, who arose from a thjgket of brakes and fired again, but in his haste, tho bullet flew wido of its mark, und before he could fire again Blanchard was justin the rear of his flying coat-tails as they fled towurds the forest, when all trace of him was lost." After this transaction Blanchard seems to have determined to bo revenged. A few days before the Sunday of the trage dy ho was in tho neighboring town of West Hawley, and met there Wm. L. Luce. To Luce bc showed a revolver, and said that ho had had some trouble with Charlie Blanchard and Francis Starks, aud thai he was going to &hoot them, adding that his name would ring louder in Savoy than ever bpforo. Ho also told Alfred W. Burnp'.t of Savoy that ho had a shot gun. ana was then on his way to shoot Francis Starks, that he proposed to settle with him with powder and ball. Starks at that tin 9 was away, which probably prevented Blanchard i from carrying out his threats. He told I Burnett also that tho next time he met Starks one or tho other of them would Bicep cold that night. Nothing seems to have been done by thoSavoy people to pre vent thc execution of these threats. Un Sunday morning, July 29, the little Advent Church was well filled. Elder Scars preached to the congregation, and during his sermon Blanchard carno in and stayed a little while. Before tho ser vice? we""'1 finixWd Frunc?? Starks left thc chapel. After tho morning meeting the people stood on tho church steps talk ing about the bad weather, the crops, ?Vc., while the choir was inside rehearsing for thc afternoon service. Somebody at this timo showed little Clara tho above ac count of tho shooting, and the girl burst into tears. Her ft ther was standing IK ir by, talking with sevbial persons, among whom was Blanchard's father. Seeing his daughter in teats, Starks asked hor what the matter was, and she showed him thc newspaper. Just then young Blanch ard ri?o ?een coming up the road with a friend.: and Starks went to him rapidly and very indignant. He accused Blanch ard of causing the insertion of the article in the newspaper, which Blanchard de nied. "Go away or I shall hurt you," said Blanchard. "I am not afrtid of you," replied Starks. Thon Starks wanted Blanchard to step ono side with him to talk tho matter over, and Blanchard told him that if he wanted to say or do anything there was no better placo than whero they were. Accounts differ as to what followed. Some of the witnesses tay that Starks shook his fist in Blanchard's fees ; others say that ho did not ; but all agree that Blanchard struck Starks twice, and that both clinched and foll. Albert Starks then rao up to help his brother, and the congregation on tho church step* looked complacently on. Albert nulled Blanch ard off of his brother, and all three lay struggling on tbe bank. Then Blanch ard's father tried to separate thom, and had just Beited Albert Stark's hair when the report of a pistol was heard. This was immediately followed by another re port, and tho heap of struggling men sep arated. Francis Starks jumped up and ran down the street, and Blanchard fol lowed, firing three idiots at him. Then he turned back, and Booing Albert stag gering toward the church, he went to him. "Hold up your arms," 6aid Blanchard to tho dying man. Starks did so. "Now go down on your knees," ?:.id Blanchard, pointing the re volver at him. Starks prostrated himself, and then Blanchard, turning on his heel, marched proudly up to the church steps where the congregation were standing looking quietly on 'tis strange scene. Blanchard ?aw Mrs. Laura Haskins, who io a friend of tho Starks family, standing on the church steps, and pointing hts revolver at her he said, "Damn you, I've a good mind to shoot you too." "Horbert, stop this," said tho mild Behool teacher, Zebulon Kemp, and then Blanchard pointed his rovolverat Kemp, who struck it just as it was discharged, the bullet ploughing tho ground. Just then Blanchard's father seized him from behind and held him while somebody in tho crowd at last mustered courage to take the revolver away. Blanchard was then released, mid. rushing into a neighboring house, seized a shot gun, and Bald he was going to get even with some of tho rest of thom, but tim gun was taken away from him. He tlicn walked coolly over to tho church, where Albert Starks lay gasping, the bul let having entered below tho left shoulder and passed through the body. Blanchard looked at Starks a moment, -uul nome one told him Stnrks was dying. "Served him right, was tho only re sponse. Thc men who had stood around and seen all this, who saw Albert Starks, ap parently breathing his last, aud who i knew in a few moments that Francis Starks had been shot through the groin, and who had seon tho attempt made to shoot Air. Kemp, and heard tho threats innde to Mrs. Haskins-theso men appear to have dono nothing to arre st Blanchard. Ho moved around among thorn without anything bsfr?g said to h;rr, except, per haps, n mild remonstrance. Blanchard himself, however, at last thought that it would bo well to niako his escape. Ho saw Francis Starks' son driving down the road. Tho boy had been sent by his grandfather for a doctor. Blanchard seized thc horse and then got in the wag on, compelling the son of tho man whom ho had shot, and who was going for med ical aid for his father lo drive him (Blanchard) to a man who owed him sonio money. Just at the top of the hill Blanchard turned and saw th? congrega tion still standing on the church steps iooking.it him. Taking off his hat, he waved it to the crowd, nnd then disap peared. Then he told little Starks that no was s jr ry ho had shot his father, and immediately after said ho was glad. "It was good enough for tho old man if he couldn't mind his own business." Then he added in great glee, "1 made Albert go down on his knees and beg like a beg gar-" It was lato on Sunday nfternoo:; before the peoplo of Savoy realized what kind of a tragedy had taken place, nnd then an attempt was irado to find tho man, but ho was far away over the mountains, thc ride wkleb he cade the Starks b'?j givo him had helped him a good five miles on his way. But the local author ities, to show that thoy were at last alive, arrested two young men who had ex pressed sympathy for Blanchard. But whero to look for Blanchard they did not know. Clear-headed officers in an ad joining town, who knew something of Blanchard, surmised that he would go to Vermont, where ho had relatives, and thoy went ns rapidly as possible to the town, South Readsboro, where these rel atives lived. Other parties scoured the mcuutains all night in a driving rain storm. Deputy Sheriff Gould and a posse on horseback rodo up at daybreak Mon day morning to within a short distance of tire house where Blanchard was be lieved to bo. Then one of thc pysau weui j to tho door and aried if he could buy a horse there. Satisfied that Blanchard was in the house, this man mado a signal and tho posse carno rapidly to the bouse. Blanchard was found in a bedroom armed with a shotgun. He had peered through tho blinds, and saw that be was overpowered. "I givo up ; I have lost my deal," he said, aa the officers rushed into tho bed room ; "but if tho hadn't been so many of you, I should have shot you." Tho preliminary hearing was held here yesterday and to-day, but no facts other than those given were brought out. Tho two young men who wore arrested as ac cessaries were discharged, there not being any ovidenco to hold thom. But Blanch ard wiii have to stand Crinl, probably for murder, as there is no possible chance for Albert Starks to recover. His physician says ho cannot live more than two or three days. Francis may recover. Blanchard bas a most repulsive face. He has the swagger and loud airs of a country dandy ; wears a big silver ring ' on ono of his tittie fingers; his hair is j oiled and puffed out with barbers' curls, and parted very rigidly behind, after tho fashion of rural young men. His fore head is vory low, his eyes steelly blue, and ho ha? a very faint moustache and goatee. The little girl, Clara Starks, is not out of shoit clothes yet. Her short, yellow hair is cut close around the neck and hangs loosely. She has bor-Jsome dark eyes and a fresh complexion, and in ber ! ' CC drCC? ? ??I?? fl ii ri tuinnol IrwiL-i A like a romping school girl who hadn't got over her fondness for dolls yet. Blanchard in tho court room acted in a reckless, bullying fashion yesterday, laughing with his friends, and apparent ly, perfectly indifferent. His manner has changed completely to-day since the tes timony has been brought out that he pre meditated his crime, and he realizes that ho is in great danger of being hanged, for he knows that one of the men must die. Some years ago he trio.? to force his j attentions on a young girl in Savoy and I waa warner! away by har father. He went into the woods, took off his coat and vest and smeared them with red paint, and left a dagger beside them. Then he went away. The clothes were found and a party made up to search the woods, and at last Blanchard was found in bis shirt nloovcs. Ono of the party waa so indig nant that he set his dog on Blanchard, and the coward cried and begged for mercy. Ho has been a great reader of dime novels and blood-and-thundcr (to ries. MOCK OYSTER FRITTERS.-Wi^b and grate some roots of salsify ; si n *? n with pepper and salt. To a cuptol nf the grated root add one-half cup : milk, a well-beaten egg and prepaid flour enough to make a not very si i? hatter. Drop a spoonful at u time ii to h oling drippings and cook until u delicate brown. rnm+r***** ? . _ Jjr,K*A7* Au f ij?^T?viA*Cr,--*T*i wav M?r?ni? tir co/.ilre C?J? piyraonla for adtertbtntf ordered by ?reo.utors, Administrators ?nd other fiduciaries ind herewith api?nd the rate? for the ordinal j lotices, which ?rill orilr l}* Isterted vh?o th? noncy comes with the order : Citations, two insertion*. .... $3.00 T?'"?OR?^VoW'j?NTH.-?n to. fccett? itteutlon, communications must be accompanied >y the true name and addrc&a of tho writer. Re eded inanutcripta will not be returned, uulesa the accessary stamps aro f u rn Ishcd to repa jr the postage ;horeon. MST Wo a*e not responsible for the flown ?nd )plolons of our correspondents. All communications should be addressed to "Ed* Itora Intelligencer," and all checks, draft*, money J ruc-., ?;., rhuuiu be made payable to tlio order af E. B. MU BRAY * CO., Anderson, B.C. A BIT OF SECRET HISTORY. Why Grant's Order Removing the Troops from tbe Packaid State House WEB Never Carried Out. Col. W. M. Levy hos given to tho Nachitoches Vindicator an interesting ac count of some of the, inside workings of the Grant Administration at the close of its last tenn. Concerning the order which President Grant issued to General Augur for tho withdrawal of the troops, Col. Levy says : On tho 2nd of March General Grant Bhowed to us the draft of the order di* ll-i'finrr flin tvl + Kri rawal r.f +1*A tMSirtnu. Sn accordance with his previously declared intention, which he said he would send to Gen. Augur by telegraph. That General Grant did direct thin order to be sent I am fully satisfied and convinced ; how or by whom it was suppressed or withheld I nm unable to state, and in time, perhaps, a disclosure may bo made which will fix the perfidy where it be longs. Tuero are some curious and interest ing facts connected with this matter which the Timen can now properly give to tho public. The President issued the order mentioned by Colonel Levy. It was sert to General Sherman at 12 m., March 2nd. For somo reason tho Presi dent did not Bubmit tho order to the Sec retary of War, nor did the Secretary know that it bad been issued until by ac cident he learned that it was in the Ad jutant General's hands Sot transmission to Now Orleana. He immediately or dered tho Adjutant General not to send it, as it had not come through "the ?roper military channels." General bwuaond tried to say that "the Presi dent and General Sherman-." "D-n tho President and Sherman, too," broke in tho angry Pennsylvanian; "I am either Secretary of War or I am not. Grant, who is an older soldier, ought to havo known bettor than to do a thing which ts a deliberate insult to me." He directed General Townsend to notify General Sherman that "the order to Gonoral Augur tc remove tho troops from the State House in Louisiana was with held by tho Secretary of War for suffi cient reasons." General Sherman went at once to the President, and said that while ho would send the order himself if the President wished, yet as it was cno o? great importance, ic had better go through tho proper channels and be sign ed by the Secretary of War, and that he thought Cameron had better bo Bent for. Tho President himself wroto Cameron a note and asked Mr. Luckey, his private Secretary, to bo tho bearer of it, as the matter was ono of great importance. Mr. Cameron immediately went to tho White House and found tho President and Gen oral Sherman awaiting him. "Cameron," said tho President, "I is sued an order to-day for the removal of the troops from tho Louisiana State House. I learn that you have suppressed :? iiru.. .>:.!_.i_"t.:-o?t ?*V_ T?-: ix. i? nj mu jrvu nu Hilo < nxr.x it.v3l dont," said the Secretary, "you are an old soldier and a very distinguished one. I do not beliovo you would put an insult on me ; yet I find you disregarding tho plainest principle of official etiquette by transmitting orders which should go through my hands, without my knowl edge or consent. As the Secretary of War I rank General Sherman. Ho is my subordinate: He has no tight to for ward an order, not even from you, unless it goes through tho regular channels. Your conduct was irregular. I stopped the order. If you insist upon its being :snt ly Gene.-fil Shorm?.n, I shs!! notify General Augur to disregard any crdsrs not signed by me. While I am Secretary of War I am entitled tc the considera tion that belongs to the position. If it is not accorded me by my subordinates I will take care to see that its neglect is properly resented." General Sherman's faca was a study. Upon tho point of etiquette Cameron was right. The President sat still, his face as motionless and impassive as that of Secretary Stanton that Blood near his right baud, carved in atone. As Cam eron rose to go, Le said : "Mr. President, I havo only two moro days to servo in your Cabinet. If you desire ray resigna tion, it is at your service." Tbero hap pened to be an old Louisiana college ?r?crid and class-mate G* v>arneron'o in Washington. As this gentleman's per sonal relations with Cameron woro of a character that gave him the entree to tho war office at any hour, bo was requested to find out what the matter wrs. "Don," he said, "what is the hitch in that order of Grant's. I know it was issued at 12 m. to-day, and I also know that it has never left the city." Tho Secretary re plied that Grant had tried to send the order without his knowledge and that he had stopped it. Ho said that while ho was a Kepublican, ho felt tb?k there ought to bc a chango in the management of Southern affairs ; that be baa with held the ordoras much from personal rea son and a feeling that he hod not been treated as he should have been in the matter as anything else. Two day? after this Cameron went out of office with Grant-New Orleans Times. "Ou MY, IT'S DAD."-A laughable in cident occurred recently, which caused much sport, and the circumstances of which are as follows : . An old gentleman who had two hand some daughters was so cautious of his charge that he would not permit them to krep the company of young men. How orer, they adopted tho following czpcdi* cut to enjoy the company of their lovers : After the old man had retired to rest, the girls would bang a sheet out of the sec ond story window, and Jim and Charley would seize hold of it, aud with the as sistance of the girls would thus gain en trance. 'It GO happened last Sunday ^ . i-..'t> - ~ *>.--* - .--o- - sheet ladder too early, for the old man, by some ill wind, was accidentally out of doors, and happening to come around the corner of the house, and spying tho sheet dangling from the window could not con jecture the meaning of ita being there. So he caught hold and endeavored to bring it down. The girls above suppos ing it to bo tho boya, began to hoist and did not discover the mistake until tho old man's bald hoad was level with the aili, wheu one of them exclaimed, "Oh my, it's dad 1" and let go her hold, which frightened the slater, and she let go the eheot and down esme the old man on the atone aide walk, breaking bia wrist and tearing his unmentionables. His cries brought ont the honsehold and several neighbors, (and there he laid jiat aa fat as mud.) Thoy removed him. into thc house. He is now busy cogitating whether to let the girla have their beaux in the parlor or to ano tho yonug men for damages. Tho boya haven't been round to offer any sympathy and probably won't until tho old gent feels easier. - Mi The comfort of ita noasessilon is very frequently onset by the annoyance ocea*? aioned by the continual crying of thc Baby. ?rying. however, ls the child's only method of suggesting that it aufiVra with discomfort and pain, and at onco ceases when tho canse la (aa itehou?dbo) promptly removed by using Dr. Bull's Baby Syrup. Sold every where. 25 rents per bottle.