Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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gu* fniiqjmtot ' l&miljj ?mU& U ?rfitte, ptato, ^piniMiir.? .mul fecrnl fatalism HOYT & CO., Proprietors. ANDERSON G. H., S. C, THURSDAY MORNING-, OCTOBER 12, 1871. VOLUME VII.?NO. 15. A General Review of the Southern Situation. Mr. W. P. Copeland, the able correspondent of the New York Journal of Commerce, has just concluded an extensive tour of observation through all the Southern States. He has writ? ten from time to time a scries of letters to the journal he represented, and his comments upon men and things in the South have been singu? larly free from prejudice. His last letter is the fortieth of the series, and in this he gives a general review of the situation. We make the following interesting extracts: The issues connected with slavery are in the grave of that institution. Dew-drops sparkle on the green sward where blood flowed in streams, j and prosperity dawns where decay seemed inevi-1 table. Let the tragic actors in the late bloody strife forget the causes of trouble and forgive each other. I believe the people of the South are ready to accept the hand ol friendship, ten? dered in good faith?come from what section of our country it may. But the fact that slavery did exist is a fact that has left its mark in every Southern community. The system encouraged thriftlessness and killed manufactures in their incipiency. Thus it is that the South is comparatively so destitute of manu? factures. Even now the men who were slaves are not the men who contribute to the wealth of manufacturing districts. The slave did field or heavy work. The machinist, the moulder, the brass finisher, the carder and spinner, the miller, the mechanic of the South, are white, with very few exceptions. The unskilled labor of the South was black when the war commenced, when it ended, and at the present time. The black race an the South,while increasing in some few locali? ties, is averaging a large per cent, decrease each year. This is accounted for in the change from dependence to independence. The dependent were formerly cared for. Left to his own re? sources, possessing a shiftless and procrastina? ting spirit, the colored man could not arouse himself at once to a sense of his actual condition, but following the bent of inclination plunged into indulgences and neglect that brought their consequences. A year after the war the colored people of the South generally were in an awful condition. They took little care of themselves or families, and the result was, they died rapidly. The num? ber of infant negroes who die in their first year is surprisingly large, and the births among them average a large per centage less than among the whites. Six years of absolute freedom has, how? ever, given time for the perfection of school sys? tems, and the colored children of the present age will probably realize their situation, and devote themselves somewhat to the education of their race in practical things. The general condition of the freedraen is now boner than it has been since they entered into their new career, But persons who have given close attention to the subject unanimously accept the conclusion that thecolorcd race will never again be as numerous in this country as it was five years ago. You can't educate them all at once. I believe there are now twenty thousand colored people in the South who can read and write, and who have gained that accomplishment since the war. That is a most remarkable state of progress under the circumstances, and yet there are four millions of them to educate. ThcSouthern white people want them educated, and are now cheerfully paying taxes to do it, believing that intelligent labor is the best, and that they will always have employment for every colored man or wo? man who will work. So you see every respon? sible and intelligent white man in the South is now trying his best to undo what slavery did for his section. And he will not hesitate to tell you so. MANUFACTURES A GREAT WANT. The people of the South see that they want manufactures. Instead of sending their cotton to Europe or New Enland to be made into wearing apparel and returned, they have deter? mined to avoid payment of freights, insurance, middlemen's fees, tariffs, &c, on goods which they can as well make up alongside the cotton field. They mean to mine their coal and iron, and use it; to cut their walnut and oak and pine trees and make their own parlor and kitch? en furniture; to manufacture their glass, pa? per, leather and other articles. Does it not meet anywhere in the South, should have hoarded their money before the war in cities that had not a single manufacturing establish? ment ? Why not have applied it in a trial of manufactures ? The war forced them to manu? facture some things, and they did it as well as anybody after practice. Men who understood the work probably better than those who had conducted it took hold after the war and helped them. Some of the new manufactories are now pay? ing profits of from twenty to fifty per cent, on the capital invested. They cannot be started too rapidly anywhere in the South where coal or water power is abundant, or fail of success in experienced hands. The people there have not yet got far enough along to spare their cap? ital from the cotton, rice or sugar fields. Eve? ry Southern man. not a planter, who had mon? ey to spare, loans it to the planters because it pays a large per centage and is a first class in? vestment. I venture to predict that in another year, if the growing cotton crop proves any? thing like remunerative, Southern capital alone will start tweuty or thirty cotton mills, and in? crease the capacity of every one now in opera? tion. Every manager of a cotton factory there will tell you that he cannot supply the demand for goods, and that he only manufactures in busy seasons to fill orders. Mr. Young, of the Eagle and Phrenix Mills, at Columbus, Ga., says that during the dull summer months they run as much of their ca? pacity as they can support with the funds they nave, and carry the goods over to the fall; but that there has not been a year since the factory was .started when there was an unsold piece of goods in the place on the first day of January. And that mill runs several looms and a good many thousand spindles. The Augusta factory has sale for goods all the time, because it makes a special class of sheetings. Hut the Columbus factory, working in both cotton and wool, ma? king everything in coarse dry goods line, hav? ing its market at the door, becomes a borrower of money in the summer season. These mills pay about 2"> per cent, each in annual dividends to the stockholders. GENERAL FEELING IN THE SOUTH. It wan stated in a former letter, that the peo? ple of the South collectively are richer now than they ever were before. By that 1 mean that they have more money than ever before.? Whether there is really more wealth than be? fore the war is a question depending upon the relative purchasing value of money. In any event 'and I do not yield the belief originally expressed,) the wealth of the Smith i< more equally divided, and Southern capital is invi? ted in local securities and enterprises. markably few people there have government bonds. They can realize more money in load investments than United States sixes or fivs will pay. Most of the money owned South is at the South, floating ?round in use. Of course much of it goes North t.. pay for supplies. The people are hopeful, very hopeful. In that intellii gentlemen you every part of the South are to be found about the same number of constitutional grumblers you find anywhere else, and they growl until they make it unpleasant for themselves and everybody around them. But in some locali? ties, where the fortune'} of war bore hardest upon the community, and where camp-follow? ers came upon the heels of devastation to fat? ten on political corruption, the chronic fault? finder had its eager listeners. Frequently the general feeling of despondency in a locality where the people lost everything during the war is heightened by the change of trade to other channels and the general decay surround? ing the scene. Header, "put yourself in the place" of a once wealthy man who has lost his all except his bare lands in asserting his honest belief?for they believed they were right as firm? ly as others believe they were wrong. Sec your fields running to waste, the city near you going fo ruin, your neighbors in the same predica? ment as yourself, no money in the neighbor? hood, your all depending upon the results of a I crop a few faithful laborers have helped you to I plaut, every mouthful you or your workmen or your families eat bought on "credit during the months your crop is growing, and adverse cir? cumstances surrounding you onall sides. " Put yourself in his place, my Christian friend, [ and you will represent the case of many a cot? ton planter along the Mississippi River. Pre? pared by misfortunes to believe anything, the average man would not, under such circum? stances, be apt to look on the bright side of things. This is the class of men we hear from occasionally in the newspapers. But he docs not represent the South. I went South, believing that there was some? thing there besides politics to talk about. I went among merchants, bankers, manufacturers and farmers, who were working hard to get along, and avoided the politicians. The people I saw were, as a class, hopeful, even under the most untoward circumstances. They spoke of their crops and manufactures, the railroads and store and houses they had built, the vessels they had loaded for Europe, gave histories of their harbors and channels?told everything they had done, were doing, and expected to do; how much money their States owed, and that they intended to pay it if it took their last dol? lar. They explained all these things, and I have tried to reproduce the facts in the forty letters of which this is the last. No man can receive the attention I have received from the Southern people during the few months spent among them, without feeling a strong sense of gratitude. No man could feel more grateful than I do. I have tried to tell the truth about them. They are the judges, and plain, unpre? judiced statements are my attempt at return for their kindness. W. P. C. Reform Needed. An observer of the time- cannot be indiflcr ent t<> the fact that there is urgent need of lic fortn in ail the relations of life, moral, social, and political. While the arts and sciences have made brilliant progress in every branch, and reached a degree of approximate perfec? tion, mankind h:is degenerated to a state of al? most semi-barbarism, so much so, tluit at the present day we witness an absence of that no? bleness of nature that characterized our fore? fathers of old. The seeds of corruption are sown broad-cast over the land, finding their way into high places as well as low, contamin? ating a people who once were models of civili? zation. Statesmanship is a thing of the past, and the peers of Webster, Clay, and Calhoun, exist only in the imagination. Money seems to be the God of the American pet.|>lc, and greedy gain their sole ambition. The patriots of former days arc changed into partisans and demagogues, and patriotism is no longer a hal? lowed principle. Truly a sad commentary upon the so-called progress of the age. The moral status of our people stands in bc rious need of reformation. Vice in all its forms seems in the ascendency, pervading eve? ry section of the country, and reaping a rich harvest. Its votaries are numberless. They fill positions of trust and responsibility, and direct the destiny of the American Republic. They put at defiance the immutable laws of our Divine Creator, and pursue their wicked ways in the face of His expressed Will. Crime is encouraged and winked at by those whose duty it is to punish it, while its perpe? trators arc often rewarded for their misdeeds. Villainies and outrages are daily committed by those who administer the laws, frauds are openly practiced, and venality visible in all quarters. High positions, once the stepping stones to fame and honor, are now subordinated to vile purposes of filthy lucre, and made the avenues to miserly wealth. The sacred gifts of the people arc viewed only from a pecuniary stand-point, and are bartered for like a piece of merchandise. Dis? tinction in the field of politics has a money value put upon it, and knocked down to the highest bidder like goods under an auctioneer's hammer. True fame, alas! is thus swept away by the j>rotjress of civilization, and its follow? ers converted to the worship of Mammon. Having thus shown our condition to be de? plorable in the extreme, will any one deny the absolute necessity for a speedy reformation ? The question naturally suggests itself, what is the remedy lor all the ills wc suffer, or from what source is relief to come? We answer, a change must come over this people. Their destiny is in their own hands to work out, and if they shrink from the task, upon their heads must fall the dreadful consequences. They must shake off the lethargy that seems to weigh them down, and rise to the dignity of true manhood. They must awake to the real con? dition of the country, ami lend a helping hand in bursting asunder the shackles that despotism and tyranny has bound around them. Vice and its corrupting influences must be attacked and thoroughly uprooted. Crime of every character must be exposed and brought to swift punishment, and the faithless servants of the people held to a strict accountability for the betrayal of the trusts reposed in them Vir? tue must be fostered and protected, and the love of Cod fill the hearts of all men. When all these things arc clone, then may we witness the dawn of prosperity and happi? ness throughout the entire breadth of the land, and the work of reformation fully accom? plished. ?lairfield Herald. Cure for Nervous Headamir.?Take a I dessert spoonful of common soda, such as is I used in making bread, and dissolve it thorough? ly in a quart of cold water. With this thor? oughly shaiilpoon the head for about five min? utes, scratching the skin of the head and the ! back of the neck well with the finger nails.? Then rinse the head with clean coli I water. A I gentleman says that he has used this remedy in perhaps a thousand cases, and it never once ' failed to give relief in live or ten minutes. ! This remedy is for nervous head-achu and is I not for those afllie.tiou.sol the head arising from deranged stomachs. ? Iluhversiiys poverty is only an idea, in nine eases out (if ten, and thai there is really nmre I happitics... amoiie ihe working men in the world From the Manufacturer and Builder. Tobacco and Pipes. Then you wish to learn something about to? bacco and the way people use it ? Well, light your pipe, give me a match for mine, and sit down here in the shade, and I will tell you what observations I have made at home and abroad ; we shall have plenty of time until the one o'clock whistle sounds. No doubt you have wondered where the cus? tom of smoking originated, and how the name "tobacco'' became applied to the plant. I looked the question up the other day, and copied this extract out of Irving's Columbus. In describing the first voyage of the great dis? coverer, he says, 'They beheld several of the natives going about with firebrands in their hands, and certain dried herbs which they rolled up in a leaf, and put in their mouths, and continued inhaling and palling out the smoke. A roll of this kind they called a 'ta baco,' a name since transferred to the plant of which the rolls were made, though that is the name by which the cigar is known in Cuba." An old Spanish writer, whose work I happened tc see a short time since, speaks of the use of tobacco as among ,:the evil customs of the Indians of Cuba, very pernicious, and produ? cing insensibility." Their mode of smoking was by inhalation through the nostrils, by means of a hollow, forked cane, the forked ends being inserted in the nostrils, the other end ap? plied to the burning leaves of the plant. Although, as you sec, it had been used for a long time, Sir Walter Raleigh was the first who introduced tobacco into civilized usage. The practice of smoking, however, seemed at once to fall into disrepute, particularly among the strict classes of Puritans. In company with the drinking of coffee, it was made the subject of furious onslaughts from divines, who con? signed to eternal punishment those who swal? lowed "the black liqiid, which could only have originated in hell, or made chimneys of their noses and mouths, bv inhaling smoke and fire, which would surely lie their portion hereafter." Among the low and uneducated classes, it was believed that fire was inhaled, and that smoking could be accomplished only by the aid of witchcraft or some other supernatural agency. It is related of Sir Waller Raleigh that when in a "brown study," doubtless planning those Utopian schemes which he was (loomed never to realize, he was suddenly aroused from his reverie by the chilly application of a bucket of water thrown over his head and shoulders by his servant, who, seeing smoke issue from his master's nose and mouth, imagined that his body was on fire. The kinds of tobacco used are as various as : the different races that smoke it, and the means [ employed of consuming it are strongly indica? tive of the national characteristics. There is nothing perhaps more suggestive of the incar? nation of laziness than to watch a genuine, orthodox Turk smoking his "nargileh. J use the word '"orthodox" in contradistinction to the "dissenters," who affect European manners and customs. The "nargileh," or "hubble-bubble,'' as it is termed by foreigners, consists of a glass vase filled with seen toil water, into which runs a stem communicating with the bowl above. This stem ends just beneath the surface of the water, and serves to conduct the smoke from the bowl to the perfumed fluid, which deprives it of its oil and renders it cool. From the body of the vase it is drawn to the mouth of the "smoker by means of a long flexible tube. The fine Turkish tobacco, generally known as "Scarfalatti," or "Latakia," is rarely if ever smoked except in the form of cigarettes. In the "nargileh" a kind of Persian tobacco is consumed which looks like dried oak-leaves, and is very mild, it is packed in the bowl in moistened layers, and of course will not stay lit, so that an attendant is necessary to keep supplying it with live coals, and even then it requires considerable skill to keep it burning. One pipeful will last a Turk all day. lie does not smoke as we do, but inhales the fumes, but little smoke being visible in the vase, aud none ever exuding from his mouth. lie will sit all day in a kind of dreamy stu? por, totally oblivious to all surrounding pro? ceedings. If he be a shopkeeper, the entrance of customers docs not arouse his curiosity in the slightest; he calinlv looks on while a slave docs the bargaining or displays the goods. They are genuine smokers, those Turks, and their ideas of Mohammed's paradise and its attend? ant houris were probablv all conjured up whilo lazily watching the smoke curl from the bowls of their perfumed "nargileh." I like to make strong contrasts, and I can think of none more striking to the picture I have just drawn than the method of enjoying a cigar practiced by our Western fellow-citizens. Observe that representative from the Buckeye State, lounging over there against the fence. He has finished his dinner, and is about to be? gin his post-prandial smoke. Notice that cigar, the biggest he could lind, lie rams it into Iris mouth as if he were about to swallow it, and "chaws" the end for about half its length. He. lights it?a dozen sharp whiffs? clouds of smoke?away goes the slump, and he , is done, lie can't afford the time to liuger over tho fragrance of a tine cigar, and a cab? bage-leaf or a full-flavored Havana are the ! same to him. 1 came near forgetting our sedate friends the Dutch. I do not mean the Germans, but the Hollanders. Your true-bred Dutchman and his pipe are almost inseparable, and his long clay pine, overflowing with strong "canaster," is his delight. In almost all the gardens in Holland is built a kind of summer-house, generally painted in bright glaring colors, looking like an immense flower. No matter how small the plot of ground may be, it is sure to be laid out in in? numerable little beds of fanciful design, which are tilled with the most gorgcous-hucd tulips, and in the middle is placed one of these arbors. Some quaint name, like "Abode of Love," or "Heart's Rest," is inscribed over the door, and within it, at the cool of the evening, may be seen its owner slowly pulling his pipe and ga? zing complacently at his Mowers or blinking at the reflection of the sunset in the sluggish wa? ter of the omnipresent canal. Perhaps you'll find two old chaps in there, their portly forms dimly visible through the cloud of smoke, while, their conversation will consist of occa? sional monosyllables uttered between the slow whill's. They take "solid comfort" in their way of smoking, as you may well suppose; but we Yankees, with our go ahead, time-saving no? tions, would hardly appreciate it. The Spaniards and Cubans arc great smokers, and the use of tobacco is not confined to the male, sex alone. There is an indescribable grace in the way a dark-eyed scnorihi will roll her cigarette between her dainty finger-tips. She does it so quickly that you can hardly fol? low her motion-, placing it between her Hps and asking for a light in such :i bewildering manner thai, if you are. ;ir all sitsceptibii. you [ an- desperately in love at onc< . Kvcrybody i smokes in Spain, and on :dl occasions. I -?*:' - lighters in the arena will coolly Inghi ad i rette while watching the motion- o| ihcii i-? f ? t - riatcd antagoni I. ! The Aral's :unl MiM,r> favor 'be "chibouque." which consists simph "i ?, bo.vi ?!' r??i ? !.iv. with a long stem m?di ol jasmine, h ny ? ?? other scented wood, tipped with a handsomely jeweled amber mouth-piece. Thoy use a poor quality of tobacco of their own raising, or elso the ordinary Turkish. Our English cousins almost invariably prefer the short, straight-stemmed wooden pipe, smo? king either American tobacco, or what is known as "English shag;" and the "dhudeen" of the sons of the Emerald Isle is too well known to you to need any description. With the Indians, smoking is almost a reli? gious ceremony, and a solemn fumigation from the pipe of peace is more binding in their minds than any amount of promises or trea? ties. Their "calumets" are usually cut from red sandstone, gayly decorated with feathe rs, and often with portions of the scalps of th?ir enemies. There is a body of people that can hardly be termed a nation who use a pipe which sur? passes anything I have heretofore mentioned in uniqueness and magnitude. It is larger than anything on the earth. You look incredulous, and may well do so. The fact is, they use this terrestrial globe for a bowl, without needing a planet or a fixed star for a resting-place, or the giant trees of California for stems. The peo? ple are a tribe of Hindoos, and they arrange their pine by digging a small cavity into the ground big enough to hold sufficient tobacco, at an angle with which they bore another and smaller hole communicating with it. Into the latter they insert a reed stem, and their pipe is complete. Ingenious idea, though rather prim? itive; but they are spared the necessity of car? rying their pipes about them. Hallo! there goes the whistle, my pipe is out, aud I see yours has been empty i'or some time. I shall have to defer the balance of my lecture until some other opportunity. One might spin quite a yarn on tobacco in general, and wonder on the immense quantities con? sumed. In fact, I once heard of a visionary individual, of a statistical frame of mind, who set to work to see how many different kinds of cigars the world smoked in a day; but his plans unfortunately never succeeded, and so, like the material which was the subject of his inquiry, they "ended in smoke." A Disgraceful and Shameful Act. We learned, by accident, of a circumstance which, if true as wc heard it, ought to bring the blush to the checks of all mankind to (hink that one of Cod's creatures, known as man, should be the author of such an outrage.? When the remains of the Confederate soldiers were being exhumed from the battlefield of Gettysburg, a man, whose father owned the field whereon the soldiers were buried, actually took a gold plate, to which were attached a sot of false teeth, from the head of one of the sol? diers, and now refuses to give it up. Oh, man ! to what depth* of degradation can you descend; To rob the dead, were.1:1 net unworthy the ancient barbarians, and at which the Indian savages, all untutored as they were, shrank with horror. And then, to think, that a civilized member of this enlightened country would be guilty of such an act, is enough to cause the hardest hearts among u* to turn with loathing from such a foul, faithless wretch. Since writing the above, we have obtained Ihc following particulars of another outrageous act by the same perfidious wretch who stole the teeth. When the agent of the Savannah Memorial Association visited the residence of David Blocker (the name of the Christian citizen?), near Gettysburg, Fa., for the purpose of obtain? ing the remains of the Confederate dead, sup? posed to be buried there, he found that two bodies only were buried on said farm. They were those of Lieutenant-Colonel Winn, of the 4th Georgia Regiment, and a Mr. Law, of the same organization. Blocker positively refused to allow the bodies to be removed until he was paid for nllowing the remains to rest on the ground as long as they had, whereupon the agent left. He re? turned, however, subsequently, and through dint of persuasion and shaming he prevailed on Blocker to allow the bodies to be exhumed ; and when they were removed, he (Blocker) stole the teeth. Was there ever, in the annals of the world, known or heard of such a ca<o of complete bar? baric and unprincipled greediness? Wo are perfectly aware that human nature is every day tending more and more to depravity, but we had no idea that man could fall ?0 low. Let this man be passed around, so that his name may become familiar to every resident of the land, and when this vile scum of humanity comes along, let him be, as he should, scoffed at by all honest men, and shunned as an object entirely unworthy of being countenanced by decent society.?Savannah News. Sensible and Patriotic.?John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts, never writes a letter intended for the public eye which is not worth reading. Here is an extract from his letter ac. cepting the Democratic nomination for Gover? nor: "Now, as formerly, I think it wise louse calm and moderate methods in dealing with ques? tions of State; to adhere scrupulously to con? stitutional forms in enforcing the will of the people, and to make haste slowly with revolu? tionary reforms. Hut I may bo pardoned if, in view of a hesitation which lingers here and there, I declare my especial stisfaction at the position adopted by the convention in re-pect to the later amendments to the Constitution of the United States. I am heartily glad to sec good citizens who have disputed the plan of I adjustment required by the parly ill power, so long as it was debatable, acquiesce cheerfully when once it has become irrevocable. "It seems to me to be the part of patriotism now to accept honesty and without mental res? ervation thaw amendment as the final xettlcmrnt and pacification 0/the ciril war, and (hen to turn resolutely from the irritating and painful memories of the past to the pressing duties id' the future. That future, if we wisely improve it, may be made to redeem, and more than re? deem," all the sufferings and all the errors of the past. It may warn us to guard jealously the invaluable habit of local self-governments, while we yield to the irresisttible instincts of national unity. It may teach us to alleviate oppressive taxation by economy and skill in fiscal management, so that a tariff may no Ion ger strangle trade. Universal amnesty and equal rights may once again demonstrate to the world that the people at their homes may be trusted to preserve the peace and maintain the principles of liberty without soldiers to make them afraid. Ami." above all. a kindly anil con? siderate policy toward vanquished citizens may make us again a prosperous and happy people, cordially united ill a friendship based upon mutual esteem and cemented by identical in? terests." In Jonquil) Miller's poem of Kit Carson's ride, In; begins by representing Kit I 'arson as? tride a bare-back, perfectly naked horse. ?V Tore he concludes his rid", i! stated \>\ pool, Im "rose iii hi- stirrups ' foi muiic purpose or other. Mow a man on .1 hare backed horse could manage to rise in hi- sliirilps i- a .jii The Legion of Honor. Mr. John Duly, Mayor of the city of Cork, has been decorated with the cross of the Legion of Honor, as a recognition of the humanity shown by the corporation over which lie pre? sides in sending succor to the French wounded during the lntc war. Some particulars in re? gard to an order whose name is so familiar to the public may not be uninteresting. It is said that one day when Napoleon, then first consul, was looking out of the window of the Tuilleries, he saw an immense crowd in the court yard gazing with admiration at the Aus? trian ambassador and his suite, whose coats were blazing with stars and crosses of the vari? ous orders to which they belonged. At that time such insignia were forbidden to French citizens, but the shrewd soldier saw here an clement which could be made available as a valuable assistant in the accomplishment of his ambitious designs. Accordingly in 1802, he brought forward a proposition for the forma? tion of the Legion of Honor?a society which was then said to have for its main object the preservation of Republican principles and the laws of equality. Its membership was to be conferred upon those who had gained distinc? tion in military, naval or civil life, without any reference to their social antecedents, whether aristocratic or plebeian. The proposition was strongly opposed in the legislative body, and finally carried by only a very small majority. A* originally arranged, the Legion of Honor embraced three e!~sscs?grand officers, com? manders and legi. ..ics; but at the corona? tion of Napoleon the first named class was di? vided into knights of the grand eagle and grand officers?the former being the highest grade. The Kmperor always wore the decora? tion, and frequently conferred it with his own hands on the field of battle upon soldiers whose valor had been specially conspicuous.? At the restoration of the Bourbons, in 181?, the order was modified and lost much of its distinc? tive character. The eagles were transformed into crosses, the cfligy of Henry IV took the place of that of Napoleon, the legionaries were called knights, and the educational institutions intended for the benefit of the children and re? latives of the members were much reduced in number and deprived id' many of their privil? eges. When Napoleon became President of the republic, a portion of the confiscated prop? erty of Louis Phillipe was set aside for the en? dowment of the Legion, and the original fea? tures were as far as possible revived. The decoration under the second empire consisted of a cross of ten points being connected with a wreath of laurel, and in the centre of an azure circle, bearing the words"Napoleon TIL, Empt rcur tie* Francah" was ahead of the Ein j peror. The eross was ensigned with the impe? rial crown of France ami worn attached to a red ribbon. The grand officers wore on the right breast a silver .?tar. charged with the im? perial eagle, and the same .-tar was worn on the ieft breast by the Knights Grand Cross, their crosses being suspended to a broad red ribbon passing over the right shoulder. It is probable that since the downfall of die empire, all traces of imperialism in the Legion und its ornaments have been obliterated, but we are not aware what emblems have taken their place. Owing to the lavish distribution of member? ship in former days, the Legion of Honor be? came for a time of insignificant value; but since 1851 only one nomination has been made for even- two vacancies. The College of the Legion has a large fund, out of which pensions are paid to knights and legionaries wounded in battle, or who have suffered the amputation of a limb while in military or naval service.? These pensions have occasionally reached as high a figure as six million francs annually. Under the existing regulations; candidates for the Legion must have served for twenty j years in some military or civil capacity, or distinguished themselves by bravery or hard service in time of war. Two distributions are made each year?soldiers receiving their nom? inations on parade, civilians in the courts of justice. No ignominious punishment can be inflicted upon a member as long as he is in fel? lowship with the order, and no native of France can receive the higher honors without having passed through the intermediate grades. I A High Compliment from a Radical Source. The Cincinnati CvmmcrciuPs Nashville cor? respondent, (H. V. RedfieldA in a late letter pays the "traitors" and "rebels" of the South the following compliment: "The Southern people loathe a man who uses a public ollieo to enrich himself. What? ever may be their faults, they are honest.? They do not worship the almighty dollar to the extent of bartering away their honor for it. The old Southern fire-eating Democrats we are taught were wicked men, and wicked they were, about some things, but they did not use their offices to till their pockets. They did not form rings to make money, or establish gift enterprises. This old-fashioned honesty, this abhorrence of anything that looks like prosti? tuting public office to private gain, is as ab? horrent to the Southern people now as it ever was. and probably more, for they have been called upon since the war to have considerable experience with that sort of thing, and to know it is not to love it, especially when it is done at their expense. For the past six years the Southern States have been converted into an arena of robbery, presenting a spectacle of fraud and corruption perhaps unexampled in the history of the world; yet Southern-bom men have'had little to do with it. Your true Southerner, it' he has sense enough to get an office, has too much honor to steal. In all my experience as correspondent of the Commercial in the different Southern States, I have found the worst thieves, the most insatiate robbers, to he Northern men. There has been more stolen in South Carolina, or in Louisiana, since the war. than in all the Southern States put together, from the revolution to ISl'O, And the strangest thing about this whole business is that the greater tin' rogue the mow intensely "loyal*' he is. and for that, or the other reason, the higher in favor at Washing? ton, if Hodge had been stationed down South ami had gotten up two or three Ku Klux.scares just on the eve of some election where the Radicals were sore pressed and thereby ena? bled them to carry the day. he would have been canonized instead of caged though he had stolen four millions instead of lour hun? dred thousand dollars of the people's money. And yet these chaps are rolling their red eyes over the corruption of the Tammany Democra? cy. It is very much as if the "HeathenChinee" hud expressed himself shocked at the state of Bill Nye's sleeve. ? The Secretary of a Masonic Lodge in llockinghani. Va.. was recently ordered to pro? duce in court the book in which the minutes of the !.od.-e v.eic kept, lie refused and was threatened with imprisonment for contempt. The .fudge spoke In -tronr terms of the evil of societies passing resolut ions and orders that are liable to i .!:;!';.; with :1c law of ilie land, and e\ph.il his intet lion .?f enforcing the lav, againsi all such proee?clings. Finally, after a long and heated argument between tin1 attor? neys, i! ey agr.-ed i? :tc,vp! an afte-te i v ,,f tin minutes, and <\->' Secretary was released The Irish Trials Re-enacted. In the preliminary argument in the Ku Klux cases now being tried in Raleigh, before the Federal Court, Judge Fowle forcibly re? marked, in the course of his able and eloquent denunciation of the manner in which the juries had been packed by the Marshal, under the advice of Mr. Samuel F. Phillips, that the only parallel to the enormity was to be found in Irish history. The parallel is an apt one, ex? cept that the celebrated Irish trials, quoted since the days of Emmctt, of Currau and of Grattan, to the utter shame of English justice and judicial fairness, were not marked by oue half of the atrocities that are characterizing the infamous mockeries now being enacted un? der the name of law, in the capital of North Carolina. It is not pretended that the present session of the Federal Court is other than a continua? tion of the June Term. At the last session of that term the jurors were marked by unusual intelligence and integrity, and were about equally divided between the two political par? ties. Their composition was such as to secure to every man arraigned before them a fair and honest trial. But this did not answer the pur? poses, of the Radical leaders, whose sole object it is, not to punish the guilty and protect the innocent, but to raise party clamor, make party capital and wreak malignity upon political or personal enemies. Accordingly, the Marshal, a rabid and unscrupulous politician, summons a new and Radical-packed jury, in the interests of his masters, and Judge Bond refuses prison? ers the common privilege and rightof objecting to the array. In other words, jurors have been summoned to convict, and Justice kicked out of the forum, where she has been popularly sup? posed to preside! Mrs. Surratt's trial by the Court Martial which convicted and hung that innocent lady, was not a whit worse than what is now transpiring before our eyes, in these piping times of "prosperous peace" (vide Gree ley) and under the folds of the "forgiving flag" (see the New York Timen.) Nor is this all, nor one-half, of the enormity. WitnetKS have been dragged from their homes and imprisoned, without any other authority than the blind rage of Radical ofiicials, who seek to signalize their zeal by these violent and illegal acts. They have been thus outraged, on the nwpicion that they might know something about the Ku Klux, and efforts have been made to coerce and intimidate the timid to make such statements as would suit the views of the would-be extortors! "We repeat, what we have heretofore so often said, that we are no apologists for secret, un? lawful associations, and that we would not shield the guilty from the consequences of their acts: but we want the country to appreciate the 'mockery of law, under Federal sanction, which is holding high carnival in North Caro? lina. Ku Ivluxism is very bad. but judicial crime, in the name of law, is infinitely worse! ? Wilmington Journal. Negro Debts Again.?At the last Term of the Court of Common Pleas for this County, the question of negro debts were brought di? rectly before the Court. Suit had been brought upon a note, which was shown by the evidence to have been given in part for the purchase money of a negro slave. In charging the Jury, his Honor Judge Orr stated that when elected to office, he had taken an oath to support the Constitution of this State ; that a clause of that Constitution expressly forbade the collection of debts, the consideration of which was the purchase money of a slave or slaves; that in Iiis opinion this clause w:is not inconsistent with any portion of the Constitution of the 1'nitcd State-, which also he had sworn to sup? port, and that therefore he was constrained by the oath which he had taken, to charge them that they could not, consistently with law, lind a verdict for that portion of the debt which was for a slave. He stated that he had a distin? guished precedent in disregarding the late de? cision of the Supreme Court of this State de? claring such debts collectable. That Judge Earlc, in the case of the State vs. McBride, and upon somewhat similar grounds, had refused to regard a decision of the then Supreme Court, and had been sustained by the remodeled Su? preme Court which heard the case on appeal. The Jury were out but a few minutes, aud in their vordict ignored the negro part of the debt. We do not know whether an appeal will be ta? ken or not?Greenville Mountaineer. A Frightful Accident.?AtPaoli, Orange County, Ind., Professor Wilbur made arrange? ments for a balloon ascension. He was to bo accompanied by George H. Knapp, editor of the Orange County Union. As they were about getting into the balloon the cords gave way, and they made a spring for the car, but only succeeded in grasping the ropes. As the bal? loon rose Knapp let go. and fell at a height of about thirty feet without serious injury.? Professor Wilbur held on and attempted to climb into the basket, but was unable to do so, and the balloon shot upwards rapidly with the areonaut hanging below. The spectators were thrilled with horror at the terrible scene. At a height of about one mile the doomed man let go his hold and came whirling to the earth. At the height he had attained he looked like a small stick about a foot long. As he approach? ed the earth he was coming down feet lore-most, then spread out horizontally, then doubled up, turned over, and then straightened out with his head downward. As he struck the earth he fell upon his head and back. His head was mashed into an indistinguishable mass. The body made a whole in the ground eight inches deep, and it rebounded four feet from where it struck. To add to the painful charac? ter of the accident the professor's young wife and little daughter were on the ground, and witnessed the terrible atl'air. Theory and Practice.?In a recent letter urging the inexpediency, not to say folly, of declaring martial law in certain sections of South Carolina, Lt. Governor Ransier said, among other things, "let the Republican party hurl from power corrupt, ignorant and dishon? est ofiicials " and a proper understanding would soon grow up and ripen into peace and order throughout the State. The same individual in the Republican State Central Committee, held in Columbia on the SOlh ultimo, introduced, advocated and secured the unanimous adoption of a resolution, petitioning the President of the United States for the pardon of Williams and Langlcy, convicted on charges of fraud in the last election for Congress. He expressed the belief they were unjustly convicted. These men were convicted before a judge appointed by Radical authority, and by a jury composed partially, if not wholly, of Radicals. They were convicted of a crime, which strikes at the very foundation of Republican institutions, to wit. st Ulli tig ballot-boxes. Ac. and now i!o? hottest, ttnti martial law advocate of reform moves the pardon. ? Keoiccc Courier. ?m * m - - - An Iowa husband, a low months ago, agreed lo give his wife three dollars a week to maintain comparative silence, deducting one eent for each sujvrlliioits word she uttered.