Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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BY HOYT & CO. ANDERSON, S. C., THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 25, 1875._VOL. XT-NO. 1!). KATES OF SUBSCRIPTION.-Two Dollars per annum, and One Dollar for six mouths. Subscriptions are not taken for a less period than six months. Liberal deductions made to clubs of ten or more, subscribers. RATES OF ADVF.RTfSLXG.~Ouc Dollar per Miliare ot one lach for the first insertion, and Fifty Cent? per square for subsequent insertions lesstlmii three u.nnth*. No advertisement counted less than a MUarc Liberal contract* will be uadewith tluMe whiting to advertise for three, six or twelve months. Ad? vertising by contract must be confined to the im? mediate business of the firm or individual contrac? ting. Obituary Notices exceeding five- lines, Tributes of Respect, and all personal communications or matters of individual interest, will be charged for at advertising rates. Announcements of marriages and deaths, and notices ofa religion* character, are respectfully solicited, and will be inserted gratis. M? ANGEL MOTHER. Iti the land beyond the river, Under the skies forever fair, Dwells my sainted angel mother Watching for my coming there. One day o'er the silent waters At the setting of the sun Went site with the mystic boatman, And her earthly life was done. Much I miss her at the twilight When the shadows veil the skie*. For she used to sing at evening Many tender melodies. 1 have "stood in old cathedrals Where u hundred singers sung, But their voices never thrilled me Like her voice, when I was young. Site would take her time-worn Bible, When the lamps were all alight. And from that God's word she read us Truths to guide our steps aright, And she whispered us of Heaven. Where the many mansions are; And while she was here among us Heaven seemed not so verv far. n* Oh. 1 know the angels met her When the boatman rowed her o'er, And they sang a song of welcome When her feet touched Heaven's shore. There she waits the Heavenward coming Of the one she loved on earth, On her face and heart the glory Of her new immortal birth." Sometimes, in the twilight silence. I fancy she is near. And I listen for her blessing, Which I feel, but do not hear. Then I long to hear her calling From tluit fairer shore than this, For my heart grows weary waiting For my angel mother's kiss. SSSSS Fur the Anderson Intelligeneer. THE SABBATH. Did you ever think how much you need, how much the world needs, a Sab? bath? Just about one-seventh of time, for. the demands of virtuous and happy being; to refresh and refit that delicate but frail little tenement in which you live and move and have your being; to dress it up in its neatest, its best attire; to take time to review yourself, to count your limbs, and count your years, and count your failures and successes, your vices and virtues; to recapitulate; to garner the lessons of a running account in human experience, the account cur? rent with men, with business and with God; to stop and look all over yourselves and all through yourselves and gather the census of all your property in the virtues, your acts, your speech, your manners, your decorum; to run home, and in home's sacred circle of affection to measure yourself to sec if you have grown taller, manlier, better; for this and for more you need a seventh of time. There is a sparkling spring filling its own little limpid lake of waters be? neath a shady rock along the road side of human life. It is the Sabbath to weary man. There is a retreat of still? ness and of quiet outside of the city where the still small voices are heard and the noise of men is distant?it is the Sabbath. In this busy age, we need a Sabbath more than ever. The mind grows weary, the heart surfeits of busi? ness, but the Sabbath's sweet rest restores energy, and makes us delight again in our work. The little sleepless pendulum rests at that moment when it stops to turn, and the earth in making the short bend of its orbit around the sun moves slowly and takes breath for the next long sweep of its course. A thousand suicides have beeu taken in the bud and killed by the Sabbath. Thousands ot maniacs have been spared the world by it. The world owes its great inventions and dis? coveries to the day that rested and cooled the fevered brain. It cools and pacifies the angry purpose, and it is dangerous to the plans of incendiaries and murder? ers to cross one Sabbath before the exe? cution of those plans. You need that portion of consecrated time to read, to cultivate the heart, to furnish yourselves with a fresh supply of good resolutions, to put on the wedding garment of manly and holy thought, to hold converse with the greatest and best of Beings. You have need to speak to the King. You have, as every other subject, business at Court. You cannot be content with yourself without some religion. And religion would forsake the world if the Sabbath did. It is not your recreation day, but your day of honor and magna? nimity ; your day of high deportment; your day of most honorable associations, when you call to mind that you are akin to the nobles. Amlerson, November 15, 1875. Bad and Incompetent Juries. There is some improvement in the character of the Jury Commissioners in this State, which will make itself seen in the quality of the jurymen; but no care in preparing the list of names, or honesty in drawing the names, will give the peo? ple good juries if the persons drawn arc excused from service by the Judge. The law exempts a large number of persons from serving as jurors, and this exemp? tion is sufficient except in cases of ex? treme gravity. It is unpleasant for a man in active business to be confined in a court-room for a couple of weeks, and we grant that his service may cause him severe l<?s ; but he owes it to the State ;l:id lo bis fellow-citizens to bear his part of the common burden, and the higher Iiis position and the greater the value of his time the more needful is it that lie should serve. Unless we do our part in protecting others, we cannot expect to be protected ourselves. Upright and intel? ligent men who are excused from jury dutv make vacancies which are seldom filled with equally good men. In this ivav they help to lower the character of tin" juries. For the moment their neigh? bors stiller. They stifTcr in turn when they are before the Court, and their neighbors, by following their bad exam? ple, leave them to the mercies of an ig? norant or inexperienced jury. \Vc do not think that any citizen should ask to be excused from service on , jnrv; unless he be too sick to go out, or he can prove that his interest would be, in some wny, irretrievably injured. I hit some will ask it. and to the Judge, therefore, the public must look for pro? tection. The Judge cannot be too stern, strict or impartial, and it is well Ii? ?mould remember that the citizens who ire most valuable like the least to serve. There is only one way to secure the right ind of juries, and that is to make every crson serve whose name is drawn, and ,lio is not exempt by law. The nearer dir Judges approach to (bis standard, j he butter will the juries bc.--.W? an>l\ SENATOR COCHR.VN'S REFORM. Columbia, S. C, Nov. 8,1875. Hons. W. B. Nash, S. A. Swuifs, M. J. Hir.irh, E. JW. Brayton. JnmesSt. Smith, II'. //. Jone?, ./. H. White, ./. Jfn/(in</s head, L. L. Gv?ti, A. W. ?urti*, Wm. Simon* : Gentlemen?I expected to have met many Republican members ol' tlie Gen cral Assembly here this week, and hoped to have an opportunity for consultation as to the best means for laying the foun? dation for the inauguration of such reform measures, through and by the legislative department of the government, as will redeem each and even- pledge made by the Republican party during the cam? paign of 1S74. Unfortunately, most of the members are at home, and I shall take the liberty of addressing this com? munication to such members only as are in the city, and trust that you will give the same your immediate attention. For a long time 1 have been watching the efforts made by the executive depart? ment of our State "government for reform. It is a pleasure to say thus publicly that I admire the numerous messages and speeches of his Excellency Governor Chamberlain on reform, and the sincerity and earnestness with which he seems anxious to deal with the weaknesses and faults of our administration. I also sym? pathize with Comptroller Dunn in his efforts to purify the treasury department, and correspondingly with our State Treasurer in his eagerness to protect the people's money from the devouring maw of banks and" their coadjutors. Both seem to have a sense of their duty?so sensitive that it will be hard for the peo? ple if they cannot manage between them to arrive at the milk in the cocoanut; and last, but not least, I appreciate the laudable efforts of our Attorney General to convict defaulters, particularly as he has had the annoyance of seeing them relieved from the consequences of their crimes, after so much expense and trou? ble, through constitutional provisions invoked in their behalf. But I feel com? pelled to submit, after a careful consid? eration of the whole subject, that the question has arisen in my own mind, can all this really bring about reform, lessen the burdens of taxation, or economy in expenditure ? Can our executive reform? ers secure us anything really substantial? And, in reply, I am fain to express the opinion that without help from legisla? tive sources they must beat their wings against impossibilities. To explain myself" fully, let me say that, now the State Treasurer publishes his monthly statements of every dollar received and paid out, from whom, to whom, and on what account, nobody can truly say that the funds are stolen, un? accounted for or misapplied. Therefore, it seems to me that the only reform now practicable is an economical levy and ap? propriation, so far as administrative finan? ces is concerned. Nothing further in this direction can be reached but by the passage of constitutional or legislative measures. Such have, after all, made all the late reforms possible, and most of them necessary. There is no longer any doubt that the Legislature of the State is as earnestly committed to reform as any branch of the government, and it is as a member of that body, knowing the feeling of many of my colleagues, that I have presumed to notice here some of the Sractical consideration which I think eservc notice at the present time; and in doing so, I may add, I am confident that branch of the government will never ask credit for any reforms they do not institute and secure. Both Republican and Democratic pa? pers have to some extent discussed the necessity of a new constitutional conven? tion for South Carolina. Now, I feel as? sured that the approaching legislative session will prove that we can secure all needed reforms without the expense and excitement consequent upon such a con? vention. If editors and public men will give fair attention to the wants ot the times, and the people will do their part, I belie ve the constitution may be amen? ded so that it shall be as effective in se? curing honest and economical govern- j ment after the next election as any organ? ic law in the United States. In this view I may, without any undue presumption, cite some of the changes which oiir pe? culiar condition needs and recent reforms in other States naturally suggest to every thoughtful man. These changes should be constitutional and substantially as follows: 1. Fix constitutionally the public debt as it is now fixed by legislative enact? ment. I can see nothing to prevent fu? ture legislation on this matter, which might involve the State for six millions or more of bonds, which are now alleged to have been issued fraudulently. 2. Restrict the powers of the Legisla? ture for levying taxes and making appro? priations, and require all such levies and appropriations to be specific, and not to exceed a given amount for any fiscal year. 3. Make the legislative sessions bien? nial, and change the day of meeting to the second Tuesday in January. Make the pay of legislators $800 for a session of thirty days, $700 for a session of forty days, $600 for a session of sixty days, and $500 if protracted for a longer" period. Wc have too much legislation, and the people cannot too sternly discourage long sessions. 4. Restrict the court to two terms for each county annually, reserving to the' Judges the right to call special terms for sessions business only. We have alto? gether too much litigation. Also provide that court should be held at seasons rea? sonably convenient for the people. For instance, in the eighth circuit in such months as July, August, December and January. 5. The right of suffrage should he ade? quately protected. Provide that each county shall be represented in proportion to the ratio of votes actually polled at its elections; but in no case should repre? sentation be allowed for any number of votes in excess of that shown by its cen? sus to be qualified to vole. Then if, from intimidation or other cause, the people shall fail to exercise their duty or right to vote, the county will lose representa? tion, and unjust representation will be impossible. i?. The constitution should provide that no (Sovcrnor, State officer or Judge shall be absent from his post, except in very few and special cases, or by leave of the Legislature. 7. Obtaining one office for the purpose of commanding the approach to the other should be discouraged. It should be pro? vided that no person holding office shall be eligible for any other office during the term for which he was elected. K. Provide that the Governor may veto curtain sections of any bill for the expen? diture of money of the creation of a debt, without prejudice to the rest. !>. Prevent the General Assembly from passing any local or special law, or from granting any power or privileges, that can be provided for by a general law, or where the courts can be made competent to grant the relief asked for. 10. In quire that taxes shall he uniform Upon the same class of properly or sub? ject, but allow the Legislature to author I i izc a tax by license on peddlers, auction? eers, brokers, merchants, professions, showmen, liquor dealers, toll bridges, and ferries, insurance companies, tele? graph and express offices, railroad inter? est or business, traveling agents or vend? ers, and all persons or corporations own? ing or using franchises, etc. This is one way to carry out that part of the Repub? lican platform which pledges us to do all in our power to relieve and protect agri? cultural interests. It must be considered that the main industry of our State is agricultural, and that this the greatest of I of all our interests has been sorely taxed j and discouraged. While New England strains every . sinew to protect her main interest, that j is, her manufactures, and has thereby ! become prosperous, wc have been practi? cally compelling our farmers to bear al? most every dollar of taxation. It is time for us to remember that a farmer can only turn over his money once a year, and that his profits cannot be increased, except by economy in expenditure. 11. The constitution should forbid the Legislature from auditing or allowing any private claims against the State. It should make appropriations to pay such claims at its discretion, when audited by the Comptroller General, but in no case should such appropriation be made in the bill making appropriations for gener? al Stare purposes. 12. The Legislature should be empow? ered to prevent unjust discrimination in freights on railroads in this State, as be? tween way-stations and the termini of the road. 13. Constitution should require State officers to make their reports within three days after the General Assembly shall have met, on pain of instant removal from office. 14. No person should be eligible to n State office who has not been a citizen of the State for five years, nor to a countv office who has not resided within such county as a citizen for one year immedi? ately preceding his election or appoint? ment. ? 15. Constitution should provide that all phosphate royalties, and other sources of revenue to the State other than taxes levied by the General Assembly, should be set aside for free school purposes. lfi. No State or county officer should be allowed to hold his "office more than four out of every six consecutive years. 17. Constitution should define more clearly the powers and duties of Lieuten? ant Governor; provide for cumulative voting or minority representation. IS. Reduce the number of the State's charges; counties should pay their own Treasurers, Auditors, &c. The Legisla? ture should fix for each county the max? imum of salary to be paid each officer, allowing the counties the right to reduce the amount to suit themselves. 19. Make tax levies for State purposes directly upon the counties; a given amount for each specific purpose, named in dollars, instead of mills, and based upon the Auditors' reports. 20. Provide that no branch of the State government shall contract any in? cidental or contingent accounts. Require the Legislature to anticipate all expenses of government by levy and appropriation specifically made. 21. Provide that convict labor shall be utilized du all public works, both State and county, or on railroads, guarded by such laws as will secure humane treat? ment for them, and prevent their employ? ment by private parties, to the detriment of the interests of laboring people. 22. Fix the legal rate of interest on money at seven per cent., and require the Legislature to pass such laws as will in general prevent the collection of a larger amount. Our agricultural people had bctter'do without money or goods that arc worth eighteen to thirty per cent, to carry. 23. Protect and encourage the raising of sheep by empowering the Legislature to levy a special tax on dogs. 24. Real estate should be assessed an? nually. 25. Should forbid any officer from de? positing school, county or court funds outside the county to which it belongs, unless there be no bank of good standing in such county. Should also require the State Treasurer to deposit all tax money to the specific account for which it was levied and collected, the same to be drawn upon only in payment of such specific appropriations. Should provide that no State officer should serve on any board, committee or commission. Coun? ty Commissioners should be required to apportion the tax levied and collected for county purposes before the same is collected, which shall constitute a spe? cific fund for various county and court purposes. Should provide that all State and county officers should be elected by the people. Should provide that commissioners of election should be elected by the General Assem? bly. I do not claim to have cxhauscd the subject, but I feel assured that I have not gone beyond the spirit and meaning of the pledges made by the Republican party in its platform of 1874 in any of the provisions suggested, and, I may add, that reform to be real must be incorpo? rated in the constitution. Parties in power are liable to error, and even wrong? doing. The interest of the people re? quires for this Radical disease a Radical cure. Other States have admitted this, and called constitutional conventions to apply the remedy. Shall a Republican State be behind the Democratic States of the South in securing that reform in its organic law, which alone gives security to its people ? Rut, as I have said, the State of South Carolina, the solitary Republican jewel in the Southern crown, can, without the resort to a convention?a resort which will practically announce to the world the lailurc of the Republican party to give the State a sound government, though its Legislature take hold of these issues?pass the necessary measures of reform as amendments to our constitu? tion, and be sustained by the people, and the solution of South Carolina's political and financial troubles will have been ef? fectually reached, and with honor alike to the Republican parly, the State gov? ernment and the people. Hoping these views will meet your ap? probation and command your supp< , I remain, yours, respectfully, John P. Connt.vN. Tin: itKl'LY. Col.UMltiA, November 12, lS7-r>. I fun. John l{. Cne/uv? : Silt?Afler a careful perusal o!" your letter of the 8th inst., in which you spec ; ify certain reform measures that should be advocated and enacted by i he Legis? lature of this State we beg leave to sub J mil that we agree in the main with the ; propositions set forth by you, and sug : gest that you address the communication ! to the Republican members of the Gcn i cral Assembly, and procure its publica '. tion in the principal papers of the State. ' We fully agree with yon that the ncccs I sity is urgent, and that the Republican i Legislature of the State should institute such measures of reform as will secure ' the greatest good to the people. Respectfully, \V. B. Nash, James M. Smith, Henry J. Maxwell, IV. H. Jones, e. M. Rraytox, i J. H. White, J. holuncsheai), L. L. Guffix, A. W. Curtis, Wm. Simons. j Messrs. S. A. Swails and M. J. Hirsch ! have replied favorably to the suggestions I in a separate letter, which will be pub | lislied on Tuesday. ! A CLEAN SWEEP IX MISSISSIPPI. j How it was Accomplished?The Way to Win?Magical Effect upon the Value ! of Property. (\im*pon<itiietn( ihr Cincinnati Comm'rcial. JACKSON, Miss., November 3. As the election returns come, the mag , nitilde of the white line victory becomes j apparent. At this writing it is a ques tion whether the Republicans have ; carried a single county in the State.? The official returns will doubtless give ! them a few counties, but they had as j well have retired from the contest a I month before the election, so far as sub ! stautial fruits from their campaigning is concerned. I had not been in the State J twenty-four hours until I saw how it was I going. In the first letter I wrote two j weeks ago I predicted a victory for the , whites, and reiterated it nearly every let j tor since. Ik-fore the impetuous determ? ination of the whites to carry the elec? tion at every hazard, I knew that the thirty thousand Republican majority would amount to nothing. The whites I carried the Legislature by a majority of j not less than thirty on joint ballot, and have elected five out of the six Congress I men, to say nothing of the clean sweep in county officers and the election of their candidate for State treasurer. The last Congressional delegation stood five Republicans to one Democrat. The del? egation now stands five Democrats to one Republican, and even this solitary Re? publican is not to a certainty elected. The official returns may leave him out. The Legislature had a Republican ma? jority of about twenty on joint ballot. The Democrats have reversed it and a little more, so that it will be reliably Democratic on joint ballot by thirty ma? jority. It is a clean sweep, a perfect revolution. But the so-called revolution is perfectly understood here. It was the result of the frenzied determination of the whites to carry the election by every hazard, and they carried it. Their pro? gramme did not contemplate ballot-box stuffing, or anything like that; but sim? ply to operate on the minds of the negroes?convince them that the proper? ty-liolders were in rebellion against negro rule, and would stand it no longer, unless that rule was set up again by Fed? eral bayonets. The negroes, no longer supported by the Federal power, as they conceived, gracefully accepted the inevi? table, and in large numbers, cither voted the white ticket, or refrained from voting. the legislature. From what I know of the candidates nominated by the whites, I have not the least doubt but what the incoming Leg? islature will be the best one that has as? sembled in Mississippi since the war. The whites really made an honest effort to bring out their best men, discarding in many instances the old line of politi? cians, and putting forward men of capacity, worth, intelligence and property. Really,* there was no comparison between the nominees of the two parties. The Republicans did not show a capacity to improve by past experiences. Indeed, it was nut expected that they could, for a stream can not rise above its source. An incompetent class of voters will invaria? bly select an incompetent class of legisla? tors. That has been demonstrated times without number. In the District of Co? lumbia, under the very nose of the gov? ernment, the negroes elected such a worthless lot to office, ami kept at it so pcrsistcnly, that the tax-payers could find relief only in the abolishment of the District Government as then constituted, and a change in its form. Yet the col? ored people in the District arc far more intelligent and capable than their class in Mississippi. Here we have the densest of dense ignorance. To suppose that the property-holders would rest quietly under diis sort of thing year after year, was to suppose that they had less of human nature than we find in other parts of the world. I am not ap? proving of th:ir milliner of getting rid of negro rule, as they call it. I am merely suggesting that we make allowances for human nature. There were a few good men among tue Republican nominees for the Legislature, but the most of them were a sorry lot, made up of plantation negroes, barbers imported from the North, white carpet? baggers without a dollar's interest in the State, and natives who become Republi? cans one day and candidates for office the next It was such a slate of candi? dates as would be repudiated in Ohio by five hundred and seventy-five thousand majority, provided the vote was as full as at your last election. Understand me. there were some good men among them, but the most were a sorry lot. Had the Republican party, so-called, carried the State, the Legisla? ture would not have been an improve? ment on the last one, and which was a very inferior body of law-makers. A well balanced man could not go among them without a vague feeling that some? thing was wrong, that such men were not calculated for law-makers. A full-blood? ed negro is not an exceedingly intellect? ual person at best, and when his natural stupidity is heightened by a want of all knowledge except what lie has learned between cotton rows, when in fact he can not read a sentence in the language or sign his name, the question arises in the impartial mind, how can this man be a success as a law-maker? The incoming Legislature will contain comparatively few negroes, not above thirty in number, and the body will be slrkingly superior to anything Mississippi has had in tho way of law-makers since the war. Rut wisdom does not always accompany in? telligence. Whether the new Legisla? ture is wise or not, we shall know more in six months from to-day. They can do much good or much harm. Any attempt to curtail the rights of f11 ? ? colored peo? ple will he looked upon with suspicion. An attempt to rc-cnact the Ifiack Code ofJSGT, .or anything like it, would be fatal to the interests of Mississippi. < hi thr contrary, should the Legislature take a wise, moderate and conciliatory course, the verdict of the world will be in their favor. Of one thing you may he certain ?they will, immediately upon assem? bling, cut down expenses and taxation, right and left. They will inaugurate gen- j rral reform, which is sadly needed. The Slate Government has been carried on at an expense of at kasl forty per cent, more than it needed to have been, :iml this extravagance will be checked. THE PRINTING SWINDLE. The new Legislature will put a stop to this, and not an hour too soon. By means of "official advertising" and "printing of the laws," the tax-payers have been unmercifully swindled. In? deed, wc have positive assurances that the new Legislature will inaugurate re? form in every department of the govern? ment. If they, do this thoroughly and without favor or affection, we shall have another instance of the truth of the oft repeated proposition, that a State is liest governed by those who own it. THE XKW SENATOR. Already speculation is rife as to who shall be Alcorn's successor. Assuredly it will not he Alcorn himself. He is about played out in the-estimation of both parties, and after the expiration of his present term in the Senate, will have an opportunity to give his undivided at- j tcntion to the growing of cotton on his j magnificent plantations in Coahoma. Alcorn is rich. Before the war he owned nearly a thousand negroes, and still has a very large landed possession. Al? though a valiant Southerner during the war?and his interests in the South were such that wc arc not surprised at this? he took the Republican chute after the struggle, and was elected Governor by the colored people. Then he went to the Senate, his term expiring one year from next March. He and Ames arc enemies. Taking advantage of this, the Democrats run Alcorn as a sort of an in? dependent candidate for Governor against Ames two years ago, hoping thus to catch the colored vote, but the device was a miserable failure, Ames being elected by twenty thousand majority. Just now Lamar is the favorite for Sena? tor?L. Q. C. Lamar. He was chosen to Congress from his district yesterday with? out opposition, and is to-day perhaps the foremost man in Mississippi. The new Senator, whoever he may he, will be elected in January. TEMPER OK THE WHITES. The whites are in jolly temper. You will not soon again hear of "race con? flicts" in Mississippi. The whites, hav? ing now everything their own way, will lay aside their horse-pistols and Win? chester rifles, aud return to the flowery paths of peace. I could sec this even be? fore the polls were closed. As dispatch after dispatch came in from different voting places, showing that large num? bers of colored people were voting the Democratic ticket, the prospects of blood? shed diminished. In the morning there were the gravest apprehensions of a riot. At noon this apprehension had nearly worn away, and by o o'clock quite so. I could feel a change in the very air. I can not convey to you the intense gratifi? cation of the white people at the result. This jollification exceeds the descriptive power of language. One white man, meeting an acq* ?lintance, grasps his hand and says abc this: "Glory! don't we feel good thou h? Now no more riots and lighting; thank God, wc will have peace. Business will revive; con? fidence is restored. I feel now that my property is worth something." All have something to say about the advance in the price of property. Every man thinks he is worth at least twenty-five per cent, more than before the election. So many said to me last week: "Why, if the Rad? icals carry this election I can't sell my plantation for a dollar and a half an acre." Now they don't want to sell. LIBERAL CONTRIBUTIONS. The liberality with which the proper? ty-holders have come down with the cash to aid in carrying this election ex? ceeds anything I ever knew in a State campaign. Every man seemed to take the personal interest in it that he would if it was his private affair. One man in this city planked down a check for S2, ?i'O to begin with, and nearly doubled the amount before the close of the polls. Yet he is no politician, nev? er run for*an office, and cares little for politics in the general way. But he is a large property-holder; taxation was eat? ing up his profits, and a change became a positive necessity. In six years, in Mississippi, taxation has increased 500 per cent., and property has depreciated 200 per cent.; therefore the rebellion of property and the resolution to carry the election at all hazards. Thousand-dollar contributions from the planters and tax? payers to accomplish this result were fre? quent. One old man, in the southern part of the State, sold his cotton crop, and remitted a check for one-half the proceeds, to be used in the "rescue" of the State. The aggregate county con? tribution?, were very large?that is, con? tributions to be expended in the counties. The word usually accompanying the gifts ran about this way: "Take this, use it as you please, but carry the elec? tion." That was the kcy-notc?Carry the election. If votes had to be bought out? right, why, buy them. The total amount given for campaign expenses in this cam? paign would aggregate an immense sum. On the other hand, the Republicans had no funds except the contributions from the office-holders. The great party at large?that is, in the North?did not come to their aid to the extent of a dol? lar, regarding it, perhaps, as a hopeless case from the first. The rank and file of the party in this State having nothing to give, so the expenses of the campaign had all to be borne by the State office? holders. I really believe the Democrats had one hundred dollars at their com? mand where the Republicans had five. NEXT. Now that the election is over let us hope that the people, white and black, will give their attention to the saving of the magnificent cotton crop which whi? tens the landscape. Not half the cotton is nicked. The people have run wild with polities, letting their cotton look? out for itself. This has not been univer? sally true, for some old planters, in a fit of desperation, got out their old shot? guns and swore they would kill the first cotton picker, white or black, who at? tempted to leave his work logo to a po itical meeting of any description. The crop is very fine, much larger, perhaps, than can be gathered. There is a great, unceasing demand for laborers. Pickers are paid one dollar per hundred for picking, and a steady hand can make from a dollar and a half to three dollars a day. Everybody can get work that wants it?that is, if he has a mind to go into the field and pick cotton. I have not seen a tramp or a beggar in Missis? sippi. Put that down to the credit of the State against a good deal on the other side of the page. II. V. R. ? In 1870 the German women decided that thereafter they would never use | chignons and other French modes and j j fashions. The decision was maintained I during the war, but that once over, ami the fashions' mil! again started, the Ger? man fair sex couldn't withstand the pres? sure, and again applied in the proper quarter for bonnets and dresses. The male purists of Germany are quite beside themselves over this feminine fickleness. ? Kmerson, in a late poem, speaks of ! "brave men who work while others sleep;" I { but young men who work at billiards and seve?-up unlil after midnight uccdu'l ? think that they are the "braves" fo whom ? j ho alludes, Usurious Interest?Decision of the United States Supreme Court. The recent decision of the Supreme Court of the United States, in the case of I the Farmers' and Mechanics' National Bank of Buffalo, N. Y., against Peter C. Dearing, makes State Usury laws a dead letter, so far as they nullify the contract and forfeit the debt where a National Bank charges what, under the State laws, is usurious interest. The Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank discounted the note of Dearing for $2,000, it being agreed that the rate of interest should be ten per cent, per annum. By the State law the legal rate of interest is seven per cent. Dearing failed to pay the note at maturity. The Bank there? upon sued him in tbe Superior Court.? Dearing answered that the agreement touching the discount wad usurious, cor? rupt and illegal; that it avoided the note, and that he was in no wise liable to the plaintiff. The Court sustained this defence, and the decision was ap? proved by the higher Courts of the State. The Bank appealed. The Supreme Court of the United States say that the provisions of the 3d Section of the Na? tional Bank Act of June 3, 1864, to be considered are as follows: First. The rate of interest chargeable by each bank is to be that allowed by the law of the State or Territory where the bank is situated. Second. When, by the lows of the State or Territory, a different rate is limited for banks of issue organized under the local laws, the rate so limited is allowed for the national banks. Third. Where no rate of interest is fixed by the laws of the State or Territo? ry, the national banks may charge at a rate not exceeding seven per cent, per annum. Fourth. Such interest may be reserved or taken in advance. Fifth. Knowingly reserving, receiving, or charging "a rate of interest greater than f.forcsaid shall be held and ajudged a forfeiture of the interest which the note, bill, or other evidence of debt carries with it, or which has been agreed to be paid thereon." Sixth. If a greater rate has been paid, twice the amount so paid may be recov? ered back; provided suit be brought within two years from the tiinc the usu? rious transaction occurred. Secattk. The purchase, discount, or sale of a bill of exchange, payable at an? other place, at not more than the current rate of exchange on sight drafts, in addi? tion to the interest, shall not be consider? ed as taking or rcserviug a greater rate of interest than that permitted. It was contended by Dearing that the phrase "a rate of interest greater than aforesaid," as it stands in the context, has reference only to the third clause of the third section ot the Bankrupt Act, which relates to the banks where no rate of interest is fixed by law, and that hence it leaves the consccpiences of usury, where such rate is fixed, to be governed wholly by the local law upon the subject. This, in the State of New York, would in all such cases render the contract a nullity and forfeit the debt. Such the Court of Appeals held to be the law of this case, and adjudged accordingly.? But the Supreme Court say that this view cannot be maintained, and that the phrase it. applicable to both the first and third clauses. The second proposition? that the State law, with its penalties, would apply if the first proposition be sound?is equally untenable. "The Na? tional Banks organized under the act arc instruments designed to be used to aid the Government in the administration of an important branch of the public ser? vice. They are means appropriate to that end. Of the degree of necessity which existed for creating them Congress is the sole judge. Bciug such means, brought into existence for this purpose, and intended to be so employed, the States can exercise no control over them, nor in any wise airect their operation, except in so far as Congress may see proper to permit." The Supreme Court in conclusion say: "In any view that can be taken of the thirtieth section the power to supple? ment it by State legislation is conferred neither expressly nor by implication.? There was reason why the rate of in? terest should be governed by the law of the State where the bank is situated, but there is none why usury should be visited with the forfeiture of the entire debt in one State, and with no penal consequence whatever in another. This we think, would be unreasonable and contrary to the manifest intent of Congress. Where a statute prescribes a rate of interest, and simply forbids the taking of more, and more is contracted for, the contract is good for what might be lawfully taken, and void only as to excess. Forfeitures are not favored in the law. Courts always incline against them. When either of two constructions can be given to a stat? ute, and one of them involves a forfeiture, the other is to be preferred. The plain? tiff below was entitled to recover the principal of the note sued upon, less the amount of the interest unlawfully re? served. Whether he was entitled to re? cover interest upon the amount of the principal so reduced, after the maturity of the note, is a point which has not been argued, and upon which we express no opinion." The forfeiture of the principal of the debt, where usurious interest is charged, is the chief penalty relied upon by the States to prevent the charging of a high? er rate than the legal rate of interest, and this forfeiture, under the decision wc have noticed, is illegal and cannot he enforced. This, wc presume, will practi? cally end the futile efforts of the States to regulate the price of money.?Xnr* und Courier. Nor A Fit.\ 11> of rn k Devil.?A col? ored man named Nelson is owing a butcher on Deaubion street, five or six dollars, and after trying in vain to collect the nioney the butcher and a friend put their heads together the other night and laid a plan. About midnight they called at Nelson's house, and he was awakened by a rap on the window. "Who's dar?" he called out. "The Devil!" solemnly replied the butcher. "You is, hey ?" "Yes. I want voll!" "What fin"?"' "You refuse to pay your butcher, and I am sent to take von to the bottomless pit!" "You is?" "I am! Crime forth at once!" "Ize comin'!" replied the negro as he jumped out of bed ; "I can't pay dat six dollars half easy in any odder way, an' de old woman is so mighty cross Ize glad to get away from home." The butcher and his friend didn't wait for Mr. Nelson to come out.?Detrvii Free J're**. ? lion. Cassius M. Clay, still hale] and hearty, made live vigorous speeches] in the Mississippi canvass. In one place he so thoroughly exposed a carpet-bag? ger who had ji.st delivered a speech, that the people seized him and would have thrown him into tbe Mississippi river had nut Clay personally interceded in the man's behalf. The Fence Lair. A correspondent of the Sumter True Southron presents the following strong argument for :i change of the existing law relating to fences. We arc glad to sec that the subject is receiving general attention and feel assured that proper discussion cannot fail to establish the impolicy of the existing law. When a large stock raising State like Texas is able to keep its stock from depredating upon the crop of the farmer, it is time for South Carolina, where the cost of fencing equals the whole value of its stock, to do something in the same direc? tion. Head the following: "Under the present Statutes, no one can lawfully worry or otherwise injure stock found in his field ; buf if his held is enclosed by a lawful fence, he can re? cover damages for the injury done to his crop by such stock. The Statutes in question were intended to afford, and whenever enforced do afford, equal pro? tection to stock owner and farmer, but unfortunately give satisfaction to neith? er. The farmer complains that the stock owners turn out their stocky to range where they please; the stock owners complain that the farmers fail to protect their crops by proper fencing, and that many of them boast that they make their guns their fence; one poor man complains that the cow bought with his hardly saved earnings, has been killed, because found in his neighbor's field; another poor man complains that the crop he has toiled so hard to raise, is be? ing destroyed by his neighbor's cattle. The misfortunes of either party create strong sympathy and an earnest desire to find a remedy, if one can be found. Experience proves that the desired rem? edy can never conic through the parties themselves, and can only be affected by judicious legislation. If in reply to the stock owner's complaints, you ask why he does not keen his cattle out of his neighbor's field, Iiis answer is, that the law makes it the farmer's business to keep them out by proper fencing. If you answer the farmer's complaint by asking why he does not fence his crop as the law directs ??If he is a renter, his reply is, that he can't pay a high rent and keep up fences; also, if he is a land-owner, his reply is, that with low prices for produce, nigh taxes, and pre? carious collections from tenants, he can't afford any better fencing than he has. if then as it appears, the parties most directly concerned, cannot settle this vexed question for themselves, and it becomes the duty of the Legislature to arbitrate, as it were, between them, the inquiry naturally suggest itself, what must the Legislature do in the premises? It has been proposed, and the proposi? tion has met with considerable favor, to repeal existing Statutes, and enact what is commonly called "a no fence law," and it would seem to be the best remedy for the evils complained of that can be de? vised, and if properly understood, would perhaps meet with but slight opposi? tion. "During a resilience of seven years in one of the largest stock raising States of the Union, (Texas.) the writer heard few? er complaints about stock depredations, than he now hears almost daily, not merely, as some might suppose, because the excellent prarie pasturage of Texas satisfies the wants of the stock, but be? cause, as a general rule, Texas stock when not in an enclosed pasture, arc in the charge of herdsmen or stock-minders. It seems a hardship, and is a hardship, to a South Carolina planter that a crop can be raised in safety in a state teeming with cattle, and yet here where the amount of stock is extremely limited, no field can be safe from their encroach? ments, unless the owner or tenant goes to an expense he can ill aftbrd in these hard times, and besides, he can never calculate with certainty, when his field will be safe, even should he build high, strong fences. lie knows that they will be constantly needing repair, and the necessity of such repair, involves addi? tional expense, loss of time and trouble. "In the rural neighborhoods of our State, almost every man is a farmer? comparatively few arc stock-owners? consequently the number of those who sutler from the depredations of stock, is far greater than the number whose stock arc injured. This, however, would be no argument against the rights of the stock-owner, nor is it proposed to interfere in the slightest degree with his rights. The measure proposed is for his protection as well as for the farmer, and would, in the end, prove advanta? geous to him in many ways. It is pro? posed to fence the Hock, and leave the fencing of crops optional. A poor man who owns but the one cow and calf, may say that he cannot afford to fence in a pasture field. True; but a number of such poor men might easily combine together and do so ; or some one man in every neighborhood could be found to go into the stock-keeping business, enclose a large pasture, and for so much per head, keen all his neighbors stock for them. Whoever refleet? upon the great and irreparable injury his stock can do, must be extremely selfish, if he be? grudges the slight expense that would prevent such injury." The Penalty of Catching Cold.? We venture to question the necessity of the greater part of the illness that arises from colds. Why should people have colds at all? Unlike many other diseases, it is well understood how they arise; all the conditions and causes that pro? duce colds arc continually pointed out by physicians; they arc easily measured and recognized, and can as easily be guarded against. All that is required is due forethought and caution?forethought and caution that extend to the condition of the atmosphere in the house, the kind of heat used for warming the rooms, the prevalence of draughts, the clothing worn at home and abroad, the precau? tions against sudden changes of weather, the maintenance of warm and dry feet, the protection of the lungs and other delicate or susceptible parts of the body ; all of which are controllable things with every one possessing the ordinary facul? ties, and endowed with the average share of good sense. If it were a penal offense to take cold ; if a cough arising from thoughtless ex? posure were punished by a week's impris? onment ; if getting sick because of mere incapacity to measure conditions and ar? range precautions were always followed by a legal penalty and a loss of respect? ability?catching cold would soon be among the "lost arts." There is no use ol having judgment if we do not exer? cise it; no use of brains if we do not employ forcthoilgh in so simple a thing as this. In nine colds out of ten the vic? tim has been too stupid to take advan? tage of former experience, too torpid to understand the nature or necessity of preventive measures, and too dull to de? tect the palpable circumstances out of which the cold has come. A child learns not to fall down stairs after two or three experiences id' the kind ; not to burn his fingers in the grate after once-testing the qualities of hot coals and hot iron; but adults go on getting colds from causes that repeat former blunders with a per? versity that is simply amazing.?Apple /on'* Journal. LEGAL A?t'ERTI.S/XG.?W,: are conipelleljo require ca>h payment* for advertising nmeml h? Executory, AuniiniMraitir? ami oilier fiduciaries, ami herewith a|?)ri-ii<l Ihn rate? f-ir Iii.- orHinurr ?!??(i?-i-s, which will "iily Im- iiiaerted when ihr luniiey comes wild til.- niuor: rilatimis, tv/ii iIIS.Tl i.>llr--, .... ?:{.|H| fetale Niitkiv, three insertions, - - -.vn) Kittal Settlement*, lire insertions. - - :im TU WtUtEXJ'OyiJEXTS.?In order t.. reeeiv?. Hiten?uBi euMiwunicaiiuiM w?*i i?- aromiitanled liy the Inte name and aiMre? ut ih? writer. l'u? jected malittseriplx will not \m returned, utile? iliu iiccc&ury slump* arc furnished tu repay the postage ihcreon. Jt'?- We an? tmt rr-p.IM? for the riewsantl opinions ui" nur correspondent*. All communications >lmiild lie aJdreswcd to "Kd. iinrs Iiiii-lliv'i'tii-.'r," and all check*, draft*, money orders, Ar., should !?? made pavable totheordef uf JIOYT A CO., Anderson, S. ('. Soul Ii Carolina and Mississippi. The Washington Capital says that Mississippi is to bo congratulated, for she is once more a free State. Whatever sorrow or jov the various results of the recent elections may carry to cliques and parties, the final emancipation ot Missis? sippi from the rule of the carpet-bagger may be regarded as a national blessing. To Mr Lamar more than any other man the country is indebted for the rehabilita? tion of this State. With the Constitu? tion in one hand and the olive branch in the other he has met the Radicals of the South and the Radicals of the North; he has by precept and example taught his own people the lesson of patience and long sufTering; he has labored earnestly, conscientiously and successful? ly to restrain the fiery natures of his con? stituents, and has kept them from deeds of violence under the most prcvoking treatment, whose occasional commission Tias heretofore given their enemies some colorable grounds for the assertion that Mississippi is the least law-abiding State in the country. The white men of Mis? sissippi declined to enter into combina? tions with cither the carpet-bagger or the negro politician. They bided their time and endured wrongs tit the hands of their former slaves and men who came from the North with no other aim than to fatten upon their substance, oppress them and malign them. At hist the negro himself arose to some appreciation of the situation ; the more intelligent cast their political lot with those white men whose interest were identical with their own, and another year will sec this great State striding on to prosperity. The. ease of Mississippi is the case of South Carolina. South Carolinians have the same motive for throwing off the yoke of the spoiler, and the Lord of Hosts will give them a leader. There arc men in South Carolina just as able and just as patriotic as Mr. Lamar, and they must come to the front in the next cam? paign. South Carolina. "Mississippi has risen in the strength of despair and hurled from her throat the obscene crew of ruffians and thieves who for years had grown rich and pow? erful on her misery. As in Alabama, the negro vote has been detached from the Republican party, or divided, while the carpet-baggers have been abandoned to their fate \ry the President. This in? volves the redemption of Louisiana and insures the whole vote of the South in 187<! for the Democratic nominees, with the exception, probablv of South Caro? lina." The above extract is taken from an editorial article in the New York World of a recent date, reviewing the results of the November elections. The North ex? pects every Southern State to be in the hands of the Democracy next year with one exception?South Carolina. Wc be? lieve that with the adoption of a proper policy South Carolina will be redeemed from Radical rule in 1876 just as Georgia was redeemed in 1871, just as Alabama was redeemed in 1874, just as Mississippi was redeemed in 187?. South Carolina must rise "in the strength of her despair and hurl from her throat the obscene crew of ruffians and thieves who for vears have grown rich and powerful on her misery." The case of Mississippi is the case of South Carolina ; the disease of one State is the disease of the other; the same remedy must be employed; and the same cure can he effected. South Carolina will never have a better oppor? tunity to obtain her freedom than will be presented in the next campaign. She must arise then or be forever fallen. Let no entangling alliances be made with Radicals or Radicalism. Let no disas? trous compromises be made. Let the Canscrvatives of the State make a square fight against corruption and corruption ists, and they will conquer in Carolina just as their brethren have conquered in Mississippi. There must be and there will he a solid Democratic South in 187G. ?Aiif/ns/a Chronicle mid Sentinel. Circumstances Alter Cases.?The other day, while a Vicksburgcr was riding toward Jackson in his buggy, he saw a long haired young man sitting on a roadside fence. There was such an air of utter desolation about the countryman that the Vicksbttrger drew rein and in? quired : "For God's sake! what ails you, young man ?" "Nothing, for God's sake!" was the meek reply. "But is "any one dead?" "Hain't heard of anybody but old Matthews, and he went off two months ago." "Are you sick?" "I feel kinder bad." "Well, you look bad. In fact, you arc the worst-looking young man I've seen since the close of the war." "It was all right till a month ago," said the young man, still more sol? emn. "What happened then ?" "Woman went back on me!" "Did, eh ? Were you engaged ?" "I'd hung around there for a year or so, and we'd hugged, and loved, and hooked fingers. If that isn't being en? gaged, then I don't know." "And she backed out?" "Yes." "Well, I've been through the mill my? self. I had a woman go back on me in that way three months ago, and didn't lose a bit of sleep over it." "You didn't?'' "No, sir.'r "But, then," sighed the young man, as he hitched along on the rail, "the woman you loved didn't own sixteen mules, and have a clear hundred bales of cotton to sell."? VkUtmg Herald. ? Postmaster-General Jewel is a hu? morist as well as an unusually 410?I0 of? ficial. He wrote as follows, recently, to a woman who had applied for a situation in the dead letter office: "We have only fifty seven ladies employed in this de? partment, with the exception of a few translators and experts, and not more than two changes have occurred in that force for the last six months. None of them over marry, or die, or resign. In fact, the dead lo'tter division is a sort of mausoleum of buried affections?a place not governed by natural laws?for those who enter its charmed portals seem to lose till the motives and hopes and aspira? tions which sway and govern the denizens of the outside world. I regret that it is so but so it is." ? Corn cobs are extensively used in Europe for fire-lighters. They arc first steeped in hot water containing two per cent, of saltpeter, and after being dried at a high temperature, arc saturated with fifty per cent, of resinous matter. These lighters, which are sold tit from three to four dollars the thousand, arc employed with advantage and economy in private houses and for lighting furnaces. ? The Athens (Ga.) Watchman agrees with Gen. Gordon in deprecating the agitation of the currency question, and says that if we throw the enemy on the defensive, by denouncing and exposing their corruptions, a certain victory will follow.