Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page. It is also available as plain text as well as XML.

v-,. r ?*/. .?'?.?V?. >r ^ ... ; .! ,;, ??h- . i ?> . -o-.' li'-ds > .wsf/* -orti:! ?-i>; .a-iiiLjjfjji^! !fc ..Ji?i*"?.rtH?(?y? nu .,m/!.{> ; _ 4<.,*^",l7jt:_i,1Jl lS,ir, ?Jch^?niril* > j ?nfc **? ?mit?* oj tono UdTBS Of 9fJftWRli*Tiqir.-iTwo DftUAEa p . r Sill OltiB. rm? ?inm Trvui^mSk ?V?r ats u uv wi*. j..)..?>l..tlama aro nut taken for a tau iwrli.il t h.iii six 'mouths. Linera! deductions made to clubs of ten ot nure subscribers. RATHS OP ADVRllTISlNa.-Oa* Dollar per ? ii/iara ol one inch for the first insertion,and lift jr i >uts per square for subsequent ina .'.'..ns lenthall ilireo taunlhs. No adrertlsemeuts couute less titan . square. Libers! contr?e* s will be made with those wtshlu;? to advertise for three, six or twelve months. Ad vertlflni by contract must tr* c????e? ;.< ;!:?. Im m ..Hali1 business of tile P ria or individual contrae tins;. .lint uar y Nottees exceeding five lines, Tributes .st Kenpect. and all personal communications vr Mattera of Individual interest, will be charged for at advertising rates. Announcements of marriages ?nd deaths, and notices of a religious character, arc re-S|>ectfali? solicited, and will te I nae rt i'd gratin ESSAY ON USURY. Head Before Hie Joint ifcetlng of the Stale ti ran ge and State Agricultu ral Fair Assoclution lu Ander-' non, on the 8th of Augunt, by Mr. E. L. Koche, of Charleston. The Position of Thoae Who Oppose the I'nactmcnt of Usury Laws I>etiued. The laws regulating interest are among tlie curliest found in tho statute books. In (?reece, a? far back as five hundred yearn before Christ, money lending waa a recognized occupation, and J 8 per cent, wan the legal rate ; but .% per cont, waa charged for mercantile loans, and aa much as 16 per cent, per day was paid by doubtful borrowers. The Roman law, called tlie laws of tbe Twelve Tables, al lowed interest at the rate of 1 per cent. Iicr month, or 12 per cent, per annum ; lut tlie Hoaiau laws on this subject were frequently modified and altered to pre vent evasions, but apparently without success. In the year 408 the legal rate of interest waa reduced to f> per cent. Justinian mado a further reduction to 4 per cent., but exempted merchants, who were allowed to pay and receive 8 per cent. Thc usurers, however, under this reign aie known to have taken us much as 60 per cent, where the risk.* of the loss wus great. Stringent laws against usury were passed in subsequent years by other rulers of tho Roman Empire; but tlie money-lenders continued to evade and render them nugatory. Ia thc year 740 the Roman Senate again ratified a law making 12 per cent, the legal rate of interest, and forbade Senators to engage in the business of money-lending. Again, later we find, under the Emperor Theodosius, 24 per cent, as lawful inter est in Rome. By tho laws of Moses, thc Jews were prohibited from taking inter est from each other ; but were expressly permitted to do so from strangers. The canonical laws governing the early Chris tians also forbid the taking of interest from their bretiiren. This idea was taken no doubt* from the Jewish laws on this subject, as we do not find in tho New Testament the practice of taking usury condemned, but rather commended, nota bly in the parable of tho talents, where the slothful and unprofitable servant who hid Iiis lord's money in the ground and failed to put it at interest is punished, but the servant who traded with the tal ents committed to bis care, and gained other talents, is rewarded by having given to him not only what he before possessed, but also the talent which the first had failed to profitably usc. Evi dently the prohibition of the canonical law of the early Christians was intended to regulate the intercourse among "tlie brethren," that is among those who were to be the conspicuous leaders, just as the apostles were sent out without money to pay board, and the brethren were expec ted to provide for them in their journey ings; all their goods were in common. Of course society generally cannot be regulated upon such a basis, and it would bo as absurd to pass laws now against people charging board as it is against their charging hirefor the loan of money. After the fall of the Roman Empire, and during what is called the dark ages, no interest was permitted, but a system called rents was practiced whereby bor rowed money wa? returned yeirly in small sums. As we approach nearer to our own times the rates of interest are found to fluctuate, but still, upon the whole, becoming steadily lower. During the reigu of Henry VIII in England, 10 Sicr cent, waa the lawful rule; under James , 8 per cent.; under Anne, 5 per cent. William and Mary borrowed at 8 per cent, from thc Bank: of England,.(ut that time a new institution recently estab lished.) Money can now be borrowed in England at from 2 to 5 per cent., the . current rate being regulated entirely by the abunduuee or scarcity of tho article in the hands of lenders. From the brief review of the history of interest laws, which I have given above, one fact is clearly defined, namely, thrl no law, heretofore enacted, has been stringent enough to prevent what has been desig nated ns usury. Nay, even in the laws t h i'Hirtel vos WO find tl. recognition of MIR adage, "Necessity kuows no law," and that an increase or decrease in thc inter est obtained on loans must be governed hy the individual wants of tho parties to ibo contract. In one instance merchants are allowed to pay and re?oive 8 per cent, but borrowers engaged in' other pursuits pay but 4 under one rulpr; 36 percent, ia mimed na the legal rate under a succes sion of others; the ranges of lawful in terest run all the way from 24 to 2 per cent. This proves that when the people were prosperous and money plentilul, and the risk to the lenders reduced to a minimum, they were willing to accept small returns for the use of their capital. But in times of difficulty anti danger, either from internal dissensions or for eign war, when tho tenure by which property was held became impaired, and tlie productivo energies of tho people crippled, money, like corn, clothing or any other valuable tiling necessary to the comfort or convenience of domestic life, advanced in price ; in fact it waa worth more, and those who bud it to lend re quired to bo paid according to the risk run und the demand growing out of the necessities of thc situation. The people of South Carolina arc to-day in a posi tion similar to this ; they are, so to say, in a transition state, und have been so for ten long years, nor have they yet solved the problem or settled what they will do witli it. Trained in the manage ment of one kind of labor, namely, slave labor, the landed proprietors were, with out preparation, called upon to organize a new system, and make the former slave profitable in his new relations as a free man. What waa possible or impossible in this direction no mau knew, ami ex perience could bc the only teacher. The land-owner was driven by the necessities of his position to accent the situation and luke the rUdca, bc they ftreut or small. Hut thc capitalist, who was called upon . to advance tho cash with which the nec essary stock/tools, fixtures?and labor was bought, could have no inducement to embark in this business but the hope of gain, nor could bc have been expected to do so for a rate ol' interest of 6 or 7 per cent, per annum. Tho abnormal political condition o? South Carolina also intensified tho diffi culties under which, hor people labored, and thc frightful tdiriiikagoin values, not only of real catato, but personal property also, operated seriously against the intro duction of capital from abroad, and it wa? univ tho high lutes ol interest and t,r,.... vrofits tha? coi,id induce moneyed men to take the risk Incident to w> disorganised ; eof society." Undei the qirawiatance?, tUe.rcpcalpf thousur> law wa* n wise and- rteceakary measure, freeing tho land-owner and capitalist alik*> from an impracticable and ?seles; incumhrnncc. With tho absolute new] U. borrow or starve, the land?owner fount! his ability to furnish adequate security vastly curtailed, but by thia repeal tht former was enabled to borrow on the pro duce of hia lam., and the latter to obtair Bet urity from the same aource. Thc syatem of taxation heretofore pnr sued bv the dominant political party if tho State baa also compelled banker* and money-lender* to demand high rates of interest from borrowers. Private indi viduals dre, in m?ny instances, enabled to evade taxation on personal property ; but bankers and banking houses are, from tho nature of their buGincas. under con stant surveillance, und it is almost exclu sively from institutions of this kind that planters, factors ond agents obtain their funds by which the crops aro cultivated and produce moved. Tho united taxes levied on these institutions, I credi bly informed, together with the expenses of management und working, will aggre gate. 9) por cent, on their capital! A law, therefore, limiting interest would either close these banks, or force them to resort to evasion-;, which would compli cate qusiueas, und bc morally wrong, even when beyond the reach of legal remedies. Re-enact this law and thc transactions of ordinary business would be hammered by numberless subterfuges; agents, brok era and middlemen, would reap a rich reward from the necessities of borrowers, and in place of a fair and open trade in money, by which nil loans would be gov erned, and n known market rate ot in terest established, a complicated system of commissions, exchanges and over charges would be deviccd, and result only in increased expense and annoyance to tho unfortunate borrower. Thc old iiBury law formerly in force >n this State wasons is well known, a dead letter be fore ita repeal by tito Legislature, so universal had become the practice of evading it. The temptation to do so would be greater now than before the war, as the morai tone in business circles is infinitely lower and practices recog nized ns legitimate that would not then have been permitted. I have heard thc argument used by the advocates of a usury law, that one of their nhief objects was to hamper the farmer, prevent his borrowing money, and in that way confine his operation to the narrow limits of his own labor and the labor of his immediate family. What progress or improvement can come j from a scheme so narrow and contracted j as this? rhese legislators would tie tho [ hands of tho man of energy to the plow tail and hoe handle, give him no chance to hire help to till additional acres, to fertilize his fields or improve his stock, by restricting hiB undeniable right to go into a free market, and make his free contracts for what money ho needs, and tiay for his cash, just as he pays for hie abor or supplies, that is to say, no more or no less than what it is worth, besides, ?ll men in South Carolina are not farm ers, or even remotely connected with ag ricultural pursuits. It is the manifest duty of the Legislature to make laws foi the government nf the merchant, thc manufacturer, the mechanic and the pro fessional man, us well ns for the land owner and farmer, and it should nlsc fester and caro for the material interests of every class. To move the crops anc supply the multifarious wanta of society the merchant must have either from hil own atores largo supplies of ready casi or be ?ei-force a constant borrower. Tin manufacturer hs? to meet daily his ex penses for labor, raw material and re pairs. So, too, with the mechanic, win contracts for work, and to whom tin journeyman looks for daily bread. Banks were originally designed to mee tho wants of auch as these, and exception every member of the classe enumerated above will tell you, "Pas no usury laws, leave us free to make sud contracts for money as seems best to ?B. They know that the rate per cent, fo loans is fixed by the laws of trade, an regulated by causes beyond tho reach o general laws. In former yean in the State of Sout Carolina money was not worth more tba G or 7 per cent, because capital was abun dant, and a greater portion of the Uno necessary for conducting agricultural nn mechanical operations being performe by. Blaves, ready money was but littl needed, and a few dollars went a lon way in those halcyon days. The bani ing capital alone amounted to fiftee millions, and tho banks were also allowc to issue bills to ttfe amount of five mi lions more. They were also restricted t G per cent, interest for discounting note but could buy and sell foreign and d< mestic exchange. Now mark the worl ings of the;''"- institutions. With all tl advantages derived from issuing bil upon which they paid themselves no ii terest, but upon which they received per cent., they found it still moro profi able to transfer & large part of their cu| ital to the great money centres of th country and Europe, and employ the money in trading in exchange, untrati melled by usury laws. A. T. Stewart, the great dry gooi mlllionier of Now York city, bought large part of his foreign exchange fro the agents of the Bank of Charlesto What immediato benefit was this lari capital employed in New York to tl agricultural community in South Caro na? Did it moko money cheaper? ? Ifarmer or planter, as a rule, had hui credit in those days in any ordinary ci or country bank, for they all did thc business moro in New York than at the local ollices; the presidents carried t banks in their pockets. The planter i quiring advnncea was forced by thc abo system into the hands of the commissi' men-.who knew tho ropes, ami althouj 7 per cont, was the rate of interest th appeared on tho face of tho bonds, not ing was said of the commissions charg for finding the cash. The effect of t re-enactment of a usury law at the pr ont time would bo to derange anc c struct thc wholo financial machinery which the agricultural and mcchauh industries of the State aro carried o confidence in the integrity of thc peo] of South Carolina is being re-establish* and also in their ability to meet th mumme-!, ?-.nu tuc mei.-.e. i ?i WioUi would be to interfere by legislative ena mont* as little as possible with the rec? nized modes of transacting business, law which could be enacted would could annul existing contracts. Thi miiBt expire by their own limit?t! The signs of tho times indicate that fr natu:ul causes interest here in Soi Carolina, as elsewhere, must d?cret Already ha? money fallen from 12 ; cent, por annual to 7 or 8. With an crcaw in our material resources, a furt reduction is ccrt??ii ; confidence ? bring out the secret boards now un? ployed, and the lenders become nu rr . ous and the- borrower? comparativ few. Tho great principle which under this question is one that has alw Sromincntly influenced the minds . onthern men. and particularly mer i South Carolina. L?gislative interfere with personal richta have at no t . found favor, in this State. The usury , may be placed in thc same category v t the Puritan bine luws and tho mod I Maine liquor and prohibition laws, v I which you areall familiar. I for on? I ?ot desire to toe tho Grangers of Sc . Carolina putting themselves on recor s advocates of such measures as th? . laws simply enacted to satisfy pop i clamor, which neither those, who cry loudest for-their passage or the lcgisl . who enact them intend to obey. i Orangey rami rise above these petty i siderations, and look to thc true interests of the whole people, not to those which are supposed to benefit one class at the expense of the others. A law that can not fail to embarruss thc mercantile and mechanical classes must also in the end hear hardly upon tho agricultural, and no legal enactment regulating interest can make money plentiful r.nd Tenders of it accomn't dating. But a good govern ment, honest officials, industrious farmers, and prosperous r.iert'lmnts. with home manufacturers, making a home market for the produce of the soil, these arc. and have been, the wants of South Ct?-?i?ua, and these alone can bring capital into the State and true prosperity to her peo ple- _______ MARIE'S ??E?GKTS Hu. milde*- Desperate Effort _t l/reder lcksburg to Storm au Impregnable Fortress. From noon to dark Burnsido contin ued I... hurl one division after another against that volcanic-like eminence, belching forth fire and smoko and iron hail. Frene i's division was tho first to rush to the assault. When it emerged from cover a id burst out on the open plain, in full view of the enemy, it was greeted with a frightful fiery reception from all his batteries on tho circling summit. The ridge concentrated upon it the convergent fire of all its enginery of war. You might see at a mile tho lanes made by tlc cannon balla in tho ranks. You might see a bursting shell throw up into the air a cloud of earth and dupt, mingled with the limbs of men. The batteries in front of tho devoted di vision thundered against it. To tho right, to the left, cannon were nnowering to each other in a tremendous deafening battle chorus, the burden of Welcome to these madmen about to die. The advance column vas thc focus, the point of concentration, of an arc-nl mo8t semicircle-of destruction. It was a centre of attraction of all deadly mis siles. At that moment that single divis ion was going up alone in battle against the Southern Confederacy, and was tyeing pounded to pieces. It continued to go up, nevertheless, toward the stone wall, ?"toward the crest above. With lips more firmly pressed together, the men closed up their ranks and pushed forward. Tho storm of battle increased its fury U|?on bim ; the crash of musketry mingled with the roar of ordnance from the peaks. The stone wall and the rifle pits added their terrible treble to the deep bass of tlie bellowing .idge. The rapid discharge of small arms poured a con tinuous rain of bullets in their faces; they fell down by tenB, by scores, by hundreds. When they had gained a large part of the distance, tho storm de veloped into a hurricane of ruin. The division was blown back, as if by the breath of bell'- door suddenly nnenad. shattered, disordered, pell mell, down the declivities, amid tho shouts and yells of the enemy, which made tho horrid din demonical. Until then the division seemed to be contending with the wrath of brute and material forces bent on its annihilation. Thia shout recalled the human agency in all the turbulence and .fury of the scene. The division of French fell back-that is to Bay, one-half nf it. It Buffered a loss of near half its numbera. Hancock immediately charged with o.OOO men, veteran regiments led by tried commanders. They saw what had happened ; they kuew what would befall them. They advanced up tue hill; the bravest were found dead within twenty five paces of the stone wall ; it was slaughter, havoc, carnage. J.n fifteen minutes they were throwu back with a loss of 2,000-unprecedented severity of loss. Hancock and French, repulsed from the stone wall, would not quit the hill altogether. Their divisions, lying down on the earth, literally clung to the ground they had won. These valiant men, who could not go forwaid, would not go back. AU the while the batteries on the heigh tr. raged - nd stormed at them. Howard'V division came to their aid. Tvro divisions of tho Ninth Corps on ueir left attacked repeatedly in their support. It was then that Burnside rode down from the Phillipa House, on the Northern side of theRappahannock, and standing on the bluff nt tue river, staring at thoso formidable heights, exclaimed, "That crest muBt be curried to-night." Hooker remonstrated, begged, obeyed, in the army to hear is to obey. Ho pre pared to charge with Humphrey's divis ion ; bc brought up every available bat tery in the city. "I proceeded," ho said, "against their barrier as I would against a fortification, ard endeavored to breach a hole sufficien* '/ large for a forlorn hope to enter." Ho continued the cannonad ing on the selected spot until sunset. Ho made no impression upon their works, "no more than you could make upon tho side of a mountain of rock." Humph rey's division formed under shelter of the rise, in column, for assault. They were directed to make the attack with empty muskets ; there was no time then to load mid fire. The ofiiccrs were put in front to lead. A', the command they moved forward with great impetuosity ; they charged nt* a run, hurrahing. Tho foremost of them advanced to within fifteen or twenty yards of the stone wall. Hooker afterwards said: "No campaign in the world ever Baw a ?nore gallant ad vance than Humphrey'c men made there. But they were to do a work no man could do." In a moment they were hurled back with enormous loss. Il was now just dark ; tho attack was Bospcnded. Three times from noon to dark the can non on the crest, the musketry at the stone wall had prostrated division after division on Marve's Hill. And now the sun had Bet; twilight had etolen out of the west and spread her veil of dusk ; the town, the flat, thc hill, the ridge, lay under the ''circling canopy ot night's extended abade." Darkness and gloom had settled down upon the Phillips House, over on the Stafford Heights, where Burr,.de would after awhile (iola his council of war. LIGHTNING STRIKING A THAIN.-An incident of a recent thunder storm, as noticed by a passenger on a train on the New York Midland railroad, ia thus de scribed by the Middletown /VCM .* The storm was terrific. Crash after crash of thunder, with blinding lightning, accom C?anied by a deluge efrain and nail, fid owed them. At one time tho train seemed to be enveloped in a sheet of elec trical fire. A fearful crash preceded, and instantly the engine waa in a volume ol electricity. Balla of fire encircled thc driving wheels aa they revolved with . t-.v...r__-_?__:--Q_IA.-.! I rollin inj; ipuiui.;. UU^IUIMI unuuibiu beheld the phenomenon with wonder and awe,'and supposing tho end of ?ll ?!MU?:/ waa at banu involuntarily shut off thc steam. Nearly every person cu the train experienced a aevere shod.. A large tree by the track waa shattered. Thc chock lasted but a moment. When sat isfied that nothing had been injured, thc engineer started tho iron horse on with i loud whistle toward Norwich. - Moderu marriage, says a eontcmpo rary, begins with a court and ends witl n twirl, THIEVES BY BIRTH. Persons lu Whom thc Piopeiislty to ?teal lu Irresistible, I won invited to a jail in Massachu setts by a young lawyer, who lias since become United States Senator, to exam ine the head of a client of bib whom he waa to defend on the charge of stealing. No information was given as to his alleged crime, and wo described tho young man as being abnormally acquisi tive, or selfish in respect to possession : that he bad very strong veneration, and would manifest much religious devotion, and would be sincero in it ; while with his small cautiousness and conscicntions ucss and very large acquisitiveness he would be likely to trespass upon the rights of others iu me way of stealing. i At this point the lawyer told tho ?oung man he might tell me what he ad told him (tho lawyer.) Ho went on 1 to relate that he had been in the hr.bit of stealing everything, whether ho want- 1 cd it or not ; that ho would gc io prayer meeting and take tho opportunity of 1 praying two or three times during thc ' evening, and sometimes on the way ! home he would bc inspired with a dcvo- 1 tional feeling, and would kneel down in : thc comer ot tho fence alone, and have . a season of prayer that was sweot and 1 heavenly to him ; and, strange as it may ? seem, if he saw a boo hanging ou a j farmer's fence, or a whifllc-treo chain, or pin of a cart neap, or a beetle and weuV ges, or an old ax, half-worn, ho would ' steal it, and afterward it would occur to 1 him that he could not usc the articles, * nobody would buy them, and his only 1 way was to conceal them ; and ho rc- 1 marked that there was a hollow log lying 1 in a small piece of wood in which he had secreted the articles which he had 1 stolen becauuo ho claro not carry them ' homo nor offer them for sale. But it < seemed to him that he could not help I stealing them ; the impulse came on, and though he was sincero in his religious ' devotions, and exceedingly happy in I their performance, bc seemed to himself I to be left to the temptation of tho devil I when anything which might bo stolen ' was left in his way. < A mun who was a minister called for < nn examination, and at thc end of a long and sharp analysis of his character, in 1 which acquisitiveness and secretiveness I had been described as strongly developed I and'very active, and also conscientious- I ness and cautiousness hud been estimated ' as large, he seemed unwilling to go, but ' walked up aud down the room for several I minutes, as if he had some burdened < question bc wanted to ask and yet was > afraid to ask. Turning to him, I said : ? "Do you wish to ask any questions ?" 1 "Yes, he said ; "there is ono thing I about mo which you do not seem to have 1 described. If you will tell mo that, I i will believe in phrenology." I instantly replied : "You have au inclination to I stjM.1. l.?? ..-~K..l.l..- ?~ -! from it." He opened his eyes with ter- ' rilied astonishment, and, giving mo such i a fierce gaze as never will bo forgotten, 1 remarked : "Sir, that is true. That is ' my trouble. I am a clergyman, sir, and I hope that I am a true one ; yet 1 have all < my life long been tempted to steal, and i in my parochial visits often have an im- 1 pulse come over me to take something ; i and if left alone in a room I do take it ; I and sometimes it requires hulf an hour : to find a eon ve n ie nt opportunity to get thc article thus taken out of my pocket ? and back upon the shelf or table where 1 it belongs. , It may bc a shell which every Sunday school child in thu purisu knows; it may be an old hymn book with a name written on it, and half worn . out-things which i do not need, and could not use if I did need them, with- ; out the theft being detected." And he remarked, with tears tumbling down his face : "By the help of God, I have been able, hitherto, to refrain from carrying j away anything which 1 had thus, under the impulse, stolen." Twenty-five years ago them was a well to-do farmer's wi'e in Connecticut who had au impulse to steal only one kind of au article, and that was bluo stockings. If she were driving, iu the middle of n bright afternoon, a mile from home, whore she and the horse and wagon wore well knowu, and slu caught sight of a pair of blue stockings hanging on a line in tho yard with other clothing, she would stop her team, get out of the wagon, go into the yard in front of the rooms where the family were working, and jerk those stce!k:"3s otT tho Hue, leaving a dozen pairs of oilier colors, return to her wagon, whip up thc team and get out of tho way. If she had been a stranger, whose peculiarity was un known, sho would have been followed and arrested and punished ; but every body knew that she had that queer mo nomania for bluo stockings. I examined a man's bend and described him a? being very fond of money, hap pening, of course, to uso that term, money, instead of property, aud it made quito a sensation because it was known that he would steal money, and he did not hesitate to talk about it himself. But he would steal nothing else, no matter how valuable, though he kucw ho might be detected.-phrenological Journal. A POWDER MILL.-A powder-mill is not in the least liko other mills. In stead of one great building, it is com posed of many rough-looking little sheds, sometimes as many as seventy or eighty. These aro long distances apart, separated by denso woods and great mounds of earth, so that if ono "house" is blown up the others will escape a liko fate. Uf some the walls arc built very strong, and the roofs very slight, in the hope that if an explosion happens, its force will he expanded upward only. Other houses have enormous roofs of masonry covered with earth ; the roofs of others aro taukB Thc constant danger, inseparable from the work, would be gradually increased wcro there not strict rules, always en forced. No cautious visitor can be more careful than tho workmen themselves, for they know, if an explosion happons, it will bo certain, instant death to them. So no lights or fires are ever allowed ; no one lives nearer tho mills than can be helped ; some of tho buildings are car peted with hkins, and the floors aro al [ ways kept flooded with on inch or two of .""'er ; and in front cf every dcor is a shallow tank of water. Beforo entering, every person must put on rubber shoes and walk through this water, for the nails in boot heels might strike a spark : from a bit of sand or gravel, which might explode a Bingle gram of gunpow : der, and cause widespread disaster. So ? the rubber shoes worn in the. mills are ' never worn elsewhere. Then, too, every L one is expected to keep his wits about ' him : there, is never any loud talking or 1 laughter, and no ono ever thinks of 1 shouting. Yet, with all this extremo ' care, explosions sometimes occur, and ! then ;hc.v !s seldom any one left to tell how it happened.-St. fficholaa Magazine. i - The husbaud who informed his wife six mouths ago that he would let ber put out the waoniag os soon os times un - prov 1, has kept his promise. He lota i her put it out-on tho lind And still .be M not happy. The Temperance Movemenu The interest in tho causo of temper ance, now spreading so rapidly, ia simi lar to that which tho cruBado excited a few your? ago. They are alike in that they both look to the Lord for help and deliverance, nnd in depending upon prayer, tho Bible and singing, as tho chief means of carrying forward the work. Tho activo workers in the crusade were women, but wherever it went all christian hearts became enlisted, and in many places the meetings for prayer, conference and singing, were continued through the day and until late nt night. Of course such a method could not bo come general or jv:m:>.nont. but it was a time of seed Bowing-of casting the bread upon thc waters, which will bo gathered many days hence. The crusade had many opponents but it made a profound impression upon the conscience of tho world. Its influence will never die. It flccmed to be tho de spairing struggle of many of God's suf fering, distressed ones, and ho honored them and sent deliverance os an carnost of bettor things to come. That was the prelude to tho work now spreading over the country, which we believe will be followed by greater things than wo have )'.t seen. So certainly tus right ia to tri umph and Christ is to put all enemies under his feet, shell this giant evil of intemperance be slain. Tho Bible plain ly teaches that Christ is to rule the world, and that all that will not yield to him shall bo destroyed. We believe tin's as confidently as wc believe the word af God. intemperance is tho great evil af tho world. It is a monster transmit ted to us from past ages. Such on evil could not grow up in a singlo century. It has not only como down upon us from tho past ages, but it so infects the inebri ate that it is entailed upon tho chi! iron of tho drinker, generation after generation. It is a fearful inheritance! lt must be checked and destroyed or it ?viii over-rido and destroy everything ;ood, to all that is most dear to the chris tian. If not checked, it will fal! upon tho next generation with moro crushing tveight. Aro tho christians of thc pres ent willing to leave such an accumulated :urse to those who oro to como after thom ? liiis would icavo tho future dark, indeed. Hod, wo think, is plainly indicating that thin is not his will, for ho Beems to be itirring a spirit of resistance in thc minds of his people throughout the ivoild. May not tho timo bo ut hand ivhen he shall marshal hi? forces, and set them in army for tho overthrow of this memy? There is no other evil that has such a mastery over the world, and with mt the Divine aid there is no deliverance. Christian men nnd women must consider their duty in tnich a time, for without GJod there can be no general reform. He is clearly showing his willingness to work arith the people. The Lord is against, the evil, nnd tue timo boa como for il to kc "snows ".he arc cn thc Lord's side The work and interest now springing up should receive tho most prayerful atten tion of ministers and churches every tvhere, for if the evil goes on unheeded there will soon bo no pince left the church. God can do great things through his people when they are truly united with him. They must agree in asking him, and it is the agreement in thia that is the encouraging^ feat _ rc of tho efforts made of late. There is certainly no power outside of tho Church to check and remove the evil. This is BO because God is in his Church, and works through lt. He leads it in every necessary con flict. Tiiero is no promise of success without him. But if through indiffer ence or unbelief the Church fails to fol low him, golden opportunities may pass, and tho unmitigated evil will movo on, crushing out the life and hopo of the world. The church has not* been faith ful in the post, or tho evil could not have grown to its present proportions. God could hnve mustered it long ngo, but the people did not look to him nor ask him to help them to destroy it. Ho can de stroy it now as easily ." at any future time, and will, we believe, if his people will rally under him. This is tho call the Church is now receiving. Tho press and pulpit must send forth the call until every one who truly loves God and his fellowmen it? stirred and moved to action by it. Thc Church must go up to higher grounds. Right sentiments must be dis seminated. The Church-ministers and members-must go forward. God calls, and the sea will divido when his people move forward in faith. Who does not hear the call?-Cumberland Presbyterian. A REMARKABLE INVENTION.-Anoth er invention pertaining to electricity, quito as wonderful as the telephone, though, porhaps, less calculated to attract Eopular notice, bas recently been secured y patent in the United States lo a Swed ish inventor. The apparatus is an auto matic railway signal, which enables the station officials to know the precise posi tion of any train nt any time ; it givua sound signals to the engineer, and at thc station before the train enters, thus ena bling switches lo be cleared and arranged in titne to prevent accident. If two trains approach each cthor, whether run ning in the same or opposite directions, tho engineers of both trains receive sig nals in limo to prevent collision, and thc station pcoplo are at the Burne time auto matically iuformed of the position of both trains. Any truin may, by stopping nt certain points of tho road where "con tracts arc arranged, open telegraphic communication with tho stations at both ends of the route, nnd two trains may in the same manner telegraph to each other. A complete record is automatically kept at each station of tho speed of euch train and of the exact time it euters or leaves the station. Stop signals may bo sont ut any rime from tho stations to any train while moving. Tho apparatus may be srrangchi vi &?uu c?i|> ... u?i?gei mantua to trains approaching swinging bridges which are not properly locked and fas tened. When this invention shall have been generally introduced, railroad acci dents will be almost impossible.- Chicago Journal of Commerce. A SMART TH INO.-How many people are there who really know how to make a mustard plaster ? Not ono in a hun dred at tho most, perhaps, and yet mua tard plasters are used in every family, mid phvsir.ian?. prescribe tho application. Tho ordinary way is to mix the" mustard with water, tempering it with a little flour ; but auch a plaster aa thia makes ia simply abominable. Be fore it has half dono its work it begins to blister the patient, and leaves him finally with a painful flayed Bp?t, after having produced far leas e t in a beneficial W?y wiS? Vi".is intvni!i-.I. N?w, ct iii?s??id plaster should never blister at all. If a mister ia wau'.. ], lhere uro other plasters far better than mustard plaster; then, uso no water, but mix tho mustard with the white of an egg, and the result will be a plaster which will "draw" perfectly, but will not produce a blister on the skin of an infant, no matter how long it is al lowed to remain on the part. - "Ma, go down on your hands aud knees a minuto, please." "What on earth shall I do that for, pot ?" '"Cauw J want- to draw an elephant," ?1 'S SPEECH. Th? Vcterau Creates a Sensation lu ? lidtiiburg-A Remarkable Speech. Tho correspondent of tho Now Yorl Herald, writing from Ediaburg of thc Pan-Presbyterian Council, thus speak' of a venerable divine whose name is a "tower of strength" in this community: Any account of the personnel of thc council would be incompleto without special reference to Dr. William 8, Plumer, of South Carolina, its veteran, This grand old mnu-in his eighty eighth year, with his long, snowy hail and patriarchal beard-might BUggcat tho idea] Hip Van Winklo were his mind not so wide awake. Dr. Plumer wae onco minister cf tho church of Frod cricksburg, and indeed .'or a generation was the Prosbyteriau giant of Virginia, Ho was tho lending man of a once fa mous convention which met nt Rich mond to consider the educational condi tion of that Stato. Thero ho opposed tho lute Samuel M. Janney, who wanted tho free school system, but complimented that modest Quaker, paying, "A city that is set on a hill cannot bo bid." Hi? epigrammatic utterances were widely known, as when ho said, as an offset to a revivalist who said that ho wanted "to get up a revival," that ho (Plumer) wanted "to get down a revival." Dr. Plumer, aged as ho is, has made ono of tho most powerful impressions on tho council. It was when co-operation in missions was the subject that bo arose to mako an appeal for missions among tho negroes of tho Southern States. It was plain that tho old scholar's erudi tion and devoutness had borne him far nbot-e all vulgar prejudices against the negro. The promise, "Ethiopia shall stretch her hnnds," was raised by him against tho superstition he rebuked that there was soino special curso on Africans. Ho related somo touching anecdotes of that race, showing their heroism and piety, and warned tho church that they were not exhibiting ns much wisdom as tho Catholics in winning so desirable an element as tho Southern negroes. Ro man Catholics, ho said, aro building chapels everywhere and inviting colored pcoplo into them. Ho onco told his the ological class in Columbia, South Caro lina, that ho did not think the Catholics would mako much headway with thc colored people, becnuso theso woro so noisy in their worship and so fond ol taking part in public worship, but ono ol his class told him he had been to one oi those Catholic churches, and tho noisiest ho ever heard. Ile (Dr. Plumer) had found it so ; tho order had gone out from Romo, "nover mind tho noise if you get thc men." Tho speaker seemed inspired with tho theme. Ho declared tho most eloquent preacher ho ever beard in his Ufa was a black man from Tennessee ; that tho only woy to convert Africa, and forever end tho odious slave trade, was to make u milieu1 cubit vO Wi Ti ?u? lic?rts of tho colored people in America. It was a very remarkable np cc ch this of Dr. Plumer, especially as tho working of a high and human spirit in the heart of that Stato which was onco so especially associated with tho "cursed-be-Canaan" theory of tho African race. Education and Agriculture. If "knowledge is power," as the civil ized world admits, tho agriculturist') of tho nations have but to educate them selves in order to supersede the power of the trades and professions, and give laws to their respectivo countries. This would be placing tho "bottom rail on top," since nearly all trades and profession!! rose into power and respectability before the plodding uneducated farmer. Through all generations of the past he has been the football, tho servant of aris tocracy, tho stuff of bread to supporting his country, but too humble in rank tc sharo its dignities. That long period ended, however, in the birth of tin. ~real republic. Henceforth all men were to bc considered as "born equal," and as pos ?essing "unalienable rights." Hence j forth men were to bo free to pursue theil happiness, and without thc trammels ol hereditary titles and government prefer ments. Henceforth intellect and genius was at liborty to shine from whatcvei rank or condition it might spring. Un der theso favorable circumstances, agri culture made a powerful advance in th? new world, and although it has not dont nil we had a right to expect, in view Ol the great advance in tho arts and sciences yet it lins now climbed to a sufficient height for its votaries to lift up their eyei and behold something of the glory of ?ti culminating powor. The establiHlimem of agricultural bureaus and colleges ir the States, the liberal appropriations al ready and yet to bo made by tho natior and tho States for tho development of itu branches, and the honorable character i is daily strengthening by acquisition: from all classes of society, warrants thi beliof that tho time is not far distan when ihe supremo power and governinj infiuenco of the United States will resid? In tho agricultural population. At pres ent, though possible, this is not tho fact While tho agriculturists are in vast ma jori ty, the trades and politicians actually rule thc country ; hence its turbulence and uncertainty. Politicians scheme fo ?romotion and trades seek for monopoly he conflicts of theso demoralize ant render unstable. On the other hand agriculture demands peace, and flourishes only in a atable, peaceful government This fact guarantees pacific rulo by agrl culture, and prosperity follows ns tin handmaid of peace. Now, in view o this bright futuro, it is the duty of tin farmer to give tho highest consid?r?tioi to thc advantages of education. Hj children should be educated at all haz ards. ' They should bo taught tho science in all their perfection, as a fitting prepa ration i?r wc oigu ni un> lu-ioie in; ni It is by the aid of these that agricuUur is to be carried to its highest perfection and it is by tho triumphs of agriculture that tho farmer is to take first rank il the classes of socioty. . LACING.-If all tho women insano 01 this subject were in tho asylums, the ac commodations would have to bo hugel; increased. The habit is a general ont and very injurious. A good authorit; says : "It has been found that the livei the ? li " rru and t li o ruiw.N of t'*S ??iO?iach have been brought into a diseased stat by this most pernicious habit. Losa o bloom, redness of tho nose, and eruption on tho skin aro among its effects. If pro longed, there is no knowing to what mal ady tight lacing may not lead. Its mos apparent effect is an an injured digestion and consequent loss of appetite. Of thu however, it is often ditneuit to convine the practiced lacer, for vanity is general ly obstinate. But, looking at tight lacing without consideration of ita effect o: health, and merely at its tendency to im prove or injure tbe appearance, nothin can be moro absurd than to believe it i advantageous to tho figure. A smal waist is rather a deformity than a beaut] To seo tho shoulders cramped an squeezed together is anything but agree I able. Tho figuro should bo cary, wei : developed, supple. If naturo has ne i made tho waist small compre?B?on catinc mend her world" Xvi? P????u bj th? ?o?icr?i AS??iii?j?j at the Extra Session of 1877. AN ACT to amend sections 65 and 06, Ctiapter CXX, of tho Revised Statutes, relative to liens on crops. SECTION 1. Be ii maded, by tho Senate and ilouBoof Representatives of the State of South Carolina, now met and sitting in General Assembly, and by the author ity of the name, That Sections 55 and 56, Chapter CXX, of the Revised Statutes, relativo to liena on cropa, and all amend ments thereto, are hereby repealed on and after the lat of January, 1878. SEC. 2. That all acts and parts of acts inconsistent with thia act are hereby re pealed. Approved June 8, 1877. AN ACT lo umcud 'Section 15 of Coupler XXX?X or tho General Statutes, re lating to the power in school districts to lqvy and collect special taxes for achool purposes. SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and 1 louse, of Repr?sentatives of the .State of South Carolina, now met and j sitting in General Aasombly, and by the authority of the aame, That Section 15 j of Chapter XXXIX of the General Stat ute- bo, and the same ia hereby amended, j by striking out nil subdivision 4 of said section. SEC. 2. All acts and parts of acte in consistent with thia act be. and the aame uro hereby, ropealed. Approved June 8, 1877. AN ACT to prohibit tho unauthorised Ab sence of certain officers from duty. SECTION 1. Bc it enacted by the Senate and Houao of Representative:! of tho State of South Carolina, now met and Bitting, in General Assembly, and by the author ity of tho same, That no State or county officer, oxcept raembera of tho General j Assembly and tho Governor, sha!) be ab sent from tho State during his term of office for moro than thirty days in any one year without special permiaaion, to bo granted by tho Governor of the State. SEC. 2. Any auch officer violating tho Srovisiona hereof shall forfeit to tho tate, upon conviction, tho amount of the salaries nnd perquisites of their offices for the year io which aaid absence occurs. Approved Juno 7,1877. AN ACT to reduce and fix the per diem and mileage of members of tho General Aasombly. SUCTION 1. Be il enacted by tho Senate and House of Represe uta ti vea of the State of South Carolina, now met and Bitting in General Assembly, and by the authority of the aame, That each mem ber of tho General Assembly shall here after receive for each regular session rive dollars por diem for each dav during tho session; and when convened in extra ees aiou each member shall receive tho name mileage and per diem compensation as aro fixed for the regular xesaion, and none Otil?.. SEC. 2. That hereafter each member of tho General Assembly shall bo entitled to receive mileage at tho rate of ten cents per mile for the actual distance traveled, by the most direct route, whilst going to and returning from the place where the session of tho General Assembly shall be held. 8F.C. 3. This net shall, oxcept as to tho , special session that wa? begun to bo holden on the 24th day of April, 1877, take effect immediately alter ita passage, and all nota and parts of acta inconsistent herewith shall thon and thereafter be _i j_i _ r _ . ir luiu a nu vii itu cucub. Approved June 7,1877. JOINT RESOLUTION io appoint a com mission to investigate the salo of the Columbia Canal. SECTION I. Beil Resolved by the Sen ate <tnd House of Representatives of the Sta., of South Carolina, new met and ' sitting in General Assembly, and by the ? authority of the aame, That a commission - consisting of thc Attorney General and 1 three members of tho General Assembly, ' two of whom to be appointed by the ' Speaker of the House and one by the ' President of tho Senate, bo raised for the ' purpose of investigating tho salo of tho ' Columbia Canal and its appurtenances by 1 a commission of this State. SEC. 2. That it shall be the duty of ' said cominis sion to inquire into tho mr n ' ner of Haid nalo, the consideration re ; coi ved by the State therefor, and whether j. or net the State is bound thereby ; aud ' also to inquire whether the purchasers i have duly complied with the conditions ? of said Bale ; and whether thc said prop 5 erty hos not reverted to the State by rea 1 aon of thu non-compliance with the con - ditions of said sale. 1 SEO. 8. That said commission shall . have power to call for persons and papers, 1 and to administer oaths to witnesses be 1 foro them ; and that a majority of the 1 member? of tho said commission shall 1 have powor to act in all cases. > 3 SEO. 4. That auch commission shall ' conduct said investigation without delay I and report the remit to the Governor, to 3 be by him transmitted to the. General . Aasombly ; and that until the meeting of . tho General Assembly the Governor ia . authorized to take such action on the re I port as may be nejes sa ry to protect the 3 intorcata of the State and others. r Approved Juno 7,1877. 1 AN ACT to rondcr officers of corpora I tiona personally responsible in certain 9 cases. Be it enacted by tho Senate and House ' of Representatives of tho State of South .1 Carolina, now met and sitting in General ' Assembly, and by the authority of the 3 same, That, on and after tho passage, of 1 this act, it shall bo deemed a felony for 9 any president, director, manager or ' cashier, or other officer of any banking 8 institution, to receive any deposita or . I trusts, or to create any debts for such . corporation, after ho shall becomo aware e that such corporation ia insolvent. And > every officer X>f auch failing corporation 0 shall become personally liable to tho' 1 amount of such deposita or trusts received by him, or with bis knowledge or assent, in any auch case, to the person thereby ri damaged, whether criminal prosecution . be mudo or not. And. all persona con j victed for felony, aa herein provided, ?, shall be punished by imprisonment for a y term of not lesa than ono year, and by a -, fine of not leas than $1,000. ?t Approved May 31,1377. JOINT RESOLUTION to authorize the Gov ernor to effect a loan. Be it resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Sute of Sooth Carolina, now met and sitting in lionera! Aasombly, and by thc authority of the same, That the Governor be authorised to borrow on the credit of tho State, the aura of $100.000, !f so much be necessary, io anticipation of Abe taxes to bc collect ed undor tho act t> raise supplies for the currant fiscal year, on such terms as ha deems adv??abio. Approved Juno 7,1877. AN ACT to amend section 1 chapter 69 of the roviaed statutes, and t?? niulmrixe tho Governor to oppo'at Regents of the Lunatic Aaylum from Richland County. Be il enacted by the Senats and Hen* i of Repr?sentatives 0f *|he Stat* ul P*HMH? . L?O AL ADVeilTmifGc-^ti ma compelled le rtanita cash tiKiuwnl* (nr ?j1?jr?tU?? ^-JL.,_^-JI t-_ Eij:u(or?, Administrators and otfaci3 fiduciaries .ca horcwltb append the ?tea for the 'rdlnary nerttec*, wb'eh wili^nly be Inserted whim th? monty etoHWitfi thec/rder: Citation*, tva lnsertionr, .... $8.09 Estato Notice?, tbreo ?ncert?oft?. - - 2.on l iuM?fiti ierflenu, aro lofts 4 ". 11.00 a tte ii t?o n, cito mun kaT?ow"?. iw t^ie'?c?oinipon ted by the true name and address of the writer, fee. Jected Manuscript* will not be returned, unless the neeeaeaunr atamos ere fun? Uh wi to reps; the postese thereon." <JW We are not responsible for the views and opinions of otrr correspondents. All communications should be addressed .?"Ed itora Intelligencer," end all checks, drafts, money orders, dc., should be made payable to the order Of E. IS. MUMBA Y ? CO., Anderson,6. C. vviti ulina, now mel atm sitting in General Asserriblv, and by the authority of the same, That section 1, chapter GS of the revised statutes be, and the same is here by, amended so as to read as follows: "That the Governor shall appoint nine Regents of the Lunatic Asylum, who shall hold office for six years from tho day of appointment, except upo.? the oc currence of a vacancy in tue regency, when the Governor shall fill the same by an appointaient for tho unexpired term only. The Regent'! shall be appointed from Richland County, and shall receive neither mileage, per diem or other, com pensation for their services.".. Approved June 7, 1877. AN ACT to prohibit the sale of seed cot ton between the time of tiie setting and rising nf the sun, and to regulato the sale of seed cotton. SECTION ?. Beit enacted by ihe Senate and House of Representatives of the Stato of South Carolina, now mee and sitting in General, Assembly, and by the authority of the same, That os and after the passage of this act, it shall not be lawful for any person to buy, or sell, cr receive by way of barter, exchango or trafile of any sort, any seed cotton, bo tween the hours of sun-down and sun rise of any day. SEC. 2. That any person who shall vio late the provisions of section 1 of this act, shall, upon conviction iu the Court of General Sessions, or of a Trial Justice, be fined the sum of $50, or imprisoned in the county jail for the period of thirty days, or both, in the discretion of the court, SEC. 3. That all acts or parts of acts inconsistent with this act, bo, and tho same aro hereby, repealed. Approved June 8, 1877. AN ACT to reduce and fix tho price of dieting prisoners. Be it enacted by tho Senate and HOURO of Representatives of tho State of South Carolina, uow met and sitting io General Assembly, and by the authority of tho same, That hereafter the Sheriffs of tho different counties in this State shall be entitled to charge and receive thirty cents per diem for dioting prisoners, and no more ; any law or UBOge to the contrary notwithstanding. Approved June 8, 1877. SAVE THE OLD PAPER.-Never throw away old paper. If you hnvo no wish to soil it, UBO it in tho house. Some house keepers prefer it to cloth for cleansing many articles of furniture. For instance, a volume written by a lady who prided herself on her experience and tact, any ii. After a stove has boon blackened, it can be kept looking very well for a long timo by rubbing it with paper every morning. Rubbing with paper is a much nicer woy of keeping tho outside of a teakettle, coffee pot and tea pot bright and clean than the oid wav of washing thurn in suds-rubbing with paper ia" airo the best way of polishing knives, tin ware and spoons ; they ehino like new silver. For polishing mirrors, windows, lamp chimneys, etc., paper is better than dry cloth. Preserves and pickles keep much better if brown paper, instead of cloth, is tied over the jar. Canned fruit is not apt to mould ff a piece of writing paper cut to fit the can is laid directly on the fruit. Paper is much better to put under a carpet than straw. It is warmer, thin ner, and makes less noise when one walks over it. - The steamer City of New York, ar rived at San Francisco f*ora Sydney, brings tho news that the American flag bas been hoisted at Samoa, and alle giance formally tendered to the United ita tes. - Arlington will not be surrendered to the heirs of Gen. Lee without a strug ?;le. Tho first point in the legal battle s that the ownership rests in tho United States, which cannot bo sued by an indi vidual. - There is scandal over the disrespect shown to tho bones of Gen. Custer while on-transit, recently, from tho Yellow stone battle-field to Chicago. On arriv ing at Fort Lincoln the remains wore do posited in a shed, where they lay several days, and wero thence transferred to a freight-car nt Bismarch, and on the whole journey they wero dumped around in freight-cars and handled as if they were ordinary baggage or a roll of buffalo rubes. - We believe tho estimated population of the South is 12,000,000 souls, one-third of whom are negroes. 8,000,000 of this population doubtless livo in the cotton belt, and purchase two-thirds of the meat they annually consume. The Georgia Commissioner of Agriculture says that State buys annually ^18,000,000 worth of meat. Allowing an average expenditure, based upon this data, for each of the other cotton States, there can be no ques tion but that the cotton States spend an nuaiiy one hundred millions or dollars for the meat they consume. This is al lowing twelve and a half dollars per cap ita for the annual consumption of bought meat by the men, women and children of the cotton States. If this were paid for in cash it would buy enough to do al most two years ; but os tho bulk of it is bongbt on a credit, nearly twice as much Ts paid for it as it is worth. Wo aro con vinced that if each family in the South were to buy in October an Esccr pig, (wo have no pigs for sale) that by the end of twelvo months there would be enough home-raised meat in the South to save one-fourth of that vast amount bf money, if theso pigs received daily thc slops from the kitchens which are now thrown away. Think of it ; ther Blops of our Southern households - properly utilized are worth about $25,000,000 annually. - A representativo of the New York Tribune, travelling in Louisiana, thinks that would be a far more attractive coun try for Northern invalids than Florida, not becaoEO one threatened with or suf fering from, consumption (which, in some form or other, seems to be a sort of universal disease among Northerners) could or would be mora easily and surely cured there than in Florida, but because an investment in a sugar plantation would yield more immediate and heavier returns ir. monc ihsrt s.- crispe TOVO: Well) if money and its heavy interest is what is needed to cure consumption, we would think U. would matter out little when or where it was invested. This Tribune writer thinks that, from an in vestment of $10,000, any judicious North ern farmer would r?alit? a net income annually of $8.000 freu a sogar planta tion. Just so. We never saw a"North j ern man but that thought ho could invest in a Southern farm and moko money, habd-over-fiat. And wo have seen a good many of them try it in South Carolina and other Southern States, and. where one succeeded, twenty broke. They be lieve all Southerners are lazy and don't work, (which, we are soi ry to fear, ia not an unfounded accusation) and all that !a necessary to maka & fortune is a little Yankee vim and porno voran co. Expe rience hes taught hundreds of them tn?t Yankee habits don't bear luxuriant fr?'* on Southern farms,