The Anderson intelligencer. (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, February 27, 1873, Image 1
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HOYT & CO., Proprietors.
ANDERSON 0. H., S. O, THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 27, 1873.
VOLUME VHL?NO. 34.
For the Anderson Intelligencer.
Proposals for a Co :ton Factory In Greenville.
?*Jt is proposed to raise toe necessary capital,
stock, and to build and operate a Cotton Fac?
tory and Wheat and. Corn Mills, at a water
power belonging to Mr. H. P. Hammett, on
Sal?da River, eleven ntiles below the city of |
Greenville, and within one-half mile of the
track of the Greenville and Columbia Railroad.
It is proposed to build a Factory of, say,
6,600 spindles and 200 looms, and make it a
first-class'mlll, usiug all the modern improve?
ments which experience has proven to be ne?
cessary for the production of the best quality
of goods at fche leastcost The water-power is'|
ample''for not only the proposed factory and
mills,' but; tor any enlargement and extensions'
that may ever be desired by 'the company. It |
is the opinion of thas8'*e?ilified by experience
to judge of such matters, that it is unsurpassed
by any in the world, for efficiency and cheap?
ness of application, and the buildings erected
at it will be free froci danger of damage by
freshets.
About six hundred acres of land is connected
with it, controlling the entire privilege on both
sides of the river, and extending to the track
of the railroad^ where the land is favorable for
the construction of a turnout and depot, which
the -Railroad Oompany proposes to do as soon
as it is wanted for the work. It,is easily ap?
proached from both sides of the river, so that I
good roads may be made to and from it The.
proposed factory, with the machinery, together i
with the wheat and corn'mills, operatives and )
store-houses,. and all the necessary appurte?
nances, is estimated to cost about $170,000;
then add 180,000 f?r^cpmmercial capitali will
make the capital stock $200,000. One-half of |
this sum would be called for during the first
year, and the balance afterwards, because it I
would be best cot to start more than one-half)
of ther machinery- at first, so as to organize the
labor, and to add the balance afterwards
as circumstances favored It. The company I
wouldbe incorporated* under the general incor-1
po ration laws of -this State, or by a special act
of :the '?[>egi8!ature, as might be thought best,
and stock issued by it in shares of one hun?
dred dollars each, so as to place it within.the
reach of all to take stock ia it.
The.location is as healtby as any part of. the
world,. There is-au abundance of good mate?
rial in the. surrounding cou n try for operatives,
whose condition would be materially improved
and'their characters elevated by employment
in such a mill; besides, they would become
producers and valuable members of society.?
The children, loo small to work in the factory,
would have educational' advantages, and- the
families ehnveh privileges, equal to those of
any of the surrounding tillages. The location
is also a good,one for a mercantile house. The
surrounding1 country ia a good farming region,
settled by au.iutelhgentand thrifty population.
Nearly, if not quite, all the cotton used by the
factory could be bought direct from the produ
cers, delivered at the factory, and save freight
and commissions ro -buying-and delivering it
The importance' that woo Id attach to the place
in consequence of the cotton market, store,
nriHs, village and depot, would soon make it a
general place of resort and trade by the sur
rounding population.
The consumption of cotton by the factory
would be about 2,900 bales annually, which* at
15 cents, per pound, would cost $150,000, and at
least $50,000 would be paid to the operatives
for wages, which wonld be an income to toe
country ?round the factory. The product of
the factory would be about three million yards
of "cloth per annum, which, at the present aar?
ket price, would bring ?330,000; the net profits
upon which would also be added to the net iu
come of the country.
The advantages which .the South possesses
over the North for manufacturing the coarser
fabrics made of cotton, arj admitted by all the
manufacturers of the North, and is estimated
by^em fo'amounVto at' Teast ten per cent, in
favor of It$*ftS?*<t?i*&especWiy 'tree of
this particular section, ia consequence of its
peculiar advantages, with its' abundant water
power, healthy climate, cheap living, and con?
sequently cheap labor; with the btiP material
produced iu our icidstj and the existing and
projecting railroads, furnishing cheap and
prompt transportation to all (be great markets
and toi every* ifectiofl of tbo'coifntry. Small
factories cannot return the same profits upon
the capital invested in them as larger ones, be?
cause their profits are largely absorbed in the
salaries of skilled laborers, superintendents and
managers, which are not materially increased
by increasing the quantity of machinery and
the" product of the factory.
The follo'.Ying is an approximate estimate of
the results of .such a factory an is contemplated
in the "foregoing, at the present market values
of the raw material and the goods. Of coarse
all etdafato3jOT th?<haracter are conjectural,
but iHfey are not irfeicess' *of the Mala now
being acco^^ed^y o^ef:large factories in
the Sout& that are favorably located and. well
mauaged, aad the stock of all of them are now
selling in the markets for large premiums over
their par value, and it is; helieved that - this lo?
cality, for-the reasons givan above, has advan?
tages not surpassed by any of them. The an?
nual production,. expenses- and profits, with
good management,, should approximate the
following:
3,000,000 yds.J Shirtings, at 11 cents
per yard..^5./:.>.'v^.../.....i..t.$30,000
900,000 ftfi., the/weight of Goods.
112,500 tbs., the weight of.~W?ste.,
_ 1^7
1,012.500tts., weight of Cotton,
at 1? cents...............$181,250
Manufacturing and taxes on
900,000 lbs. of Goods, at 7
cents....j.. 63,000
Freight on 900,000 lbs. Goods
toNew York, at 1 cent...... 9,000
Commissions and expenses in
selling $330,000 worth of
Goods in New York, at 6
per cent. 19,800
-$273,050
Profil from one year's operations.. $56,950 j
This is 28i per cent on a capital of $200,000.
In this no estimate is made for profits to be de?
rived from wheat and corn mills and store; the
profits from which may be set aside to' meet
contingencies that may arise, such as repairs,
Ac.; and an allowance is also made for freights
and: commissions for selling the whole product
in"JJew York, when it is expected that a con?
siderable portion would be sold direct to the
trade from the factory, and rave both freights
and commissions. Another reason why enter?
prises of this .character offer superior induce?
ments to invest in them is, that our section of
the country is in a prosperous condition, f nan
ciatly. Good crops have been made, which
have been Bold at good prices. The culture of
cotton is largely on tbe increase, and capital is
accumulating; which must naturally seek in?
vestment somewhere. If invested in enter?
prises of this character, the country will be
largely benefitted by it?a large number of
operatives will be furnished with lucrative em?
ployment and made producers, their labor being
paid for by consumers elsewhere, and the pro?
duct of both their labor and the return upon
the capital invested, is left with us, enriching
the country to that extent, and adding to the
general prosperity. In that way, and no other,
has New England grown rich and powerful,
financially, because they have been producers
and we consumer;. We have paid for their
skilled labor, and from their course and success
we should learn a useful lessson.
Persons favorably impressed with the fore?
going enterprise, and who may desire to take
stock in it, can do 10 by applying to either of
the undersigned.
H. P. HAMMETT,
.HAMLIN BEATTIE,
JAMES BIRNIE,
ALEX. McBEE,
THOS. C. GOWEK
Greenville, S. V., February 7,1873.
For the Anderson intelligencer.
Independence of Thought and Action.
It is r. lamentable fact that.but few young
men of our country have the courage to assert
their manhood, by forming their own opinions
and being governed by them. Should they, by
any course of reasoning, come to correct opin?
ion, they permit the influence of parents and
of the outside world to have more influence
over.them, and consequently neglect to act in
conformity to their own, perhaps, well grounded
opinions. This should not be the case. The
mind should be free from all influences, ex?
cept those of sound, practical and substantial
reasoning. Prejudice, nor external influence,
Other than facts -which are necessary to the
subject that may be under consideration, should
never be brought to bear upon the mind. Few
of our young men ever reach a point of prom?
inence or distinction, from the fact that they
permit outside influences to keep them down.
No person should be blamed for his sentiments,
if he is honest in.tbem, no matter upon what
subject or question.
A young man before making up his mind on
any question, let it be a question of religion,
politics, or a mere question of interest in some
more privatc'busiuess, should possess himself
with the facts, and then decide; and when he
has made his decision, not permit the influence
of others to cause him to prove false to his
ovu convictions. Too many of our young
men have not the chance of exercising their
own judgment on matters that are of momen?
tous weight to them, but are forced by parents
and others to take hold of and entertain senti?
ments that perhaps would be repugnant'to
diem, if permitted to use some reasoning and
their own judgment;, after they arrive to that
age that they are enable to judge and act for
themselves. It is not denied that influences
should be brought to bear upon the mind of
the young, but it should be an influence en?
tirely free of prejudice, and such an influence
as will good, work out, and teach the youth
that he is responsible for his own opinions and
acts.
Let this course be. pursued by parents and
by., the older mea of our country in dealing
with the young men, and there will soon be a
marked difference in the aspect of things
around us. The opinions of individuals will
be more readily exchanged, the opinions of
others treated, more respectfully, more energy
exerted in all matters of common interest,
topics of interest more heartily discussed,
sound and practical reasoning will have more
weight, and consequently sounder principles
entertained. Let this course be pursued, and
the young men will soon assert their manhood,
and learn to think for themselves, judge for
themselves, act for themselves; and ere many
years shall have passed, knowledge and infor?
mation on all topics of interest be more gene?
rally, diffused throughout the country, more
?energy exerted, and our country more prosper?
ous. Tbe first principle to be instilled into the
mind of man, is the motto of one of old, viz :
?'Every man is the architect of his own for*
tunes." Let the young man fully comprehend
the meaning of this motto, and be taught to
act accordingly, and he will learn to build for
himself*a reputation, and will do it by think?
ing and actiug independently. When man is
ful:y worked up to the point of independence
in thought and action, then we may be enabled
to exclaim truly, "Man is the noblest work of j
~ The San Diego (Cal.) Union says that ex-1
tensive sponge beds have been found at LaSol-1
la, on the San Diego coast. Most of the i
sponge of commerce is procured from the Med?
iterranean Sea, more especially about the
Islands of the Archipelago and in the Levant.
The principal sponge market in the world is
Smyrna, in Asia Minor. Sponges of good
quality are found on the count of Florida, but
the fishing has never been extensively prosecu?
ted there. The new discovery in California
will uo doubt be of importance to commerce.
For l/iCjAndcrson Intelligencer.
SYMPATHY.
When troubles come like rolling wavos,
Enshrouding hearts, with gloom,
When hope like vapor flees;away,
And darkness hides the light of day,
While shadows darkly loom,
One word of love in kindness spoken,
May heal a heart, although 'tis broken.
When fa: th is crushed, and hope is dead,
Ambition stricken down and bleoding,
The proud young life bowed to tho dust,
No"peac*ful rest, no living trust,
While friendsjarojfast receding,
One look might burst the frightful thrall,
And cau ;e a triumph over all.
Although the future dark and blank,
May rr=ock the happy past,
While phantoms strange distract the brain,
And ner/es are drawn with unknown pain,.
That must forever last!
One act might throw bright rays of light
Upon tho cheerless, bitter blight.
Is friendship really but a name?
Is sympathy a_tale just told?
The world wears such a smiling face
So beautiful, so full of grace
How cun it be all cold?
Must each one bear his cross alone?.
Echo answers with a groan.
? _LULA.
For the Anderton Intelligencer.
The Fn poTtance of Latin and Greek.
The Greek and Latin languages are not only
so thoroughly interwoven into the structure of
our preset: t English, aud especially into the
technicolojjy of its scientific departments, as
I to be indispensable elements of preparatory
j education, but also regarded as mental discip
I liners, they are scarcely less important; for the
primary object of all preparatory education is
j the trainiu ; and discipline of the mental pow
j era, It it teaching to think, rather than
filling the mind with thinkable matter. The
mind doe: hold knowledge as a bushel tub
holds grain, but holds it by the links of classi?
fied and associated thought. An educated man
has no more knowledge in his mind than any
other man; but he sits at the centre of many
lines of radiating thought, and can run out
upon them with more promptness aud facility.
He has velocity rather than capacity. The.
mind is a unit, and its knowlet -9 i& its versa?
tility in appropriating and utilLing everything
with which it comes in contact. Memory is a
mode of action, and not a separate organ, as
the hand or foot is of the body. It is the mind
itself, running on the track of its past experi?
ences. The mind commences with any thought,
whatever it may be, and runs out from it as a
centre, with inconceivable velocity, in all di?
rections. To increase this power of linking
thought to thought, this wonderful versatility
of active thinking, by which the mind makes
its own bridges of associated ideas as it goes, is
the primary object of all education.
It has dc ne a great and irreparable injury to
human learning that ever the figure of the
mind's capacity?like that of a box or barrel?
has been insisted upon. It has retarded the
progress of preparatory education immensely,
by inducing an effort to fill the mind with
heterogene jus matter unclassified. Hence the
the common saying?"he has forgotten almost
all he ever knew." To forget was unavoidable.
The mind vas not taught to run over a track
of associat :d thought, or along a blazed vista
through the forest, and therefore could not
easily find the way it went before, which is the
power of memory. If everything is taken to a
child, he will remain a weakling; but if be is
induced to run out and get for himself, his
power of getting will be greatly increased.
Preparatory education is a stimulating force,
rather than a supply of matter brought to
hand; and the progress of a boy is known, not
so much by what he has gathered, as by the
speed of his thinking?i. e., associating thought.
The disciplinary power of the ancient lan?
guages, (which is a thing wholly distinct f.-om
their literary lore,) consists in their very rich
and very extensive field of interpretative
thought. .Fust as an arithmetical problem
puts the m nd to active search in all directions
to find tho track of its solution, so a Latin
sentence stimulates the miud to active search
for the track in which the author has run.
Sentence a 'tcr sentence thus constitutes a high?
ly stimulative chase ;? and as each thought or
truth or far t is thus overtaken in pursuit, the
prize itself is not worth so much as the pleas?
ing and improving pursuit. The power of in?
terpretation enters into all studies, all busi?
ness, all modes of communicating thought. It
is to find ti e labyrinthine course in which the
human mind is wont to run. It is to trace
man?whe her Greek, Roman, American, Turk
or Tartar?to his habits and habitudes, aud
know all his haunts and nature. The laws by
which hun.an language is made to reveal the
thoughts and feelings of men are infallible and
of universal application. In cultivating the
power of interpretation, the Greek and Latin
languages atand pre-eminent. *
South Carolina Railroad.?The annual
convention, of the stockholders of the South
Carolina Railroad will bo held in April, aud
tbe indications are that the fight for the con?
trol of the company, commenced last year in
Charleston, will be renewed with increased
vigor. The leader of tho opposition this year,
as last, will probably be Mr. John H. James,
of Atlanta. This gentleman has been actively |
at work procuring proxies from stockholders
and promt-. if his plan proves successful, im?
mediate dividends. The other wing of the
stockholders endorses the present management,
and regards the Georgian s schemes with dis?
favor and distrust. The report of the Direct?
ors shows an increase of gross receipts in 1872,
over the previous year, 01 $75,000, with a de?
crease iu operating expenses of $23,000. The
net earning of 1872 are larger than the net
earnings of 1871 by one hundred thousand
dollars. The friends of the management assert
i that this result has been obtained in the face
j of the sharpest and severest competition, and
I despite the efforts of rival lines combined to
' crush the company.
Immigration the Paramount Need of the
South.
The address of Be v. 0. W. Howard on
the subject of Immigration, delivered before
the Agricultural Convention in Augusta, Ga.,
and to which allusion was made in our edito?
rial remarks last week, is too Jengthy for our
columns, but we cannot omit the publication
of the document entirely, and herewith present
an extract which embodies the conclusions of
Mr. Howard on the subject under considera?
tion :
It is asked, "How can we invite foreigners
to come into the State when so many of our
own people are leaving it?" Much depends
upon the class of persons who are going out,
and the class of persons whom we invite to
come in. The exodus of our white population
from the upper counties is fearfully great.
The emigrants are almost entirely of the ten?
ant and laboring class. To those men the en?
countering of the rough life of a new country
is rather a pleasure than a hardship. They are
born, as it were, with an axe in their bands
The lands upon which they have been living
are worn; the third of the crop will not sup?
port them, and the owner of the soil cannot
afford to pay them remunerative wages under
the present system of farming. Having saved
a little money they prefer to buy cheap lands
iu the West, and clear it for themselves.
They leave the old lands precisely in condition
to be used to advantage by the foreigner of
small means, who understands perfectly how to
make a poor acre rich, although he does not
understand how to reclaim a rich acre from the
woods. We would invite the attention of small
European farmers to these lands. Where the
owners are unwilling to sell, they can well af?
ford to pay higher wages than they have been
in the habit of paying, to laborers who under?
stand grass growing and stock raising, because
under this system so little tabor, comparative?
ly, is required. In short, it is the pioneers, the
frontiersmen, who are going out; it is skillful,
intelligent European farmers that we wish to
come in their place. Although the first cost
of these lands would be greater than that of
wild Government lands, the actual cost at the
end of the year would be less, as can be made
to appear by an intelligent agent. Although a
portion of our people are leaving us, there is
nothing inconsistent in inviting another and
different class of persons from abroad to take
their places.
Reference is sometimes made to the failures
in the recent importations of Swedes. These
have been owing to several causes. The aub
agents employed, were indifferent as to the
character of the immigrants. The unreasona?
bleness on our part of expecting that ignorant
people should be contented to receive no wa?
ges, whatever may have been the advance in
their behalf, while othfer laborers were receiv?
ing wages. A Mr. Grant, a philanthropic
English gentleman, who has lately bought 69,
000 acres of land iu Kansas, says that those
people who must leave their own country, and
who cannot afford to pay their own passage,
are not the people to build up a new country.
He therefore sold his lands to Englishmen of
moderate means, who can buy small farms.
This is sound sense sustained by our own ex?
perience. If a foreigner who has arrived at
mature years has not saved money enough to
pay his cheap passage to this couutry, he is not
likely to be of use to us, if we have to pay his
passage. The failure in this case of the ma?
jority of the Swedes proves only that we have
made a mistake as to the mode, and not as to
the facts of immigration.
The objection to immigration which appears
to have most weight is based upon the fear
that a larger influx of foreigners would so in?
crease the cotton crop as to diminish its value
per pound. This fear is groundless, for the
following reasons: Foreign farm laborers will
not work for the wages which the cotton plant?
er according to the present system can afford to
pay, when he knows what wages he can get
iu the Northwest. He will not live in ordinary
negro bouses, nor will he submit to plantation,
fare. Every attempt to substitute the foreign
laborer for the negro on a cotton plantation has
been and will continue to be a failure. We do
not desire or design ordinary farm laborers.
From the very nature of things the cotton
planters fears are groundless.
But he should remember there are other
things to be done besides planting cotton.
There are four crops which may be made to
equal in value the cotton crop without dimu?
nition of that crop. The hay' crop, the live
stock crop, the wool crop and the corn crop.
These several branches of industry the for?
eigner understands, and in conducting them be
can receive as good, wages as are given in the
Northwest. Besides, we want foreign capital
I and skilUW^abor to make use of our water
I power in toymanufacture of cotton, thus giv?
ing to the cotton planter the benefit of a cotton
market at his own door. I could wish to see
I the day when not a bale of raw unmanufac?
tured cotton was exported from the South.
I . It has been possible only to glance at the ob?
jections to immigration. But I. trust that the
points of reply are sufficiently distinct.
In regard to direct trade through a line of
ocean steamers, I must be very much governed
by the opinions of others better informed than
myself. To determine the prajtiuibility of es?
tablishing such a line requite* a knowledge of
commercial and maritime affairs which I do
not possess. Gentlemen who arc well informed,
and whose opinions are worthy of all weight,
assure us that such a line would be remunera?
tive. But that as we must use foreign steam?
ers, and as capital is limited, it will be neces?
sary for the State to give a guarantee against
loss for a given period.
One thing is certain : Such a line is almost
indispensable to an immigration which would
be really valuable. The immigrant who lands
at Castle Garden is almost certainly lost to us,
in consequence of the misrepresentation of our
condition to which he will be subjected. If we
desire the introduction of foreign capital and
skilled labor, direct communication with Eu?
rope seems to be an indispensable condition
precedent.
It is with regret that I have heard that the
remark has been snceringly made that this is
a scheme of Savannah to obtain a line of
steamers at the public expense. This is un?
kind, and more foolish than unkind. Savan?
nah is, in a sense, the mouth of the State. The
human body might as well refuse sustenance
because it enters at the mouth instead of being
absorbed by the pores. My homo is among the
mountains of Georgia. The intelligence that
a lino of steamers will ply regularly between
j our ports and Europe, giving us a reasonable
hope of the introduction of the capital and
skilled labor for want of which we suffer so
much, will be received by the people of my
section with a thrill of joy.
The bills before the Legislature of Georgia
contemplate the inauguration of measures of
direct trude and immigration on a broad and
! extensive scale. In our impoverished state,
' nothing but urgent necessity would justify the
necessary expense. That necessity is upon us,
not self-imposed, but forced. The State is sink
' iug daily, our lands decreasing iu value, our
laboring population leaving us, our farms in?
creasingly thrown out to grow up in jungle,
and our public credit daily sinking. This is no
jeremaid. It is a simple, sad statement of
facts. Anxiously have I pondered the subject.
I can see no remedy but the introduction of
foreign capital and skilled labor. Poor as we
are, if it be necessary to spend money to secure
this result, spend it. It is wise for the poorest
man to spend ten dollars, if he has it, to secure
one hundred dollars. Public representative
bodies who expend money, however wisely, Tn
unaccustomed directions, are always subject of
cavil by the ignorant or quarrelous.
When the Legislature of New York, under
the lead of DeWitt Clinton, determined upon
the construction of the Erie Canal, a clamor
was raised against this wasteful expenditure of
the public money. Those who clamored have
been forgotten, but the name of DeWitt Clin?
ton lives, as one of the greatest benefactors of
that great State.
Wheu the Georgia Legislature passed the
bill to construct the Western and Atlantic Rail*
road, it was stigmatized as a mad scheme to
build a road which "began nowhere and ended
nowhere." What would Georgia be this day
without it? It is now.an.honor to be able to
say: I was a member of the Legislature which
created that road.
If the body now in session would adopt mea?
sures which shall bring to us foreign capital
and skilled labor, in a short time the murmurs
of discontent will cease, and, as the fruits be?
gin to appear, will be followed by the plandits
of an approving and grateful constituency.
Before the convention of the Georgia State
Agricultural Society rises, I hope that in the
warmest and strongest manner the members
will pledge themselves to sustain the noble
spirits in the Legislature who are devoting
themselves to this great purpose. If the bills
fail now let them be introduced again. Let
their motto, and ours, be agitate I agitate 1 ag?
itate I until these great wants are supplied.
After these dry, and perhaps wearisome details,
indulge me in a moment of sentiment.
Georgia-is the child of immigration. Many
years since, as I stood by the tomb of Ogle
thorpe, the founder of Georgia, accompanied
by two of his servants, each more than ninety
years of age, the thought occurred to me that
could that great and good man rise from the
grave, cross the Atlantic and revisit his little
settlement at Yaniacraw, with what delight he
would witness the result of his labors?a beau?
tiful city, with every feature of his original
plan religiously preserved ; a stately Common?
wealth, with a population healthy, virtuous,
intelligent and refined, happy in their homes,
happy under wise and equal laws.
But since that day there has been a change.
The State has been swept over by an enemy,
who, as a weapon of war, preferred the torch
to the sword?burning dwellings, churches
and school houses; carrying on a cheap contest
with women and non-combatants, in which
starvation was the chief implement of torture.
The tranquil scene of former years is chang?
ed into one of deep auxiety. Without our ac?
customed labor, without money, with impaired
credit, with increased responsibilities, with the ,
heavy haud of the Government bearing us
down, we stagger under the burden.
Would that another Oglethorpe might arise;
who, in this our hour of necessity, should
bring again the capital and muscle of Europe j
to assist in our defense. Defense against what
and whom ? Not as of yore, against the beast
of the forest?they have disappeared as the
forest was laid low. Not against the merciless
savage?he has passed away in the dim and
distant West. Not against the Spaniard?he
has lost foothold upon the Continent. But
against men of our own race and religion,
speaking the same language, living nominally
under the same laws and the same government;
against the finger of scorn and the encroach?
ments of a power with which might is right.
Assist in our defense ? How and in what man?
ner? By the arms and munitions of war? By
shot and shell? By cannon and musketry?
Oh, no! Far be the day when grim visaged
war shall again show bis horrid front among
us. But by the omnipotent arts of prosperous
peace, arts omnipotent as is the sun, whose
genial rays melt the very bolts of Winter,
penetrates and warms' the frozen earth, vivify
the tdrpid seeds, paint their leaves with the
emerald verdure of the Spriug and then the
golden yellow of the harvest. As is the sun
who disperses the pelting, blinding rain drops
into mist, drives it into its fantastic home amid
the clouds, and lights up the darkeued earth
I with its noontide rays. As is the sun who by
his silent but restless power overmasters rude
Boreas, consigns him howling to his cave, and
bids the frightened denizens of earth walk forth
secure in the peaceful light of day. All hail
bright, beamy, balmy, beautiful, bountiful
Peace, alma mater of unnumbered blessings to
mankind. By her arts we propose defense.
By the white sails of commerce, by the tireless
muscle of the iron horse, by the teeming pro?
ducts of the soil, by the busy hum of machin?
ery, by the hammer and the saw, by the fires of
the forge, the furnace and the rolling mill, and
above all, by a numerous, busy, intelligent,
law-abiding and virtuous population?the
-crowning ornnment of a great btate.
The arts of peace?agriculture, commerce,
manufactures. The triple cord which binds
together each in its place the well compacted
members of the Commonwealth. The triple
wall of the building of the States which nei?
ther totters nor falls. The triple munition of
defense impregnable against external assault, a
fortress at once and a temple?fortress against
foes from without, a temple from whose altars
within there arises to Almighty God the
thanksgivings of a grateful people.
When by the arts of peace the South is
made great and prosperous and powerful, the
simple majesty of her presence will disarm or
overawe hostility. She will be courted, not
Hpurned. Her alliance will be sought, not
Blighted. Those who now point at her the
finger of scorn, approaching her will bend
the "hinges of the knee that thrift may follow
fawning." Adventurers and traitors will have
outlived their opportunity. There will be no '
more dragonnades. Enforcement acts will no j
longer insult us. The rule of the bayonet will
cease, and law, the civil laws, God's vicegerent
upon earth, will reign supreme.
Among the States of the South there has
been a sisterhood of sorrow and disappoint?
ment. We have wept together over the grave
of our revered father and chief. The eldest
born, of our struggle fell before that struggle i
came to its bitter end. Thousands of our
brethren rest in the soldiers' grave?"They sleep
well, life's fitful fever over." We, the survivors,
have suffered bereavement, poverty, hardship,
humiliation. Thank God, we have not lost our
manhood. From the ashes of our disappoint?
ment we aim to rear a structure of more than
former grandeur. Where our means are inade?
quate we will seek assistance. Having put our
Bhoulders to the wheels we will call on Her?
cules.
In order to place the South in the command?
ing position to which I have adverted, there
are three essentials: Time, capital, labor.
God has surrounded us with the natural means
of greatness in affluent profusion. Time will
afford us ample verge and opportunity. In
I addition to our own willing hearts and strong
i arras, Europe will give us the capital and labor,
I if wc seek.them aright,
j To seek and obtain this foreign aid should
j now become the paramount interest of the
South. Without it she must sink into hopeless
I vassalage. With it she may attain a proepori
so elevated as to cast*into the shade all
estern progress, and render hef the wonder
of mankind.
A Northerner's Defense of the Southern Cot?
ton Planter.
A correspondent of the Few England Farmer,
who has recently traveled in the South, fur?
nishes ten admirable reasons for the mania of
cotton planting, to the exclusion of other crops.
His argument will be particularly consoling to
those of our readers addicted to "cotton on the
brain," and for their benefit we append the ar?
ticle :
WhyisCottok almost the only-Crop
raised ik this part of the south ??In the
absence of a statutory provision applicable to
any point in litigation, the practice of business
men is accepted as law by our courts of justice.
Is not the general practice of farmers in any
Icoality, or under any circumstance, entitled to
a similar respect? Is it not safe to assume, for
instance, in this case, that the Southern planter
has reasons for his devotion to cotton, which
the theoretical man overlooks or underesti?
mates ? A brief reflection on the subject has
suggested the following reasons for the tenacity
with which the.plauter clings to his favorite
staple, and for the little heed be gives to the
exhortations of agricultural editors to diversify
his crops:
1. The soil and climate is better adapted to
the production of cotton than to those other
crops which the planter is urged to raise. Pay
iug crops of cotton are made by hired labor, on
shares, and on rent. Farmers tell me that a
remunerative crop of com alone cannot be
made by either system. Lands specially adap?
ted to the growth of cotton are worth far more
in market than those on which mixed farming
succeeds much better.
2. The cost of fertilizers applied to the cot?
ton field is well repaid by increased production,
and the use of guano and of the Charleston
phosphates has largely extended the cultiva?
tion of that staple; but this is not true of other
crops.
3. Everywhere and at all times cotton is a
cash product at some price.
?L With the exception of wool, few agricul?
tural products are marketed at so small an ex
Eense for transportation as cotton. A ton of
ay, grain, potatoes, &c, may be worth from
$15 to $60; while that amount of cotton will
bring from $300 to $400.
5. Cotton?the mere lint, which is sold?is
perhaps the least exhaustive of soil ingredients
of all agricultural crops. It is as if the farmer
sold only the "silk" of his corn, or the straw
of his grain. On this point, Prof. E. W. Hil
yard, of Mississippi, says, "there is probably no
other crop so little exhaustive as one of cotton
lint, few as much so as cotton with the teed.?
The latter carries with it, on an average, 42
pounds of soil ingredients per bale; the former
four pounds at most." There are full two
pounds of the seed, separated on the farm by
finning, to one of the lint If there is half a
ale of 400 pounds of lint from an acre, the
owner has about 14 bushels of seed, which is
valuable for manure or for feed for stock. A
bale from an acre gives 28 bushels of seed, and
20 bushels with fertilizers is considered a very
large dressing for an acre of land. This selling
the husks or straw and keeping the grain is a
peculiarity with the cotton crop, and the old
distich,
lUHie along, oxen, hie along faster,
The straw for yourself, the grain for vour mas?
ter,"
may be changed,
Tlie along, ye mules, hie along foster,
The grain for yourselves, tho t?it for vour mas?
ter.
6. Cotton is the industrious man's crop; be
can work at it in this climate every mouth in
the year.
7. Cotton is the gentleman's crop-, The "first
families" arc interested In and proud of its
production. The chief end of Southern news?
papers is to report prices and prospects of cot?
ton. . These report* are the first thing the read?
er looks for as he opens a Southern paper. But
the Southern planter, his family and hands, the
Southern merchant and his clerks are not the
only ones interested in the quotations. They
are scanned anxiously by 'lie Yankee manu?
facturer, and even in England and on the con?
tinent the focus of gold-bowed spectacles is
brought to bear on the smallest fraction along?
side the columns of figures which indicate the
value of cotton. Respectability is a strong
point, and needs no elucidation; but it suggests
I another.
8. The beauty of the plant. As I have seen
only the dried and wilted stalks in the field, I
quote from a correspondent of the Southern
Cultivator the following statement: "A fine
cotton field in its healthy stage, some half
cloudy morning in August, decked in all its
radiance, with mingled red and white, rivals in
its beauty and magnificence any Oriental
flower garden."
9. A large proportion of the twelve month's
labor on the cotton crop is comparatively light
work, which can be done by the least efficient
of the plantation force.
10. Cotton is an interesting crop. The casu?
alties to which it is exposed, from the sprout?
ing of the seed to the baling of the lint, and
the ever recurring fluctuations in its market
value, give it something akin to the absorption
of a game of chaucc. Hence the expression I
have lieard from planters, "No cotton, no life?
no cash."
Trustees of the University.?In joint
assembly, yesterday, Messrs. J. K. Jillson, D.
H. Chamberlain and L. C. Northrop were
elected Trustees of the South Carolina Uni?
versity. The Board now consists of Messrs.
Lee, Bowley, Swails, Jervey, Jillson, Chamber?
lain and Northrop. The Governor is ex officic
a member and Chairman, when present. Mr.
Jillson has served acceptably on the Board for
the last four years. We are of the opinion
that he means well, and feels a real interest in
the cause of education. Mr. Chamberlain is a
capable man, of a subtle order of intellect,
with the culture which may make him valuable
iu the Board. Mr. Northrop is a native of the
State and a graduate of the College. Upon
him we can count for good offices to his Alma
Mater. The same may be said of the Govern?
or. The members elected the other day are,
I we doubt not, discreet men, who will prove
averse to any movement intended to cripple or
injure this venerable institution of learning.
We shall hone to see them support it with zeal
j and good judgment.?Phoenix, 19th inst.
? A Connecticut town boasts of a young
man so timid that he cannot look a needle in
the eye. Many young ladies are trouble with
similar fears whenever they can get any one
else to do their sewing.