Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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HOYT & CO., Proprietors. ANDERSON 0. H., S. C, THURSDAY MORNING, JULY 1, 1875. VOLUME X.?NO. 50. For the Anderson Intelligencer. Hard Times and How to Mend Them?A Hint for Drones. Pendleton, S. G, Jane 22, 1875. Editor Intelligencer : By request, here? with I send you an article clipped from that excellent and very popular paper, the Daily Constitutionalist, of Augusta, Ga., under the head of "Hard Times and How to Mend Them?A Hint for Drones," which your cor-1 respondent and othere would be pleased to have re-published in one of your spare col? umns, where it will be seen and appreciated by ?many that do but seldom if ever see and have the pleasure of reading the Constitutionalist. It is lamentably too true, looking to all clas? ses of society, that we have in the class of the rising generation of young men, too many drones. In our cities, towns and villages,"both of those who are pretending to make a living hj standing behind the counters of merchants to measure tape and ribbon, and more especial? ly loafers, hangers-on at grog-shops, gambling saloons. &c, &c. All of which would be, both for themselves and the country at large, better employed in the cotton field or farm. They have a good example set them by the two young men spoken of in the article presented, who, instead of scarcely earning decent cloth? ing by clerking, are looking forward to the income of thirty-five bales of cotton as a re? ward for their change of occupation and perse? vering industry the present season. Go, young men, and do likewise, or perish. (We are pleased to know several young men in our own vicinity have taken the hint, before our pres? ent advice, but not before verbal advice hereto? fore given.) You have no slaves to work for. you now, as your fathers had before you; they have been unlawfully, unjustly taken from *u8 as would be answered by the whole creation of honest and honorable men, and by the Great ?God himself; and without compensation, but to the reverse additional burthens. Therefore, put your own hands to the plow, persevere and look not behind, and you will prosper in spite of all opposition and oppression. If you are able to hire our very unreliable class of labor? ers?the freedmen that are left among us?do so, provided you think you can profitably use them, but nine cases out of ten you will be disappointed. The following is the article re? ferred to: S. "We read that a ygung man, recently a clerk in New Orleans, is now making a crop of cot? ton, largely by his own individual exertions, in the Parish of Concordin, La. He has a partner, also an ex-clerk presumably, and they expect to gather 35 bales this season. Writ? ing to a fnend in the Crescent City, this indus? trious-youth saysj "I wish I had a lot of corner loafers up here for a week or so. I think I could employ them very profitably for about ten hours daily cutting out cotton." His dress at present, says the New Orleans Times, con? sists of a black felt hat, hickory shirt, jeans pants, and yellow russets. Mounted on his Day mule, wending his way to the field, thus appareled, he thinks his old friends would not " be able to recognize him. When we consider how many thousands of robust young men are this day idlers; and when tnere is so much land to be had for a mere song or the asking, the mind turns with - admiration to the intrepid Louisiana youth and-with something like disgust to the drones in the hive. It may be that, at the first glance, the friends of the ex-clerk might not recognize him in his working apparel; but when the identification came, how must the noble-min? ded among men and women admire the coarse garments of the trne larborer more than the purple and fine linen of the idler. Last year, we gave some signal examples of what white boys, some of them at school during five days of the week, could do for themselves in the way of planting. We should be pleased to hear, this season, of other experiments of that character, for the purpose of giving public honor to the deserving, and, if possible, to shame those who are making no effort to help - themselves or anybody else. The idler, unless he lias money of his own or is encouraged in sloth by his indulgent parents, must prey upon society, and thus become a deadly and mortal nuisance to those who live laborious lives. In the city and country, the chances are that men who do nothing creditable in the way of self sustenance inevitably fall into bad habits, and are a curse to themselves and everybody else. The burden of the person who strives for a support is made all the more grievous by the multiplicity of individuals who are known as loafers in the city, and have been described, in country villages, as amusing themselves by "spitting tobacco juice at a mark," and bask? ing like flies on the counters and steps of gro? cery stores, which are too often dramshops, purveying a quality of liquor that would con? sume the bowels of a brazen image, and really ?does provoke fatal altercations. It would be a ?.grand thing for the South if her non-producing adlers coula get or be forced into useful employ? ment Many young gentlemen, tenderly reared and highly cultivated, have demonstrated the practicability of becoming independent by manual labor. How many are there, devoid of mental cul? ture, but full of brawn and muscle, now lead? ing an inglorious and sluggish existence in the State of Georgia ? How many are there, too Sroud to work or too lazy to find something to o, who are yet not too proud to consume the scant substance of their toiling parents, and cot too lazy to tramp ten miles to a fish-fry or <a barbecue ? We would be glad indeed to have our friends send us for publication examples of persons who have not been ashamed to strive for a sup? port in any occupation. Such men, boys or women deserve to oe known for their honora? ble deeds ; and if anything can make a busy iee out of a drone, in the city or country, it will be the true story of those who scorn to Joaf and have earned the right, by honest labor, to be the genuine lords and ladies of the crea? tion. The Independent Press.?In a recent1 speech Attorney-General Love, of California, said: "In the present exigencies of our coun? try I know of no engine of reform which can be compared to the independent press. The remedy for our wrongs is in the hands of tho people. The task of educating tho masses up to a realization of the situation has been un? dertaken by independent journalists. I do uot doubt or fear for the result. The end may be slow to come, but come it surely will, and in triumph. Independent journalism is in its iu lancy in this country." \ The Closing Scene. In his reminiscences of Gen. R. E. Lee, Rev. J. W. Jones publishes, we believe, for the first time, the following letter: Near Appomattox C. H., Va., 1 April 12, 1865. j His Excellency Jefferson Davis: Me. President : It is with pain that I an? nounce to your Excellency the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia. The opera? tions which preceded this result will be repor? ted in full. I will therefore only now state that upon arriving at Amelia Court House on the morning of the 4th, with the advance of the army, on the retreat from the Hues in front of Richmond aud Petersburg, and not finding the supplies ordered to be placed there, nearly twenty-four hours were lost in endeavoring to collect in the country subsistence for men and horses. This delay was fatal, and could not be retrieved. The troops, wearied by continued fighting and marching for several days and nights obtained neither rest nor refreshments, and on moving on the 5th, on the Richmond and Danville railroad, I found at Jetersville | the enemy's cavalry, and learned the approach of his infantry and the general advance of his army toward Burkeville. This deprived us of the nse of the railroad, and rendered it im? practicable to procure from Danville the sup? plies ordered to meet us at points of our march. Nothing could be obtained from the adjacent country. Our route to the Roanoke was there? fore changed, and the march directed upon Farmville, where supplies were ordered from Lynchburg. The change of route threw the troops over the roads pursued by the artillery i and wagon trains west of the railroad, which impeded our advance and embarrassed our movements. On the morning of the 6th, Gen. Longstreet's corps reached Rice's Station on the Lynchbnrg Railroad. It was followed by the commands of Gen. R. H. Anderson, Ewell and Gordon, with orders to close upon it as fast as the progress of the trains would permit, or as they could be directed, on roads further west. Gen. Anderson, commanding Pickett's and B. R. Johnson'3 divisions, became discon? nected with Mahone's division forming the rear of Longstreet. The enemy's cavalry penetra? ted the line of march through the intervals thus left, and attacked the wagon train moving toward Farmville. This caused serious delay in the march of the centre and rear of the column, and enabled the enemy to mass upon their flank. - After successive attacks, Ander? son's and Ewell's corps were captured or driven from their position. The latter general, with both of his division commanders, Kcrshaw and Custis Lee, and his brigadiers, were taken pris? oners. Gordon, who all the morning, aided by Gen. W. F. Lee's cavalry, had checked the ad? vance of the enemy on the road from Amelia Springs, and protected the trains, became ex f>osed to his combined assaults, which he brave y resisted and twice repulsed; but the cavalry having been withdrawn to another part of the line of march, and the enemy massing heavily on his frout and both flanks, renewed the attack about 6 p. m., and drove him from the field in much confusion. The army continued its march during the night, and every effort was made to re-organize the divisions which had been shattered by the day's operations; but, the men beiag depressed by fatigue and hung? er, many threw away their arms, while others followed the wagon trains and embarrassed their progress. On the morning of the 7th, rations were issued to the troops as they passed Farmville, but the safety of the trains requiring their removal upon the approach of the enemy, all could not be supplied. The army, reduced to two corps, under Longstreet and Gordon, moved steadily on the road to Appomattox Court House, thence its march was ordered by Campbell Court House, through PitUylvania towards Dauville. The roads "were wretched and the progress slow. By great eflbrts the head of the columns reached Appomattox Court House on the evening of the 8th, and the troops were halted for rest. The march was ordered to be resumed at oue a. m., on the 9th. Fitz Lee, with the cavalry, supported by Gordon, was ordered to drive the enemy from his front, wheel to the left and cover the pas? sage of the trains, which Longstreet, who, from Rice's Station, had formed the rear guard, should close up and hold the position. Two battalions of artillery and the ammunition wagons were directed to accompany the army ; the rest of the artillery and wagons to move towards Lynchburg. In the early part of the night the enemy attacked Walker's artillery train near Appomattox Station on the Lyuch burg railroad, and were repelled. Shortly af? terwards their cavalry dashed toward the Court House, till halted by our line. During the night there were indications of a large force massing on our left and front. Fitz Jlee was directed to ascertain its strength, and to sus? pend his advance till daylight if necessary. About 5 a. m., on the 9th, with Gordon on his left, he moved forward and opened the way. A heavy force of the enemy was discovered opposite Gordon's right, which, mdv'ng in the direction of Appomattox Court House, drove back the left of the cavalrj; and threatened to cut off Gordon from Longstreet, his cavalry at the same time threatening to envelop his left flank. Gordon withdrew across the Appomat? tox, and the cavalry advanced on the Lynch burg road and became separated from the army. Learning the condition of affairs on the lines where 1- had gone, under the expectation of meeting Gen. Grant, to learn definitely the terms he proposed in a communication received from him on the 8th, in the event of the sur? render of the armv, I requested a suspension of hostilities until these terms could be ar? ranged. In the interview which occurred with General Grant, in compliance with my request, terms having been agreed on, I surrendered that portiou of the Army of Northern Virginia which was on the field, with its arms, artillery and wagon trains, the officers and men to be paroled retaining their side arms and private effects. I deemed this course the best under all the circumstances by which wc were sur? rounded. On the morning of the 9th, accord? ing to the reports of the ordnance oflicers, there were 7,892 organized infantry with arms, with an average of 75 rounds of ammunition per man. ^ The artillery, though reduced to 63 pie? ces, with 63 rounds of ammunition, was sufli cient. These comprised all the supplies of ordnauce that could be relied on in the State of Virginia. I have no accurate report of the cavalry, but believe it did not exceed 2,100 effective men. The enemy was more than five times our numbers. If we could have forced our way one day longer, it would havc*een at a great sacrifice of lifo and at its end I did not see how a surrender could have beeu avoided. We had no subsistence for man or horse, and it could not be gathered in the country. The supplies ordered to Pamplin's station from Lynchburg could not reach us, and the men, deprived of food and sleep for many days, were worn out and exhausted. With great respect, your obedient servant, R. E. LEE, General. ? Preserve us from unceremonious people? those men and women who never "staud on ceremony"?who are always perfectly at home in other people's iiou^cs ! Effects of Alcoholic Stimulants on the Hu? man System. At a meeting of the National Temperauce Society, in Chicago, Dr. Davis read a paper on the effects of alcohol on the human system? from which we copy. In asserting that alcohol reduces the temperature of the body, he runs counter to people's senses', and, though sus? tained by scientific experiment, will find it as difficult to convince the average American as Audubon did to make him believe that a buz? zard cannot smell: The following propositions may be stated as fully established scientific facts : First. The alcohol, when taken diluted in the form of fermented or distilled spirits, is rapidly absorbed without change, carried into the blood, and with that fluid brought in con? tact with every structure and part of the hu? man body. Second. That, while circulating in the blood, its presence retards those molecular or atomic chauges by which nutrition, disintegration and secretion are maintained, and the phenomena of life continued. Third. That its presence retards the elimi? nation of waste matter, impairs nerve-sensi? bility, lessens muscular excitability, and lowers the temperature of the body. Fourth. That a part, at least, of the amount taken, is finally eliminated, or thrown out of the system with the excretions, without having undergone any appreciable chemical change. These facts are as well established as any in the domain of physiology, or in the whole field of natural science. And they point with all the clearness and force of a mathematical de? monstration to the conclusion that alcohol is in no sense food, neither furnishing material for the tissues, nor fuel for combustion, nor yet generating either muscular or nervous force. Having thus determined, experimen? tally, that alcohol is neither food nor a genera? tor of force in the living body, the question recurs, "What are its positive effects when taken in the ordinary mauuer ? I answer, simply those of an esthetic and organic sedative. Like ether and chloroform, its presence di? minishes the sensibility of the nervous sys? tem and brain, thereby rendering the indi? vidual less conscious of all outward and exte? rior impressions. This diminution of sensi? bility, or anaesthesia, is developed in direct ratio to the quantity of alcohol taken, and may be seen in all stages from simple exemption from all feeling of fatigue, pain and idea of weight, exhibited by ease, buoyancy, hilarity, &c, to that of complete unconsciousness and loss of muscular power. It is this anaesthetic effect of alcohol that has led to all the popular errors and contradictory uses which have proved so destructive to human health and happiness. It has ever been one of the noted paradoxes of human action that the same in? dividual" would resort to the same alcoholic drink to warm him in winter, to protect him from the heat in summer, to strengthen when weak or weary, and to soothe and cheer when afflicted in body or mind. With the facts now before us, the explanation of all this is appa? rent. The alcohol does not relieve the indi? vidual from cold by increasing his tempera? ture ; nor from heat by cooling him ; nor from weakness and exhaustion by nourishing his tissues; nor yet from afiliction by increasing nerve power; but simply by diminishing the sensibility of his nerve structures, and thereby lessening his consciousness of impressions, whether from cold, or heat, or weariness, or pain. In other words, the presence of the alcohol has not in any degree lessened the effects of the evils to which he is exposed, but has diminished his consciousness of their ex? istence, and thereby impaired his judgment concerning the degree of their action upon him. It is this property of alcohol to produce that sense of eaae, buoyancy, and exhilaration, arising from a moderate diminution'o&nerve sensibility, that gives it the fascinating and dkmjsive power over the human race, which it has wielded so ruinously for centuries gone by. But while tho presence of alcohol diminishes the sensi? bility of the nervous structure, it also regards all the molecular changes, thereby diminishing theactivity of nutrition,secretion, elimination, and the evolution of heat, constituting a true organic sedative. When taken in small quanti? ties, repeated dailv, the individual usually slowly increases in weight, not from increased nutrition, hut from retarding the waste and re? taining the old atoms longer in the tissues. By some investigators this power to retard atomic changes, and consequently to retain the old atoms, has been regarded as equivalent to nutrition, or the actual assimilation and addi? tion of new atoni?. It is on this basis that Dr. Hammond and a few others persist in repre? senting alcohol as indirect food. The fallacy of such claim, and its mischievous tendency will bo fully apparent by reference to one of the plainest laws governing living animal matter. The law is, that all tho phenomena of animal lifo aro associated with and depen? dent on atomic changes, and that each indi? vidual cell or aggregation of bioplasm consti? tuting an organic atom, has its determinate {>eriod of growth, maturity and dissolution, lence, to introduce into the living system any agent that will retard atomic change, is equiv? alent to retarding the phenomena of life. And if by retarding the atomic changes, cells or atoms are retained in the tissues longer than the natural duration of their activity, such re? tention may increase tho bulk and weight, but in the same ratio it embarrasses the stimulus with the presence of material which is con? stantly becoming inert and tending to degen? eration. Consequently tho individual who thu? increases his bulk and weight by taking just enough of the weaker alcoholic drinks daily to retard the processes of secretion and waste, in tho same proportion diminishes his activity, his power of endurance, and his abili? ty to resist the effects of morbid agents of every kind. This is abundantly illustrated by tho thousands of beer and wine drinkers who, from twenty to twenty-five years of ago, were mus? cular, active, capable of any reasonable en? durance, with a weight of 100 pounds, but who, after moderately retarding atomic changes and retaining old atoms by the daily use of wine or beer, have acquired a weight of 200 pounds or more, aud have LOST THEIR MUSCULAR activity and endurance lo such an extent that an active exercise of twenty minutes would make them puff like a "heavy horse." It is this sedative effect of alcohol on the organic or molecular changes in the tissues, ? retaining waste and effete matter that ought to have been promptly disintegrated and thrown out, tvhich impairs the vital properties, and predisposes or pre? pares the system to yield to morbid influences of any kind to which it may be exposed. And especially does this sedative effect of alcohol on the organic changes, when maintained by a moderate and continued use of the article, favor these degenerative changes, which result, in tubercular, cascous?ind fatty deposits in the lungs, liver, kidneys, heart and arteries of the brain, and in materially shortening the duration of Ule. h js the same inLericreuce with the processes of nutrition and waste, ouly exerted more actively, that causes gastritis and delirium tremens in the excessive drinker ! of distilled spirits. If you ask for the special modus operandi of alcohol, how it produces the antithetic and sedative effect when taken into j the human system, I answer, chiefly by its j strong affinity for water and albumen. The two ' last named substances exist in the blood and j all the tissues of the body, and for them alco l hoi has a strong chemical affinity. Hence, I when it is present in the blood, it attracts the water from the blood corpuscles, causing them to become more or less corrugated, and in? clined to adhere to one another as described by Dr. Richardson, of London, and diminish? ing the capacity of the blood to absorb oxygen or other gases from the air in the lungs; and by its strong affinity for the albumen of the tissues it retards the play of vital affinity be? tween that substance and the other materials with which it is in contact, thereby retarding the molecular changes as already described. The paralyzing effect exerted on the vaso-motor as well as cerebro-spinal nervous structures by which sensibility is impaired, is owing part? ly to the direct anaesthetic properties of the alcohol and partly to the diminished inter? change of oxygen for carbonic acid gas in the process of respiration. That a part of the [ alcohol should be retained for a considerable length of time in the system by the affinities just mentioned is very probable. Hence the late Dr. Austin may have been correct in claiming that it was not all eliminated from the system within any limited period of time, and yet its retention would afford no proof I that it was either appropriated as food or for the generation of force. On the contrary, the catalyptic influence of its presence retards both. If wc scan the whole domain of physi? ology and pathology in connection with the logical deductions from the experimental re? searches by parties widely separated by time, space, nationality and language, we shall be forced to the conclusion that alcohol as found in any or all of the fermented and distilled drinks, is neither stimulating, strengthening nor nourishing to the human system, but sim? ply ancesthetic and sedative. Consequently it cannot be used in health without injurious effects proportioned to the quantity used and the frequency of ics repetition. Rules for Hiving Bees. Allow no one to stir or make the least noise while the bees are lighting. What i Not blow a horn, or ring a bell, or drum on a tin pan, or throw dust or water? Not do any? thing? Yes, ready; just exactly do nothing but keep still. Now, I have followed this rule in over eight hundred swarms I have hived for myself, and I tell you the broad fact, I have not lost a single swarm in all that number. Bees will not go two hundred feet from the hive they come out of if you let all be perfect? ly quiet and there is anything to light on. My bees not one out of a hundred swarms go over one hundred feet before they always light. So it will be with your bees, reader. So make it a rule to have no stirring, no noise, but all quiet until they arc well lighted. Then bring out the hive from the cool cellar?where it has been but a day or two, lest it get damp and moldy?neat and clean, and as you of course have the strips of boards or sticks, boards, hiving cloth, etc., ready, proceed to place your ladder and platform in the tree or on the ground, and other appliances, so that before the last bee has lit you are ready to hive them. Never put a swarm of bees directly into a hive. You ask why not? Because if you do the bees may not know it is a hive they are in, but only think they have had a slight accident or jar while yet on their lighting-limb or place. So they will leave the hive and go off to the woods, because they don't know they are hived. Hence, you will place the hive so that when shaken off the timb they lit on, they all have to creep buzzing into the hive and all go vol? untarily up on the inside of it. Then they all will not make the mistake of thinking they are not hived, but will know they have accept? ed a hive. You need not be very quiet or slow about making bees go into a hive. You minded the bees till they lit, now is the the time to change and make them mind you. So a gentle rude? ness in shaking them off the limo is as good as saying to them, '"Bees, you have left your lighting place." If they don't go in the hive readily take a dipper or flat piece of shingle or board, dip up a few, a pint or so, and shake them roughly close to the hive, as if to say, "There is the hive, why don't you see it ?" Then brush rapidly, but gently, the rest to? wards the hive. As soon-as the most of them arc iu, be ready to remove them to their permanent stand. Thus you avoid the coming out of a second swarm, and the lighting and commingling of the few bees always uneasy and flying about the swarm, and who doubtless are the ones that find and lead the swarms off to some hol? low tree or log in the woods. These bees are rarely over twenty or fifty in number?often not ten of them. Remember to shade the new hive from the sun until the hatched brood is iu the new comb.?Germantown TtlegrapK. The Burning of Columbia.?The Rich? mond Enquirer calls attention to the following statement respecting the fire which destroyed Coluiftbia, South Carolina, when Gen. Sher? man's army was in camp there on Feb. 17; 16()5: "Many of the people thought that this fire was deliberately planned and executed. This is not true. It was accidental, and in my judgment began with the cotton which Gen. Hampton's men had set fire to on leaving the city (whether by !>!>; order or not is not mate? rial), which fire was partially subdued early in the day by our men ; but when night came, the high wind fanned it again into full blaze, carried it against the frame houses, which caught like tinder, and soon spread abroad. * * * In my official report of this con? flagration I distinctly charged it to Gen. Wade Hampton, and confess I did so pointed? ly to shake the faith of his people in him, for he was in my opinion a braggart, and professed to be the special champion of South Carolina." Can this be a true extract from Sherman's book? Docs he moan to have the world un? derstand that he charged this conflagration up? on Wade Hampton when he knew that Hamp? ton was not in any manner or degree the au? thor of it? Docs (Jen. Sherman intend to con? fess that he is a liar of such magnitude? It is not possible to believe that such is hi?pur? pose. Reckless as he is in his avowals, he cannot mean to proclaim that he deliberately, wilfully, and purposely lied in this manner about Ccn. Hampton. But he should at once explain this extract, and show that at the time he put in circulation the charge which he now withdraws, he really believed it to bo true, and had some reason to* believe it.?N. Y. Sun. ? Don't advertise your business; it's pay? ing out money to accommodate other people; if they want "to buy your goods, let them hunt you up. Hope for South Carolina. [ While the people of Arkansas are regaining prosperity, now that they have ouce more ac? quired the right of self-government, and the citizens of Louisiana are looking to a speedy consummation of the same desirable end; while even Mississippi, despite the great preponder? ance of ignorant and purchasable voters, is hopeful, the planters and land-holders of South Carolina, who have nearly all the taxes to pay without having any voice in the public expen? ditures, are despondent in the extreme. Under negro and carpet-bag rule they have been so unmercifully and continuously" robbed that it seems to them that there is hardly any reason to hope for a better condition of affairs. We admit that there is much that is discour? aging in the situation, but at the same time it seems to us that the prospect for a deliverance of South Carolina from the rule of her plun? derers is far brighter now than it has been at any previous time since reconstruction. The enormity of the wrongs which have been in? flicted upon her has aroused the indignation of the whole country, and we do not yet despair of seeing just punishment laid upon the most guilty of the robber band who have grown rich from her spoils. The political revolution which swept over the country last fall, will also have a most important effect upon the destinies of the State, and that speedily. Intelligence must ultimately dominate over ignorance, there as elsewhere. A great propor? tion of the negroes who have been used to maintain the carpet-baggers and their colored allies in power have heretofore "stood by their color," as they call it, quite as much because they believed that in obeying the dictates of their leaders they were fulfilling the orders of the Federal 'Government, as i'rom considera? tions of race. Without the support of the national administration, Scott, Chamberlain, Kimpton, Parker, and the other political knaves whose frauds have impoverished the State, could never have run their infamous career. In a few months a Democratic House of Eepresentatives will assemble in Washing? ton, and the investigations- which it will insti? tute into the transactions of the administration will give Grant and his men all they will want to attend to in defending themselves. They will have neither the disposition nor the means to organize new crusades against the property of Southern taxpayers*. The negroes are keen in scenting which way the wind blows, and those of South Carolina will soon learn the difference between the rep? resentatives of an administration which had the sure support of both Houses of Congress, and the men who represent a party already re? pudiated by the people, and whose own acts may soon receive a strict scrutiny from an op? position House of Representatives. The result will be the same that has followed the diminu? tion of administration inlluenc in other South? ern States. The most intelligent of the blacks will go over to the Conservatives, and the reign of ignorance and thievery will be at an end. With prudent management, this revolution may be effected sooner than any one suspects. Already the Republican party in South Caroli? na is torn by dissensions ; the chief plunderers are fighting among themselves, while the cor? poral's guard of honest men who have mixed with them, are complacently enjoying the dis? turbance, and doing their best to bring offend? ers of both factions to justice. Unless the Conservatives commit the inconceivable folly of being seduced into an alliance with Gov. Chamberlain, the most dangerous of all the gang who took part in effecting the rtil;i of the State, their day of deliverance is not far off. Such a degrading alliance, however, would indefinitely postpone the day when the intelli? gence and worth of South Carolina shall again rule in her public affairs.?N. Y. Sun. Watering Flowers in Pots. Many who have the care of window plants seem to think that the operation of watering is one of the simplest items iucideut to their care, and will hardly thank us for advice .ou this point, aud yet we may safely hazard the asser? tion that more plank are injured and more fail to reach their greatest perfection from an im? proper mode of watering than from all other causes combined. To water the various varieties that their dif? ferent wants shall be supplied and no more, is an art acquired by but few, and the credit which some receive for fine collections is ofteu due to the proper observance of this one item. It should be kept in mind that the duty of the water is to dissolve and convey to the roots of the plants the food which they need; some plants must have a season of comparative rest, and if such arc watered liberally during this time they will keep on growing, and the ne? cessary rest is not obtained. When any of my lady friends tell me that they succeed very well with certain classes of plants, such as the fuchsia, calla, lobelias, and ivies, and fail with others, I at once set them down as being pro? fuse waterers, who, by too much water, injure or destroy such plants as will not bear it. On the other hand, there are those who fail with this class of plants and succeed well with oth? ers, because their modo of watering c1oes not supply enough for the want of one class, but is about the proper amount for another. Many plants are permanently injured by wa? ter remaining in the saucer; others ofteu suffer from a bad selection of the soil. Some of our amateur florists fail with a cer? tain class of plants, of which the begonia may be taken as a type, because they shower the leaves with cold water, but for this very reason are eminently successful with another class, of which the camellia will serve as a type. As a general rule, from which there are few variations, the texture of the leaf may be taken as an index of their power to resist the application of water. Plants having porous, open, or fleshy leaves covered with soft down, should be seldom, if ever, moistened, while those having glossy or hard leaves will do all the better if watered frequently. Silk-Raising ix Tennessee.?A Nashville (Tcnn.) gentleman named Theobald, with the view of making the experiment of silk-raising in this country, obtained a quantity of eggs from England,"and hatched them out about the middle of April last. Upon being hatched in? to worms, he feeds them on lettuce and osagc orange leaves, until they arc ready to spin.? Tho'quantity of food they eat is astonishing, aud their appetite surprising. They devour the food given them without intermissiou from the moment they are hatched until they are ready to spin. When one is ready to spin, Mr. Theobald takes it aud places it in a small paper pocket, which' he nails against the wall, and the worm commences to make his web. He continues working until he entirely disgorges the precious contents of his abdomen. When engaged in the silken web of his own weaving, ho changes his form and becomes a chrysalis. Mr. Theobald then takes tho web and winds the silken thread on a small reel, and makes it in the shape of a skein of silk. These chrysa? lides are preserved until next spring, when they are metamorphosed into butter-flys, which, in turn, lay the eggs which hatch the worm? and then die Volcanic Eruptions in Ireland. The annexed dispatch gives an account of the recent volcanic eruptions in Ireland, by which several villages were destroyed, thou? sands made homeless, and manv persons killed : London, June 12. About six weeks ago there was a heavy rain of ashes and cinders along the northern coast of Norway, covering the ground several inches deep. Investigation revealed the fact that these strange materials, coming from a north? westerly direction like immense clouds through the air, were of volcanic^origin. It was at once thought that there must have been an eruption of Mount Hecla in Iceland. A steamer was dispatched from Copenhagen, and that vessel has returned from Bejkjavik, with news of an unparalleled disaster. It seems that the outbreak began on Christmas, and has continued ever since with scarcely any interrup? tion. For seven weeks before Christmas the inhabitants were terrified by subterranean noises like thunder, which extended through nearly two-thirds of the island. Early in Jan? uary followed earthquakes in all directions, and at last, an old extinct volcano near Va trayskud, opened, aud for four weeks continued to eject immense quantities of liquid fire, lava, ashes, and a muddy fluid mass at boiling heat. The village, and some smaller hamlets and farms within a radius of twenty miles, were destroyed, and over a thousand people had to flee for their lives. "After four weeks this volcano ceased, but at that moment another extinct volcano, nearly a hundred miles away, near Myvatu, sent its burning mass upon the peaceful habitations around. This eruption lasted for several weeks, the village of Myvatu became a prey to the fiery elements, and the whole country for more than fifty miles around was devastated. More thau eight hundred of the people are reported as having been rendered homeless. Early in March there seemed to be a general upheaval of the earth in the whole central portion of the island; new mounds, as it were, rose to the surface, some to a height of several huudred feet, and over a thousaud feet in di? ameter at the base, amid tremendous shocks of thundering beneath. They split open at the top and vomited forth their burning contents upon the surface around them, covering a dis? tance of 200 miles. Ten thousand people are said to have lost nearly all their possessions, and the remainder, who live nearer to and along the coasts, some 40,000 in number, are themselves too poor to support such a vast number of needy people. Several hundred persons are also reportad to have perished. The world-renowned Geysers have dried up since the terrible eruption began, and instead of water, these mysterious funnels emit im? mense quantities of hot smoke and-ashes, which, during the night, rising several thou? sand feet into the air, appear like gigantic col? umns of flameless fire, visible for hundreds of miles. It is said that no historic record of any volcanic eruption anywhere in the world com? pares with this, either in territory over which it extends, the number of newly opened cra? ters, or the time of its duration. The Copen? hagen Government has issued an appeal for aid to the sufferers. Preserving Shingles. The house in which the writer was born was covered with shaved pine shingles in the year 1S05, at which time the roof received a gener? ous coat of oil-paint made of linseed oil aud Venetian red. After twenty years had elapsed, another coat of paint, nearly black, was ap? plied. Since that period no paint has been applied, and it is now a good roof for an old one. It does not leak, and the only repairs on it have consisted of a shingle added here and there where a portion of a poor shingle was worn out. If the roof had not been painted, the butts of most of the courses would have been worn entirely away: and if such long periods had not been allowed to intervene be? tween the times of painting, the roof would have been a good one even after the lapse of a hundred years. The true way to paint a roof is to apply i>aini of some kind to both sides oC the shingles! It it quite as important that the under side of every shingle be covered with paint as the surface, to prevent the water from being drawn up between the courses by capil? lary attraction.* If good shingles are painted on both sides, and good paint be applied to the roof once in ten years, it will continue leak tight for more than a hundred years. When it is not desirable to save the water for drinking, coal-tar is an excellent and cheap paint for preserving shingles, and it will pay well to smear a roof with this material ouce in four or five years. When roofs are not painted, moss is liable to collect at the butts of every course of shingles, which promotes their decay more rapidly than alternate rain and suushine. When oil-paint is used for paintiug shingles, it is always better to employ some light color rather than black, as the apartmc".*^ of the attic story, beneath a black roof, are liable to be uncomfortably hoc in the Summer; aud more than this, as black paint absorbs more heat than any other color, neither the paint nor the shingles will endure as long as if the roof had been covered with light-colored paint. A metallic roof covered with light colored paiut will last much longer than if it had been pain? ted with black paint, the most economical paint for a roof is a generous coat of coal tar once in a few years ; but coal-tar will color the wa? ter for five years after a coat is applied to the roof.?Industrial Monthly. A New way to Catch a Tape Worm.? The Fort Valley (Ga.) Mirror learns from re? sponsible parties that one day not long since, a young man named Joiner, who lives near Tazewell, Mariou County, who was under the impression that a tape-worm was concealed in his bread-basket, resolved to go in fishing for him. Accordingly ho baited a large-sized cat? fish hook with a piece of chicken, placed the hook in the roof of his mouth, after tying it to a peice of string about two and a half feet long, and went on to his plowing, waiting pa? tiently for the worm to crawl up and swallow the bait, so that he could catch him. In speaking to the horse very loud, the hook was drawn down his throat by the peculiar motion of the muscles of the face, and air suction, where it caught in the flesh above the beard of the hook, and could not be removed without the assistance of physicians. The doctors of Tazewell worked an hour or two in the even? ing trying to get it out, but night came on, and they had to leave the hook in his throat until the uext morning, when they cut a fork? ed stick and slipped cotton down the line to the hook, so as to keep it from catching when they loosed its hold. The physicians broke the hook loose and brought out with it a large piece of flesh. The poor fellow is getting along very well, and will soon get over it. ? A careful observer, who has devoted years to studying the phenomena of intemper? ance, says it is a curious fact that an old toper always keeps his mouth shut tight in a rain storm.