The Anderson intelligencer. (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, June 07, 1877, Image 1

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r ' ? i J mn ? 'i'f i . .)i i i - i III i nil .Tr. . i 1 ." r 1 1 . --- . , . t .. i , i i i i,,.,.i.-.- ? ? . . ? ? ' ?.; -j-j-' . . ? ? .......<_-? !' ' ?'??,'! ?." -'~ i BY E. B. MURRAY & CO. ANDERSON, 8. 0., THURSDAY; JUNE 7, 1877. VOL. XII---NO; 47. B?ti&v?' su?aot?ftios.^tuo Doua* ..ersaaum, and Os? ?OLLAK for ola month*. 1 8,'Wripttons aro not token for a lea? porto .?.ap gin certas. i_.il?ar*l ?ladtioftiaRa moda to at?L* nt tim n ^^T^O^*?DVSItTJ3J?x'<J.~Ooi DolUrpe i uusro O? on* !r.eb for ?ho fiwt Inwrtfon, and Fifi; Ceuta povoo,uoro roraub?aquK?tluseriiOnalesstbai three months. ?Ho adrertivetnents counte lea l^"bc?1contiacU?r?:l>e atado wUlitbowW?hlBi tuadrortlso for thief, six or twelve H on tba. Ad ^erttstog by contract must bo confined to the ira Mediate omines? of tho fl rm sr Individual contrac ' 'obituary Holleos czceedlna ATP Uaw, Tribute ,t sdeartbdps rat?. Aaawaoeaeata pi amii?? ?ffifu^ 18X0 7. . .(-*'? trite # ? ? .. .. -? . Mr.. EDITOB: Tue fa mows 8 to 7 ol Electoral Commission notoriety baa passed into history aa tho eynonym of fraud mid corruption. The recent action of tho House of Representative* of thia ?Stale, in postponing action upon tho usury hw, ia likely to render the figures placed at tho head of this article equally thc synonym of oppression to the poor. The question as to,the right qnd proprie ty of tho Legislature passing a just and wholesome usury law is surely not now a debatable one. Tho past history of the legislation of our own State, together with that of rall the other States in the Union, with'scarcely an exception, is.a sufficient answer to that question. Whether the rate of legal interest should be fixed at 5,7,10, or more, is another and H different question. That question should bo decided on tho basis of a just and equitable return to tho capitalist for the loan of his money, and the ability of the laboring and business classes of the com m unit." to pay. That there should bo some legal restraint to tho cupidity of the capitalist Sn thia matter (and when we uso the word cupid'ty in this connec tion, wo do not mean that as a class they are moro, than other pcoplo; not at ali, but it is a principle of human nature to take all we cai) get) is a well established principi? in political economy. That tho borrower is servant to the lender is a Bible truth. Hence, the lender needs not any special protection of the law, because he is abundantly able to protect himself. , If bo docs not lino tho rate cf legal interest, whatever ibat may be, bo is not obliged to lend bis money at all. Tberc are numerous other wayo in which ho may iuvcet his money with a promise of a reasonable return. But iron; the uaturo of thc case the borrowers will al ways be tho moat nurncrbns and tho most dependent class. Whatever fine-spun theories wo may . weave to tho contrary, as to tho beauties of the cash system, the history of the World shows that the busi ness interests of all political communities are mainly propelled by the credit sys tem. Hence, esr legislators,if they wish really to reinstate business prosperity all over tho country, ehoii?d direct their ef forts mainly to the re-establishment of a sound and aafe credit system. To do this successfully the rates of interest should bo fixed at the lowest possible rate, in justice to the capitalist, and then nil homestead' and bankrupt laws should either bo abolished or so modified as ubi to continuo ss they are now, for tho most part a species of legalized robbery and fraud. Tho sad history of all tho indtic trial class?s of our country, since the repeal of tho old usury iaw in 1866, ia a sufficient argument to ?.ny cairs, dispas sionate and. reflecting mind why a whole some usury lat.' should have been prompt* ly adopted by the Legislature at its extra session. There,is but ono singlo class of tuc community, agricultural, manufac turing or commercial, but are now suffer ing under a prostration of business un paralleled in the history of our State, and that ia the capitalist. From a sale of bank stock at Anderson recently, the premiums paid for .-a?.h slock showed conclusively th-tono inter est at least of our community is in a prosperous condition. The high rates of interest which M>e bartk has been ob taining for tho uso of its credit, together with the excellent business tact of its management, h&s caused the stock to rapidly enhance, in value. But we fear that ita singularly prosperous condition '. at tho present time is bnt a correct ther mometer of u corresponding depression among all other classes. We do not c^aim that the exorbitant rates of inter est which tho merchant, tho farmer and other classes of thc community have had to pay for bank accommodation? is the sole cause, but only on s among many of the. numerous causes that ara driving the country to financial ruin and bank ruptcy. The great difference, which the merchant domandod for the corn ona credit to the widow lady, is only ono among thousands of the disastrous effects of exorbitant rates of interest to the poorer and moro dopeudeut classes of our community.... jSor^bo bank accommoda tions nee. onablp tho merchant to pu rob a-:; thc corn at all, he had to pay 18 pfir cent., and that in Jv.ance, ro ney, cl ever-..; -, which makes Um inte; ?ut?det? to him about four tinfHPring ;t|M ffcar. So that a prudent ^MPft|i?jt|^ thc interest w, twenty-five per cent. ; so that'^aiWpfS^per bushol 'j. vuna on a credit, he would only ieave fifteen or twenty per cent, as a margin for all tho risks of tho transaction. Ob? ?ervo that tho laboring classes cf thc community, -who are over dependent on credit for tho*purchase of tho commonest necessaries Of lifo, aro thus obliged tc pay tho high rAtcs of interest, which ihc want of a usury law enables tho capital 1st to demand fur tho usa.of his money, Sd that tho high rates of interest v/hkh Ibo merchant ostensibly pays comes ulti mately out of the hard earnings of thc laboring man. And as tho merchants a? a c?atul?tand at tho head of nil the trad ing interests of tho country, tho exorbi tant mies of interest which ihey hate lc pay rsrn??i^M rind 'pervades every intoresl of society, to tho detriment of tho pool and d?pendent. AR ah offset to Hie eas* of tho widow iady alluded to by "A," Wi know of a ca?c in nu adjoining county where a mau failed to obtain tho moncj nece^.i.ry lo pay his taxe-?, and thc las; dny of'grace was rnpidiy approaching ho fe&ajly agre?d in a noie of hand t< Pay nt tho ritte of two p-r cent, a day foi toe loan of otmugh money to pay1 bli taies. Ou the other hand, wc know. q: niany men who, during all these years o "?Rh taxes and high rales of intere/t have resolutely refused io make mon than ten per cent, believing tb at tbe people generally could not afford to pay more, and be could well afford to take it. Aa a general rule tho money bolder in I just SB generous and just as charitable aa tho monoy borrower, and the same re mark would bold equally true, doubtless, with reference to the stock-holders of a bank, but all corporations havo but ono object In view, and that is to maxe money ; and as business men, it is to be expected that they are ready to take ad vantage of any legislation favorable to their interests. And who blames thom ? We do not certainly. But wo do blame our legislators, custo dians of the public int* rests, who arc not I to look at one single interest in the body politic, but to survey tho whole ground, and legislate for the "greatest good to the greatest uumber." And, Mr. Editor, what is the most remarkable thing of all io, that a bill for tho restoration of the old. usury law was promptly passed by a Radical Senate, and as promptly post poned by a Democratic House. Take care, gentlemen, you are treading on dangerous ground. If you fail to realize and provide for the pressiug demands of | the people in their most vital interests, tehel will be written upon you at tho next election, and you will be invited to step down and out, and make room for others moro In sympathy with tho people. But tho Charleston Chamber of Com I'merco, gathering all its powers and in fluence, actually belabors tho Legislature with tho long-exploded theories of legis lation-that it is better to have no usury law at all ; that money would be cheap er aud plontier without it. And this, too, in the face of the sad experience of | tho people of '.his State for the last ton years. Although the. rotes of interest without the usury law havo been juBt abat the capitalist might please to osk uot what tho country was able to pay- 1 .yet never In tho history of the people of this Stato is money border to get. And this some sort of Charleston influenco besieged the Legislature of 1866 for the! repeal of the usury law, as a temporary relief to the commerce of the country ; but give an inch and people will take an ell is as true in regard to Charlestoninns as other people. It i<< about time that tho Chamber of Commerce should bo taught that Charleston is not the Stat e. and that the Stato does not bolong to Charleston. Nor do we believe thnt the Chamber of Commerce represents tho true interests of the people of Charleston in this respect. Some of the leading1 business mes of Charleston seem strange ly oblivious to her true interests in other | matters besides that of a just and whole some usury law. For proof of this we would call attention to their persistent discriminations in way freights on rail roads, when it is evident to everybody outside of Charleston that such a policy is driving trade away from her merchants that properly belong to them. No doubt the repeal of the usury law would work injury to some of the Charleston merchants. They are mere agents for New York firms, who aro glad to furnish them money at five and six per cent., to bo re-loaned to the poverty stricken people of their own State at i twenty or twenty-five per cent. Othello's occupation would be gone. But instead thero would soring up all over the State sound and healthy basis of trade, founded upon low rates of interest and a modified homestead law, which would react upon tho prosperity of the Queen City, and make her what oho ought to bo ? -tho entrepot for the trade of the State, aud also of that of many portions of tho adjoining States. Let our legislators, in financial legisla tion, go back to the old system so long ! practiced In South Carolina, which made her credit equal to any State in the Un ion, contract but ferr debts, and pay what she promises faithfully. All along through our days of prosperity we had a good usury law, the credit of our State and the credit of our people was untar nished, and prosperity reigned through* out our borders. . ''Search for the old paths and walk therein." T. H. R. IN THE WRONG RCCI:. -Some ludi crous mistakes aro narrated about the occupants of the suites of rooms at tho National Hotel, Washington, which opened upon little halls, uniform in ap pearance, connected by long corridors, and which were all furnished alike. One night Senator Mangum, of North Caro lina, then President"pro tempore of the Senate, .a dignified gcntloomn of the old school," had. returned from a party, when Governor Upham, a Senator from Ver mont, came in without coremoay and touk a seat Tho two chatted away on politics, &c., until the clock struck one. i "Really, Governor tiphani," Baid Man rruro, "I Sm always pleased to see you, but ? Kcl'crc it h -:tti=~ very !-tc." "I bsvc 1 i thought so for some timo," replied Vp hatn, but made no movement. The half hour sounded and Mangum remarked: , "I thought, Governor Upham, that you had decided to go to bcd, Slr?" "So I "had, Mr. President," answered the Ver . monter, yet ho did not budge. Mangum i stared at hiT in amazement, and at Irst , said: "But why don't you goto your room? It will soon bo 2 O'clock." "My room, Mr. President! "Why this is my ? room, and I h ava been'waltina: for you to i go away for two hours past.'r 'M?ngum . sprang td hi? feet, looked into the sleep ing room adjacent, and found that he was ! in Upham'a room instead of his own. * Philadelphia. Pren. ---; . '-y . .-, .... r MIND.-Mind your tongue 1 Don't let i k speak hasty, cruel, untruthful, or wick . ed wdrds. - Mijdyour eyes I Don't permit them ' io look on wicked books, pictures or ob? . Mind your ears' Don't suffer thom to listen to wicked specchcc, songs, or r. words, , ... r Mina your lips 1 Don't let Btrong dunk t pass them. Don't let tobacco pollute them. Don't let the food of a glutton ' enter between them. } Mind your hands 1 Don't let them steal r o. ?;bt, or write nnr wicked words. s Mind your feevt Don't let thuin walk flin tho steps of tho wicked, Mind ??ur heart 1 Don't let ?ho love of ' sin dmll in iL Don't givo it to Satan, i but ask Josue to make it bis throne. e Youth's ibmprthion. - Benarka of Ute Hos. M. W. Gary on the Appropriation Bill. Ma. PfiESIDEHT ANO GENTLEMEN OP THE SENATE: The Une o? action that. I have endeavored to pursue as: a tnernber of the Democratic party, has heen firet to secure the political redemption of the State, through tf?? policy of "etraightout Democracy, and thereby to get control of the executive, the legislativo and ju dicial departments of the government. Them is no doubt that wo have the ex ecutive, and with the'casting vote of the President of the Senate, we now have complete control of the legislative de Eartraent of the government. I did my est lo secure the control of the judicial department, but *e were defeate/i . b*? our vote in emeu;, and tho high position of Chief Justice was conferred oy a Dem ocratic General Assembly op?n Ohe who for four years was armed against tu, and one who after the "long roll" bad ceased to beat, persecuted our citizens by ar rests and imprisonments, some of whom died of his cruel and cowardly treatment. This office was gi rea to o "carpet-bag ger," who was au avowed member of the Republican party, hy members who Were elected upon a "straigbtout" platform; and this election was carried over the claims of such sons of the State as tho Hon. A. P. Aldrich, who fell in his ju dicial career under tho shadow of the, sword, in a time of peace. Those who instigated and perpetrated the act imita*' ting tho redoubtable Fait-, aff, who stabbed the dead bodies of his enemies after the battlo was over. He was chosen ovor the Hon. W. D. Porter, who for years has stood the foremost member of the Charles ton bar. Over tho gallant General Mc Gowan, who was wounded five tim CD du ring the lato war, and who was tho second cboico of the Democratic caucus which nominated the presen' Jhicf Jus tice. The merits of that knightly and Chiv alrous soldier and gentleman, General J.' B. Kershaw, wero made to play tho part of "a bad third" in this most remarkable race. He was chosen over tho popular and gifted Mciver, who was subsequent ly elected as an Associate Justice, as au antidote to tho infectious Chief Justice. The modest worth of tho accomplished, the pure, honest and profound jurist. Colonel Carlos Tracy, was . S??O ignored by this grand rally xmder tbs flog of ?he carpet-bagger from New York. My next objective point has been and will bo to relieve this State from her fraudulent debt, created by the Republi can party, and to relieve our citizens from the payment of burdensome taxa tion, which has in tho past amounted to a confiscation of their ruined and deso late homes nuder the plan of levying a tax io support tho government and td Eay tho interest on tho public debt. I ave been informed, within the last ten days, by Mr. T. Gaston, the Sheriff of Edge?eld County, that there aro about 2,000 tax executions in his office, for past due taxes, being about two-fifths of our entire voting population. I propose, in order to arrive at an en lightened judgment in regard to the debi of tho State, to inquire whs*, it was un der the administration of Governor Jamel li. Orr, prior to July 1, 1868. At thal time it amounted to $4,438,958.98, inclu ding principal and interest. Tho con tingent liability of the State was $2,187, 608.20, which was secured hy joint mort gages and other liens sufficient to proteel tho State from loss. According to thc Treasurer's report of October 81, 187? tho aggregate amount of tho public debi was $15,851,827.85, upon all of whicl there was interest past -?ue and unpaid In tho short space of about thro ve:..; and four months, the debt of thia i}t&U was increased by tho enormous amoun of $11,412,868.37. Of this amount it ha been again and again conceded bj thi most unblushing ol' their party, that $7. 191,700 was a fraudulent debt of thi State. It was admitted in the act enti tied "An act to reduce the volume of tin public debt, and provide for tav- nayraen of tho same," passed Dt ?ember 22, 1873 that $5,96f 000 of bonds, known as con version bonds, issued under the act fo tho conversion jf stocks and bondi passed March 28, A. D. 1869, were pu anon the market without any authorit; o? law, and were, therefore, absolute); null and void. We next como to tho consideration 'o those bouds that have been funded o that are proposed to be funded under tb act of 22d December, 1873, and to ascot tain what proportion of them are frau;: uient, and nave been iasued in violatio of the letter and spirit of the laws of tb General Assembly ana of tho constiti tion of this State. Tho act of August 26, 1868,. author!; inn tho iasuo of bonds to the amount < $500,000 : also tho act of 26th of Augui 1808, authorizing tho issue of bonds I tho amoiint of $1,250,000, and those 1 sued under/act of February 17, 1869,; I tho amount of $899,000-these bo?< amounting in the aggregate to $2,649,0( -aro all invalid, because it ls ox press 1 provided that these honda.mould bc sol at tho highest market price by tho F nancial Agent of the State in tho city < New York, and not less than for h BU to bo fixed by tho Governor, Attorm General and.tao Treasurer." They we disposed of without compliance with tl above directions of the law. They wer in fact, hypothecated without tai diac'r tion of tho hoard, and tho sale of all w effected without reference to any ra fixed by the board. Thc Supreme Court in tho caso Morton, Bliss & Co. vs. 8. L. H03 Comptroller General, (4 Rich., New ? ries, page 430,) refused to allow the A tornoy General, who represented t! Stato. to introduce testimony to C3ta Ililli tl?A nfmrn fo/<fji Tfc lo artrnUta/t ?1. thc net passed on March 13. 1872, en tied "An act relating to thc bonds of t Stato of South Carolina," common called the "validating act," was ta passed by a vote -/en of two-thirds the members present, the President the Senate deciding in the teeth of arti? 9, .-.cotton 7, of thc constitution, that Wfio not necessary. (Seo Senate Jouri w'1871'and 1872.) But such ruli cannot abrogate tho provisions of t constitution. . ?? to tho acts of March 27,1869. whi authorized tho issue of $200,000 of bon and tho act of March 1, 1870, for $50 000 of bonds, they aro nnconstltution and. therefore, null and void for the i lowing reasons : 1. That in each tho p pose to contract a publL Jcht is not i pressed iu the title as any part of subject. 2. That each relates to m man one subject matter, in utter vic tloh of pritcie 2, section 20, which re as follows: "Every act or resolut having thc force .of law shall relate but ono subject, and that shall ho pressed in the title." As to the act cf February 174 1809 March 27, 1869, and of March 1, lt they aro each unconstitutional, jana tbi foro null and void, because they v passed without, ?ho requisito numbei votes, to wit : 4ftv?^h?rds of Ibo in ur?? of each breach ?f the General Asremb (Article 9, section 7.) 1 Now if we add tho amounts of $200 i issued March 27, I860, arid $506,00C ] sued March 1, 1870, they make $700, j which amount added to the $2,i " "* " ??' " I1"' 1 ' . ?" 1 ? ' OOO it egjpegato? 8,849,000 ?of bond? issued in violation of .the law anti the constitution, and they are therefore fraudulent, null and void. W?'h?tVe previously shown that on th? 31st bf October 1871, tho debt that had been added by the Republican partv amounted to $11,412,808.87. It also ap pears in the act of December 22, 1878, that $6,965,000 waa fraudulent. Id addi tion to this amount I have just attempted to demonstrate that there was $3,349,000 additional bonded, debt that waa also fraudulent, so the aggregate fraudulent debt amounts to $9,114,000 ; subtract this from tbe $11,419,368.87, it will leave $2, 098,308.37. This then h the true amount that should bo funded or fundablo under the act of December 22, 1873, which at 50 cents on the dollar amounts to $1,049, 184.13 the amount that the State owes on tho indebtedness created by the Republi can party, and if to this you ?rill add one half of $4,438,958.98, which ls the amount of - tho ante b. 'lum debt, it' will lea vu $2, 219,479.49; if to this you will add the amount of the Republican portion of the public debt which is $1,049,184.18, it Will Sive us the true amount of the public ebt of this State, which will be $3,268. 663.67, the interest being omitted on both amounts. New this is a fair and legal statement of the public debt of tuts State m?de by applying the provisions Of acts of thc General Assembly and the constitution of tho State, to the facts that are involved in the estimate of the pub lio debt. Again if you Will' toko the figures of tba Republican party as set forth in the report of the case of Morton, BIISE & Co. ri. 8. L. H?ge, Comptroller General of tho Stato, which fraudulent debt Wa? fixed at $7,191,708. If we add to this $3,349,000 it will amount to $10.549,700. If we subtract this amount from $11,412, 368.37, it will leave $871,668.87. If you settle this at 50 cents in tho dollar, ac cording to the act of 22d December, 1873. it will bo $435,834,18. This, then, is thc true amount of the debt that we owe that was created by the Republican par ty. If to this re add the true amount that wo owo of tho ante bellum debt which is $2,219,479.49, it gives the cor rect amount of the debt ol tho State, to wit t $2,665,818.67. Tbe parties to wh o tr this debt is payable can readily be ascer tained by re fore nco tb the registry ; kepi by tho Treasurer iu accordance with or tide 9, cection 14, of tho constitution ol this Stale. Tho consolidated debt of tho State ii represented by those who do not desire to look behind v/hnt has been, done bj tho Republican party ss follows : Con flolidated debt, $4;896,290.44 ; not cdnsol idated, $4,867,619.62. ThiB when consol datc-u according io ibo act of xzd of DC ceraber, 1873, would bo $2,183,769,81. T< this if you will add the amount of pas due interest on' the debt consolidated anc to be consolidated, which amounts t< $871,026.84, it will give their statemen of lbs public debt, to-wit : $6,961,076.09 Now, if you will subtract what I hay ascertained to bo the public debt, to-wit $2,665,313.67 from tho above amount o $6,951,076.09, it will leave a difference ii favor of my statement bf $4,285,762.45 which will make ?'big difference wit1 the purses of the poor tax payers of thi State. ? J I will next review some/ of the rirgu ments advanced by those, who are un willing to look.behind the debt' that tb act of 22*3 December, 1873, bas and wil establish, and who are. in favor of th levying iu the fifth section of thc bill e a tax sufficient to pay the interest du r.pon this debt. Those who are not of the legal profes sion are under the erroneous impressio that the State can bs compelled to pa the public debt by the ordinary proc?s of the law ; but such is not tho fact. Th Stats cannot be sited. For a breach of coe tract on the part of tho Sb:ic there is n legal remedy ; but there h a remedy fo a brc-r?ch cf contract bet v eon individual The very essence of the obligation is tb legal remedy for tb? enforcement of i The reason' of the di florence is given i the case of Morton, Bliss & Co. vs. S. I H?ge;"Comptroller General, and is ? follows : "That a suit pre-eupposes th submission of a controversy between tv, or more to a third porty, Independent < both, and, therefore, capable of doalin with the question iu a judicial apir with judicial authority. Wheo a BOY? reign State violates its contract, no sue independent source of authority can 1 appealed to, for the fact of sovereign! Ju the State precludes the possibility < its existence." It is, then, clear that State cannoi, for A violation of its obligi ?ion become.-the 'subject of cocrci\ Srecess to compel it to meet its just ii ebtedness. '! Thc Creditor must, tbe rely solely upon tho honor nnd mor principle of. her citizens and tho sour policy of her statesmen.. Tho action i tho General Assembly is, tb'crcforo, fin and absolute. If they refuse^ to levy tai sufficient i,o pay thc principal cr i :t?rest, Ibero is no remedy to comp^ thom to do so. .They are ?t once ii judges of thc law and facts, and fro thoir decision thcro is no appeal, exce ? lo tho peoplo. who are source of all poi er in a republican government. Tho second argument that ha3 be? relied Upoa by those who favor tho fif section of tho bill ?3 that thc Democrat party was pledged to nbido by t: edjustmcntbi thc public debt hy the act 'December 22, ?873, commonly called t "Consolidating Act," and to cstabli this they quote, a resolution adopted ' theStato Domocratic Executive Comm tee on the 4th of October, 1876, whv roads as follows : Resolved, That tho State debt, hov i boen practically adjusted by tho cdnso dation act of December 22. 1873. a most or lite creditors having come iii u dor that net, wo consider tho adjustmc as fina), and plcdgo the party to ab! by it. In my comments upon lim action tho mombera of tho "Stato. Dcmocro Executive Committee, I wish to say. tl J. know them well, and somo of tuen regard cs my personal friends, and I 1 lievo them to bc high-toned, hon? F>atriotic and good citizens. I, thorcfo n advance, di&claiql anything of a p iaOfr.w character in what X nra about I say in reference to them as members I this committc-o. Nov/ let us iook at j modo aud manner nt thc organization thia committee, lively other Exccnt, Committee had been elected by ' member-* of tho Democratic Convcnti and consisted of abont fifteen mcmbi Thi* was formed by a resolution of conveulic" giving thc right tc elect 'the bresideut- of lbs convention and 'candidates who had been nominated -the State offices; They mot ?ud tin overboard every . member of tho- tl Executive Committee except Colo Haskell and Colonel Fraser, and rcdu .tho number to BOven members. Now is a well-octnbiished. maxim of thc '. that protesta* delegate tion protest dclrg Therefore, tho election or re-cloctlor. this committee of teven ? violation of tue established proM?nl Democratic couveniioni'ahd thc lav tho land. The powers of Ibo Exccu Core.nittco arc next to be conside Tho-platform of tho Democratic p was referred to a committee compose? ono member from each county, and t T-'-"1" "-' i a careful consideration they reported a written platform, upon ; which the cam paign was to ho -conducted. The cus tomary duties of tho Executive Commit tee had been to appoint tho time, pince and persons who were to -address the masses in behalf of the Democracy: to invite speakers to assist in the campaign, both from within nnd from without the State; io diatributopolitical pamphiote, to inform thu Commissioners and Mahn Srs of Elections throughout the Stato of cir duties ; to Collect money to defray the expenses of the committee ; to havo tho ballots printed tod distributed-in CPO, to conduct the entire campaign. ? But they had no right or power to chango tho plat foi m either by adding to lt or taking from il. ' It was their compass to puido them in the campaign. Tl)(j adop tion of the above resolution was, there fore, a usurpation of authority not given ; to them, and was the addition of on im portant plank to the platform, and waa not binding upon any member of the Democratic party except the members of tho Executive Committee, i ? Unt?Ar this as.?urned authority, this samo Executive Committee pledged or attempted to pledge.' tho Democratic party to support an amendment to the State constitution. This j amendment reads as follow?,: That section 5 of articlo 10.bo amended as follows, to-wit: "The boards of County Commissioners of the soveral counties shall levy on annual tax ot not lea than two milla on the dollar of all taxable property in their .respective couiiiiet, which levy shall not bo in creased, unless by special onactm?nt of tho General Assembly, for the support of the public sohools in their respectivo counties, which tax shall bo collected at the samo time and by. tho same officers as the other taxes for the same year, and shall be held in the treasuries of their respective counties, and paid out exclu sively for tho public schools, as provided hy law. There shall bo assessed on al! taxable polls in tho Stato an annual tax of ono dollar on each poll, the proceeds of which tax .?ball bo applied solely to educational purposes : Provided, That no persou shall ever bc deprived of tho right of suffrage for thc non-payment of ?er.h tax. No other poll or capitation tax shall bo levied in this State ; nor shall the amount assessed on each poll exceed tho limit given in this section. . Thc school tax shall be distributed among the several school dist richi of tho counties in proportion to tho respective number ol pupils attending the public schools. Nc religious sect or.sects shall haye exclu sive right to or control of any part of thc school fum.1 s ol' tho State, nor shall sec tartan principles bo taught in tho public schools." 'This amendment was pass?e by the Senate at this session of tito Gen eral Assembly, . If it should becomo. t {tart of tho constitution, B'P* the tax b; evied to pay the public ..-ot; as nscer tamed under the concjiidatlon act o December 22, 1878, what will bo it: effect upou the tax payers of this State Tho last election returns show that wi have over 180,000 voters. In this Stat the capitation tax is levied Upon oil per sons, between twenty-one and fifty year of age., The amount of capitation ta: will bo about $150,000. Tho amouut o taxable PToper^ for tho jenr 1870, a appears from the report of tho Comp troller General,-is $133,132,638, Now, tax. of ?wo mills upon this amount wi] give $266,265.27. Now, tim added tc th ?150,000, will give ns an annual tax un ?er the constitution, Of $876,265.27, t? b ' used exclusively for educational purpose: If to this you add tho proposed levy c $270.000 to pay the interest upon th public debt, as ascertained by the Bc publican party, and in accordance wit tho resolution. of the 4th of Octobei 1876, adopting tho public debt ot tb Republican party, it will give you th annual tax of $646,265.27. This tax i Proposed to be fastened upon tho peopl y the modest' notion of the - seven gen tlemen of the Stato Democratic Eseci: tive Committee, in utter disregard of th wishes of 01,000 democratic voters. But If to this amount you add the sun of $143,100,-levied to pay the salaries c thr *iecutivo.nnd judicial officers of'th State, also the sum of $101,300, levied fe tho support and maintenance of th penal, charitable and educational inst luttions of the State, exclusivo of co m mo schools, and the sum of $10,000 for tl: printing.of the General Assembly, thee Hcvcral amounts aggregating $244,41? which.'adcTcd'?o thc $646,265.27, will gh us $890,675.27" as *the tax to bo levic under thc present bill ; and if to this w add tho Rum of $81,400 for tho pay of tl members of thc General Assembly ac tho P?ilaries of its subordinate office and 'employees, wo will hdvo tho nmout of taxes proposed to bo. levied by tl tn ciphers of this General. Assembly, a bf which amounts to tho enormous HI of $972,075.27, to be lovied upon a ta: able property of $183,182,688. Now, b fore the War, tho taxable property of tb State amounted to 9032,030,002,-lt bell four Up7P9 tho present nmount. Thoo 'penses'of tho government before tho w averaged about $450,000. Tho propos levy is moro than twico the -amount, being in excess, of tho cCTfV bellum o Fnses hythe sum of $522,070.27, and, have snown.'with only one-fourth tho tnxablo property upon which to rai this amount, and with" a financial ' pr? ; snro that. has been, without prcccuci and upon a pcoplo overcomo and ruin by war and persecuted, bvgUnjust, unla : folland "corrupt legislation for tho li ted years; ana still tho poisoned ch all j of corrupt taxation is to bo tendered their lips, and that, too, by thc action Democratic representatives. I trust t : General Assembly will pauso before tb consummate this great wrong upon t lin rinnt, al.rlirKrl ? rm ptjiipi? of tbl?C SLatC, ! i Those .who favor tho levying a tax ? "$270,000 to pay tho interest cn tho piib j debt claim that lt ia tho pet measure tho administration. This is a new te * .as applied to the government of Sot ? Carolina.- The State officers were : elected on thc samo general ticket . which thc Governor aud tho members : tho General -'Assembly were' olectod, ? I wo owe our election to the people..- ?1 , different.with tho members Of tho Cc ?Get of the Prrtaidnnr. nf ihn TTn?f?d St?1 ? Ile chooses his Cabinet, and they f confirmed or rejected by tho Uni i States Senate, and they ar? properly f 'officers of tho administration. > ' ' Again, you hear them assert that G t Hampton Ia favoring thin measure, i , that, too, : in ; th? faco of his inangt . messaged I shall quote from his mess > '.to disprove . this reckless - assorti ?! "The suspicions which attach to a j ) tion of thc outstanding obligations o? . State, and which, to -v greater or leas r tent, afit-ut file value-of all, rende i imperativa that these obligations, whi 1 er funded or not, should bo strictly, ? I tinized tr Ubi a view of ascertaining wi I arc valid and which are not. Thu *Ai r bsa wtd?ion'pccretlcnt lo the paymeii . ,'',.'wY-..' on any of UlOontstSWW? obi f tlonat of 4r?o State, whether in tho cl i of betula or othorwiso, and also to f further fonding Of any of tho Sute f ' dcbteduesV - into tho consol Mated bi o authorized tb bo Issued nader. -tho ac I. 1873 to reduce tbp volume of thc pt y debt." (Message? No, 1, pago 3.) if language be moro explicit aud tc r more convincing than those conta hiv the augeebttoDS of tho Governor to. the General Assembly ? Those who favored the election of Willard , to the office of Chief Justice secured his election by a&suriug the mem bers of the General Assembly, that ho was the dioico bf tho Governor. If they were the staunch supporters of ' the Gov ernor as to mee, way do they oppose him as to tho greatesfcnnd most absorbing measure that now agitates the minds of the tax payers of this State?' I opposed bim as to Willard because I believed that the bondholders desired >is eleva tion to this high position in the interest of the "bond ring." His presence there would serve as a basis to form tbe Su-, promo Court in the interest cf the fraud ulent bondholders of the State. If this vraa their intention, so far wo .?ja*e de feated thom. But why this indecent baste to recog nise the consolidated bond debt pf the State by the passage of a resolution be fore the completo organisation of I the General Assembly, adopted by the House of Representatives on December 24, 1878, as follows: "That in order tb a correct understanding of our objects and purposes by all the- people, it ia proper that we should, and we hereby do reit erate in good faith our pledgo to redeem, at tho earliest practical moment, the credit of the State by the pay ment of the matured interest on the valid, legal and recognized bonded indebtedness of the State, os now provided for by law." Was this resolution passed in the interest of tho tax payers, whoso trusted servants wo aro, or was it proposed and engineered through a body of inexperienced legisla tors unwittingly io the interest of the bondholders or tho bond speculators, and 'are those who now bress tho passage of this enormous tax bill legislating for tho tax payer or for the .bondholder nud bond speculator ? Those elegant, smooth mannered, oily-tongucd bondholders, bond speculators, bankers and members of tbe finnncial boards have produced a magical influence upon thc law maker? of this General Assembly. Tho supporters of this bill, with loud mouth pretensions to exceptional hnric; I tv. nra tn nf th tar foi? ??E*e ?2d Credit C? tho'Stato.: Do they not know that the Republican party, in article 9, section 16, hnvo repudiated a portion of tho pub lic debt, which is as follows: "No debt, contracted by this State in behalf of the lato rebellion, ia whole or in part, shall over be paid ?" The amount of bouda and stocks that have been rendered in valid by this clause of the constitution! issued for the military' defense of the Stole, amounted to $2,241,840.00.' They wero held by our own citizons. | Tho.aol of 22d December. 1878. also repudiator] oh?-hnlr of the public debt, which was $6,961,076.09 ; olsO.: lb the same act $5, 905,000; making in thc Aggregats th? amount repudiated under the terms ol 'the Constitution and acts of thc General Assembly $15,157,910. Theao gentlomcr who aro-guarding so jealously tho fail famo rind credit of tho State will havo t( go back and pay this repudiated debt i they wish to be considered consistent it their Quixotic schemes of public honesty Tho question naturally arises, havo wi any credit, and wh'at'?S'xhe condition o bur treasury? W Gov?rHor1 ^Hampton ii his message says, "the first, as it is th most important, subject to which you attention is invited is that of the finan cial condition of the State. It is need 1er; for me to Say that this condition i deplorable; for it . shows by our ?hp? treasury and a ruined credit ; by stagne tion io commercial circles and depressio in agricultural enterprises;' by publi and personal poverty as wide-spread fi lamentable." ' If we ha Ve to ro-estabUsh our credl bow can we do it better than au cnergeti inquiry into the validity of tho bond that hnvo been' issued, separating thoa that have been issued under tho form and sanction of the law from -the illegt and fraudulent. We are asked, to do i our legislativo capacity what wo woul not do in our individual transactions-t pay accounts, notes and I bonds that ai tainted with fraud without so much as a investigation^ Our people aro poverty stricken, and it is only necessary, to lev a tax sufficient to keep the' governmet going, and that amount is easily asee: fained. 1. For the salaries of tho oxecutiv and judicial officers of tho Slate, $143 100. 2. For the support and maintenance < the penal, charitable and educational ii stitutions of the State, exclusivo' of cnn mon schools, $101,800. ! 8; For public printing for tho tv bosses of tho General Assembly, $10.00 4. For tho poy of tho members of tl General Assembly, $81,000; making tho aggregate tho sum of $835,400. I boro left out bf this estimate thc H of one dollar on each ' poll: which1 dug to realize, if rigidly carried out, $150$ for tho uso of tue common school oystei AH of apia amounts aggregating tho su of $485,400-b? littlo above what was f tax levy before' tho war." .' ' Let not a sin? dollar oe.added to thia amount, for fi: you may drive a proud, biav?j mid hom people into tho last resort of universal i pudWion. . H -~-; hr = Haw THE FAB&IER MUST M AN AUB. When out of. debt, ; a farmer can, oi tight pinch, support his family on a v< small income. His cows, pigs and fon with tho breaUotbifi} he can grow with'<? any hired help, will supply him w: food. ? Then, thy keeping from fifty ono hundred bcns.'hc can buy his gro ries with thc surplus eggs j and with few pigs fattened, a few calves, h Ht surplus grain, ho eau clotho his-faint land thus avoid mortgaging.hisiarm-r-l ?C-th. h?Cl], mZ, li.Oa* V?qUo, pm U lUIlill {irosperity aud peace of mind. Kvi armer who finds it bord work to "nu both ends meet," and bas girls and b trowing, up, should have a patch of sin enies, raspberries, or oi other sn fruits, for tho children to weed and' pl ?od also to sell in tho village, if it hv far off. Let tho rising generation sm< farmers bo utilized by being, thus < ployed at times in some profitable i pleasant work. Strawberries often y i one hundred bushels y.er acro,'?r3, quarts,-worth anywhere from ten to tw ty cents a quart ; and many a farmer cleared, with tho help of his childi $100. on a quarter of an acre. 7, Tho \ son, Charles Dawning, Green, Prol Kentucky; Champion, -Monarch. *of West, Seth Boy den, and Jucuads, among tho most popular varieties,. 1< 'ODDER PEAS'.-Says a practical mer: I have for years kept fatterc and had moro milk and butter, anti leas : moneys . than anybody know Firstrr-Jjow peas broadcast, three p or n bushel pcr 'acreT in tho mont May, harrowing thciu Tn *aitcr brea] '. thom io woll ; thefl, in September, . I r. them ; tip just when u, few begin to und rua?ce.bay, out of the vines and t . I-getfr?m.4,000 to 5 000 pounds ncr i ofhay, that ia catch by cattlb aba h< as eagerly' aa if lt were' 'the' b*^:*^ i Pulling nr>' is ?ar prsiMrsblo to-Jcnt X sa.cattle seem to love thje.eaots,^ ; thats the tops, and it is ?vd to bo i i. nutritious. No manuring in ncccs r and one acre'in sowed peon ls wort I of fodder. Thongut? tor tho Monib> HIDE CROPS-COW-PK AH A'Stf O ATA. . Whilst tho main sumracr.crops oro--.oil fairly under way, thero aro.?omp, ywca oa Southern farms aro usnally regarded & secondary ot tide crops, that1 may still be started with Tory great advantage. Foremost anions th?s?;, ia the. which may bo planted uuw in tho stubble fields from which grain has been har vested) il If the soil is strong end hay la desired, sow ??oad'Cask J? oosha)#i?sed per acre. If the soil is poor or seed tho object, sow in drills, dropping G to 10 seeds in ? bilh Care must betaken not .to coter very deep, ?a th?<pea cannot force ita way up through much thickness of earth. One hoeing,, and, one. or per haps two ploughing?, may bo required to make tho crop-ample return for which is made in the improvement of tho land, ; oven, in oases where no part' of the crop is gathered or, consumed-on tho ground by a tock. , For years past'we have been laboring to get toe oat crop of the South enlarged, pressing it upon'the attention .of oar readers io season and out of season -wo ara anxious to do the same for tho pea crop. .Most.farmers are, satisfied if they plant peas in their corn-fields, and let their stock gather them. So far very good, but the pea crop is entitled to moro than that-it ehoula Wika rank along with oats as a relief to the corn crib, partly laking the place of corn as Teed for work stock. Animals, like men, are greatly ben cfit ted by variety of diet, and when at hard work a partial ration of peas will be found as valuable to thom' as beans to tho laboring man. We write hot from theoretical considerations' merely, but from actual trials, having .seen' horses and mules kept in most excellent condi tion on peas as their principal .food. It is moreover a very caeap crop-tho Cost of'Cultivation much less than that. Ol com, and by cutting the vines, with mow ing blades-instead of ; picking: tho pods, the harvesting becomes very light. Like _<,. ?.?,.!-!-I-.IL I__.: Je.--?--J CZ.J? *C "limIOIIOO >uug - xuiago auu grain, and the unconsumed paris ol' the stems passing into the litter bf tho stables, make most admirable manure. A ped ?ud uai Orup could foliow bach other foi a long period in tho samo field, and willi decided benefit to tho land. Tho pei may bc planted after the Oats arc har vested, and tho next crop of oats sown a< thoiaat ploughing of tho peas, ?ie. . Ole sedge fields'planted now in peas wi 1 make fair crops, which can bc fsi&wec advantageously, by cate, as euggestet above, it will bo observod that in thi arrangement, tho ploughing in of th? oats is entirely saved, and that crop costJ nothing bat toe seed, 'the sowing- of th? ?inon.ft?d th*- harvesting. The peaa v.'ii fr?ay for their- own. cultivation,!in. tin brago they produce, at tho-same timi that they enrich ?ho land, and' when foi lowed by oats, the cultivation of the pei virtually makes th* crop, io then any excuso for. a farmc-r who. ia short o rio ck feed? Tho above crops aro re co m mended for restoring tho poor, ''thro'wi out" upot3 on the farm, which' ard loi poor to pay for tho cult int ion of con and cotton-start now and run them fo ?' number of yearn in peas:and oats,'fbi lowing each other. M'y > it i GEBMAH MILLET. Another sido crop, which it LS not yt too Into ta plant, is "Ger?iao," OT as i ie sometimes called "Golder." millet: : J is growing rapidly in favor with all wh hhvo tried it. A gontloman recently it formed us'ihat, teing ?'.ort ?? esra ira sommer, he fed his males on this milh -which had boen cut when tho .sec werQ'.in "milk"-withput giving thea grain or other feed of any kind, and the worked as well and kept in as good orde as when 'd with the nsual ration of cor abd fodder. As droughts may BOO occur, it would bo, well to select for tb millet, a spot of ground rather dispose to be'damp-not wet bottoms, however^ they aro not suited to it-bring itrby fi peated ploughings and harrowings int the finest tilth, just iw you nrould a lu nip patch, manure heavily-Tkiliod cott/j seed, or the meal are excellent^-and eo ibu ticed lb shallow driiis 2j to ? io apart-J bushel is enough for an'acr When up cultivate with sweep, and ci and cure when tho B3cd aro in ''milk," COHN i-ODD^It., Plautings for Com Fodder may still 1 made, but to guard aga?u? drought,, tl laud should oo yery deeply broken at brought, into tory fino condition, o; about two bushels of seed per .acm. BOT in drills 8 foot apart.. > flood .cultivsth isl essential'to a good crop, and . r,o heavy manuring^well-rotted stable m nure (not fresh)i killed or crushed cotb seed, or cotton seed meal oro suited to i Cat when the tear? aro forbiog-it dc not acquire its full swcotacsS Ahd ''bod1 till that stage) of growth. ! . Peas and Sorphutn.-knolhet very te collent ' f ordgo ficombination orop; is pf and aorahum. Eown broadcast togeSi A? halffbu|sb?l bf qorghura;?eed. and o bushel peni per ?cro. on good land: ?v make ' at very TarijeV1 ani??nt" dr most < .ccllent forage. Tho upright j stems > sorghum hold | tito poss. up and rend? tho cutting easy. , 6\VEET i'OTATOjy. Sweet potato slips may be put < during tho wholo of thia, : month-1 early varieties through July tisd/'^ wards the end of Juno plantings may ' mado of the tmcs.of those first put out, they have made growth. . ?Lavo tho bi bedded, rpn a shallow furrow oh ??? oed, placo two or thrco vines side hy 6 all along tho furrow, and:with a l cover ? at such intervals sa .to , lesta small portion of the vines.unwvered "far from'each other as ?illl?* of point ilHUgllir'orn ' Tl* t\\o ?jaih -' ?? '??C? dry, they will soon take robt abd gr 1 and tho potatoes produced from them. ; the beat. to keep,, thr?ugh. thc win Stubble fiolds are well suited to'lhes?] pota toco. Potatoes need little workin just sufficient to keep out graos and wp and, so much loosening of. th? with the "plough as torcndor.e draw up or hilling of tho plants' oksyl '?I important'that in doing this, tho ti bo noticovered, as thev atrlkn reata ?asily, and will ospend their ?nergie d?velopingjBtnaU potatoes '. through middles. For tho same rcr wa tho vi should bo loosened up from tho grot Ofter heavy rains all through the' soai V j ptyi&mft?amsm OB oom?: If corn hw beera well: worked, no h weeds and arass.will boin tho fieldi tho laying by. is aimplo and pasy* . Ali thorough auvfac3--otdv?r?*ln? ' Tag is alf th'atis neoned.1' ?f thV'fiel fotri (cspbrnairy if bonsai land,V ?i hoeing will bo necessary tbing^ ?hong h?jref hsppp, or* i well^oc? farm unless excessive rains interfere < hloughiug. 4 It te' fartromely ?mpo? that thi^S^plongb?noyfchob,ia ho's%i so sh i?t;to ?5St;uio. f-orsco'? or "?j roots which aa^e noty^^ tho h??*oHJte stalks td pbyyf&y imporjai^ part: in ccorv/?ny of tho plantr^tho ^h^n |w:iiiesa a Verywcondary^co^iid?ra pbsstts, aud scad fbrth MVMHmA paratlrely short fibrous; roots-?R-1 Eirootion. Ono of their function! tloualy, is to absorb the moUturo v "HW ^etea^M*o^^ the .ttm*rp*tn%yttm3wtiit? tberoos. , , . i ^a* We) ar* notj*?$?uUlc for tUo riowttrA ?PA11 TOtau^?^u?a^ of E. BJ MU?BAY 4 CO., Anderson,?. C. 1 1 J." 1 ? ? 1 1 " " !B collected by tbe leaves duri OK beaty lew? jarid light rains, arid which, defendi ng down the sta IV, ainka into tho. earth im mediately around Ita baso. This water ia usually quite Strongly impr?gnate. with, arumoiiia, a favorite food of tb *com Slant, , These numerous absorbers make te manuring bf corn in tho hill w gen? erally successful. It is good practice to sow peas in the com field at the last ploughing. We have* Seen recently an account of some experiments made , to testlne qucstlou of how much tho ctru crop" is cut off by thc presence of thepeas -the difference bi yield bi two portions, one with peas the other a? t, waa scarcely appreciable-the pei* crop ?Ved. the' fer tilizing of the land waa shown to bo al most a clear gain. Where the seasons are at all short, early varieties of pear should bo sown in tho corri, as they can?ji make much headway till the fodder ls pulled. COTTON. Push cotton by frequent ploughihgs, and give it so much booing cs may be licceasary to keep it perfectly clean. June ia the month for cotton to. m&ke ifecrfr-aftcr.thut we wish it to make irait -and frequent ploughing^.hasten rapid growth. After fruiting begins, the nloughinga should be at Icoger intervals. Bring to a final stand as aeon ns possible. What that Bhouid bo, depends on many circumstances-nature of land, of season, of'decth of soil," amount of manuring, Ac., ac, On good fertile' clay soils m this vicinity, well-prepared and manured, good distance-givjng each plant an op portunity to expand and develop itself fully-wo find produces'.tho beef' results. -Southern Cultivator for June. The Fonce JAYT. . Section 1. That upon tho written ap plication of 60 of tho tax-pnyere of any township in any county of .thia State, I who may desire to substitute the fencing of stock in lieu of fencing the fields, it I shall bo tho duty of the Comrrjltsic-ncrj [ of said; county to order nu election in ? said township between thc 10th and 20th of August, ortho 10th arid 20th of Uo 'timber in. any year. GO days' nbtico thereof being given iii ono or mora of fthe tiewsptieora'p?blishod io said county, specifying the time sad place or purpose of auch election, and the form of ballot I to be used at aucb election, and to ap I point three managers of election, wno I shall, without compensation, hold and i conduct said election, and immediately upon the closo' thereof make return to the Commissioner of the'county, who ehall declaro and publish the result of ? said election in ono or moro of tho news ! naners published in said rvmnty'; n?d if [? majority of the qualified electors of i said township voting at sold flection ebal' hays -?oted ?br tbs ?,doptJoa of thia .act,''theri the Bflm?' Bhail be end become of force iii skid township.- on tn o ist day of January hext- succeeding' such cloe ' tion,.aud from. and ?ultr that dato, all 'laws now existing jin regard to, thc crec I lion and' maintenance Of fences in said I township shall bo nail and void ; and it shall not be lawful for the owner or man vi low rip'ti? or sny of them'to run at large beyond tho limits of their own lands in said ?township. Sec 2. That upon the, written-; applica l.tipn of 60 tax-payers. inpeach township l in any county in tho State, it snail bo tho I duty of tho Oommfesiohsra or tho county ' for said county tb order au election to be held in each township in the county on the same day, in the manner and under the regulations of tho foregoing section ; and lr a'maiorit}' bf ibo townships in i said comity shall adopt this act, then the I samo shall be of force iu said county on j tho .lat day of January next succeeding' said election^ and alf thc provisions of th?n the same ehall bc. of force in the townships in which tho same shall bo adopted by a majoritv nf the' 'votes' cast afc said election in said township. ^Sec.;?. If any of the an?mala enumera ted in tho foregoing section .'shall hereaf ter bp found, at largo, or upon tho lands of any person other than tho Haid owner,. : in said township, tho manager br owner of said animals shall, if be bo a citizou of said township, bo liable for all damage dono by tho said anissa to the. owners of tho crops or tho landa upon which they trespass.''': ri -1 _ . A a? _- _ r? ? . _: _ __ r ._ 1 1 of tho county in which tho trespass was committed, who shall irauc his warrant immediately, returnable within five days from tho dato-theicof, and at-tho time andr piece named in the warrant the case will ho tried; and the awoupt of damages j ; ?ustMtncd by tho complaiSr v? 5SC?**s*??ed, . and judgment given for the a?m?,.with , legs* ccst?, an irs thc cass of nthT ivar ntum. ?": Sec 6; V/bouoTcr 'any township or county shall adopt, tim act. aud it shall ^become Dccp^aary tb protect the lands iu a#tf township or county from-tho inenr sipaof atock or cattle from shy adjoining township or coButy* the Commissioners of the county... aro. authorized to erect fences atong such linea of thc township or county nS are closed td such incur sionsi, and for that?ptHpoS?'to enter upon .tho lands of any pomonin. feld -township, or tho arljoining township/ or county, and . to erect tjuch fence thereon, without being guiity'of aiiy" trespass Svfcatcvcr. And the said ComxMesioncffi shall have power and nu t fiori ty to construct fences across ,3tt? nublivi.or lxrivni/t. rruuL Pr.-v.-iiliul. Thafc'propor gates ?r? established on sucri public or private roads; and to .levy arid collect a tax upon the real property o' Said township or county to defray; thc lejfoe&se* of erecting add=imainiaining aw???uce?i, said tax to be colWcd at tito ejun? time and in tho uamr -canner aa; Othfcr' Slate ?ud county tases ar? levied .and Collected; Aud the County Com? missioners are authorised arid empowered to ,naka euch a?fia&emen4s with .the owners ol. property contiguous to and on ortiier side of the township or' county , lines ais moy accomplishtho object of protectiagitheieouuty or township from tho incusaon cf cattle or stock.? Sec. 0.., The laws pow ; of force i n re tard to the erection and' maintenance of fonces shall apply to 'any fence erected iq pursoaocs of tho forego.?g section ; and all persons disMuhin^'or injuring f^?d shall bk puntenaol? ni} provi I'dedlhrfald la wi j aifd ail cattle braking said fences HhnM hts dealt with ns provided in said raws..- ? -v- ; .. .Soc. 7.-. 1(2 shall be tho duty of any per sen or perswi3 dri?iug stock, such as cat tle, horses, xcnlsa, sheep, O? heg?, through the pahii?' soails Of any ' $001^,' to so : iW^^ drtvethe s/Tune- thai (ihey shall npfc ho allowed to cater up^ or work: in.? ? ijerg to tito lauds or crory* of the. citizens .of ?-aid count/, i ; Sec. 8>' It ahall bu the dnty cf each and otcry employer Sn*' auy county ot town f ship whtoh aha!ll ?dept th? pro?Wtcna of ; this act. to finnish caeJt and every om jajoyco hirod by hlux wltlt^ood pasturage : i for the stock ovroed hy such employee, ? not excoeeins tw5ncad ?f*a?ie to every k field hand in amount.