Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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u ?ufapn&mt' imxty ?m^n-^mM U giftjfo ptoto,: geteilt?? wii Qwtti ?MU$tm. HOYT & CO., Proprietors. ANDERSON C. H., S. C, THURSDAY MORNING, AUGUST 28, 1873. VOLUME IX.?NO. 8. . For the Anderson-InlelKgeneef. The Common Schools of South Carolina. The management of the school system of this State lias, so far, resulted in much annoy? ance to all the people, much money wasted, causing its operations jto.be yery inefficient arid abortive. A judicious,; intelligent and effective system is desirable; it would benefit the entire State. , The failure to make the appropriations .1 o? money, applied or voted by the Legislature,1 ficpm whatever cause, has been the main reason : for the past inefficiency of the common schools of tbe.State. There are other causes found in , the regulations, and in carrying out the details ] of the system. Some. suggestions will be 6f ?fered. Common schools afford to the masses the. means of rudimentary and ordinary education, it matters dot whether sustained by. the' State or by the communities where located. An or? dinary or common education is of vast impor? tance to the people. It is viewed, , when such educational facilities are furnished by the' State, as a question of State policy for the good of its citizens. Generally, an agricultural or rural population does not require schools of a j high grade-r-neighborhoods wanting them em? ploy teachers above a common school grade. Then, requiring'the first grade teachers to be competent to teach-the mathematics, and other studies in consonance, does hot, meet.the re? quirements of a great majority of schools in this State. The wants of most schools are to have teachers capable to instruct in the Eng? lish language, arithmetic, geography, and writing. Teachers performing this much well should receive first grade in a common school, because they deserve it j and where higher branches are to be taught; employ teachers ac? cordingly. . It "is just to the employers and to the teachers to make such qualifications first grade. This was the plan last year, to require the attainmen ts mentioned for first grade. The regulations of the Superintendent went on to lower qualifications, for second and third grade teachers. Now, with all deference to superior wisdom and experience, it is suggested, if it has not been done, to have no such thing as a second grade or a third grade school. Well, we never saw a third grada school, but a third grade teacher suggests the necessity of a third grade school: and there are in almost all white schools scholars competent to teach, a third grade" teacher. Therefore, it is money misap? plied. The second grade may possess acquire? ments a little lower than the first grade, -and have but the two grades. . Scholars only learn . ing to spell and read can be taught by ? second grade teacher; but if the teacher gets to third grade, we apprehend that he. may not teach, orthography, which should be well and thor? oughly done; The common school system was new, many obstacles were and are' to be over? come ; experience and further knowledge of its wants by trial brought to bear, and it can be made useful. It is suggested to the law-makers that The part of the law requiring each School District to tax itself in order that it may receive the benefits of the State aid to-common schools, or, jailing' to levy such tax, not to be aided by the State, is a defect in the law. Laws should be executed; if impolitic, inexpedient or unwise, the; should be amended or repealed, as the interests and wishes of the people may require. The Legislature has power to.make such laws as in their wisdom are found to ad? vance Ute cause of education. As it is, some School Districts, and sometimes Counties, per? haps, care very little about attending the meet? ing to levy a school tax, ok are, from reasons satisfactory to themselves, opposed, and it is defeated. The result in that case is, that they pay a heavy tax for State lid to schools, and their locality is deprived of its benefits. It ahculd be repealed, and the State aid the only; source?except what the citizens may.do for schools, .consulting the wjlfare of theneigh tornocd and, of course, their children. Legislatures have attempted to enforce com? pulsory, attendance on ? common schools, and much has been said is support of it To look at it without a careful survey of the situation, it would seem to be very practicable. The people that such an enactment would mostly affect are so situated that it might, in some cases, work injury to them in supporting their families. It is known tbaS the freedmen gen? erally require the assistanc3 of their children in making and gathering tiieir crops; this em? braces the greater part of the year, and requires all available assistance when the grass grows, and having huge crops of cotton to work or not to work. Also, a majority of the white population necessarily employ their children profitably, on the farm. There are other im? portant reasons why it should not be compul? sory. As, regards'the white race, they will support common schools, or those of a higher grade, as suits their interests, convenience or wishes, regardless of compulsion to education, for their knowledge of its necessities and tender care for their offspring render such laws nuga? tory. As such a law in this State would bear more on the freedmen, it might be appropriate to offer some thoughts. The difficulty in their case, as far as our experience goes, is not to get them to send their children^o school, but to get good, reliable schools for them : and having that, they scud their children regularly when they can. ? B?t to locate a school on uncertain State aid can't be done, for competent men, with families to support, won't work in such harness. It is known, from their situation) that they cannot support schools as well as they doubtless wish. Make, the school system from root to branch work well, and the freed? men will send regularly; for if the State aid and management is rightly conducted, compe? tent teachers, who in many cases have aban? doned it, will take hold again, and others be added. People soon learn the benefits of a common education, and in a great majority of cases will educate without compulsion. If compulsicn were attempted, it would be in many casts to enter the private affairs of fam? ilies, whi:h is not the domain of law-makers. The'few who will not send under good offers and advantages, would not be benefited by compulsion, nor their absence affect the great work of society. And compulsion in this case really-goes against liberty, which in a republic gives to the citizen the largest liberty, only its behests a:e not to infringe on the rights, of neighbors or good citizenship. STOREVILLE. Chicago und Augusta. Editors Chronicle and Sentinel?Dear Sirs : I beg the use of your columns to answer a num? ber of correspondents, respecting the progress made in tbe formation of a company to build the Chicago, Augusta and South Atlantic Rail? road, and as the best means both of attaining this end and of giving to our. people desirable information with regard to this matter, request the publication of the following letter from Robert Pu.e, of Chicago, in reply to one written by me at the request of some of our leading citizens, asking information. First, as to the character of the company. Second, as to the nature of the charter which will be sought at the next session of Congress; and third as to routes. At the date of my letter to President Hay mond there existed some conflict of opinion among our citizens as to the choice of routes from Augusta, as between the Georgia line of. the Augunta and Hartwell and the route by Greenwood unite in determining the direction of whatever aid should be given. This conflict, I am lead to believe, will terminate no soon as the late action of the Augusta and Hartwell -Railroad Company becomes officially known and ratine] by both of their companies. This" I action I understand to be based upon an over? ture from ;he friends of the Greenwood Com? pany, in U e city of Augusta, and contemplates a trunk lire, common to both roads, for fifteen or twenty niles up the valley of the Savannah river, to seme point near Little River Shoals. I believe Vaat in the future that not only an? tagonism \rill cease as between the advocates of the respective lines, but that there will be a firm combination and concert in action by the advocates of both lines. I am, with great respect, your obedient ser? vant, Henry Moorb, Chm'n. C. and A. S. A. Association. Augusta August 14, 1873. Office Chicago, Augusta, and South ] Atlantic Railway Company, 12? De a ebon St., Chicago, 111., : f r August 7,18Z3. J Henry Moore, Esq., Chairman, &c, Augusta. Oa.: Mr. President Haymond has forwardea your letter of the 26th ultimo. Being an old line Democrat, I fully appreciate the views of your people in reference to the Federal Gov? ernment's interference with our domestic affairs. But, in thh direction, the building of a public highway for commerce through co-terminous States, for the purpose of traffic between those States, conies fairly within that clause of the Federal Constitution which provides that Con? gress shall have power to regulate commerce between the several States, foreign nations, and the India'n tribes. Perhaps it will be no greater interference with the reserved power of the States thou that which alreadj-gob tains with enrolled arid licensed vessels navigating such rivers as tie Hudson, which lie wholly within the border of a single State. It must be remembered that a large body of laws, known as police regulations, always nave remained with the States, and would guard and control the road within the jurisdiction of any particular State, so far as such laws ore ap? plicable. This would give to the citizen ample protection as to security for life, limb, and property si tuate along the line of the route. It might be cuestionabfe whether Congress could legislate upon the instruments of commerce per ee; it would only be sub modo, i. e., when en? gaged in cc mmercc between the different States. A contract made in Georgia to be performed in Georgia, although' to be performed by the companies' cars, would be wholly subject to the laws of Georgia. A power thus limited and hedgec in could never be very dangerous in time of peace and in time of war. Under that most uncertain of all power, the war pow? er, armies would seize the rood for their own use, wholly independent of constitutional con? siderations State or Federal. A charter similar to our own is to be of? fered by the citizens of Illinois and New York for a railwty between Chicago and New York city. As to roi tes, .these will give us no trouble. At our meeting on the25th of September next it is the intention of our directors to give the fullest opportunity for discussion as to the route to the Southeast Atlantic coast. We ask, howevor, that all come with power to act Roads, and ports of roods, will be received in payment of stock, whether completed or par? tially so. <te Now we oak that, Augusta will imitate her Northern brethren in New York city and call a mass meeting of her citizens: 1st. To pass approving resolutions. 2d. To appoint delegates with power to'act. 3d. To combine with her sister seaport cities in the com non design. We would be pleased, in a matter of so much ?importance, to receive as delegates the Gov? ernors (if white) of all your States. We expect to receive as delegates your Governors and United Sta tes Senators. We expect about three hundred delegates ftom the South and West. It is propo ;ed that Lyman Trumbull shall pre? side, assisted by Vice-Presidents, citizens of distinction from each of the States through which the road passes, ar? prefer that such Yice-Presidents should be Governors. The Committee of Reception will consist of our best business men, headed by the Mayor of Chicago a id the President of the Board of Trade, and we should like the names of dele? gates to be sent in at the earliest moment. Very truly, Robert Rae. ?? ??? Noxiouj Gases in Wells.?Lives are fre? quently lest by noxious gases in wells. This may be prevented by the adoption of the fol? lowing very simple means: Take some pieces of carpet, or common sacks, and make them up^ato a loose bundle, nearly as large as the areaof the well. Inclose in it a brick to give weight, and attach to the bundle a rope of suf? ficient length to reach to the bottom of the well. Throw this bundle down the well, and haul it up again as quickly as possible. Repeat . this operation rapidly for ten minutes, and the atmosphere of the well will become quite in? noxious, as will be proved by letting down a lighted caudle. The bundle, as is easily under? stood, carries before it a.quantity of fresh air from the surface, and this, of course, displaces the foul arc! dangerous air from the bottom. ? The editor of an Illinois paper thinks fish? ing, as o rule, don't pay. "We stood it all day in the river last week,'7 he says, "but caught nothing?until we got home." I The Southern Historical Convention. A Convention of prominent Confederates", called by the Southern Historical Society, con? vened at the .Montgomery White Sulphur Springs, on Thursday, 14th of August. Ex Gov. Letcher was chosen- President of tho Convention, and delegates from twelve States were enrolled. South Carolina was represented by Gen. M. C. Butler and Maj. C. H. Suber. The Convention was in session for several days, and tho deliberations resulted in the transaction of much important business. The Cornmitte 2 on the appointment of per? manent officers for the Southern Historical Society, which is hereafter to be located at Richmond, reported the following names, and the report was adopted, viz: President, Gen. J. A, Early, of Virjrinia; Secretary, Col. George W. Munford, of. Virginia; Vice Presidents, Hon. R. M T. Hunter, of Virginia; Gen. J. R, Trimble, of Maryland; Ex-Governor Vance, of North Carolina; Gen. Butler, of South Caro? lina ; Gen. Colquitt, of Georgia ; Admiral Senames, of Alabama; Gen. Hood, of Louisi? ana ; Col. Jack, of Texas; Ex-Governor Har? ris, of Tennessee; Gen. Buckner, of Kentucky; Gen. Marmaduke, of Missouri; ? Hon. A. H. Garland, of Arkansas; Gen. Martin, of Missis? sippi; Col. W. Call, of Florida; Hon. W. W. Corcoran, of District of Columbia. The Committee on Business made a report, which was adopted. The chief object of the association seems to be to preserve the records ana incidents of the war, and the report pro? vides for the collection" of: 1, The histories of the Southern States; 2, files of newspapers, periodicals and magazines; 3, geological, agri? cultural and commercial reports; 4, sermons and speeches relating to the late war; 5, official reports; 6, the military mass; 7. reports of mu? nitions and arms; 8, reports of adjutant gen? erals ; 9, naval operations; 10, operations of the nitre and mining bureau; 11, commercial oper? ations ; 12, foreign relations; 13, currency; 14. medical statistics; 15, names of officers and men; 16, names of wounded and dead; 17, re? ports relating to. civil prisoners; 18, all matters relating to "treatment of diseases;" 19, con? duct of the hos tile armies; 20, Southern poet? ry, ballads and songs. The resolutions adopted* provide: 1. That Richmond be adopted as the locality of the parent association, with auxiliary socie? ties in States a ad districts; 2. That the society proceed to elect officers with the objects and purposes set forth in the report; 3. That' the organization retain its present basis; 4. Each vice president ex-officio president of the State society; 5. The secretary to have a fixed salary; 6. That the society adopt some financial plan to carry out the purposes of the organization; 7. That the fee for annual members be three dollars, life members fifty dollars: 8.' That the publication of material collected be made by magazines or occasional volumes of transac? tions. During the progress of the Convention, a number of interesting addresses were delivered, ! furthering the objects of the Historical Society, and recognizing t ie importance of perpetuating a true history of the recent war. We select at random from our exchanges summary of re? marks made by Gen. Jubai A. Early, Admiral Semmes and Ex-President Davis, preserving the order in which they were delivered. In introducing General Early, Governor Letcher said that be was as remarkable for intellectual vigor as for heroic gallantry during the war. General Early was greeted, with loud ap* plause when he came forward. After a cordial welcome to his comrades from other States, he spoke ably for the Importance of preserving the truth of history in general, and of the late war in particular. He denied that success is a criterion of right, and cited various historic examples in refutation of this theory. He de? nied the proposition that we had submitted everything to the arbitrament of the sword, and bad lost all, e nd drew a vivid and amusing ficture of the newly-pledged loyalist trying to eep step to the music of "John Brawn's Soul is Marching On." He believed that a day of retribution to the North would come, and that the present demoralized condition of the poli? tics of the country was but a token of the coming storm. The South cannot escape the' verdict of history.. We will go down to pos? terity either as rebels and traitors or as patriots, and we must see to it that the accord is right. He would not trust either our enemies or the non-combatants among ourselves to tell the story for posterity. He alluded to various misrepresentations on the part*of Northern historians, and dwelt especially upon the claim they make that the Confederates outnumbered the Federals in nearly every battle of the war. He scathingly reviewed the claim of McClellan that Lee outnumbered him before Richmond, and of Gen. Humphrey that Lee outnumbered Meade at Gettysburg?triumphantly refuted them by facts, and figures, and said that he wondered that some Northern man did not claim that Lee outnumbered Grant at Appo mattox. He qu ot-id from Halleck's and Pope's dispatches illustrations of how Northern his? tory is manufactured. He was very severe up? on so-called Southern histories written by non combatants, facetiously showed the difference between fighting battles on paper and in the field, and insisted that the true history of the war is yet to be written by Southern men who fought it. He insisted that we had examples of true heroism unsurpassed in all tho annals of history, and touchingly compared the.devo tion or"?a Southern mother in the Valley of Moorfield, who devoted a noble boy to the service of the country, with the story of Cor? nelia the mother of the Gracchi. He admitted that there was a dark side to the picture in the lives of those who skulked during the war, and of those who, with a good war record, had deserted to the ensmy since the war; but elo? quently argued that a people who had given t% the world Stonewall Jackson, Albert Sydney Johnston, and Robert E. Lee, with living men worthy to be their compeers, need not fear'to have their true hiiitory given to the world. He said that this Convention was called to put on foot some plan by which these grand ends can be accomplished. ^ The above is a bare outline, ffd gives only a very imperfect idea of General Early's address, which abounded in good things, and was frequently interrupted with rapturous ap plause. Gen. Early called the Society to order and introduced Admiral Semmes. The Admiral said he felt the honor in being the first to ad? dress the Society. He would submit a paper in vindication of himself. He said his snip (the Alabama) bad been called a pirate and a buccaneer, but he would show that she was a regular ship-of-war, commissioned by proper authority. The Alabama had warrants for all she did, and her conduct was fully justified by precedents from the United States. He said that on the first proposition he would say but little, and would confine himself chiefly to the second. He said the United States had ap Slied to English builders for ships before ho id, but that the Confederate authorities of? fered more. He said the Alabama had been armed and commissioned on the high seas. The whole question involved in the Alabama complications was discussed elaborately, ovin ring the most accurate information and learn? ing. After leaving the legal argument, he went into a citation of various precedents fur? nished by the action of the United States in the war of 1776 and 1812. He said the Ala? bama had done nothing more than the naval authorities of the United States had directed in innumerable instances. There were grave charges against him, one was that he burned captured ships without authority of law; also, that he had -violated his parole, and that he had foreigners on his ship. He refuted all these charges by indisputable facts and > argu? ments. He said he was imprisoned to make an example, and was confined four months while the United States authorities were hunt? ing up the evidence to convict him. He said that while the Alabama was built in England she was American all over. What our sires had done in their day, their sons had done in their day. The war is ended. If the nation exists we have but one history. England has but one history. She had no history of the Red and the White Roses. Our Confederate history will live for a generation or more. In five hundred years there will be no history of the Confederate States, but of the whole coun? try. Let us, then, preserve our records and archives. Our Society must not be sectarian. If our government is to be a government of the majority, without constitutional restric? tions, our days are numbered; and when that day comes we will be vindicated ? and honored for our struggle for constitutional liberty, and if we come back to the old form of constitu? tional government our course will commend itself unto all men. We are destined to be- j come a people with one history. - Let us show I magnanimity. If fame has been gained on either side, let us perpetuate it. Let us pursue that moderate course, and give credit where credit is due. By the standard of truth he was willing to be judged. The conclusion of his address was eloquent and touching. . He said the Alabama sleeps in the bosom of the British channel that sleep of death which her commander will sleep in a short time at most, as he trusts, in the bosom of his native soil. If history embalms the struggle of the old thirteen colonies, so it will embalm- our own immortal struggle. His address greatly im? pressed the large and appreciative audience. There was no bitterness, but an able, temper ate, conclusive vindication of the truth of history. Hon. Jefferson Davis addressed the Southern ?Historical Convention, in session at Montgom? ery White Sulphur Springs, to-day. He was introduced by Gov. Xetcher, and received standing, amid great applause. He returned thanks for this hearty welcome to Virginia, where he has always felt welcome, and whose brave men were only excelled in their deeds by the bravery and devotion of their women, whose zeal and heroism throughout the war he highly praised.. He spoke of the objects of the His? torical Society, and said that to write a true history it must be done by Southern men who { know the facts, and that all the material must be gathered for the purpose in the South, that I the action of the South iu the war and the causes that brought it on might be fairly laid I before mankind. He spoke of old Jubal Early as one who was ever faithful throughout the war, and as being the proper man to carry out this great object. He said we had been more cheated .than conquered by- the declarations of the Federal President, Congress and Generals, for there never could have been a surrender had we anticipated what followed, and we would to-day nave been free. He still had hope of the South, and because, whatever might happen, he never vet had seen a recon? structed woman, dbd while the men of to-day vere mightier1 than the principles for which they had struggled, he hoped the children who were to succeed them would grow up to main? tain and perpetuate them, and redeem all that we had lost. His remarks contained no senti? ments of hostility to the Federal Government, but evinced an earnest devotion to constitu? tional liberty, for which the South bad ' atrug . gled. He was listened to with deep interest and frequently applauded. A resolution, offered by Admiral Semmes, that his Excellency President Grant be request? ed to permit the secretary of this society to examine all papers in the archives of the gov? ernment, captured by the Federal forces from the Confederates during the war, and to make copies of such of them as he may think fit, was adopted. The Convention then adjourned, and the Historical Society met. A resolution was adopted admitting ladies who had lost relatives iu the war to member? ship. The Society then adjourned, to meet in Richmond at the call of the President. The Chance of being Stbuc* by Light? ning.?The Hartford Oburanl has been figuring up the chances of being struck by lightning, and arriyes at the following re-assuring re? sults : 'Taking the figures of the last census report for our facts, we Bud that during the year 1870 there were in the whole country 202 deaths from lightning stroke. Let womankind take notice that out of these, 148 deaths were of males, and only 64 of females. The total num? ber of deaths from all causes were nearly 600, 000. There were 2,431 deaths from other causes to one death from lightning, and there were 190,883 persons living to every one killed by this cause. It is somewhat singular that the lightning was decidedly more destructive with both males and females between the ages of ten and thirtv years than w?any others. Between ten ana fifteen years is tne most fatal time, but even then the number is very small. Much comfort for those still inclined to be timorous is to be found in going back further on the record. The deaths by lightning in 1870 were only eleven more than in 1860, while the population had increased more than 7,000,000, and the rate is declining, in spite of the hasty conclusions formed by reading the news of a day. In 1860 there were forty-eight deaths by lightning out of every 100,000 deaths from all causes; in 1870 the rate was only for? ty-two. But now, while only 202 persons died from lightning-stroke in 1870, there were 397 deaths from sun-stroke, or nearly twice as many. Yet the number of persons who shud? der when they see the sun rise would bear a very small ratio to those who shudder at the rising of the thunder cloud. The rate of deaths by sun-stroke has declined during the decade from ninety-one to eighty-one in 100,000 from all causes ; and with the increase in care and information on the subject is likely to decrease still; but it will always probably be largely in excess of the lightning rate. It is also notice? able that there were 1,845 deaths by suicide, while there were only 202 by lightning?an in? dividual is six times as likely to kill himself as lightning is to kill him."* ? Most of the leading pastors of the New York churches abandon their congregations during the Bummer term. These "leading pas? tors" arc considered noblest among the faithful soldiers of Christ. But they run away from the burning rays of the sun. We always thought that it is a good soldier who sticks to his post in the hottest fire. And besides the devil takes no vacation in the "heated term." Food for Children. "She is such a dainty little thing I don't be I lieve she'll eat it," said the mother, as a plate of roast beef and nicely mashed potato was f)laced before her child. "She is such a dainty ittle thing?" echoed a female friend who sat near. So a piece of pound cake and of rich pastry was provided for the "dainty little thing," of which she made her dinner. This was at an open-air picnic, or camp-meeting rather, where everybody has, or ought.to have, a wholesome and sharp appetite, both for spir? itual and physical aliment. An hour after this occurrence, as we sat under the sermon, a brisk crackling in the rear caused us to look behind for a moment, and there Bat the "dainty little' thing" devouring candy at a rate that would give dyspepsia to an ostrich, and we wondered if that mother did really possess good common sense. When a child has no appetite for plain, wholesome. food., something is wrong in the brain of the mother. Why, look at the facts of the case. For the first six or eight years of a child's life it does nothing but sleep, eat, play and grow. The very law of growth and assimila? tion gives it a sharp craving for aliment, and the craving is fed by sound sleep and by con? stant activity ; unless its digestive organs have been tampered with by weak- and injudicious hands, there will nothing ail its appetite. Just here is the difficulty. To secure a brief respite candy or cake or pastry is put into the hands of the baby, until it cries for it, and will be satis? fied with nothing else. It may be that the foundation of this longing for sweets has been laid in infancy by mixing that abomination, soothing syrup, with the baby's milk, as is sometimes done by ignorant mother's so that the' child's digestive organs have been be? witched from its earliest infancy, and it never knew the bite of normal hunger, pr the satis? faction of a "good square meal." One can tell snch children by a glance at their teeth, as quickly as a jockey can tell th'e age of a horse by its teeth. iL shining row of unsustained pearls in a juvenile mouth is quick witness of whole? some and regular food, of early and long sleep, of sound and easy digestion, and every child ought to have just such an ivory mill. : The growing food is milk; this with vegeta? bles, fruit, bread, and mush of the various grains should constitute the principal portion of a child's nutriment. Many parents, we think unwisely, allow their children abundance of meat This makes the child restless and im patient of control; it has, in fact, the same ef? fect on children that corn has on young ani? mals. It makes them chafe to fro within their narrow bounds just as bears and tigers do in their iron cages. Graminivorous animals, the horse, the cow, the sheep, are mild aud docile, while the Carnivora are fierce, agile, and lean. Children who live on bread and milk and vege? tables will, as a general rule, be more amiable, more obedient and fuller in flesh than those who eat large quantities of meat Regularity in feeding children is of great importance. A child may form a habit of eating six or eight times a day, or it may learn to satisfy its appe? tite at the three regular meals. If these, how? ever, are more than five hours apart there should be a slight lunch between, long enough before the succeeding meal not to take the edge from the appetite. Sitting up late' at night, undue excitement and activity j ust before re? tiring, will get almost any child into a nervous condition, and thus create a morbid state of the body which will cause the appetite to crave unwholesome' food. Early to bed is a safe rule for everybody, especially for the young, and if they waken early, very^well, but by all means let them sleep their sleep out Very rapid growers and nervous children require more food than those who attain their growth slowly and are lymphatic in their temperament It seems to us almost cruel to waken a growing child out of sound sleep. As many parents depend on the services their children are able to ren? der, if the boys and girls'must be up early in the morning, they should be compelled to re? tire betimes. One reason why children clamor for cake and pie so much is doubtless, because the bread to which they are accustomed is so poor. It is tasteless, or sour, or stale, or heavy, or something beside sweet, light, and appeti? zing. We are sorry to believe that' in the ma? jority of families the bread is, as a rule, infe? rior in quality, and often positively bad. Those mothers who will have on their tables the best of bread will bear testimony that their children do not clamor for cake or dainties. We may profit by the example of royalty. The little princes and princesses of England and Germa? ny, according to report, do not have cake, or pie, or sweetmeats, or confectionery,* except now and theo, in very small quantities. They have abundance of plain, substantial food, ngt much meat plenty of fruit and vegetables, and it is a notable fact that not a young child has died in either of these royal families, nor has there ever been a severe illness in eifner of the royal~nurseries. The Beeret of this lies in the fact that the children are raised in strict obe? dience to the laws of life and health. They are not pampered with luxuries, nor enfeebled by indulgence, and, as a natural consequence, they are healthful iwd happy. When children "come down to the first prin? ciples," it is not difficult for them to eat suita? ble food, and sleep during the hours of dark? ness. Cake, pie, candy, sweetmeats are not food for children any more than coffee, tea, pickles, pepper, horseradish, and tobacco. Be? cause a mother can afford to raise her child on dainties is no reason why the child shouldn't eat as regular diet of wheaten bread, oatmeal mush, plain vegetables and fruits in its season. Fed on unwholesome stuff, of course the appe? tite fails, the child grows' thin and pale, and fretful, and the doctor is called in. A tonic is prescribed, iron, or something, dose follows dose, until the interior organs are chronically deranged, the teeth destroyed, and the child be? comes a permanently "delicate creature," for all which it is indebted to a want of informa? tion, common sense or firmness on the part of its mother. This is plain talkt but it is true. We shall need in the next generation, even more than now, men and women of physical and intellectual might and muscle. And we shall have them. But they will not come from luxurious nurseries, from groaning tables, from pampered households. Our future Anakim are running round out doors in calico and jeans; they eat plain food; they are not kept too clean; they are not afraid of sunshine or of shower, of winter snows or summer heats, for their parents protect their bodies against the inclemencies of the weather and inure them to exposure With the birds they go to rest, and with the birds awake. Thus living according to natural laws, they are laying up a fund of health and vitality from which to draw when the "Twelve Labors" are given them, to ac? complish. ? An old farmer at Harrisburg, Pa., has a wagon piled with lumber standing in his shed which has stood in tho same position for sixty one years. He was engaged to be married u.nd was building a home for his bride, but, on his return from an expeditidn to buy lumber, found a rival had married his lady love. He thereon made a vow*that his wagon, laden as-it was with lumber, should stand just as it was for all time. Virginia and Sonth Carolina. There is nothing like a contrast for showing things in tneir true colors. For seeing correct? ly the :sham beneficence of the Republican policy in the South and for judging the capac? ities of the two races for promoting good gov ernment in that section, there is no contrast more instructive than that which is presented between the State which has escaped with only a moderate taste of negro rule and the one to whose lips that bitter cup has been pressed the most remorselessly. In all that terrains to education, social stability, order, material pros? perity, and progress, Virginia under Democrat? ic rule has made rapid strides forward. South 'Carolina, sacrificed 'to savage negro rule to promote the selfish ends 01 the Republican party in retaining control of the National Government, has gone steadily backward in the scale of civilization, while ignorance, bru? tality, and corruption have usurped the high places which honesty and intelligence should Nothing can turn Virginia aside from a steady course of growth and prosperity except it be the humanly impossible event of a return to negro Republican rule. Nothing can raise South Carolina out of the slough of despond in which the State is sunk except it be the decay of negro rule, hastened by negro fatuity and folly. Of the carpet-bagger brood, some have left because, having mined the credit of the State, there was no plunder remaining for them, and others have been "driven out by the negroes, who holding full supremacy at the ipolls, now aspire to enjoy the offices. When the negroes shall have fully emancipated them? selves from the discipline of their white leaders and fall to quarrelling among themselves for the spoils or office and of public plunder, as they inevitably must, their day of power will have departed. This is perhaps the only hope for South Carolina, and it is a hope which is patiently entertained by those most familiar with the character of the negro. As if to give the lie direct to the wild stories of white hostility to the negroesrwhich Repub? lican journals have trumpeted through the North, the condition of the negro race in these two States now comes prominently into view. In Virginia, under white rule, the negroes enjoy all the rights conferred upon them by the laws without molestation.. They have public schools for the education of their children at the ex? pense of the white people, and are on the whole a -useful, law-abiding class of cltieens. In South Carolina) under negro rule, the ne Sroes are mainly given over to idleness'and cense, tDad many of them are sinking straight into the rot of barbarism. In Virginia the rights of the negroes arc secured not only by the laws of the United States, but by the laws of the State and by the glatform of the Democratic party. In South arolina the rights of the white man. are-sys? tematically violated, as is illustrated by the recent arrest and imprisonment of a white Sheriff and his posse on a charge of murder for the killing of a negro desperado who resist? ed arrest, and whom it was their duty to arrest dead or alive. With this contrast before them it Is time that Republicans should cease .to accuse the Demo? cratic party of hostility to the negroes. And when Republicans sustain Grant in his outrage upon Louisiana, let them say Ihat they do so in the interests of the Republican party, and not in the interests of humanity or civilisation. ?Neva York World, mm ?> >?<??? - Mixed Husbandry fob, the South i?The New York World descants as follows upon the condition of affairs in the South: It is one of the most hopeful signs of the times relative to the agricultural regeneration of-the South, that planters are beginning in earnest to see the necessity and the economy of utilizing more of their fertile lands for food production. The tax they pay the Northwest for food (corn and-bacon especially) that they . can produce themselves is enormous, It-is increased by the fact that too many of them run in debt for their food. They anticipate and hypothecate the returns from their own Sroducts. They live faster than they produce, hey do not buy for cash.- They are paying enormously for the food they eat and the clothes they wear and the fertilizers they use because they do not have the cash to buy with*' Practically, resulting from the peculiar condi? tion in which the war left them financially, this may have been necessary, or seemed so. But after six or seven years there ought to have been accumulations enough, had careful econo? my obtained, to have enabled the planter-to live within his means and' pay for wbai he finds necessary to purchase when he purchases. Otherwise the bad is steadily becoming worse in almost geometrical ration If less cotton is grown and more corn, wheat, and live stock, the cotton will be appreciated in value in pro? portion to its scarcity, and the other crops will place the planter independent of cotton brokers, and provision dealers. If a few planters, when'? "every body is going into cotton neavy," would ignore it and turn their plantations to the pro? duction of provision crops to which their soil and climate mav be adapted, giving them the same careful culture they do cotton, they will find they will make more in a series of years. Mixed husbandry is, or may be made, just as Sro fit able in the South as anywhere else. The forthwest is groaning under its surplus of corn to-day ,* suppose a less area of corn and more of wheat, barley, &c, (with live stock in pro? portion,) had been sown there wculd have been far less suffering on account of low prices and exorbitant transportation rates. Ax Extra Session?There seems to be no doubt that the General Assembly of the State will be convened in extra Bession between the 15th and 20th of October next, for the reason, as alleged by the State officials, that an extra session is necessary in order to pass the tax levy for the fiscal vear ending November 1st, 1874. Under the "law, as it now stands, the taxes for each fiscal year are payable on or be? fore the 15th of November, and as the regular session does not begin until a late day in No? vember, the passage of the tax-levy, in time to enable the tax-payers to meet the requirements of the law, has been found to be impracticable. At the last session the joint resolution, author? izing the tar-levy for the fiscal year com? mencing November 1st, 1872, was not ap? proved until the 20th of December of that year, and hence it was found necessary to pass an act postponing the collection of taxes until March of the ensuing year. The extra session is, therefore, to be convened for the purpose of passing the tax-levy for the fiscal year com? mencing November 1, 1873, in order to facili? tate the collection of the taxes for that year at the time fixed by law, viz: the loth of Novem? ber. In addition to this the subject of the State debt is to be discussed; but this will not be touched upon until the tax question shall be settled.?Charleston News and Courier. ? The blossom cannot tell what becomes of its odor, and no mau can tell what becomes of his influence and example, that roll away from, him and go beyond his ken on their perilous mission.