Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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jgag^^ - 1 ? - - - ?? L ? ? - ????*-; :-^-??*?*?-? 11- ? - ? ? ???1 ? An Independent Family Journal?Devoted to Politics, Literature and General Intelligence. HOTT & CO., Proprietors. ANDERSON, S. 0, THURSDAY, JANUARY 6, 1870, VOLUME 5.-N?. 28. IN MEMORIAM. FRANCIS W. PICKEN S. BY LiROY F. YO?MANS. The name of Pickens is historical in South Carolina. For three generations it has held prominent station in the roll of her public men. Andrew Pickens, the elder, was a worthy compeer of the great Whig chieftains of the Eevolution ; and With the "Game Cock" Sumter, and the "Swamp Fox" Marion, composed that Famous trio of the Partisan leaders of the unpaid gentlemen of Carolina, "whose fame will always live in "song and story" in the old Palmetto State, whatever com? plexion her destiny may assume. His conquest of tho Chorokees, the wound in the breast, which he received in the thick? est of tho fight at Eutaw, and his gallant services at the hard-fought battle of the Cowpens, for which Congress voted him a sword, would be kept alive by tradition, even were they not indelibly impressed oh the brightest pages of the Southern chapters of tho history of that great etruggle. He was a General in the war of the Eevolution, was subsequently elec? ted to Congress, declined a re-election, and was afterwards solicited to accept the office of Governor of the State, which he also declined. His son, Andrew Pickens, the younger, was also distinguished both in military and civil life. In tho war of 1812, our second war of Independence, as it has beon not inaptly termed, he was Colonel of the 10th Kegiment TJ. S. Regulars, stationed on the Canada frontier, and was afterwards appointed to the command of one of the two Regiments raised by the State for the defence of Charleston in 1814. Upon the return of peace, he was, In 1816, elected one of that Jong line of illustrious Governors of South Carolina? tho choice of the white men of the State, which commenced in 1775 with John Itutledge. His son, Francis W. Pickens, more widely known than cither sire or grand aire?more widely known, indeed, on the day of his death than any living Caroli? nian, after high offices held in times of feverish excitement, and a long and eventful public career passed amid the storms of State, has but lately broathed his last, at the family seat of Edgcwood, amid tho endearments of domestic life, and with cbildrens' faces round his bod; but leaving no male heir to transmit to after generations the name which has been so long and so much honored in South Carolina. The last Pickens?though his services as Aid to Governor Hayno in the stormj* days of Nullification, and his course as Governor of South Carolina in tho first two years of the great civil war in Amer? ica, gave no uncertain promise that, as were the siro and grandsiro in military affairs, m> would be tho 6on?won his lau? rels in that civil arena, for which he evinced irom boyhood a passionate pro? clivity. "Politics," says tho last of tho British Premiers?a man who has perhaps lived more in and for the world of politics than any living statesman?" Politics is a branch of study cortainly the most de? lightful in the world, but for a bjoy as cer? tainly the most pernicious." Here we have followed the practice, rather than the theory, of Mr. D'lsrcali; tho highest goal of honorable ambition is to acquire great renown by great public services, and ambitious yoath naturally aspire to political distinction. Mr. Pickens' early education wasr well adapted to form an Orator and States? man. He was an earnest student of Aristotle, the most acuto of human in? tellects, whom he justly considered*tho most profound of all who have treated of Government; and throughout life was fond of tracing in modern authors, re? peated, varied and disguised, those funda? mental ideas of the science which the greatest of philosophers taught the great? est of conquerors. As in Statesmanship his mastor was tho founder of tho scionco of Politics, so in Oratory his master was the greatost Orator who ever spoke, ?'Whose resistless eloquence Wielded at will that fierce democratic, Shook the arsenal and fulmined over Greece." So attached indeed was he to Demos thenos, that he could repeat in youth the ?whole of the transcendent oration on the Crown, and would often in later life quote striking passages of it with unaffected admiration. Under the able tuition of his father ho studied and memorised Burke's great speeches on the Taxation and Concilia? tion of the Colonies; Sheridan's famous Begum speech on the celebrated trial of "Warren Hastings, and Lord Mansfield's abl?st efforts in the House of Lords; and to these, and tho other bravuras of Bri? tish oratory ho constantly recurred with the greatest pleasure. But bis heart, like Legaro's, was in tho Classics, and it might be truly said of him, in tho beautiful language of a col? lege friend, alterwards a Congressional colleague and rival aspirant for high office, who had the same tastes- with himself, that he "drank deep and drank often of the precious waters of those virgin foun? tains which were unlocked in nature's first known cycle." These studies, bogun at home under tho tuition and example of his fathor, were fostered and cultivated to tho high? est degree, when ho ontered tho South Carolina CoHege?long bet?re and long afterward, the nursing mother of South? ern statesmen and orators?no unwilling or laggard pupil, but "conspicuous among the youths of high promise who Bat at the feet" of the great teacher who then enunciated, with consummate ability and singular force, doctrines of political ocon omy and the philosophy of Government which took deep root in South Carolina. Thomas Cooper's political life was ono continued struggle against all forms of political tyranny and centralization; and lectures which, coming from the masters of cloistered colleges, might have been considered theoretical abstractions, be? came concrete realitios, when lite was breathed into them from the personal ex? perience of the master "who had spoken history, acted history, lived history;" who had boen prosecuted for his political ! course by the British Crown and the ad? ministration of the elder Adams ; who had canvassed the most excitable voters on earth in a contested race with E^alite Orleans for a seat in the Convention du? ring the Carnival of the French Revolu? tion of 1789. And on no subject was Dr. Cooper's intellect more vigorously exer? cised than on the fundamental principles involving the relation which the States bore to the Federal Government of the American Union, and which underlay the distinction between that party which ad? vocated a strong Centralized National Government, and that which advocated the Sovereignty of the States?tho Sover? eignty of the States, now acarco men? tioned save in derision, except; as we hear of it after the ground swell of the great struggle of arms in the exhaustive argu? ment of Alexander Stephens, or a brief, vigorous letter from Barn well Rhett, re? minding us of the spirit and the days when calida juventa he wrote theColleton Address. Mr. Piekcns' position on these great questions, and in the great strug? gle, first of opinions, and then of arms, to which they led, was taken then, early in life, while a College boy; and thence? forward, to the day of his denth, he nev? er swerved or wavered from that position; and though its armed adherents wont to the wall, and its flag went down on tho red field of battle, "With not a man to wave it, And not a sword to sav* it;" though what he had regarded as Sover? eign States, among them his beloved Car? olina, wcro given as Provinces to Pro Consuls, and the dire result of arms pro? claimed that he and his great compeors would be portrayed in the colors of "The Gracchi of the Patricians, and not tho Gracchi of the People," he ever main? tained the samo position, through evil as well as good report, and denied to the last, as tho great heroic mind ever has done, and ever will do, "that might makes right." To him the abandonment of the doc? trines and dogmas of the States' Rights strict construction party, would have been worse than political apostacy?it would have been sacrilege?for to him the Sov? ereign ty of tho States was not an ab? straction or a theory, it was a crocd, a religion. So early and so deeply was he imbued with the principles of the States' Rights party, that while in College ho wroto seven articles, over the signature of "Sydney," for the Charleston Mercury, then under the editorial auspices of tho gifted Henry L. Pinckney. Those arti? cles took tho highest ground?assorted tho separate Sovereignty of the States, their right in their sovereign capacity to nullify an unconstitutional act of Con? gress, to relievo their citizens from its op? eration, and to open their ports in defi? ance of tho restrictions of an unconstitu? tional and oppressive tariff. These arti? cles excited the greatest interest, and their authorship was ascribed by tho Na? tional Intelligencer of that day, to a com? mittee ol distinguished Carolinians, sup? posed to consist of Hayne, McDufHo and Hamilton. He was admitted to tho Bar in 1828, and was elected to the Lower House of tho Legislature in 1832, where his spocches elicited tho warmost encomiums (despite their differences on the exciting topics discussed) from Hugh S. Lcgare, then Minister in Brussels, his first speech being made at the request of Win, C. Preston, on the latter's Resolutions re? sponsive to Jackson's famous proclama? tion on the Nullification imbroglio. He soon becamo Chairman of the Committee on Federal Relations, and of the Com? mittee on the Judiciary; and in tho for? mer capacity made tho well known re? port on tho oath to bo prescribed to offi? cers, a subject which gave rise to so much excitement, politically and judicially. In 1834, when 26 years of age, he was elected to Congress, as successor of Mr. McDufflo, and at onco took high rank from a speech ho delivered on our relations with Franco. A lady of wit and fashion at tho Capital, who had been accustomed to hear his predecessor, and tho other great orators from his State, but who now hoard Mr. Pickens for tho first time, at the conclusion of his maidon speech in Congress, asked "if it wero really true, that orators grew spontaneous in South Carolina." He and Governor Hammond, thon also a member of the House of Representa? tives, by concert, objected to tho recep? tion of abolition petitions, which tho Uouso had been receiving and referring to the Committee on tho District of Co? lumbia; and in January, 1836, ho deliv? ered on Gov. Wise's Resolution on that subject, one of the first arguments over made in Congress against the Constitu? tional power of tho Government to abol? ish slavery in tho District of Columbia ; and forcibly portrayed tho power of tho abolitionists amid conflicting political parties, and tho causes which would in? evitably increaso that power ; and de? monstrated that from holding tho balance of power they would finally control tho destinies of the Government. "It is of no avail," said ho, "to close our eyes to passing events around us in this country and in Europe. Everything proclaims that, Booner or hfcter, we shall have to meet the strong and the powerful, and contend over the tombs of our fathers for our consecrated hearthstones, and house hold Gods, or abandon our country to be? come a black colony, and seek for our? selves a refuge in the wilderness of the West. It is in vain to avoid contest V How significant arc these predictions of 1836. when read by the light of the Pres? idential Canvass of 1860, and the lurid glare of all that hasfollowed in its wake ! His speech on the Fortification Bill, in May, 1836, attracted much attention from the vigorous exposition of the real nature of tho changes going on in the Govern? ment, which he contended were virtual alterations of the nature of tho Govern I ment itself. At this day it has a high additional value from its predictions, since realized, as to tho changes which would bo produced in naval warfare by tho ap? plication of steam power. During tho same year ho was among tho first who advocated tho independence of Texas, in opposition to the views exrpessed by Gov. McDuffic, and others of the dominant par? ty of South Carolina and elsewhero ; and in 1837 made one of tho first speeches in Congress in % favor cf the Independent Treasury Scheme. A series of speeches delivered by him from this time to 1841, on the relation of the Government to Banks, and tho Banking System, and on the subject of Ex? changes, excited widespread comment and admiration in the great commercial and financial centres of the Union, and may be read at this day with pleasure and profit. The Report mado by him as Chairman of tho Committee on Foreign Eolations, in 1840, on the burning of the Steamboat Caroline, and tho demand made by tho British for McLeod, exhibi? ted his views of our Foreign relations, and creatod a sensation both hero and in England. He continued in Congress, an active participant in all leading debates, till tho 4th March, 1843, when ho was elected to fill the unexpircd term of Major Jeter in the State Senate. Ho was a member of tho State Conven? tion of 1852, and drew its Ordinanco affirming tho right of Secession, reported by a Committee composed of Chancellor Wardlaw, Eobert W. Barnwell and him? self. On the election of Mr. Buchanan to tho Presidency, he accepted tho Mission to St. Petersburg, having previously declined the Mission to France, tendered him by President Tyler, and the Mission to Eng? land, tendered him by President Polk. During his residence as American Minis tor in St. Petersburg, ho jealousy guarded tho honor and dignity of his country, and vigilantly watched its interests, so far as these came, or could como, within the scope of his duties or powers; and the Legation whs the seat of an elegant hos? pitality, embellished by all that female grace and ingenuity could devise to re? mind American visitors to the ice-bound Capital of all tho Kussias, of the de? lights of our own more temperate clime. But his heart amid all tho ostentation and gaiety of diplomatic lifo, was with his home and people in tho sunny South; and the John Brown Kaid, tho disruption of tho Democratic party under tho bold lead of Yancey, in which party Mr. Pickens had long thought was tho last hope of a Constitutional Union, and the increasing excitement of domestic politics,-admon? ished all who believed with him, their primary allegianco due to their State and not to tho Federal Government; that the prologue which had lasted for thirty years was hastening rapidly to a close; that tho black curtain which had shutdown like a pall between the Beer-like eyes of Calhoun and the future, was about to bo raised upon the first scene of the Grand Drama whoso denouomont no mortal could fore? tell; that the conflict of opinions which had descended from Jefferson and Hamil? ton to Calhoun and Webster, to Pickens and Fessenden, was now being debated for tho last time as a conflict of opinion be? tween Wigfall and Johnson ; and that be? yond tho Atlantic was no place for them whoso solemn duty and high privilege it was to bo where, if other conflict suc? ceeded the conflict of opinion, they could meet their enemy at tho gate. Ho re? signed his position as Minister to Russia, came to Washington, settled his accounts with tho Department, and reached Caro? lina amid the excitement which prevailed in November, 1860. Tho times were darkening, and ovents, more unmistakable than the fitful boating of tho public pulse, proclaimed in tones too audible to bo misundorstood, that those who had just been chosen by tho pooplo of Carolina to select a fit occupant for tho Executive Chair, wero called upon to make that selection under circumstan? ces more momentous, and at a time more big with fate, than had evor lallen to the lot of the representatives of tho people. Names of good mon and true,- of civil and military fame, of National as well as State reputation, wore presented, but the loud voice of popular acclaim, on tho 16th Dccembcr,1860, four days beforo tho Stato formally sundered tho bonds which bound her to bIio American Union, wailed the returned Minister from Russia into that high offico which then required for tho discharge of its Herculean duties and re? sponsibilities, faculties not second to those which, iu times almost as dark and peril? ous, had vindicated the claims of John Rutledge and Robert Y. Hayno to tho same exalted position, now the solemn trust confidod to him was oxecuted,? how well,?how wisely,?how firmly,? how dauntlossly,?with what ceaseless vigilanco for tho honor and intcretrts of! the grand old Commonwealth?with what oarnost desire for peace,?with what vig? orous preparation for war,?with what nervo, whon honor called for tho decisive shot at tho * Star of the West,"?-with what fidelity to tho sister Statos who had allied their fortunes, for better or worse, with South Carolina, who, single-handed and alone, in defence of her principles, had stepped into tho fearful arena,?is it not written in the Eecord of tho eventful two years during which he held the helm of tho Stato of South Carolina? That Record can never perish ! And whatever may bo tho fato of South Carolina, the name of Francis Wilkinson Pickens will be forever and aye entwined with the de? cisive initiatory steps which she took in armed defence of those principles of free Government, and theories of States Rights, for which ho had contended with unswerving fidelity from youth to age; for it was his fortune as her Executive Chief to illustrate in action her opinions and creed, at a time and under circum? stances which can never bo forgotten. The viows which Governor Pickens pressed upon the Confederate Govern? ment as to the management of its For? eign relations, differing so widely from those which tho Richmond Cabinet adop? ted, have not been, and perhaps never will be published. Suffice it to Bay that his views were based upon an attentive study of our Diplomatic history; upon tho actual condition of the Foreign rela? tions of tho United States Government then existing; upon his personal knowl? edge of the policy of tho different Pow? ers, partially developed, and partially foreshadowed, by tho Corps of able Am? bassadors over present at the Russian Court, almost tho Head Quarters of the Diplomacy of Civilization,?and upon his profound and enlightened conviction that neither formal recognition nor moral aid could bo relied on at any early period of the gigantic struggle between the States, from the great Powers, whoso favorable action was so confidently expected by the Confederate Executive and tho people of the South. In his opinion, no considerations based on the diminished supply of that mighty plant " which keeps steam ex? panding, machinery in motion, and the lightning traversing the wires," or any other material interest likely to be seri? ously affected by the war botween the States, would be found sufficiently potent, in the brief time so gcnerully supposed, to.induce the English or French Cabinet to interfere for the repression of tho as? saults mado by the spirit of the ago upon the Chinese wall maintained by the South against the public opinion of the civilized world, the Areopagus of modern times. He thought that a wise direction of tho Foreign relations of tho Confede? rate Government would rather seek to in? terest in its favor those great nations whom a similarity of institutions might admonish that their interests and fate, in that regard, were to a certain extent bound up with the South. But Dis aliter visum, and when long afterward viows somewhat similar to thoso of Governor Pickens were presontcd to the Spanish Secretary of Foreign Affairs, it was too late. Mr. Seward had anticipated tho Richmond Cabinet. During the adminis? tration of Governor Pickens there arose an excited controversy growing out of the continued existonce of the Conven? tion, tho Execnlivo Council, and its acts, involving questions as to tho naturo of Sovereignty, tho power of Legislatures calling Conventions of tho People, and tho power of those Conventions when called and in existence, which had beon discussed in tho Nullification Convention and tho Legislatures of that day, about which tho Doctors of tho States Rights Party had then differed, which had not then boon definitely settled, and which now in tho midst of a raging war; awoko and stirred themselves from their Daedal Couch. Arguments in favor of the legal? ity of tho Council and its acts were ably and elaborately presented by its advo? cates, and Gov. Pickens ably, firmly, and zealously defended his viows of tho Exec? utive prerogative, and the Constitutional partition of powers between the different Departments of the Government. The voice of the people, as evinced in tho fall elections of 1802, and the acts of tho Leg? islature then elected, was avorso to what they regarded as an "impcrium in imperio." But the action of tho Convention, provi? ding for tho dissolution of itself and the Council, soon withdrew tho question from tho domain of practical, to that of specu? lative politics, and all excitement on tho subject ceased. As a practical question it 6oems not probablo that it will speedily bo resurrected again ; as a speculative ques? tion " sub jadicelis est," and is likely so to remain. Gov. Pickens, at the expiration of his term of offico, retired to private life, after two years of excitement which would havo tried nerrves of iron'. From this re? tirement he omorgod but once again into public viow as a member of tho Conven? tion in 1865, called by Provisional Gov? ernor Porry, undor President Johnson's Reconstruction programme. He took a prominent part in tho debates on somo of tho leading provisions of tho Constitution" then adopted, and consistent and logical in his States Rights theories and princi? ples to the last, moved and carried an Ordinance for tho Repeal of tho Secession Ordinance of 1860,?tho llopcal affirming the past validity ot that which is repealed. After his retirement ho returned, with tho heartiness oi a boy lot free from school, to agricultural pursuits, tho favor ito oeewpation of tho Carolina gentleman, for which ho over had a passion, hut from which tho toils of public lite had long de? barred him, and he enjoyed to tho last (what many who havo hold high public station havo not beon so fortunato as to possess,) tho esteem, respect and affection of his neighbors, and unbounded popular? ity among tho pooplo of his own District, ?a popularity based upon thoir regard as well for his pure character and moral worth, as his intellectual endowments; for though ever courteous and affable, he contemned tho fawning arts which aomo timos avail demagogues on the hustings and in popular canvasses, and with high and low ."he bore without abuso the grand old name of gentleman." Edgewood, after the long absence of its master, was again thrown open, and be? came as in former days, the abode of ele? gance, refinement and hospitality; the resort of wit, beauty and talent; and even after its master's fortunes were shattered by the disastrous crash with whieh the I Confederate Government, and the proper? ty of the South fell, it was still to its vis? itors what it ever had been?what Hol? land House was to the Whig coterie?the most delightful of houses, The serpentine avenues and tho pleasant grounds, the house over whose door might have been inscribed, as over Earle Cowper's, " tuum est," the library, the paintings, the works of art, still remain. The graceful and accomplished mistress who presided over all this lovely scene, and whoss smilo was wont in happier days to light up as with magic the loDg galleries and dusky corridors, still re? mains?chastened, and in her widow's weeds. But the cordial grasp of the hand with which tho master ot tho house greet? ed his guest; his genial welcome which combined courtly hospitality with rural abandon ; his "kindness far more admira? ble than grace," which put the humblest visitor at his ease?these no longer are there; for that master to whom these be? longed, after a long and lingering illness, cheered by all the consolations of the Christian Religion, sleeps quietly in the Village Churchyard. He has left "no son of Iiis succeeding" to perpetuate his name, bt t he has left contributions to debates on great occasions, speeches on vital sub? jects, striking addresses and important messages, the collection and publication of which would bo his fittest memorial - It is dr.o to history, to the State, and to him. And independently of what editors, biographers, and collectors may do for his future fame, ho has left much which is indissolubly entwined with the most exciting passages in tho history of South Carolina. And what can never be for? gotten. "To her voting sons, the model of a lifo Mild in its calm, majestic in its strife; To her rich history, blocks of purest ore-=* To her grand blazon, one proud quartering more." -? The StaFF or* Life.?A year ago the pr2ss of the whole South urged the plan? ter to direct his first and sturdiest efforts to the cultivation of breadstuff's. Three years experience of cotton planting had proved that it was unwise to risk a for? tune on one cast of the die, and that it was useless to make cotton for sale at a high price it the proceeds were to be con? sumed in buying bread and meat. We have now the results of another sea? son before us; a season of desperate exer? tion and unusual cost. Larger sums than ever before were spent in fertilizing the soil, strenuous attempts were made to pro? duce a mammoth crop of our staple, and the end of it all is?a cotton crop four or five hundred thousand bales larger than that of last year, and a general scarcity of corn. In this State the Cotton crop will be less than it was in 1808, and corn must be bought steadily until a new crop comes in. That they cannot be independent while they trust to one crop alone, the i?ost ob? stinate planters will learn in time. Why will they riot try the experiment now, and plant full crops of cereals in this new-born year? With well-filled' corn cribs, with a full supply of hay and fodder, with a stock of cows and sheep, they cannot come to want They can, besides, command at all times the best labor in the markets.? And we firmly believe that they can make more hard money by diversifying the crops than by giving all their health, wealth and strength to cultivating cotton alone. The cotton which bleaches the fields may crown our hard endeavor, but what we lean on most is?bread, the staff of life.? Charleston News. Resignation of Senator Pratt of In? diana.?Mr. Pratt, of Indiana, is about to do a most astounding thing. He is about to resign his position as United States Senator. The act is nearly without pre? cedent; the reasons for it are entirely so. Mr. Pratt resigns bocauso he docs not like the place, and because' it makes him un? happy to bo Senator. Now, this may seom a fair reason for resignation, but we can suggest a better one. If some of his associates would only resign because it makes the public unhappy to have them as United States Senators, thero would be more people pleased at tho result. We cannot count Mr. Pratt's action wholly in accord with tho duties of a citizen who has been called upon to fill a most respon? sible office; and yet the man who wants to get out of ofRco shows such abounding good sense, that in default of fullor infor? mation, we take it for granted that Mr'. Pratt is acting wisely. , He was elected a year ago as a compromise candidate, after a number of Indiana republicans had btrlted tho nomination of Lieut. Gov. Cumback, because of tho discovery that Mr. Cumback had sought to rndnco Gov. Bakor, prior to tho eloction of tho latter named gentleman, to promise to appoint, himself to the first vacancy in the Senate. Baker oxposed this fact, and thus defeated Cumback. It may be taken for granted,' therefore, that tho Governor is not likely now to fill tho vacancy soon to bo mado by tho appointment of tho gentleman whoso namo most roadily occurs to tho' public in connection with it.?Neio York Tribune. ? A correspondent of the Scientific American believes that tho Pacific Rail? road is to have an offect in changing tho meteorological character of tho plains.? His theory is that the bands of iron fur? nish such a means of establishing an ele? trical equilibrium that the climate is ren? dered more equable and the rainfall over the country is sensibly equalized. An Act to Promote the Beconstruction of* Georgia. The following is the full text of tho bill as passed by Congress on the 21st ultimo, remanding Georgia to a territorial condi? tion, and making new and further require* rttetfts of her people before admission iri-' t? tho Union: Be it enacted, Th?t the Goverfl?r of Georgia be and he is hereby authorized and directed, forthwith, by proclamation, to summon all persons elected to the Gen* erat Assembly, as appears by the procla? mation of Meade, dated <f?ne 2dlu 1868, to appear on some day certain named J? the proclamation, at Atlanta, and there? upon said General Assembly shall proceed to perfect its organization in conformity" with the Constitution and laws of tho United States according to the provisions of this act. 2nd. That when the members, so elec? ted, to the Senate and Houso of .Repre? sentatives, shall be convened, evetymenv ber, and every person claiming to be elec* ted as a member of the Senate or House of Eepresentatives, shall, in addition Ut taking the oath required by the Constitu? tion of Georgia, also take and subscribe, and file in the office of the Secretary of State of Georgia, one of the following oaths or affirmations, namely: I do solemnly swear or .affirm, that I have never held the office or performed! the duties of Senator or Representative in Congress, nor been a member Of the? Legislature of any State of the United1 States, nor held any civil offioe created by law for the administration of any general law of a State, or for the administration' of justico in any State, undor the laws of the United States, nor held, any office in the military or naval service of the Uni? ted States, and thereafter engaged in in? surrection or rebellion against the United States, or gave aid or comfort to its eney mies, or rendered, except in consequent* of direct physical force, any support or aid to any insurrection or rebellion against* the United States, nor held any office un? der, or given any support to any Govern? ment acting in hostility to the United; States, or levying war against the United States, so help me God; or on pains anil penalties of perjury, as the case may be.. Or tho following oath or affirmation, namely: I do solemnly swear ox. affirm, that I have been relieved by an Act of Congress from disabilities, as provided by the Fourteenth Amendment, so help me' God?or, Oh pains and ferial ties of per? jury, as the case may be; which oath of affirmation, when so filed, shall be enter? ed on record by the Secretary of State ot Georgia. Said oath or affirmation, or tt copy of the record thereof, duly certified; by the said Secretary of State, shall be' evidence in all Courts and places. Every person claiming to be bo elected, who' shall refuse, or decline, or neglect, Or be unable to take one of said oaths or affirm a'-' tions, shall not be admitted to a seat in the Senate or House of Representatives/ 3rd. That if any person claiming. tO be' elected to the Senate or House shall faf-" sely take either oaths, ho shall be cteemed^ guilty of perjury, and suffer the pains an<^ penalties thereof, and may bo tried5,* therefore, by the Circuit Court.?f tqe? United States for the District of Georgia^ in which District the crime was commit? ted. The jurisdiction of said Court shall bo sole and exclusive for tho purpose aforesaid. 4th. That the persons elected and* en? titled to compose such Legislature, ifjho1 shall comply with tho provisions of*, this? Act, shall thereupon proceed to reorga? nize the Senate and Houso by the emo? tion of proper officers. 5th. That if any person shaft, by force, violence or fraud, wilfully hindef ?r inter? rupt any person elected from' taking eith? er of the oaths or affirmations prescribed, or from participating in the proceedings'1 of the Senate or House, after having ta? ken one of said oaths Or affirmations, and otherwise complied with this Act, heshalF be deemed gnilty of lelony, and may ber tried therefor by the Circuit or District' Court of the United States for the Dis? trict of Georgia, frV which the offence-may' bo committed,' and >hall be. punished by" imprisonment at hard, labor for not less" than two, nor more than ten. year?, sind jurisdiction of said Court shaft bviOie1 and exclusive. 6th. That it is berctr-*/ rfeeiaretf ib?i the* explosion of any person,? elected".ad afore? said1, arid being otherwise qualified, from? participation in the proceedings ot the1 Scnato or House, npon the'ground ofraoey color or previotrs condition of servitude would be illegal and revolutionary, an'd'f* hereby prohibited. 7th. That upon application of the ?Wv eTnor"of Georgia,' the President Of the United States shall employ su6li military or naval force's of (ho Un'ftcd States as may bo necessary to enforce and execute* tho preceding provisions of this' Act, 8th. That the Legislature shall ratify' the Fifteenth. Amendment proposed* VO' tho Constitution of tho United States,, b'eforo the Senators and Representatives from Georgia are admitted to seats in Congress. ? An effectual remedy for 'smallpox ia~ said to have been recently fo md by a sur? geon of the British army in China. The' mode of treatment is as follbWs r When the proceding fever is at its height, and} just beforo the eruption appears, tneehesfc is rubbed witherotou oil and tartaricoint-. ment. This causes tho whole of theerup* tion to appear on that part of the body, to the relief of thereat. It also securer a full and complete eruption, and tbna> prevents the disease from attacking th? internal organs. This is now the estab-' fished mode ot treatment in the Ehglibtii I army in China, and is regarded ae- a per I feet cure.