The Anderson intelligencer. (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, July 05, 1877, Image 1
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FENCE OR NO FENCE,
MB. EDITOR: Boeing it announced in
your paper that your columna were open
for discussion on Ute feuce law, I proposo
to say a few things. I am not in the
habit of . writing newspaper articles, and
do not now propose to do anything more
than offer a fow thoughts upon the pro?
posed change.
First, I am surprised to sec that any
man opposes .5? law requiring o very man
f? fcccp. his stock inside of bis own en
closure. Certainly no man can con
scientiously say that he believes it to bo
just and fair for him to turn out his stock
to roam over tbo country at largo, making
it alMuilutniy. nci-oisary for his neighbor
Ur koop up fencing at great cost \o keep
hi*1 and other people's stock from destroy
ing bis crop.
I have boen BO situated, Mr. Editor,
for a great number of years, that I have
had good opportunities to Bec and know
that moro little difficulties get up in
neighborhoods from the trespassing of
Block and abuse of them after trespassing
by getting over old dilapidated fences
than anything else. The way tho law
now stands there is probably not one
dozen farms in Anderson County now
enclosed by a lawful fence. I am satis
fied now, and havo been for tho last
twenty-five years, that the present fonce
law is all wrong, and wc should at once
adopt thc present proposed change.
li is argued by somo that this change
would damage the poor man. How
stands the case? Is it not in tho power
of tho land owner to keep any man's
stock off of his land. Could he not fence
up the whole of it, and no man dare say
no ? or, is ino iand-owner now bound by
law to furnish those who havo no land
pasturage for their stock ? Certainly,
every man would say ac 1 Is it not just
that it bhould bo so ? But pass this pro
posed chango, and every employer is~
then bound by law to furnish pasturage
for Btock for his laborers, provided they
help keep up tho pasturo feuce. Now,
does it not benefit the renter, for this
change, by law, furnishes bim pasturage
on certain conditions. Tho presont law
docs not make any such provision.
Bo it docs seem to me that in any view
of tho caso that the croper anolthoso who
own no land would bo the most benofit
tcd. One thing is very certain, they
have no right tu say io ino iand-owner,
"Sir, I will raako your land my pasturage
for my stock." If tho present proposed
chango is adopted, tho fanners could
spend all the time now lost repairing up
old rotten fences in composting and mak
ing homemade manures, giving them an
opportunity to spend much moro of their
time in preparing their lands, which
would every year bring their farms into
n higher state of cultivation. Mike ?he
change and farmers would be forced to
diversify their crops moro ; they would
have to sow tho grasses and sinai! grains
on a larger scale, thereby improving their
lands; and they would be forced to im
prove their, stock of all kinds, which
would certainly pay them. Fcaco up
tho stock and our old iicddn would im
prove much faster, aa I suppose every
man will admit thnt an old field now
fenced in will improve much faster than
ono when stock is permitted to forage.
This of itself is a sufficient reason to
change tho fence law. It is said it will
not do to turn hogs and sheep in ono
pa.iture. Why this has always been the
case ; .they have run together all thc time.
There aro certain ?canons of tho year
when it is necessary to look after tho
lam! ? This is now done, and will still
bc done, so this objection is not well
founded. It is said that high winds or a
storm might blow down thc pasture fence,
and turn out thc Btock ; and such a thing
might happen, but certainly if it did the
case would bc no worse than now under
the old law; and besides, it would not
occur often, and then a strong pasturo
feuce would bo moro likely to stand the
storm than our old fences. Wc should
all build good, ?ubstantial pasture fences,
and then keep our stock in our own en
closure. Do this and kill ali thc worth
less dogs in tho County, and we would
have good stock of all kinds, and plenty
of thom ; and what is better, securely
kept in our own pastures, and not troub
ling our noighbors. I bolievo it is just
as necessary for tho farming and stock
raising interest to make ibis chango in
tho fence law ns it . was:to chango our
political eituation by electing Hampton
Governor of our State. I have seen this
accomplished, and now I want losco tho
fence law changed.
Make this chaugo, and in three years
you will seo tito farming interest greatly
improved You will seo our broad and
meat mado at homo by tho raising of
more grain and tho diversity of crops ;
icss cotton rando and botter prices for it ;
tho poor man and tho rich man aliko
bonbfitted- a" working under tho new
chango togothor to a more prosperous
future. Farmer, study well before cast
ing a voto against thia chango. Pastures
can bo mado ou any farm in thc County
by preparing for it-sinking wells, which
will not cost much. All this about a
poor man having TO watk hali' ?? nulc
every day to water his Btock is stuff, for
such cases will bo very few; and if ho
docs havo to walk to water his stock it
will pay him in tho cud, and overybody
oise bo benefit ted by tho change.
And now, Mr, Editor, if wo fall to get
tho chango, I hope the Grand Jury of
our County will toke this matter in hand,
f'?r there is an old law of thia State,
called "Public Nuisances." Now, sir, if
tl>o turning out of old mules, oxen, cows
snd hogs, which tear dowu fencing and
destroy crops. Ac^is not ft publie nui
sance, I should Uko to know what is. I
now ask the Grand Jury of Anderson
County to take this matter into consider
ation at tho next Court, if wo fail lo get
thc chango now offered. Tho Grand
Jury would have as much right, I think,
tn investigate thia ns lo investigate any
other matter pertainirg to tho welfare of
tho County.
REFORM.
THE PENCE !?AW*
MB. EDITOR : Wo hod tho "no-taL
law" in operation on C?fico Creek ?fer
the recent storm, (of which we ejSe
last week.) It passed without a ?e
down this creek, and that, too, wiyL
vim added to it, which clearly proves kit
storms can blow down the fence aro^?
our fields and let the stock of Um wife
neighborhood on the crops, just os tA
as it can blow the fence of a p*b??
down, which would let in only a maA
own stock on his own crop. So you iu*
tell Mr. "Varcnnes" I would rather qi
crop would bo eaton by my own stow
than by the stock of my neighbors. <?
thc evening of thu sturm I had to buid|
up my horse-lot and enclose thc stock
several families to protect ray crop. ^
good pasturo fence would not be as liahj
to blow down as the rotten, rickety fencV
wo now have around our farms. I ai
satisfied, in my own mind, that it woul
be best to adopt the chango in our fe>?a
system, notwithstanding, thc bill is im
perfect, and amendments to the propose?
lnw will bc necessary to perfect it. Evei
as it is, it is better than tho present fonc?
law. I might say wc aro destitute of a
fenco Law at present, because we have
very few, if any, lawful fences in Ander
son County. It has been argued that if
wo adopt the change, the ponnlty clause
is deficient, and wo would be at the mercy
of unprincipled meu. Well, I think
that n remedy eau bc obtained on the
criminal sido of the Court, under the
head of malicious trespass ; and certainly
we will bo in no worse condition than at
present, as we have no lawful fence we
have no remedy against unprincipled
meu, und our crops are nt the mercy of
that class of men, and tho starving stock
that aro prowling around our farms every
day, aud gottiug more mischievous every
season. Many persons have not timber
to mako a lnwful fence, and those who
hnve cannot got the labor nnd pay thc
cost of making a fence around theil
forma sufficient to keep out tho cattle
owned by other people. Many persons
by experience have found that in ordei
to have milk and butter fofthcir families
thoy must make a pasture for their own
cows, as tho outside rango is worthless,
having been destroyed by the quid
growth of tho old-field pine. How cac
they afford to also keep up a fence around
ali their crop? in addition, just for thc
benefit of other people's stock ? Then
is no justice in such a course.
By calculation it is found that it will
cost $150 to fence in ono ouudred acre:
of land; ?9/<0 to fenco two hundred acres
$350 to fence five hundred acres. Bonn
persons say thul if the fenco law passes
they will fence in all their land. Well
the law will allow any man to have ai
much fenco ai ho wants to make ; but i:
it passes, his land-lines will bo equal t<
a lawful fence all around his land, whicl
he eau gee without splitting a rail, jus
by going to tho ballot-bos, putting in hi
vote and helping to pass the new law
That, you see, will bo much tho cheopes
way o?* getting a lawful fence around hi
land. It will only take half a day to di
that, and it will take, os above stated
$250 to fenco a two hundred acre tract
which is $1.25 per acre ; and in a ?Ui
hundred acre tract it will take $1.50 pe
acre. This ?3 a pretty heavy tax. Sucl
being the fac?-, I hope no man will say i
word, or even mention, thc small item o
tax he will have to pay to enclose th
County or his Township. Why, it wil
bo nothing in comparison. The one is ;
fraction-tho othor amounts to hundred
of dol?a?. I am satisfied the chang
will La better for the non-lntidholdef. I
will bring into cultivation nt least one
fourth moro land. There is on ever,
farm a numbor of acres that cnn be cult i
vated, if thc law passes, that now cannc
be, for tho want of timber, and on ac
count of thc cost of fencing it; and a
the rate of routs is according to suppl
and demand, tho land-owner can affor
to givo the renter a better chance, nn
make more thau he does now. Tb
chnngc will give riso to improvement i
stock, and one cow will be worth thrc
of our present stock. iS?ii?o may ml
how will that come about? It will natu
rally tako place in vnrious wnys. Asi
now is, I cannot afford to send off t
80uio country whoro tho "no-fonco law
ir. ?ri existence to get a fine breeder, an
pay ono or two thousand dollars, for m
especial benefit ; but half a dozen neigt
bois could jointly purchase ono and kee
it up, and soon could raise improve
brooders that would bo in reach of th
n ital class, and their stock would b
improved at a' trifling coat Anoth?
grand item in favor of tho law is, tb
fertilisers that every farm c-yald muk? t
home to improVo his Inud ; because if
man has a good stock of cattle ho wi
naturally Incline to take good caro <
them. Ho will have good stalls for thci
nt ni?*ht and in bad weather, and woul
bo ttl>\e to snvo tho puro fertilizer undi
shelter, ono load of which ls worth fii
loads of what is made out in the wenthc
the best qualities having been washc
away by thc hard rnins. Another itel
proves tho necessity of a chango in tl
fence law. In thia section of tho Count;
on all tho water-course, tho farms ai
under ene fence. For miles on Twent;
Threc-Mile Creek there is but ono div
ding fenco from Passmore bridge to Slal
town bridge, about five miles, and tin
one is nt thc crossing of a publi/; rca
Fences cannot bo kept across tho lan:
of the .streams of tho fivo miles mci
tioncd. ' Tile land belongs to abe
twonty different persons, and is cultiv?t!
hy fifty or sixty different families. Tl
samo . state of affairs exists on all tl
water-courses and in all communltii
There aro poisons who caro for self onl
and gather their own part of tho ero
turn In their stock, not knowing or cai it
whether others havo gathered their ero]
or not ; and ? have known men on the
water-counts have to keep off the ste*
of otb-jr pcoplo until they could g
their own crop gathered. A farmer hi
at oue timo to select a man that lived on
different land and Imo him to use Iiis
influence to keep the others from turning
their stock io on bia crop until all tbo
crops were gathe.-cd. There are a few
pcoplo in every ueighborhood who only
keep their stock off the crops, thinking j
tho present law forces them to do so.
Though they aro slow to learn law, they
are annually learning more and moro,
and it only requires a lew cases to bo
tried, (which will be tried before long,
because the fencing and tho stock are
getting worse every year,) and wheu a
few casca have been tried and decided,
then, as I said above, it will bo known
that they can let their Btock live on thc
crops or others with perfect impunity.
Bo, Mr. Editor, I deem this a matter
of vast importance to the welfare of our
County. It is a case of necessity, and it
is said necessity is tho mother of inven
tion. Well, necessity is the mother of
law, because out of tho necessities of a
country has grown all tho law cf the
I?and. And now necessity demands a new
fenco law. because tho circ*? jistaiieca
?f tho cojntry, tho condition of our
ncing, tho timber, the outside range,
a mischievousness of tho stocky hnvo
V-.? changed since tho present fenco law
was put in force. In fact, everything is
so changed that tho present fenco law is
not a law at all, and docs not apply to
bur present condition ; consequently, wo
jue at thc mercy of mischievous stock,
ind if wo do not pass tho new fenco law,
nd i ct out of our prcseut dilemma,
ray tell mc what are thc farmers to do ?
I hope tho pcoplo will reflect upon
hts subject, and ask themselves why is it
iey have to keep a fence about their
urns? Then they will seo that it is in
rder to have stock ; will seo that it will
ot take one-quarter of tho fencing to
kop stock enclosed that it does to fence
to crops. It has beeu proved that it
eaten .auch to fence tho crops os tho
sick ; i . rorlh ! It would bo as cheap to
Hi < n y hog and cow in the State,
lien v would need no fenco at all. If
ahing will not pay moro than expenses,
w hacl better not have it to be troubled
w.h. Tho proposed law suggests a plan
tht,will reduce tho expense of keeping
Btek that will pay, and leave a good
piflL Should a law-as tho prcseut
on-rforce mc to a course in reference to
kes?ng stock which is not profitable,
th; ; s a losing business on my part. I
heb|e, as above stated, that the change
wilwork to tho benefit of thc poorest
chu an our land. But suppose it did not
sui ?very individual. Should almost
evrjbody be subjected to a course that is
deimcntal to their interests just to suit
n fifj persons who composo only a very
Bmlj portion of our country ? It ia un*
juster it to bc so. I would not advocate
a cafso which would work injury to any
cia; of citizens, and do not believe, the
proofed law would do BO.
L. N.
tfa Creek, 8. C.
??s%.?5t !k*ycs* Latter io tho Feuer al
Ofllce-Iloldcr.s.
WASHINGTON, Juno 24.
Tb president's order to office-holders
reeeieu full consid?ration in the Cabinet,
and sj interpreted by members of the
Cabut it was intended to absolutely
proust Federal office-holders and their
cmnijecs from holding any connection
with'w'hat is known as tho machino of
polite. As originally drawn, the order
?ircsaxcd the alternative of resignation
ronica political position or removal by
the resident from the Federal office.
Tho ?mai statement of this alternativo
was nicken out as superfluous, since the
open folation of a personal order of thc
Fref.iosit would of course be cause for,
and fluid certainly lead to, removal.
Tho (uer, as interpreted by the Cabinet
officers intended to prohibit any con
ucctiu whatever with any of tho various
wardj?jwnBhip, county, State, or nation
al organizations for conducting political
campams. Those who now hold any of
these jeitions will bo removed if they
conti?uko hold them after time enough
has eland for the gcneraUcirculation of
thd Present's order. The order is held
to be e?icit as to the part office-holders
will he flowed to tr-ke m political affairs,
this parLeing clearly limited to voting,
Bpe&kinjt and writing for tho public
press. I
Sotithm Republicans aro particularly
troubled?s they say that thu party or
ganizada cannot bo maintained in many
parts of lo South without tho protection
which br active connection of federal
officers 1th tho work of tho campaign
affords. A number of tho President's
closest pfitical friends here nre stoutly
opposed & this order. They deem it
possible scorrcct the abuses at which it
is aimed Bthout depriving tho party of
the valulle services of many strong,
honest nfl frost efficient workers who
now holdferominont positions uudcr thc
governmcf.
lb the Athialcd Press:
1 WASHINGTON, Juno 28.
Tho liiident to-day addressed the
following Jrcular letter to all thc promi
nent Fcdpl officers throughout tito
' EXECITTIVK MANSION,
Y LSHiNOTON, June 23, 1877.
Sin-I * sire to call your attention to
the follow sg paragraph in a letter ad
dressed b} me to tho Secretary of tho
Treasury cathe conduct to bo observed
by officer* | tho general government in
relation to flections:
"No ofliar should be required or per
mitted to taco part in the management
of a pol lyal organization^ caucuses,
convention;,r election campaigns. Their
ngnt io vOuiunu io caproe? >ucir views
on public [uestions, either orally or
or through ; o press, is not denied, pro
vided it doe not interfere with tho dis
charge of th ir official duties. No assess
ment for po leal purposes on officers or
snliordirate hould bo allowed."
This rule applicable to every depart
ment of theVivil service. It should bn
understood tl every officer of the general
government u*t he is expected to con
form his conact to its requirements.
Verircspcctfully,
T B. B. HAYES.
- A hot wld, or simoon, visited por
tions cf Clinti county, N. Y,, a few days
since. At Pittsburg leaves on tho trees
wero ecorchodlas if or fire, and entire
cornfields a> *W as ff froat-blttou ; at
Schuyler Falla,. *i?t SO acres of beans
were platted. I _
- Tho saddet failures in life como
from the not piting forth of the pow.?
to succeed.
**?i) BK HANGED BY TUE NECK.?
The Murderers of Youug lid lu RS Heu
i on eccl to Die ou July 13.
Tho Court of General Sessions met on
Saturday morning, at 9 o'clock, Judge
Recd presiding. Before procecdingupon
thc regular business of lbs session, David
Pearce and George Stevens, who wero
convicted on Wednesday last of the mur
der of Mr. J. Evans Edings, Jr., near tho
Magaolsa Phosphate WovL- :, on the 11th
day of May last, wore placed in the dock
to receive sentence of death.
With that strange fascination for wit
nessing the misery and torture of others
which resides io the human breast, even
in tho most civilised communities, sovcr
al hundred men, white and black, crowd
ed the court-room at an early hour of tho
day that they mi gb? see face to faco tho
two unfortunate beings trembling on tho
brink oi eternity and near the announce
ment of their terrible doom. The ap
pearance of the prisoners was but little
altered from that which they wore during
the trial. Perhaps there was apparent
less of that sullen look and stolid indif
ference which was conspicuous up to the
tune of tho rendering of the verdict, and
more of n frightened, hunted look, to
gether with a nervous,, twitching of tho
muscles of tho face, showing the terriblo
Btruggle which was going on within tho
breast of tho wretched men. This per
turbation was more conspicuous on tho
part of Stevens, who is a younger mau
than his accomplice in crime, and is sev
eral shades lighter in complexion.
Pearce, who is almost jet black, has a
busby head of woolly hair, and sat in the
dock with his head slightly bout forward,
casting rapid and despairing glances right
and left.
After completo silence had been ob
tained in tho Court room tho prisoners
were commanded to stand up and state
the reasons, if any they had, why tho
sentence of the Court should not bo passed
upsn them. Tho indictment was read
and the usual form gono through with.
Stevens then in an excited manner and
in a highly pitched voico said : "I nm
guilty of highway robbery. Each man
.ad hi? work to do." Pearce said not a
word, and the Judge then proceeded to
pronounce
THE SENTENCE.
Thc Tudge said : Georgo Stevons and
David Pearce ! Yon have been f'.irly
tried by a jury of intelligent men ot your
own selection, and have been convicted
of the highest crime known to tho Inws
of your country-a crime committed un
der circumstances of peculiar atrocity,
such as hos seldom if over occurred in nu
old and civilized community like this in
which we live It becomes, therefore,
my Bolemn duty to par . upon you the
judgment of death. It... solemn, be
cause it is a duty which is extremely
Esinful to me. Yet I feel assured that
efore high Hcnven, nnd in the estima
tion of Bil men, you richly deserve the
judgment which will be passed upon you.
and you deserve that it shall be executed
with dispatch. This young man whom
you took suddenly from lifo waa engaged
in tho lnwful pursuance of his business,
and quick os thought by your act ho was
hurled into eternity, and has or will an
swer beforo another Judge all that trana
fiired with him in this lifo. You have
earned siuco your arrest that your lives
would pay tho forfeit. You could not
havo doubted that, and you have already
had time to apply to that Judge above
for the pardon you will need to savo you
from eternal damnation. You have had
time I trust to cleanse your hearts and
become betts? cseu. In consequence pf
tho enormity of your crime I will be com
pelled to give you a much shorter timo
i.aan is usual. Give np all idea of the
world, and pray to Goa to have mercy on
your souls, it is proper that I should re
cur briefly to tho circumstances of tho
crime for which you arc to bo punished,
that it may be seen, mid the judgment be
approved by all men. as it will bo. You
happened to bc, on thc 11th of May Inst,
nenr the Mngnolin Works. One of you
hnd worked there for n while in tho em
Eloy of Mr. C. C. Pinckney, Jr. You
nd tho knowledge that be was in the
hnbit of Bending up a paymaster overy
month to pay on tho bands nt the works,
nnd you, Georgo Slovens, were in the
hnbit of receiving a portion of that money.
And you knew, both of you, that thc pay-,
muster was this youth Edings. And you
deliberately went to work to tnko his lifo
upon his next visit. The proof is that
you conferred together about it, and
whilo you, Stevens, borrowed the gun,
which was afterwards used, and carried it
to your associate, Pearce, you stated that
vou did'nt havo tho heart to fire it. You
hnd not then turned hyena, the vilest and
most loathsome beast that'roams in tho
jungles of Africa, whence your ancestors
sprung. But Pearce said ho would do it ;
it made no difTcrenco to him ; ho would
take the responsibility. So 1*. was ngroed
between you thnt you would waylay the
young man and take his lifo ; so on tho
11th of May, at about half-past 4 o'clock
in tho afternoon, while ho was passing
along the road to tho works in his buggy,
having the money in a tin box under tho
seat, you secreted yourselves by tho road
side in a thick clump of bushes, whero it
was impossible to seo you, and as ho
Envied he was fired upou and his bend,
roast aud body literally riddled with
buckshot and slugs. Ono of you who had
hoon deputised for that purpose stood up
tho road a little diutnnco nnd stopped tho
mule ns it rnn off. You then tool/ the
box of money, carried ?t into tho woods,
broke it open with thc butt of your gun,
and then after dividing the money you
threw tho gun nnd box awny and quietly
made off to another point.
Tho Jttdgo then carefully continued
the narration of the testimony from tho,
time to the commission of the deed to tho
arrest of the mon in Charleston on tbo
day following. Whilo touching upon tho
confessions made by tho prisoners before
Capt. Hendricks and Coroner Collins, he
said : "Tho only difference botween yonr
statements was as to who fired the shot.
You heard me say to tho jory that it was
wholly immaterial who fired the shot,
and that the man who stood by aiding
and abetting, succoring and comforting,
was just as guilty, in the eyes of tho law,
as the man who fired the shot. It was,
therefore, a base assassination-ouc of the
most diabolical deeds ever committed in
this old and civilized country. For you,
who havo been raised in a civilized coun
try with a knowledge of what is right and
wrong-where you had tho ; opportunity
of hearing tho Gospel preached from
childhood-to hsya made tip your minds
to commit this barbarous act,'proves that
you are totally destitu?a of tho feelings
of human beings, and are, therefore, just
ly doomed to suiter tho extreme penalty
of tho law, not only ns an expiation of
your crime, but as a solemn warning to
man k ina generally that murder will out,
and that tho law is ample and sufficient
to puuish all criminals. The sentence of
the Court is that you George Stevens find
David Pearce, bc taken from tho placo
where you now stand to thc Jail of
Charleston County, whence you carno,
and there bo securely confined until F ri
day, the 13th day of July next-just
about thrco weeks from this day-when
between the hours ? f 10 o'clock in tho
forenoon and 2 o'clock tn the Afternoon,
you shall bo taken by tho Shcr?fTof Charles
ton County to the pince of publiccxccution
and thcro bo hanged by your necks until
your bodies bo dead. And may God have
mercy on your souls."
During tho pronouncement of this sol
emn sentence tho vost audience had be
come as hushed and as silent as thc tomb,
and during tho utterance of tho last words
tho stillness was painful. Then there
seemed to bo a sigh or shudder which ran
throughout thc crowd, nnd a movement
to got out of tho door. Tho prisoners
were evidently prepared for hearing their
doom, for a close observer of their fea*
turcs could not havo noticed thc slightest
change, save perhnps a slight blanching
on the nnrt ol' Stovens, and an involun
tary sickly smile cn thc part of Pearce.
The prisouors were thou handcuffed to
gether, and under a strong guard wore
recommitted to jail to await tho execu
tion of tho terriblo sentence.-Charleston
New* and Courier.
Acts Passed by tho General Assembly
at thc Extra Session of 1877.
AN ACT to raise supplies for tho fiscal
year commencing November 1, 1876.
SECTION 1. He it enacted by tho Senate
aud House of Representatives of tho
Stato of ?routh Caroliua, now met and
sitting in General Assembly, nnd by the
authority of the same, That a tax of 7
mills upon ovcry dollar of tho value of
all taxable property of this Stale be, and
the same is hereby, levied for tho follow
ing purposes, to wit : To meet appropri
ations-First, to defray tho current ex
penses of tho government for tho fiscal
year ending 31st October, 1877 ; second,
to pay tho interest duo tho first of Janu
ary, 1877, and tho first of July, 1877,
upon tho consolidated bonds and certifi- ,
cates of ?tock which have been issued ?
under tho "Act to reduce tho volumo of
tho public debt, and provide for tho pay
ment of tho same," approved December
22, 1873, which shall bo found to be valid ?
and bona fide by tho commission to in- ,
vestigato the sarao, and bo approved by ,
the General Assembly at tho next regu- ?
lar session thereof; and, third, to pay
such other indebtedness of thc Stntc as
may bc reported to bo valid by thc said
commission, and to which it may bo ap
plied by the General Assembly at its
next regular session. Should tho pro- j
cecds of said tax bo insufficient to meet ,
all tho payments provided for in this net,
tho Governor is hereby authorized to ,
borrow, on tho credit of tho Stato, such
sum, not exceeding $100,000, as may bo
necessary to meet such deficiency.
SEC. 2. That a tax not to exceed 3
mills upon every dollar of thc valuo of
all taxable proporty in each of tho sov
eral counties in this Stato bc, and the
same is hereby, levied for eu un ty purpo
ses, for the fiscal year commencing No
vember 1, 1876, except the counties of
Charleston and Union, in which a tax
not to exceed 2 mills shall bo levied ; the
rate to bo fixed by the County Commis
sioners in and for each county, and by
them certified to tho respectivo County
Auditors of tho snid several counties, ex
cept as to tho county of Horry, in which
tho County Commissioners shall levy an
additional tax of 2 milln, to pay the past
indebtedness for lol o and 1876; except
tho County of Union, in which the
County Commissioners shull le\ y r.n ad
ditional tax 1 mill for the pa; ment of
post duo indebtedness, and except the
County of Lancaster, in which tho "Coun
ty Commissioners snail levy a tax of 2
pi lt on the dollar to pny tho past due
indebtedness of ?aid county, (he proceeds
of -.viiicu snail bu paid pro rata, hud also
except tho County cf Aiken, in which
the County Commissioners shnll levy an
additional tax of 1 mill to pay tho post
indebtedness of said county .for tho years
1875 and 1876 : mid except the County
of Marlboro, where tho County Commis
sioners bo, and they aro liereby, author
ized and required to levy a -?eclal tux of
1 mill, if so much be nectary, for the
purposo of repairing the court house and
jail ; also, the County of Beaufort, where
tho County Commissioners shall levy a
tax cf 1 mill, pursuant to the provisions
of a joint resolution, approved March 24,
1876 : Provided, That uothing contained
in this section shall bo construed so as
to prevent tho County Commissioners of
PickcnS; Sumter, Newberry, Marion,
Williamsburg and Ricblnnd, collecting
a special tax heretofore provided by law.
to pay tho past indebtedness of BU'IU
counties, nor tho counties of Orangeburg
or Clarendon from collecting tho special
tax heretofore authorized for tho comple
tion of the court houso; nor tho County
Commissioners of Kershaw from levying
aud collecting n special tax authorized
and directed to bo levied and collected
by nn act of tho Gonernl Assembly, en
titled "Au act to authorize the erection
of a certain bridge over the Watereo
River," approved February 13,1872 ; ex
cept that tho County Commissioners of
Spartasburg County be, and they aro
hereby, authorized and required to apply
J of 1 paill of the regular levy of 3 mills
to tho payment of uridgo contracts for
the fiscal year ending 1st November, 1876,
if so much be necessary ; and thoy are
furtltcrmoro authorized and cmpoworcd
to levy an additional tax, over and abovo
tho regular levy of 3 mills, of J of 1
mill, to ho applied to the past indebted
ness of said county ; and they aro also
authorized to' apply any balance that
may bo on hand at tho closo of tho pres
ent fiscal year, ending November 1,1877,
to past indebtedness, paying off such
claims as were audited prior to 1st No
vember, 1876 : Provided, Nothing .shall
be paid for probating accounts: And
Provided, That J mill of tho tax thus
levied for tho County-of Ornngeburg
shall bo devoted to tho nnvmsnt nf ?Un
past indebtedness of said county.
Ssc. 3. That all the proceeds of tho
taxes levied, for aud on account of tho
Stato, as specified herein, shall bo deposi
ted and kept by tho State Treasurer in
such bank or banks in the cities of Co
lumbia and Charleston as, in thc judg
ment or discretion of thoFinancial Board
of the State, can nub rd sufficient protec
tion to tho interests of tho Stato ; and
the State Treasurer shall publish in ono
or moro of tho newspapers published in
the cities of Columbia and Charleston a
monthly statement of all tho monoys re
ceived by him and tho amount paid out,
and to whom, and ou account ol' what
appropriation paid, as well as tho bal
ance of moneys on hand.
SEC. 4. That tho Couuty Auditors and
County Treasurers ot tho several counties
of this Stato are hereby required, under
thc direct5.;;".; ?nd oUpcrvinUm of tho
Comptroller General, to make tho collec
tion of taxes.levied under and pursuant
to tho provisions of this act in thc man
ner dud at thc time and under tho condi
tions hereinafter to bo. provided; and
thoy ate hereby forbiddou to collect any
other tax) except tho taxes to meet the
interest and retire tho bond? issued by
counties'In aid or railroads,' whatsoever,
for the fiscal year, Unless herein express
ly authorized eo tp do ; and ;.ny State or
county officer who aimil fall to comply
with or ovado or attempt to evado tho
p-- ovisions of this act. shall be deemed
?uilty of a folony, and, upon oonvictjoti
?creof, /.hall bo punished by n fine of
not less than f1,000, nor moro tuan $5,000,
and by imprisonment in the penitentiary
fur a period of not IPSO than ono year
nor moro than five years.
SEC. 5. Thcro shall bo assessed on nil
taxablo polls in this State a tax of $1 ou
rich noll, the proceeds of vf bleb tax
shall bo applied solely to educational
purposes. Every malo citizen between j
tho ago cf 21 and CO years, except those
incapable of earning a support from be
mg maimed, and except those now ex
empt by law, or from any other cause,
shall bo deemed taxable polls ;' ana
should any persor.? fail or refuse to pay
said poll tax, ho shall be deemed guilty
of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction 1
thereof, bo foro any Trial Justice or other j
court having jurisdiction of tho same,
shall bo punished by a fino of not less
than :'.'">, or by imprisonment in tho coun
ty jail for u tenn not exceeding thirty
days.
SEC. 6. That all taxes assessed nnd
paynblo under this net aimil bo paid in
tho following kind of funds, nnd no
other: Gold nnd silver coin, United
States currency and national bank notes:
Provided, That tho receipts issued by tbo
ngouts appointed by tho Governor in the
several counties, under mid by virtue of
resolution ndoptcd by tho House of Rep
resentatives, on tho 20th dny of Decem
ber, A. D., 1876, shall be credited by the j
County Treasurers upon tho amount ;
due, nnd paynblo by tue holders thereof |
whenever tho snmo mny bo presented.
SEC. 7. All taxes assessed herein shall
bo duo nnd paynblo in two equal install
ments, as follows : Tho first instalment |
shall bc duo nnd payable from tho first |
day of July to tho first doy of August.
1877 ; nnd tho second instalment shall
bo duo nnd payable from tho first day of j
October to tho thirty-first dny of October,
1877 : Provided, That it shall bo, nnd is
hereby, left to tho option of any person
cither to pay thc amount of tho first in
stalment nt th.- timo first above men
tioned, or to pay the whole amount at
thc time of thc payment of tho second
instalment thereof: Providetf, further.
That if any person or persons snail fail
or rofuso to pay his or her taxes duo un
der tho first instalment,, he, sbo or tboy
shall ho charged with interest thereupon
from tho first day of August, 1877, to j
the time of the payment thereof, at tho
rate of ono per contum per month ; and
tho several County Treasurers shall col
lect tho samo in tho manner prescribed
by law, and give receipts therefor to the
several parties paying the same, in which
tho rent estate paid on shall bo briefly
described, nnd thc vnluo of tho personal
property paid on shall bostatod, together
with tho lime such tnxes arc paid, and
tho amount of tho snmo : Provided,
Nothing heroin contained shall operate
to prevent nny tax-payer from paying tho
whole amount of his tnx nt the timo tho
first, instalment is nnynbln.
SEC. 8. That tho County Treasurer,
immediately upon receipt of tho tax du-1
plicate for tho year from the County |
Auditor, shall cause a notice to bo in- '
serted onco in two daily newspapers pub
lished at thc county scat >' bia county,lif
two such papers bo then? published ; if
not'; then m ono such paper ; and if no
daily rr.por bo published at tr ch county
seat, then in two weekly papers published
at such county seat; but if two such
weekly papers bo not published lu the
county, then such notice shall be given
in such manner as the County Treasurer
may direct, staling tho rate per centum
of the levy for State purposes, and the
rate nor centum for all other purposes, un
the duplicate of tho present fiscal yenr ;
nnd if nny specinl levies havo been mada
on tho property of n school or other dh
trict, no; "leting au entire county, tho
total rnto of levies in such district shall
nlso bo stated in such notice.
SEC. 9. When tho taxes and assess
ments charged agninst any party or prop
erty on thc duplicntc for tho present fiscal
year shall not bc paid on or before the
81st day of October, 1877, or when the
remainder of such taxes and assessments
shall not be paid on or by the said time,
with interest at tho rato of 1 per centum
?er month, as aforesaid, tho County
reasurer shall proceed to collect tho
same by distress or otherwise, aa now pre
scribed'by law, together with a penalty
of 15 per cont, on the amount so delin
quent ; and if thc amount of such delin
quent tnxes, assessments and penalties
shall not bo r aid on or before the 15th
of November, i877, or collected by dis
tress or otherwise, tho same shall be
treated as tho delinquent taxes ou such
real nnd personal property, and shall bo
collected by tho salo of such real and
personal property ns hereinafter pro
scribed.
SEC. 10. All personal property sub
ject to taxation shall bo liable to distress
and sale for tho payment of taxes and
assessments hereunder ; and, at any limo
after nny tnxes or assessments shall be
come, due, according to tho provisions of j
this net, tho County Treasurer, by him
solf or deputy, may distroiu suiDclent
personal property of tho party against
whom such taxes or assessments are
charged, if the same eau bo found in his
county, to pay tho taxes or assessments
BO duo, with any penalty charged or
chargeable thereupon, and intorest, nnd
tho costs that may accrue, ?md sha!! im
mediately, advertise the samo iu throe of
tho most public places in tho town or
ward or district, in which such property
shall bo distra't'iCd, stating tho timo and
place in such town, ward or district, when
nnd whore such proporty will bo sold ;
nnd if .tho taxes, assessments aud penal
ties for which such property was dis
trained, together with tho costs of tho
Srocceding, sbnll not be poid before tho
ay appointed for such sale, (which nh nil
not be less than five, nor more that ten,
days after posting up such notices of |
Bale,) such Treasurer or his dopuiy shall ?
proceed at the time and place mentioned j
ia such notices to sell such property, or j
no much thereof as may bo necessary, at
public vendue, to tho highest bidder;
and if such property, or a sufficient
amount thereof, shall not bo sold at the !
time and place aforesaid, such Treasurer
ohnll retain tho same in his possession
and adyortiso and offer the same for snlo
in manner and form aforesaid from timo
to time until the same shall-be sold.
SEC. ll. A!! real property returned |
delinquent by the County Treasurer, as ;
herein provided, shaii bo ottered for Bale j
by the Treasurer on tho first Monday in '
December, 1877, after due advertisement,' '
as now provided by law, and thereafter I
from day to day, until tho wholo amount !
thereof, os included in thodelinqueutUst,
shall be sold ; and except as ia this sec
tion provided, the County Treasurer shall
proceed in. reference to thc- ?alo of such
delinquent real estate, according to the
forms and with tbr conditions uow( pre
scribed and require! by law : Provided,,
That tho cost of saut advortlsihganall not
exceed'91 upon each parcel cf land so nd?
vortiscd. .?(i ? ;.. ? v.
BBC. 12. That all acts nnd parts of I
acts inconsistent with this act bc, and tho [
same nro hereby, repealed,"''
Approved Juno 9,1877:
A? ACT to reduce and fix the salaries of |
fituUitf officers.
Bscrzoxrl. Boil enacted by tho StuMc
and House of Representatives of tho
State of South Carolina, now mot and
Bitting in General Assembly, and by tho
.i. ? limn in.<M.III II i II
authority of tho Ba?o, That the public
officers hereinafter named shall receive
the annual ao'nrloa hereinafter mentioned,
respectively, to wit : The Governor, $8,
600; tho Governor's Private Seor?tarj,
$1.276 ; tho Governor's messenger, $800;
tub Lieutenant Governor, $1,000, to take
effect after the next general election ;
the Bccrotary of State, $2,100 ; tho Chief
Clerk of the Secretary bf State. $1,276;
the Comptroller General, $2,100 ; for
clerical services in tho omeo of the Comp
troller General, $2,550, if so much bo
necessary ; the Stato Treasurer, $2,000 ;
the Chief Clerk of the State Treasurer,
$1,475; tho book-keeper of the State
Treasurer, $1,000 ; tho Adjutant auc, in
spector General, $1,200 ; Clerk of the
Adjutant and Inspector General $900;
tho State Superintendent of Education,
$1.875 ; for Clerk to Superintendent of
Education, $900: th'J Attorney General,
$2,100; the Clerk of the Attorney Gen
eral, $1,200; the Chiof Justice of the
Supremo Court, $4,000; tho Associato
Justices of tho Supreme Court, $3,600
caoh ; the reporter of the decisions of
the Supremo Court, $1,000; tho Clerk
and Librarian of the Supreme Court.
$700 ; tho attendant on tho library abd
rooms of tho Supremo Court, $200 ; the
Circuit Judges, $8,500 each ; the Circuit
Solicitors, $1,500 each, except in the
First Circuit, which shall be $2,000, in
lieu of all charges against tho Stato and
counties, nnd of all fees received from
defendants; tho Keeper of the State
House and Stato Librarian, $500 ; the
watchmen of tho Stato House and
frounds, uot to exceed two in number,
300 each ; tho Superintendent of tho
Stato Penitentiary, $1,600 ; tho physician
of the Stato Penitentiary, $300 ; the Su
perintendeut of tho State Lunatic Asy
lum, $2,000 ; tho health officer of Charles
ton, $1,000 ; tho health officers of George
town, $400 ; Hilton Head and St. Helena
Sound, $600 each; tho Keeper of tho
Lazaretto, $400 ; tho Librarian of the
University cf South Carolina, who shall
havo charco of tho buildings and grounds
of tho Univoreity, $500.
SEO. 2. That the County Treasurer of
each county shall receive commissions
upon all taxes collected in their respec
tive counties, as follows : Threo por cent,
upon tho first $10,000 ; two pei cent, upen
tho next $10,000 ; one per cent, upon the
noxt $10,000 ; one-half of one per cent,
upon all amounts collected ever $30.000 :
Provided, Tho same shall not exceed ? SOC
or bo loss than $500 per annum, except
ibo county of Charleston, whore the
commissions shall not exceed $2,000:
For clerical servies? in tho effico ol
County Treasurer of Charleston, $800:
Provided, further, That nothing heroic
contained shall apply to fees and cost*
allowed County Treasurers for making
distress and salo of real or personal prop
grt.ir.
" SEC, 3. That the County Anditors of thc
several counties shall receive the annual
Balarles hereinafter mentioned, respec
tively : The County Auditor of Charles
ton, $2,000: Provided, That no addition
al compensation shall bo allowed, foi
clerk biro ; tho County Auditor's of Ab
boville and Richland, $700 each ; thi
County Auditors of Aikon, Anderson
Barnwell, Beaufort, Chester, Colletou
Darlington, Edgofield, Fairfield, Green
viiltj, .Laurena, Newberry, Orangcburg
Spartanburg, Sumter and York, $601
each ; the County Auditors of Chester
field, Marion, Clarendon, Georgetown
Horry, Kershaw, Lancaster, Lexington
Maribuiu. Gconee, Fickens, Union am
Williamsburg, $500 each. And In addi
ditton to the salaries of the Auditors, a
herc?"' sfere prsvid?d, the Co*??sy Ami
tors snail receive, to defray the oxpense
of asscssi' ont of property, such sums a
may bo m-cessary, but not to exceed th
following, to wit: The Auditor t
Charleston County, $900 ; the Auditors c
Abbeville nod Richland, $500 each ; th
Auditors ol' Aiken, Anderson, Raruwel
^aufnrt, Chester, Darlington, Edgefiolc
Fairfield, Greenville, Laurens, Newberry
Orangeburg, Spartanburg, Samter au
York, $400 each ; the Auditors of Col)<
ton, Clarendon, Horry, Kershaw, Lar
caster, Lexington, Marion, Marlbon
Pickens, Oconeo, Union,, YviWiamsbur
and Chesterfield, $300 each ; and tb
County Commissioners of*tbo seven
counties, as aforesaid, shall, upon the a?
plication of the County Auditors, dra
their checks on tho County Treasure:
for tho several amounts to which) tl
Auditors may bo entitled under tho pr<
visions of this section, and tho Count
Treasurers shall pay the saU checks fro:
the first collection of county funds of tl
fiscal year in which the work, shall 1
performed. But no such check or ord:
shall bo paid by the County Treaaun
until tho Auditor shall have filed wi!
tho County Commissioners au itemize
statement of the services rendered 1
his assistants, tho number of days cat
of said assistants woro employed, ar
tho comp jnsatlon they were severally
receive, which said statement shall be c
amincd aud approved by tho eaid Bes
of County Commissioners :. Provide
That no momber of tho Board of CouU
Commissioners Bhall act no Assista
Assessor. That tho County School Coi
missioners in each of the several cou
tics of the State shall receive for thc
compensation $3 per diem for the tit
in which they aro actually engaged
the business of thoir respective' office
Provided, Tho number of days In eft
and ?very year for which saidcompouf
tion shall'bo allowed Bhall in no ci
exceed 100 dava, except in tho county
Charleston/ where the number of da
shall not exceed 150 daya.
SEC. 4. All salaries provided for
section 1 of this act bhall be payai
quarterly, and bo paid upon tho warra;
of tho Comptroller General upon t
Stato Treasurer.
ttEC. o. That alt acts or parts of a
Inconsistent with this act bo, and t
same aro hereby, repealed.
SEC. 6. That this act shall takeoff
Immediately after its passage.
- At a Southern hotel bar an eaj
controversy was pending 'twixt varie
generals, majors, etc., when a quiet foll
observed : r'I happened to be thero; g;
tlemen, and possibly may be able to
fresh your memories." j Thereupon
proceeded lo sive a succinct account c
r.uart action. ' "What might have bi
: mr rank, sir?" asked the hetel keel
"I was a private." About to atari m
day, he demanded bl* bill. "Not a ec
sir ; not a cent. You'ro tho very ?
private I over met."
- A learned sergeant waa onco
c?sed of having disgraced, (he bar
taking silver fror? -?? C-U???* tun uticfui
of tho profession requiring that, Wa
Htiouid no in gold. "I took silver,"
replied1; "because I could not get fcc
bat I took ovory farthing tbs fallow ri
io tho wotld, and I hope you do not i
th>* dftlrrMujfc tho profession. I
-- Tho "culled, brcd'ren and Bistci
wero in tho full enjoyaiemt of a ted
revival lu Bullit county, wheu, jurat} i
3er threw a rino h?rne*/? ?t$t thro
JO window and . tho meeting adi our
without taking up acoiVf<cMon or ' sin
do isa two, lines ob do sockdolager
glnuia' wid
"Lord dismiss U* whl .dy bles: ' u\
(llb us sinful ntegurs-reu, cvViiv
Scorch do ono wno had no bht?css
Foolin' wld dat ho'net's n*a\M
LEG??. AnvjSR'miKa,-yia BM com?eup<5 tu
require cain paym?11*" 1ot MTerUeiaaerdetsd h?
?^cuiun, ??mlnisvatoi? ?nd other fla ad* rf??.
money comes ?Ita tb? arder:
CUa?w^^^W??ja^j ^ - - - l|W
attention, communication! nut be eccosipanted
by the true auno aad ?ddtCM of tit? writer. Re
jected manuscript* will not be returned, uniras the
noeewtry ?tami? ?aw furnlshea to ?pay the postage,
thereon.
M3f Wo are not responxlbld for the views aod .
opinion? of our cerraspoadenU.
XII communication* should be addressed to "F>\
Jtors Iulrfllgcncor," aid all chock*, draft?, money
orders, Ac., slioald be made pantile to tao order
or E. B. M?UUAY d> CO.,
_. ; r Anderdon,H. C
_-. ?? ,' i -r\* ",t ; i 1 ? ? ii',? *?:
yeucral News Summary,
- It bas been discovered in Paris that
the little yellow marks u^on cerUdu
brands of Havana cigars, Which caused
them to be greatly prised by smokers,
are created by tho sprinkling of acids.
--. A disease has broken ont among the
fish in Bound lake, N. Y., and huuareds
of bass, pickerel, catfish; etc., are dying
on the snores, nnd are being buried by
the neighboring fanners. It is thought
that the fish are killed by poison escap
ing into an inlet of the lalee front a mau
u factory of potato-bug poison situated
on its banks. .
- The British House of Lords has
voted this week that, where tho friends
of a deceased person object ?a thc church
of England service, they may dlspenan
with it or substitute another service, even
though the deceased ia buried in church
yard. This is not only against tho gov
ernment but greatly shocks the Estab
lished clergy, and they will probably
unite in keeping the question out of Par
liament altogether at present.
- The report of tho capturo of Aca
Eulco, Mexico, by Alvarez is confirmed,
ut at last accounts the supporters of
Dior., the present President, wero making
a fight for Us recovery, dropping sholls
into tho town from gunboats. Tho
American merchants have placed their
books and valuable papers in the houso
of thc American consul. Gen. Jiminez,
Diaz governor of Acapulco, was killed in
resisting the attack of Alvarez.
- The surmise that many of the per
sons run over by. railroad trains havo
been previously murdered is usually not
susceptible of proof. An engineer on
tho Louisville and Chicago Railroad,
however, applied the breuke so promptly
that tbo body ho saw ahead on the track,
was not struck. It was found that the
man had been robbed, almost killed, and
then placed whore n train would be likely
to obliterate all evidence of tho crime.
- Ou last Thursday eleven mon were
hanged in the mining districts of Penn
sylvania for murders committed by thom
at d?lcrent times. Theso men aU be
longed to a powerful secret organization,
to the members of which tho namo of
Molly Maguires is commonly applied.
Their crimes were with difficulty ferreted
out, but now that so many of them have
been brought to justice, tho order has
lost much of it? terrorism for the people
of Pennsylvania.
- New Orleans rumors about Mexico :
That important movements on the Mexi
can border looking to the acquisition of
te tri ?o? y which ore winked nt by ibo
authorities at Washington are in pro
gress ; that Texas cattle raisers are send
ing to Washington their chima for.dam
ages by Mexican cattle-raiders tbo past
ten yenrs ; that the Southern tier of Mex
ican States will secede from tho Diaz
government and establish Lerdo os their
rulor.
- A vic m ous temperance campaisrp
during the summer Is planned in south
ern New York a?td northorn Pennsylva
nia. Murphy himself has promised to
spend a fortnight thero, and later io tho
season proposes to tackle the metropolis.
Elmira, N. Y., han been swept by the
movement, 7,000 having signed tho
Iricdge, almost entirely Ainoricaun and
Protestants, as the Catholic clergymen
discourage participation in it,, and tho
Germans of course can't giro up their
lager. Murphy and his followers expect -
tho greatest temperance revival over seon
in this country next fait and winter.'
- The gold casket in which tho free
dom of tho city of Loudon war presented
to Gen. Grant hos on tho obverse central
panel a y?crr of the cspiloi as washing
ton, and on the right and left aro tho
monogram and arms of tho lord mayor.
On tho reverse side is a view; of the en
trance to Guildhall aud appropriate in
scriptions. At tho ends are two figures,
also in gold and finely modeled and
chased, representing tho city of London;
and tho Unitedfttntes and bearing their
respective shields, the latter executed iu
rich onamol. At the corners, aro double
columns of laurel wreathed with corn and
cotton, and on the cover a. cornucopia'
emblematical of tho fertility arid prosper
ity ol' tho United States. ?ho rose, sham
rock and thistle, are* also introduced.
The cover is surmounted by the arms of
the city of London, The casket is sup
ported by American oagles modeled and
chased in gold. Tho whole stands cn a
velvet plinth decorated with ?tara and
stripes. t
- In a r?conl lecture in Edinburgh on
"The Stars," Professor Grant said that a
railway train, travelling day and night
fifty miles per hour, would roach tho
moon in six months, the aun in two hun- 1
dred years; and Alpha Ceniauris, tho
nearest of the fixed stare, in forty-two
millions of years ; a cannon ball, travel
ling nine hundred miles por hour, ir. ?
2,700,000 years;. and light, travelling
155,000 miles per Be?ond, in throe yea?..
Light from some of the telescopio stars
takes 5,769 years to reach the earth;
freai others 500,000 years. These stare,
therefore, may ?ave become extinct thou
sand? of ycar?'ngo, though their Ugh?,
comes to our eyes.: Aloha Lyra is 100,
000,000,000 of miles from us, and its
magnitude and splendor are as 20 to 1
compared with our sun. Tho sun is
ueltner greater nor smaller than most of
tho stars.
- Sham fights aro plenty enough to
train amateur soldiers, and are constant-1
ly resorter' to in European countries to
instruct their armies during times of
pesco in military roatfeeuvrcs. But the
first experiment of the kind for the pur
pose et training an ambulance corps that
wo recollect seeing ? mention of, la just
announced from Dresden. Detachments
^>f "troops from that garrison have been
sont out almost dally, deployed into tho
formations used fbr ?* ?tsu?fei **>?. ???t??d
to march against ar? imaginary enemy,
tu the rear follow patties of sick bearers,
and further in thovsararo ambulances.
It is for the training of these sick bearers
that thia drill ia especially conducted, and
as tho lines of troop* raovo forward cer
tain men are ordered to. fall down as
though wounded, and aro directed to pose
themselves in a Way to simulate various
wounds. Afterwards!,' when the! attack
upon the enemy is supposed io be suc
cessfully oxeen ted, the field is searched
by tho cick bearers, tho wounded men
discovered, ?ho?r wounds temporarily aud
hastily dressed, arrcHhoy transported to
the ambulances; Each sick bearer car
ries an p.Uuuv), in which there ate.plates
Showing hov/ dressings aro to bo applied
in various cases, ' 'and aisb how thc
means cf carrying 'rounded men can be
Imp?OYhsedout ot swords, rifles, brauchet
of -licri, omi . by similar expedients
This drill, no doubt,. furnish? somo Bori
of practico as to readiness, &e., 'mid WU
dor^Mesa bo a help: - 'It will remind thi
reader of the Well known American Am
balance Orps during the siego of Paris
where the Americans, anxious to.gct bb
tho fight, but debamaby 4.heir nauoual
itv, did the next best thing by gorabi
Hie field bringing off tho wounded, fTh
French also had an arabulaaco. sendet
but, it war? by no moana os effective ns th
American corpa, And so well was thi
known that many cf the Officer:
before going into bcttlo daring tho sieg?
?were in tho habit of patting ca?ds fui
their pockets stating that ? wounde
they desired whoovor found them to tak
thom to tho American Ambulance.