Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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HOTT & CO., Proprietors. ANDERSON C. H., S. C, THURSDAY MORNING, APRIL 1, 1875. VOLUME X.?NO. 37. Lee and Jackson. an english general's estimate of their greatness. Maj.-Gen. Sir Garnet J. Wolseley, the vic? torious commander in the Ashantee war of 1873-74, was stationed in Canada during our civil war?then.plain Col. Wolseley?and made an underground visit to Gen. Leejust after the battle of Gettysburg. In the United Ser? vice Magazine there is being published month? ly a biographical sketch of Sir Garnet Wolse? ley, written by Lieut. Low, late of the Indian navy, who is the author of "The Life of Sir George Pollock." In the last number of the magazine the biographer reaches the period in his hero's life when he was in Canada and made his visit to Lee. The reader is enabled to obtain from this narrative some account of Wolseley's opinions of the leading soldiers who fought on both sides in our war, and the value of their military operations. Of Gen. Bobert E. Lee?the reader is in- ( formed by Lieut. Low??r Garnet Wolseley had the most exalted idea. These arc his words: "It is Wolseley's deliberate opinion that in military genius Lee has had no superior since the great Napoleon astonished the world by his marvellous career of victory; and he places Robert Lee even above the great Ger? man -generals who have so recently avenged the defeats inflicted on their 'country by the mighty Corsican." It was his great admira ? tion for Lee, as well as his desire to study war under the novel aspects presented in the South, that induced Col. Wolseley to under? take the rather perilous journey to that coun? try. Leaving his quarters at Montreal quietly, he passed through New York and Baltimore to the lower counties of Maryland, where the northern terminus of the underground passage to the Confederacy was secretly laid. He had obtained in Canada and Baltimore confidential letters to persons, in Maryland, who were in Eossession of the necessary facilities to put im on the right track. He straggled through the usual dangers which at that time attended the surreptitious crossing of the military lines, dodging from house to house and hiding in out-of-the-way places, and narrowly escaping one evening capture by Federal cavalry. But finally be got across the Potomac in safety, And wended his way partially on foot to Rich? mond. He picked up at the river a country . man of his own bound on the same adventure, and during his subsequent stay in the Confede? racy they stuck together. This companion of his subsequent travels was the Hon. Frank 'Lawley, brother of Lord Wenlock. Mr. Law ley was going to the Confederacy with a com? mission from the London Times to act as its correspondent. When the two Englishmen reached Richmond. they were received with open arms by the people there. They had many social attentions, and the Confederate Government, through its Secretary of War, Mr. Randolph, gave them carte blanche to go wherever they pleased. After inspecting the fortifications of Richmond and Petersburg they started by the Virginia Central Railroad to visit the headquarters of Gen. Lee, which were then about six miles from Winchester. Col. Wolseley and his companion were re? ceived by Gen. Lee with that kindness and stately courtesy for which he was so noted. Wolseley speaks with the utmost enthusiasm of the Southern commander. He described him as a person who, wherever seen, whether in a castle or hovel, alone or in a crowd, would at ?once attract attention as a splendid specimen of an English gentleman, with one of the most rarely handsome faces ever seen. The General was living in a tent like the rest of the men, though there was a comfortable farm? house near by. But he so scrupulously respect? ed "the rights of private property that he would not consent to take possession of it. He led the two Englishmen to a seat hard by, under a large tree, and' there conversed-with them on the topic most interesting to them, the past, present and future of the war. Wolseley says that, notwithstanding his personal losses at Arlington and elsewhere, which were very se? vere, Gen. Lee never evinced any bitterness of feeling against the North, nor gave utterance to a single violent expression. On the contra? ry, he-alluded to many former friends and companions on the other side in the kindest terms. He talked freely about the battle of Antietam, which had just previously been fought. The celebrated Stonewall Jackson received Wolseley and the limes' correspondent with much affability. "He talked most affection? ately of England and of his brief but enjoya? ble sojourn there." Wolseley was quite over? come by' his interview with Jackson. 'Tor myself, he afterwards exclaimed impulsively, ""I believe that, inspired by the presence of such a man, I should be perfectly insensible to fatigue and reckon on success ?s a moral cer? tainty." Wolseley also made some remarks on the morals of the Southern soldiers. He met, while visiting the front, batches of convales? cent soldiers marching to join the army. This led him to praise the spirit of the men, but to condemn the great want of judgment evinced by the medical officers. After a sojourn of several days in the neighborhood of tbe She -nandoah Valley, Wolseley and Lawley re? traced their steps to Richmond, and. from thence the future conqueror of the Ashantees made his way, by .the tortuous and dangerous passage across the Potomac and through Mary? land, to Baltimore, and so back to Canada. Early Corn and Summer Drought.? There are those who question the propriety of planting corn at all. It does not pay, they think, and can hardly be made to pay on our ordinary cotton lands. We do not advocate tbe planting of any crop which does not pay, and cannot be made to pay, and we are not prepared to say that corn can be made a re? munerative crop on every cotton plantation, but we do feel fully warranted in saying that there are but few farms which have not on them more or less suitable corn land ; and the crop is indispensable and should be grown at home, till by more direct communication with the great corn-growing West, and cheaper transportation, we can more profitably buy it. In our hot climate, where droughts are severe and frequent during the summer, corn should be planted early, so as to avoid, in part at least, the danger from that source. Early planted corn may, it is true, be seriously in? jured by drought, but it is less liable than that planted later. Some early variety may be planted with advantage for a part of the crop. On level Iand3, we prefer to plant corn m checks, but on h jlly land, the drill system is Ereferable, as. if the rows are run around the ill on a level,1 as they should be, the ridge prevents washing.?Rural Carolinian.. ? "For heaven's sake, lend me five dollars,*' said a destitute man to his friend, "I have had nothing in ray house to eat for four days but rice." "Rice said the other, "if I had known you bad rice I would have come around to din? ner." I'he five dollars was not forthcoming. ? A gentleman who was for eight years an attache bf the N. Y. Herald, says that during all that time he did not see James Gordon Ben? nett. Butler on Civil Rights. The following letter emates from the Hon. Benjamin F. Butler, late Congressman from the district of Essex, in Massachusetts, and will determine some doubts hitherto existing in many intelligent minds as to the exact scope of the famous Civil Rights act: Washington, March 18,1875. ? But?I have the pleasure to acknowledge re? ceipt of yours of the 14th, containing expres I Bions of appreciation of my efforts in behalf of I the Civil Rights bill, for which accept ray thanks. You further ask, "Will you be kind enough to inform me if colored men are enti? tled to the privileges of saloons and barber shops under its provisions ?" an unenvied privilege. To this I answer:?I understand by "sa? loons," you mean drinking saloons, and am happy to say it does not give any right to a colored man to go into a drinking saloon with? out the leave of the proprietor, and am very glad it does not. Iam willing to concede, as a friond to the colored man, that the white race may have at least this one superior privilege to the colored man, that they can drink in bar? rooms and saloons, and I never shall do any? thing to interfere with the exercise of that high and distinctive privilege. I would not advo? cate a bill which should give that right to the colored man. If I were to vote for any bill on this subject at all, it would be one to keep the colored man out of the drinking saloons; and I hope no barkeeper will ever let a colored man have a glass of liquor at any bar open for drink? ing. Indeed, I should be glad, whenever a col? ored man should go into a drinking saloon for the purpose of drinking at the bar if somebody wonld at once take him and put him out, doing him as little injury as possible. He could do the colored man no greater kindness. privacy of a barber shop. As to the other branch of your question, in reference to barber shops, let me say that the trade of a barber is like any other trade, to be carried on by the man who is engaged in it at his own will and pleasure, and the Civil Rights bill has nothing to do with its exercise. A barber has a right to shave whom he pleases, or a blacksmith to shoe such colored horses as he pleases. In other words, these are not pub? lic employments, but private business, in which the law does not interfere. colored man's rights at common law. From time immemorial all men have had equal rights at the common law in places of public amusement, in public conveyances and in inns or licensed taverns, because all such business was for the public under special priv? ileges granted by the government. The thea? tre and like public amusements were licensed by the public authorities and protected by the police. The public conveyances used the King's highway. The public inn had the spe? cial privilege of a lien or claim upon the bag? gage or other property of any traveller using it tor his keep; and if any man was refused, while behaving himself well and paying his fare, a seat in any place of public amusement, or carriage by public conveyance, or shelter in a public inn, he had at common law a right of action against tbe party so refusing. The Civ? il Rights bill only confirms these rights of all citizens to the colored man in consideration of the prejudice against him and an attempt in certain parts of the country to interfere with the exercise of those common law rights, and has enacted a penalty as a means of enforcing the right in this behalf in consideration of his helpless and dependent condition. The Civil Rights bill has noc altered the colored man's rights at all from what they were before under the common law applicable to nearly every State in the Union. It has only given him a greater power to enforce that right to meet the exigency of combined effort to deprive colored citizens of it; and all idea that the Civil Rights bill allows the colored man to force himself into any man's shop or into any man's private house, boarding house or establishment other than those I have named is simply an ex? hibition of ignorance as well as, in some cases, of insufferable prejudice and malignity. Aud while I would sustain any colored man in firm? ly and properly insisting upon his rights under the Civil Rights bill, which were his at com? mon law, as they were the right of every citi? zen, yet I should oppose to the utmost of my power any attempt on the part of the colored men to use the Civil Rights bill as a pretence to interfere with tbe private business of private parties. It is beneath the dignity of any color? ed man so to do, and all acts such as shutting him our from drinking saloons, may be well left to the ignorant ana generally vicious men who keep them as a badge of their superiority to the colored race. I have the honor to be, &c, BENJAMIN F. BUTLER. Rorert Harlan, Esq., Cincinnati, Ohio. "Paying Crops."?When planters and newspapers figure on the subject of "paying crops," as the Macon Messenger and Telegraph well says, they should make their estimates from more than one standpoint?for home con? sumption and for sale. As a rule, it may truth? fully be said that everything useful for home consumption is a richly paying crop. Grain netded on the plantation is worth a highly remunerative price there; that is to say, it is obviously worth the market price of Western grain and transportation, because were it not produced on the farm, that would be the actual expense of the substitute. So of long forage? to the extent of the actual needs of the plan? tation. This is the true rule of valuation up to measure of what must be had to sustain the farm. Next, there is a standpoint of valuation ta? ken from an enlightened farm economy. Noth? ing like economy is possible where less than the lowest measure of food consumption is produced. That is nothing but ruin. Econo? my begins with the production of what is actu? ally essential to life. But a truer and higher economy takes in what is necessary to comfort and enjoyment?to a good table?and a fat, healthful condition both of stock and land. Meagre supplies, whether bought or produced, cannot be considered ecouomy. Abundance is indispensable to health, happiness and pros? perity. Nobody ever saw a prosperous agri? culture without abundance for man and beast, and he who merely raises just enough for food for family, laborers and working stock, will find his returns of profit to correspond with his parsimony. There must be plenty of stock and plenty for it to eat. And this constitutes the second measure of value to be applied to farm products. The third?food merely for market depends on contingencies?close proximity to a certain and good market?which few Georgia farms possess. There are very few, probably, which can make food crops profitable. - m * ^ ? "Herbert," said a perplexed mother, "why is it that you're not a better boy ?" "Well," said the little fellow, soberly, looking up into j her face with his honest blue eyes, "I suppose ! the real reason is that I don't want to be!" I We think the child gave the real reason why j all of us, big as well as little, are not better ' than we are. The Prospects of the Future. It will be admitted by, perhaps, every farm? er in South Carolina, that the agricultural con? dition of the State is not as favorable as is de? sirable. There is a disparity between the nat? ural capability of the soil and the actual con? dition of the people. Nature has done a great deal for that portion of the giobe which we call the Southern States. The climate is mild and the soil is admirably adapted to the pro? duction of, we may say, all the absolute neces? sities of life. Notwithstanding this fact, the South is behind, in agriculture, other sections less favorably situated. It would be interest? ing, had we time, to inquire into the cause or causes of this state of things. This we do not propose to do. The future is before us, and we may contemplate with profit the prospects. Some day, not far distant, if war, with its desolating results, does not visit the South, it will be one of the first farming countries in the world. This is especially true of South Caro? lina. Multitudes have learned by actual expe? rience that, all things considered, farming is more remunerative in South Carolina than in any other State in the Union. Of the vast number of those who have left the State, there are but few who would not come back if they were able, and could do so without looking ashamed. They are like the Irishman was who said when askea if he did not desire to go back to Ireland?"No, I do not, because I am poorer than when I left Ireland." Others who have been observant of this have become better sat* isfied. In fact, there is less disposition to-day to emigrate than has been at any previous pe? riod in the history of the State. This is omi? nous of good. If every farmer in the State of South Carolina would determine to spend his days in the State, the condition of things, ten years hence, would be very different from what it is now. Farms would be improved, and farmers would live more comfortable. The price of land would advance, and more settlers would come into the State. There is another favorable symptom. Far? mers are beginning to study their calling. They do more thinking than formerly. The im? plements of agriculture are better, and work animals are better. There are more improved plows in York countyto-day than were in any three counties in the whole State before the war. As a result of this improvement in plows, better plowing is done, and larger crops are made to the same quantity of land cultivated. It is a favorable omen that farmers are general? ly determined to make their supplies at home, and all the cotton they can besides. From present prospects the day is not far distant when a farmer will be ashamed to buy corn in ordinary seasons. In respect to producing home supplies, farmers have the theory clearly in their minds and are commencing to practice it. Every year the people are becoming more fully acquainted with the new state of things which has been brought about by the abolition of slavery in the South. So soon as both white man and negro accept the condition of things, the better it will be for the whole country. We are nearer this point to-day than ever before. Multitudes of white men have learned the fact that the negro is free, who did not know it three years ago; and the colored people of the South have .generally learned that freedom without work will not put clothes on their back or bread in their mouths. They have much yet to learn, which we may as well hope they will learn, as to ignorantly say they will not. The prospects to-day, in another particular, aro more favorable than they were this time last year. There is more corn in South Car? olina now than was, at the same time of the year, at any time since the war. It is true that money is scarce, but if farmers have plenty of corn, thev can get along on very little money. There will be fewer liens given in 1875 than there were in 1874. There is a greater acreage sown in small grain than usual. Some men who, heretofore, sowed no wheat or oats, have, this spring, large fields of both. Last, but by no means least of those things which promise well for the future, is the fact, that farmers are more energetic than formerly. The want of energy well directed has been the cause of all the failures in farming in the State for several years. The old men not being able to adapt themselves to the new state of things became discouraged, and the young men were idle and wasteful. Things have changed, or at least are beginning to change in this respect. Many of the old men at the time the war closed have died, and the young men are beginning to take their places. This fact, more than anything else, brightens the pros? pects for the future. Each year its effects are more clearly seen. If every farmer will con? tent himself to live at home, and attend to his business closely, we predict a prosperous fu? ture for South Carolina.? Yorkville Enquirer. Arab Horse Maxims. Who raiseth and traineth a horse for the Lord is counted in the number of those who give alms day and night, in private as well as in public. He will find his" reward. All his sins will be forgiven him, and never more will any fear come over him and dishonor his heart. Let your colt be domesticated and live with you from his tenderest age, and when a horse he will be simple, docile, faithful and inured to hardship and fatigue. To have your horse Berve you on the day of trial, if you desire him then to be a horse of truth, make him sober, accustomed to hard work and inaccessible to fear. Do not beat your horses, nor speak to them in a loud tone of voice; do not be angry with them, but kindly reprove their faults; they will do better thereafter, for they understand the language of man and its meaning. If you have a long day's journey before you, spare your horse at the start; let him frequent? ly walk to recover his wind. Continue this until he has sweated and dried three times, and you may ask him whatever yon please; he will not leave you in difficulty. Use your horse as your leathern bottle; if you open it gently and gradually you can easi? ly control the water within, but if you open it suddenly the water escapes at once, and nothing remains to quench your thirst. Never let your horse run up or down hill, if you can avoid it. On the contrary slacken your pace. "Which do you prefer," was asked of a horse, "ascent or descent?" "A curse be on the point of meeting I" was the answer. Make your horse work and work again. In? action and fat aro the great perils of a horso, and the main cause of all his vices and dis? ease. Observe your horse when he is drinking at a brook. If in bringing down his head ho remain square, without bending his limbB, he possesses sterling qualities and all parts of his body are built symmetrically. Four things he must have broad?front, chest, loins and limbs ; four things long?neck, breast, fore-arm and croup, and four things short pasterns, back, ears and tail. ? Human brutes, like other beasts, find snares and poison in the provisions of life, and are allured by their appetites to their destruc? tion.? Swift. Death of the Irish Fatriot, John Mitchel. London, March 20, 1875. John Mitchel died quietly at eight o'clock, this morning, at Dromalane, Irelaud. sketch of his life. The Irish patriot, John Mitchel, the ar nouncement of whoso death is contained in the dispath from London above printed, was born November 3, 1815, in the town of Dun given, county of Derry, where his father offi? ciated as a minister of the Unitarian persua? sion. He graduated at Trinity College, Dub? lin, in 183(3, studied law and practiced his rofession for six years in Newry and Ban ridge during the stormy period of O'Connell's monster meetings, and the arrest, trial and im? prisonment of the great agitator. Mitchel showed so much talent, courage and patriotism that in 1845, when only thirty years old, he was called to edit the Nation, then, as now, one of the most influential papers in Dublin or in Ireland. His bold articles in the cause of his country soon brought him into trouble with the Government and with his associate in the ftper?Garvan Duffy, who was alarmed at the old stand taken by Mitchel. Duffy insisted on pruning his articles, and Mitchel, quitting the Nation, established a paper which he de? termined to make a true reflex of Irish opinion. He accordingly founded in the beginning of 1848 The United Irishman, which he conducted with his accustomed boldness and vigor?as? sailing in unmeasured terms the misgovern ment practiced by England in Ireland. Of course such a journal could not avoid suppres? sion nor its editor imprisonment. After an existence of three months The United Irishman was suppressed, Mitchel wa3 arrested, tried and sentenced to transportation for a term of four? teen years. An English sloop of war carried him to the island of Bermuda, and he passed ten months of his imprisonment in the West Indies. At ths expiration of that time he was taken to the penal settlement of Australia, where he met Smith O'Brien. Meagher, Martin and other Irish leaders who were suffering for the sin of patriotism. For some time he was allowed to go at large upon his parole of honor; but July 19, 1854, he rode up to a Magistrate's office, renounced his parole and surrendered himself. Before the astonished official could recover from his surprise Mitchel dashed from the office, mounted a fleet horse and made his escape. He landed at New York November 6, 1854, and soon afterwards founded the Irish Citizen. Failing eye-sight caused him to aban? don this venture and to seek a warmer climate. He went from New York to Tennessee, where he commenced the publication of the Southern Citizen. In this paper he advocated the re? opening of the African slave trade, and his course on this question caused hira to incur the ill will of mauy of his countrymen who had settled in the North aud West and adopted abolition theories. This journal was afterwards transferred to Washington, but suspended in 1856. When the war between the North and South commenced the gallant Irishman cast his fortunes with the section of his adoption, and supported the Confederate cause with all his ability. During the war he edited the Richmond Examiner, one of the most noted Southern papers. In a receut speech in Ire? land be boasted that he was a Confederate, aud declared that the best men in America were on the Southern side. He had three gallant sons in the Confederate army, one of whom was killed at the battle of Gettysburg and another?Capt. John Mitchel?was killed while in command of Fort Sumter. After the war Mitchel re? turned to New York, and for some time con? ducted the Irish Citizen. Notwithstanding his long absence from his country he still remained dear to the Irish heart, and a short time since the representative of Tipperary in the British Parliament resigned in order that Mitchel might be elected in his stead. He accepted the invitation, and, though still unpardoued, returned to Ireland, accompanied by his son, after an absence of twenty-seven years. The Government did not venture to arrest him, but ?trongly opposed his election. In spite of this opposition his reception was a continued ova? tion, and he was returned by a large majority. He was not allowed to take his seat, and, on motion of Disraeli, the seat was declared va? cant, and a new election ordered. Determined not to yield he was again a candidate, and a few days since was returned a second time by an overwhelming vote. He has been in bad health for some time past, and his death was almost daily expected. What the Great Torxado Looked Like. ?A letter from Georgia says: ''The writer conversed with fifty people of Hancock, War? ren and McDuffie Counties who saw the north? ern cyclone. The most intelligent among them agreed that it was cylindrical in shape, ran im? mediately along the ground, was half a mile wide at the base, and half a mile high. In the distance, and when approaching, it looked like a vast column of black smoke arising from a pine forest on fire. As it approached it was dimly illuminated with a phosphorescent light, whilst in it, as one man graphically said, "there appeared to be a million matches just struck." These lights were from the electricity. The horizon and sky were everywhere overcast with other dense clouds. From these the storm cloud stood out as boldly as any well-drawn picture from its back ground. It was not ac? companied by thunder. It traveled all of sev? enty miles per hour. This was ascertained by comparing the time it passed through any given points apart. The roaring, appalling noise it produced was by the same causes that the noise of cannou balls are whilst flying through the air. It was not more than three hours passing over the entire State of Georgia. If the reader will take a rule and lay it upon a map of Georgia, selecting any two given points touched by the cyclone, he will see that it travelled in a lino as straight as a cannon ball or a crow would fly. The rule will point west through Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, north of New Orleans, and run iuto the Gulf of Mex? ico, between that city and Galveston. All the hurricanes aud cyclones which pass over Geor? gia are bred in that Gulf." How to Break Off Bad Habits.?Under? stand the reason, and all the reasons why the habit is injurious. Study the subject until there is no lingering doubt in your mind. Avoid the places, the persona and the thoughts that lead to the temptation. Frequent the places, associate with the persons, indulge in the thoughts that lead away from temptation. Keep busy; idleness is the strength of bad habits. Do not give up the struggle when you have broken your resolution once, twice?a thousand times. That only shows how much need there is for you to strive. When you have broked your resolutions just think the matter over, and endeavor to understand why it is you failed, so that you may be on your guard against a recurrence of the same circum? stances. Do not think it is an easy thing that you have undertaken. It is a folly to expect to break off a bad habit in a day which may have been gathering long years. ? A new made grave in Connecticut shows where the man is who last week drank five glasses of whiskey at one sitting. A Grange Fnneral. On Sunday last, near Tinkling Spring, in this county, the first burial of a lady member of the order of Patrons of Husbandry that has taken place in Virginia was attended by a large concourse of citizens. Mrs. Sarah J. Calbreath, wife of Mr. Zacbariah Calbreathra member of Fisherville Grange, No. 71, died on Friday, having had a very perilous surgical operation performed a few days since. She was about forty years of age, and was much beloved and esteemed by all who knew her, and her funeral brought together a large num? ber of citizens outside of the order to which she belonged, who testified by their presence to the high esteem in which she was held. She was the mother of Miss Jennie Calbreath, who fills the position of "Flora" in the Grange. gathering of the grangers. Early in the morning the Grangers, each wearing a small bouquet in his coat, commenced arriving at the Presbyterian church at Tink? ling Spring, where the funeral was to take place, and of which the deceased had been a consistant member. Among those who arrived were the designated pall-bearers of the Grange wearing white baldrics, and the marshals of the procession, who wore the orange-colored baldrics of their office. Among the members of other Granges who were present were a large number from Barterbrook and Waynes boro Granges. The funeral sermon was preached by Rev. G. B. Strickler, after which the concourse of persons, numbering over 500, proceeded to the cemetery. the granger ceremonies. The pall-bearera of the order bore the coffin decorated with flowers to the gate, followed in order by the family of the deceased, the lady members of the Order, the male members, and last, the procession of citizens. At the gate the coffin was stopped and the members of the Grange opened ranks and passed on each side of it to the grave, around which they formed a circle, the coffin being placed at the side of the excavation in their midst. The Master of the Grange, Mr. Samuel B. Brown, of Fishersville, then made a brief address, followed by the chaplain, W. H. H. Lynn, of Staunton Grange, who officiated in place of the Chaplain of Fish? ersville Grange, who was abseut on account of sickness, who repeated the Lord's Prayer, the repetition being followed by all the members of the Order. The Chaplain then read from the burial service of the Order, some words of comfort to the re? latives of the dead and a brief address to the members of the Order, in which they were told that "Heaven and God are best discerned through tears?scarcely, perhaps at all dis? cerned without them. The constant associa? tion of prayer with the hour of bereavement and the scenes of death, suffices to show this. We must be made perfect through suffering ; but the struggle by night will bring calmness of the morning. The prayer of deliverance calls forth the power of endurance, aud while to the reluctant, the cross is too heavy to be borne, it grows light in the heart of those who will trust." A hymn was then very sweetly sung, the singing being led by Mr. Frank Bell, of the Granger choir, and Mrs. Woody, a lady choris? ter of the order, during which the grangers passed around the yet empty grave and break? ing their bouquets apart dropped in the flowers. The chaplain then read the. beautiful burial service which ends with the 23d psalm, during which the coffin was lowered into the grave and the lady members of the grange then passed around it each breaking her bouquet and scattering the flowers on the coffin ; a very sweet hymn being sung during the time. The master of the lodge and the pall-bearers then advanced to the grave and threw in their bou? quets, the master saying: "A good name is better than precious ointment, and the day of death better than the day of one's birth. He shall go as he came and take nothing of his labor which he may carry in his hand." He then took up a handful of earth aud sprinkled it in the grave, saying, "In the namo of Fisherville Grange, I pronounce the words, Sister Cal? breath, farewell." After a prayer by the Chaplain, to which all the members of the order responded "Amen," the grave was filled. memorial. The Grange has set apart a day to plant a memorial tree, as is the custom of the order, at the grave of Mrs. Calbreath. They also have in the summer a memorial day, on which they visit the graves of the deceased members and scatter flowers on their graves.?Staunton ( Va.) Vindicator. The Pin Machine.?This machine is one of the closest approaches that mechanics have made to the dexterity of the human hand. It is about the size of the lady's sewing machine, only stronger. On the side at the back a light belt descends from a long shaft in the ceiling that drives all machines, ranged iu rows, on the floor. On the left side of the machine hangs on a peg a reel of wire that has been straight? ened by running through a compound system of small rollers. The wire descends, and the end enters the machine. This is the food con? sumed by this voracious little dwarf. He pulls it in and bites off by inches, incessantly?one hundred and forty bites in the minute. Just as he seizes each bite, a little hammer, with a concave face, hits the end of the wire three times, "upsets" it to a head, while he grips it to a counter sunk hole between his teeth. With an outward thrust of his tongue he then lays the pin sideways in a little groove across the rim of a small wheel that slowly revolves. By the external pressure of a stationary hoop these pins roll in their places as they are car? ried under two series of small files, three in each. These files grow finer toward the end of the series. They lie at a slight inclination on the pins, and a scries of cams, levers, and springs are made to play like lightening. Thus the pins are dropped in a little box. Twenty eight pounds are a day's work for one of these jerking little automctons. The machines reject crooked pins, the slightest irregularity in any of them being detected. ? A boy recently informed a policeman that there was an "awful fight" in a tenement house on Franklin st., and the officer hurried in and found a man bent backwards over the table, and his wife hanging to his hair with a death grip. The man was helpless, and the woman knew it and enjoyed it. "This fighting must he stopped," said the oflicer, as he stood in the | door. "I'd bo. willing," replied the woman," getting a new brace for her feet. "Then why; don't you let up on him ?" asked the officer; I "he says he'll never lay hands on you again." "I know he does," she replied, breathing exci? tedly, "hut I know him better than you do, Mister, and T'm going to hang ribht to this hair."?Detroit Free Pre?. ? An old, experienced farmer once said to a new beginner in farming ; "Young man, let me give you a little piece of advice, will you ? Never stir up your soil deeper than you are able to manure it." This is an axiom which it is well to remember. Too Much Capital Required. The old story about the necessity of estab ing manufactures is being told by the press and the people in every part of the South. All agree that home manufactures would multiply Southern wealth, increase the supply of money, relieve our depressed agriculture, and improve our general condition. But the invariable re? ply is, too much capital is required. The Mis? souri Republican, in discussing this question, says: "It takes far less capital to start a man? ufacture in a favorable place than is imagined; the business requires labor more than it re? quires capital, and there is not a county in Missouri out cffifty that can be named that does not possess unemployed labor enough to stock a dozen factories. Successful manufactures are not generally established; they grow from small beginnings. If a company of foreign capitalists were to go into a county of this State, erect large buildings, fit them up with appoved machinery, and invest one hundred thousand dollars in a particular industry, the probabili? ties are that it would fail; but if the citizens of the same county*were to embark in the sam? industry on a small scale, with eight or ten thousand dollars, employing such labor as they could get in the vicinity, conducting their op? erations with economy, feeling their way as they went along, and enlarging their business as the demand for their fabrics increased, the exper? iment would probably grow into a prosperous industry, employing profitably one hundred thousand dollars. It would make its own cap? ital, and then invest it in an enlarged business. The enterprise would expand with its annual Erofits. Other enterprises would be attracted y its success, and in a few years the place would be recognized as a thrifty manufacturing community. THis is the history of nearly all the successful industries in this country, and it is full of encouragement It proves that for? eign money and imported labor are not neces? sary to the development of a healthful and profitable system of manufactures, and that willing labor, energy and determination are the chief prerequisites. Manufactures are gre? garious; there is a sympathy between indus? tries that cause them to group together. A busy community irresistibly attracts both cap? ital and labor; an idle community repels them. It is a sheer waste of time for an idle popula? tion to point to their rich soil, fine timber, wa? ter power and beds of coal and ore, and call on somebody in the East or- in Europe to come and work up these cheap materials into fabrics; the solicited labor and capital will not come, because they will argue that, if the boasted ad? vantages really exist in the vicinity, the resi? dent population would improve them. But let that population go resolutely to work to make fortunes out of their own resources inaugurating manufactures on a small scale putting in a little money and plenty of work employing all the idle persons in the vicinity. judgment, and they will be surprisea and de? lighted at the result; their example will be noted abroad; the hum of their operations will resound far and wide, and the wealth and im? migration that avoided them before will eager? ly come forward to assist them." Cash in Advance?Why not! Unpaid subscription bills have long been the rocks on which newspapers split. In fact, we can scarcely recall an instance of the wreck of a newspaper, the mistaken policy of whose publishers it was to give credit, that the disas? ter?whether caused by bad management or otherwise?was not attributed to this self-same cause, and it cannot be denied that with too many it is one of the causes if not the sole one. Notwithstanding the disastrous example before them, a considerable number of publishers ad? here to the evil system, evidently fearing that its discontinuance would entail a loss of pat? ronage. The greater portion of the financially well-to-do newspapers, both in city and coun? try, long ago adopted a sounder policy, but there are still many others who place annually quite a respectable amount to the wrong side of the profit and loss account on this score. Many of these advertise cash in advance, but lack the courage to enforce it. As an illustra? tion of the extent to which this pernicious sys? tem is sometimes carried, we will cite an in? stance that came to our knowledge of a news? paper published in Boston, which was sent to a subscriber for twenty-eight years without a ceut of payment, at the end. of which time the subscriber being alive and a responsible party, was sued for the amount, and it was re? covered with interest. Had the publisher never received a penny, the just verdict would have been?"served him right." Why pub? lishers should thus continue to give credit y*ar after year, to unknown parties, it may be from Maine to Oregon, is "one of those things that no fellow can find out." There is but one ex? cuse, that we are aware, ever offered?"it can't be helped," but we are not of those who con? sider this in any way valid. There have been newspapers published in communities where the eredit system had a firm foot-hold?which, alone and unaided, have demanded cash pay? ments, and succeeded, and we believe concerted effort on the part of even the financially weak? est of the press, would scarcely fail of a like result. As this is a subject of considerable importance to publishers, we would be pleased to receive communications from those interest? ed, pro and con, for publication in the Reporter. And while they are about it, let the matter have a snowing in the columns of their own papers, with the view of educating their read? ers to believe in its propriety. Letters in the Reporter are well enough, as a means of strengthening the nerves of weaker brethren who fear to make the plunge, but any measures that may be inaugurated, looking towards do? ing away with promiscuous credit, will be dou? bly strengthened by having even the partial support of the reading public?American News? paper Reportei'. A Man Killed by a Turkey Gobbler.? The Fayetleville, North Carolina, Gazette, of a recent date, contains the following announce? ment : "Died at his seat in Anson County, N. C, on 20th ultimo, the Hon. Samuel Spencer, L. L. D., and one of the Judges of the superior court of his State. His honors health had been de? clining for about two years, but he performed the hist circuit three months since and we un? derstand, intended to have left, home in a few days for this town, where the superior court is now sitting, had it not been for the following accident, which, it is thought hastened his death : He was sitting in his piazza with a red cap on his head, when a large cock turkey pas? sing, the jud|?e, being sleepy, began to nod; when the" turkey, mistaking the nodding and red cap, for a challenge, made so violent and unexpected an attack on his honor that he threw him out of his chair on the floor; and before he could get any assistance, so beat and bruised him that he died within a few days af? ter. _ _ ? At a printer's festival, lately, the follow? ing toast was offered: "Women?Second only to the press in the dissemination of news." The ladies are yet undecided whether to regard ' this as a compliment or otherwise.