The Aiken recorder. [volume] (Aiken, S.C.) 1881-1910, September 04, 1889, Image 4
AIR SHIPS.
Problem of Their Construction
Receiving Great Attention.
Vessels of the Future That Will
Sail the Aerial Sea.
The problem of air navigation is re
ceiving more attention now than ever
before. Nor is it “cranks'* only who
are working at it. Mechanical engi
neers of ability and reputation are de
voting time and thought to its solution.
That some one wilt work it out at a
■ not very distant day is not at all impos
sible, nor even improbable. It is sim
ply a question of increasing power with
out increasing the weight of the appa
ratus by which the power is developed.
Just how much the ratio of power to
weight must be increased we do not
venture to say, but there are no suffi
cient grounds for asserting that such
increase is impracticable. The solution
of the problem may be found in im
proved engines and boilers, or in new
fuels, or in storage batteries, or in some
yet unexplored part of the field of elec
trical force. It would be rash to pre
dict just how success will be reached,
but it would be much more rash to insist
that it never will ba reached.
The successful airship will, it is safe
to say, be a large structure, very light
weight compared with its strength, but
yet many times heavier than the air
which it displaces. The mechanical
skill which ha) produced that marvel of
lightness and strength, the modern
bicycle, will not find the task of design
ing such a structure too difficult.
Attempts to navigate the air by means
of gas-inflated receptacles have been
persisted in through a hundred years,
but no real success has been reached.
Such devices, in spite of all the efforts
to make them dirigible, are but as
feathers in the wind. All such at
tempts are in the wrong direction. A
bird can fly—not because it is compara
tively light in weight (for it is not) but
because it is strong. Its breast muscles
by which its wings are operated, are cf
immense proportionate size, and the
rapid circulation of its blood supplies
these muscles with abundant stores of
energy. Of all living creatures the vital
energies of the bird are the most in
tense, and it is, therefore, able to pro-
V.ducc the power required to sustain its
body in and propel it through the air.
A Western inventor proposes to solve
the problem by means of an immense
cylinder 500 feet long and 100 feet in
diameter, from the inside of which the
air is to be exhausted in order to lighten
w it. The plan will not bear investiga-
air in such cylinder would
,about 150
._C.steiuiin.fc
would bo (theoretically)
pump out about 200
the cylinder itself, made of quarter-
inch steel without any internal bracing,
would weigh at least 1,200 tons. Com
pared with this the weight of the air is
insignificant—hardly more than that of
the food in a pigeon’s crop compared
, with the weight of its entire body.
And as to exhaust the air from the
cylinder would at once subject it to a
pressure of considerably over 3,000,000
pounds from the outside atmosphere the
scheme appears rather wild. Much less
open to adverse criticism is the plan
suggested by Mr. E. C. Stcdman years
ago in the then Scribner's Monthly Mag
azine, which was to fill all the hollow
spaces in the proposed air ship with
hydrogen gas. This gas, at normal
pressure, would sustain the pressure of
the atmosphere, while its weight is only
one-fourteenth that of air.
The notion that aluminum, because of
its lightness, may make aerial naviga
tion possible, is a mistaken one. That
metal has only about one-third the
strength of steel and no special advan
tage could be gained from its use.
The successful air ship will not be a
bag of gas nor an exhausted receiver,
but a structure having the strength of
steel and carrying machinery of compar
atively little weight, but capable of de
veloping enormous power. It will lift
itself from the earth anl hold a level
flight through space because of the tre
mendous force with which the air is
beaten by its huge whirling oars, or the
blades of its swiftly revolving screws.
It will be able to maintain its course
against those currents of the aerial sea,
the wind. And it is not unlikely that
the first successful voyage through up
per air will mark the farthest limit of
man’s achievement in his struggle of
the ages to subdue the realm of nature
and bend to his own uses its most un
tamable forces. There will then be no
new field for the mechanical engineer to
conquer.—Railway Master Mechanic.
Facta Regarding Babies.
In the course of a lecture delivered in
few Orleans the other d iy a distin-
;uished female physician said that the
nability of a baby to hold up its head
vas not due to the weakness of the
leek, but to the lack of development of
ts will power. The act of standing
vas instinctive and initiative, while
acial expression and gesture were due
dmost wholly to imitation. A baby’s
mile, she said, was the most misunder-
tood thing in infancy. A real smile
nust have an idea bahind it, but the
expression resembling a smile, which is
io often seen on a very young baby’s
lace, was without an idea, and was due
:o the easy condition of the stomach or
to socte other physical satisfaction. The
smile with an idea does not appear
earlier than the fourth week. So, too,
with the crying of a baby. The con
tortion of the features is due to physi
cal causes. The baby sheds no tears,
because the lachrymal glands are not
developed for several weeks after birth.
The chief pleasure of all children is
to change from one ccmdition to an
other by their own efforts. This is the
beginning of the development of the
will power, and is often attested in
what has been called the “imperative
intention of tears.” This is not dis
closed until after the second or third
month.
A baby tests everything by its mouth,
its sense of taste being the surest and
most reliable guide it has. The atten
tion of all young children is difficult to
attract, and they m ist attain considera
ble age before they begin to notice.
Then colors and sounds are most poten
tial. Fear has been known to be mani
fested by a baby only three weeks old,
and in all cases the sensation is pro
duced by sound more than by sight.
Children of luxurious and carefully
guarded homes are almost wholly with
out fear, but the children of poor and
exposed parents always manifest it.
Jealousy and sympathy begin to mani
fest themselves in the second year. Cu
riosity also begins to develop here, and
proves to be a self-feeder throughout
childhood. A little later the ego be
gins to appear, and the baby has the
first consciousness of itself. The ego
first appears as a muscular sense, and
the infant gradually learns to distin
guish itself from surrounding objects.
It is fi:st the hand that is distinguished
and then the foot and finally the whole
body.
Memory does not appear before the
child is two years of age. All the rea
soning of children is primitive and ele
mentary, and develops slowly. Darwin
noted an association of ideas in the
mind of his child when it was only five
months of age.
The lecturer related experiences of
babies with the first view of mirrors,
and showed that their actions under the
new conditions were similar to those of
anthropoid apes and dogs under like
conditions.
Bibtcal Relics in Damascus.
Damascus is so fortunate as to possess
the tombs of three of Mohamet’s wives
and of Fatimah and the tomb of
Saladin, which Nicolas of Russia in
1867 found in a bad condition and re
stored at a cost of $16,000. But no
name is connected with Damascus of
equal importance in history with that of
Saul of Tarsus, who on his journey to
the city saw the “brightness above the
midday sun,” and underwent the mirac
ulous transformation from the persecu
tor to the earnest advocate of the Chris
tian faith. The street called
is uuny lev* BITOV mu—revei'
present thdroughfare of that naife,
which is the straightest avenue I saw in
any Eastern city.' The house of
Ananias, the house of Judas, the
very fountain where Paul was baptized
and the place where he was let down
from the wall, in a basket, are shown,
but hardly satisfy the critical or roman
tic interest of the tourist. The Christ
ian population in the city is about 12, -
000, most all of which belongs to the
Greek communion. The Catholics have
some flourishing schools and five build
ings. Excellent Protestant schools are
conducted by the British Syrian Mission
and the Mission of the Irish Presbyter
ian church. The Rev. M. Phillips, of
Ireland, and a missionary for twelve
years in Damascus, told me that the
Mohametani would be accessible if the
espionage and opposition of the govern
ment were withdrawn. As it is there
are groups who study the Scriptures in
secret.—Mail and Express.
Alaska Currents.
The dried currant-like fruit frequently
referred to by travellers in Alaska as
gathered by the Indians in immense
quantities, is not a true currant, but the
berries of the Shepherdia argentea, a
large shrub known in our Northern
States and Territories as the Buffalo
berry. A correspondent residing at
Fort Wrangle, Alaska, writes us that
this is about the only native edible fruit
of the country, and the Indians appre
ciate it so highly that they gather and
dry it for winter use, the berries not
only serving as an agreeable acid sauce,
but no doubt adding much to the health
of the consumer. While this handsome
and prolific shrub is a native of the
colder regions of the Rocky Mountains
from New Mexico northward to Alaska,
it also thrives in the gardens of our
eastern cities and their suburbs, where
it has been sparingly cultivated for the
past half century, and perhaps for a
longer time.
SCIENTIFIC SCRAPS.
Wot balloons are being made in Eng-
1 land for the French army.
Parachutes have been adopted in Ger
many for campaigning purposes.
An average of five feet of water is es
timated to fall annually over the whole
earth.
An Italian engineer has successfully
presented the incrustation of steam
boilers by the use of sugar.
There is quite an agitation on this
side the water in favor of metal ties in
stead of depleting our forests year by
year.
The electrical treatment of sewage
bids fair to give sanitary engineers one
of the most valuable improvements sub
mitted to them in a long time.
English authorities have concluded
that dynamic cooling, if not the sole
cause of rain, is at all events, the only
cause of any importance, all other causes
being either inoperative or relatively in
significant.
Worcester, Mass., has a factory for
the manufacture of corrugated steel
barrel hoops, lately invented, which are
said to be elastic, and hug barrels oi 1
packages tightly. They are welded in
two seconds.
It is pointed out that when much dust
is present in the atmosphere the heat of
the sun is greatly absorbed, hence it
seems probable that dust particles may
aid in the formation of fogs in another
way than by acting as nuclei.
Professor Elisha Gray remarks that
electrical science has made a greater ad
vance in the last twenty years than in
all the 6000 historic years preceding.
More is discovered in one day now than
in a thousand years of the middle ages.
A Lewiston (Me.) paper says: “A
method of distinguishing the mushroom
from the poisonous toadstool is said to
be by sprinkling salt on the under side.
If it turns black the mushroom is good;
if yellow, it is poisonous. Time should
be given the salt to act. ”
It has been noticed that a jet of com
pressed gas inflicts upon the body an
injury of the same nature as a burn.
Dr. B. W. Richardson has accordingly
suggested the use of compressed gas—
carbonic acid as most convenient—as a
cautery, with advantages in removing
warts, etc.
The fastest locomotive employed in
carrying the Scotch mail, where the
highest rate of speed in England is at
tained, has three cylinders, a new de
parture in locomotive building, and a
seven-feet driving wheel. It has been
made specially for high speed with
heavy trains.
The wiring of the ' Parliament Build
ing in Vienna has been quite ingeniously
accomplished, the princij
> mngn^|MflBHHHHIH3f>y'ventilat-
through
ing the maom^^^Bii^ftons on the
walls to remain uninjured.
An artesian well in North City, a
suburb of St. Augustine. Fla., is said to
have the largest flow of any artesian
well in the world. It is an eight-inch
well, and its flow exceeds the highest
expectations. From a measurement
made by Dr. J. E. Rainey, the flow ex
ceeds 8000 gallons per minute, or over
11,500,000 gallons every twenty-four
hours.
While we expect to find the ears
upon the head in the larger animals, we
look in vain for tho same arrangement
in the lower invertebrate creatures.
Many of these, like the scallop, have no
head; others, like crabs and lobsters,
have no ears placed on their horns or
attennse; others, like the green grass
hopper, have the ear on the foreleg;
others, like the fresh-water shrimp,
have it on the tail.
A Safety Coffin.
One of the most curious inventions of
1868 was that of a safety coffin, intend
ed to obviate the results of premature
burial, and invented by M. Ycster, a
German. The coffin was made larger
than required by the size of the body;
it had at the head a movable lid, com
municating with the open air by means
of a square trough from the bottom of
the grave. The arrangement was such
that a person might thus readily escape
from the tomb. Tne inventor proposed
to place refreshments in the coffin as a
prudent precaution against starvation!
Mettlesome.
“I showed ’em the mettle I was made
of.”
4 *What did you do that for? Hadn’t
they ever seen brass before?”
Effects of Meat.
How is it that so far higher a temper,
ature of air can be borne by the human
body than of water? When the body is
exposed to a very high temperature the
amount of exhalation from the sudorif
erous ducts is immensely increased, and
it is on account of the rapid evapora
tion which takes place that persons have
been able to endure for several minutes
a temperature greatly exceeding that of
boiling water. The amount of vapor
that is lost from the body under these
conditions amounts to from two to four
pounds an hour. A much greater ele
vation of temperature can be tolerated
with impunity in dry air than m moist.
A familiar instance is that of the Rus
sian vapor bath (moist air) and the
Turkish bath (dry air). In the former
a temperature of 130 decrees Fahren
heit is almost unbearable, while ia
the case of the latter a temperature of
ICO degrees to 200 degrees can be boine
without danger. A hot-water bath of
110 degrees to 150 degreei would be
absolutely unsafe, and would tcud to
scald, the pores of the skin being
nuable to properly fulfill their evapora
ting functions in water of this tempera
ture. Tiilett record; an instance where
a young girl remained in an oven for
ten minutes without inconvenience at a
temperature of 324.5 degrees. Dr.
Blagden found that 211 degrees could
bj easily borne. Chabert, who exhibited
as the “Fire King,” is said to have
entered ovens at from 400 degrees to
500 degrees Fahrenheit. In such cases
as these the body is protected from the
radiated heat by ^ifaiing; the air is
perfectly dry, and the animal heat is
kept down by the excessive exhalation
from the surface of the skin.
PEARLS OF THOUGHT.
;
The sting of reproach is the truth of
it. \
Vows made in storms arc (forgotten ia
calms.
Envy shoots at other^-Aind wounds
herself. \
Youth and white paper so)m make an
impression. /
Zeal without knowledge? is like fire
without light.
A goosequill is more dangerous than
a lion’s claw.
Beware of a silent dog an$ a wet rat.
I
What we call time enough always
proves little enough.
History is not fable agreed upon, but
truth disagreed upon.
Remember impertinence isn’t wit, any
more than insolence is brilliancy.
A little seeing saves much looking; a
little speaking saves much talking.
He who waits to do a great good at
once will seldom do anything at all.
Gratitude is the music of the heart
when its chords are moved by kind
ness.
Fortunes are made by taking oppor
tunities;. character is made by making
them.
Don’t indulge in the luxury of strong
opinions in the presence of your elders
and betters.
If young men will not believe in
themselves, no man or woman can be
lieve in them.
Edison's Home Life.
Thomas A. Edison, the great inven
tor, while in Pittsburg recently, was
interviewed by a Dispatch reporter, to
whom he revealed some of the charac
teristics of his mode of living:
Yes, I am a hard worker. I hardly
ever sleep more than four hours per
day, and I could keep this up for a
year. Sometimes I sleep ten hours, but
I don’t feel well when Ldg, If I could
sleep eight hours, as most men do, I
would wake up feeling badly. My eyes
would hurt me, and I would have a
tough time to keep awake. I inherit
this from my father. He is a remark
able old man, eating little and sleeping
less. I have often known him, when I
was a boy, to sit up all night talking
politics with a friend or swapping sto
ries.
I eat about a pound a day, and my
food is very simple, consisting of some
toast, a little potato, or something of
that kind. You know when I am work
ing on anything I keep at it night and
day, sleeping a few hours with my
clothes on. I never take them off;
don’t even wash my face; couldn’t think
of such a thing, dad in this .condition
I take my meals. IFSf werq^o remove
niv 1
ay den in
myself in
re
morning
to work
Isis all the
ts of fun in
e ago I had
n the incan-
building. I
feeling out of sha{S
to go to work. 4 6”
the laboratory, am. I
there and hu;tle.
I sleep from 1 to 6 in
and then 1 jump up and
again as fresh as a bid.
sleep I need.
But I tell you we hve
the laboratory. Son* til
42 men working with me
descent lamp in the »ig
hired a German to plar an organ for us
all night and we worked 1 y the music.
About 1 o’clock a farmer brought in our
lunch and wo ate from a long table. At
first the boys had some difficulty in
keeping awake and would go to sleep
under stairways and in the corners. We
employed watchers to bring them out,
and in time they got used to it. After
awhile I didn’t need forty-two of
them and I discharged six of them.
Well, do you know, I couldn’t drive
them away. They stayed there and
worked for nothing.
Oh, we enjoy this kind of life! Every
now and then I hire a bigj schooner and
we go down the bay, my men and my-
self, to fish for a few days. Then we
come back and buckle down to it
again.
The True Eating Banana.
The true eating banana^or “madura, ”
is said to be unknown in Northern coun
tries, the varieties we import being sim
ply those which are used in the land of
their growth for cooking purposes.
Many varieties of the madura are recog
nized, each of which is distinct in
flavor; the smaller are the more deli
cious, and’ the smallest of all, the so-
called “lady-finger banana,” with a
skin hardly thicker than paper, is the
moijt highly prized. Green cooking
bananas are peeled and roasted in the
ashes and eaten with butter; partially
ripe ones are boiled for a few minutes
with the skin on and eaten with syrup
or honey; and ripe ones are sliced
lengthwise and fried in olive-oil or but
ter.
Seeing the Wind.
Take a polished metallic surface of
two feet or more, with a straight edge;
a large hand-saw will answer the pur.
pose. Select a windy day, whether hot
or cold, clear or cloudy| only let it not
rain or the air be miurky—in other
words, let the air be jlry. Hold the
metallic surface at righjt angles to the
wind, i. e., if the wind is north, hold
your surface east and west, and incline
it at an angle of abojit forty-five de
grees, so that the wind jstriking, glances
and flows over the edge. Now sight
carefully over the edge : at some minute
and clearly defined object, and you will
see the a»r flow over as water flows over
a dam.
The World-Old Question.
Joy, shame, disaster, passion, love and
grief—
Pray what are these to him who stands
alone
Within the desert of a shadowy world,
And marks the shadow of his own life fall
Across the sands that hold no footprint
yet?
To him. that shadow is so great, it fills
The widest margin of the earth and sky;
And yet he questions: Is he grain of sand.
Or shadow vague, amii the shadows there,
And all the grains of sand?
—David A. Curtis in Drake's Magazine.
HUMOROUS.
There is one good thing about a pig.
He noses business.
Even the golden rule is only electro
plated in these days of sham.
‘•Uncle,” said a sweet girl of
eighteen, “is love blind?” “Yes, my
dear, when the other party is rich, ” an
swered he.
The base-bal 1 player has no fear of
his cheek. That is hard and durable.
He puts on the muzzle to save his nose
and front teeth.
Prudent Lover: I have a vital secret
to confide in you, which you must
promise to forever hold sacred. Kind
Parent: What is your secret? Prudent
Lover: I want your daughter’s hand in
marriage. Kind Parent: I shall never
give it away.
It is wonderful when you think of it
what a large number of men have start
ed out into the world without a penny
and have worked their way up so that
they are now nearly as well off as when
they first started out.
Husband—‘ ‘Well, my dear, what did
the magnetic physician say to you?”
Wife—“He says I am a sick woman,
and that my nervous system is not in
equilibrium. He says I am too posi
tive.” Husband—“Humph! I could
have told you that and saved a couple
of dollars.”
FROK FAR Aim MR.
Unusual Occurrences in Tarions
Parts of the Country.
Haymaking in Finland.
A curious way of making hay is very
generally adopted by tho Fins. Poor
men who own no meadows have long
been accustomed to cut what grass they
can find in the forest glades and other
waste lands. Owing to the lack of
roads and farmsteads the hay was
stuffed among the branches of neighbor-
ing trees to await the winter frost and
snow, when it could easily be carried
off by sledges. After a wet season
some farmers noticed that this was
actually better in quality than that
which they themselves had made from
much better grass. The wild crop, so
to call it, had dried much better in the
tree branches exposed to a free circula
tion of air than the rich herbage which
bad laid long on the sodden ground.
Hence it occurred to them to make
tghich their own
dried. * " 1 ■
>riment was attended by such
success that the plan has been widely
imitated, and bids fair entirely to sup
plant the old-fashioned methods. After
the mowing is done a number of poles
about ten feet in length, and provided
with long transverse pegs, are set up at
intervals, and the grass is loosely heaped
upon them. The result is said to be
excellent. Even in wet weather only
a small portion forming the outside of
the pile is discolored, while the inne r
portions, exposed to the air beneath and
protected from the rain above, are dried
in perfect condition. Mowing can be
carried on in spite of wind and rain, and
when once the grass is placed upon the
drying poles it may be left without fear
of serious damage until the weather
changes.—Mark Lane Express.
The President Lays the Comer
Stone of a Veteran’s Monument.
A dispatch from Indianapolis, Ind., says:
A crowd of 50,000 visitors surged into th«
Hoosier capital, the occasion being the dedi
cation of the Soldiers’ and Sailors' Monument
of Indiana. Such a jam of .curious, pushing
and hungry people had never been known be
fore in this quiet city.
Gay bunting, flags and streamers lent a
true holiday aspect to the scene. The pub
lic buildings and the downtown business
blocks were arrayed from roof to sidewalk
fn fantastic colors.
‘ The parade was the finest ever witnessed
In the city. The column began to move at
one o’clock and was composed of members of
the Grand Army of the Republic and local
military organizations. About five thousand
men were in line. One of the most imposing
features was the cavalry escort of 1000 men.
The procession was very compact, taking
;just forty-five minutes in passing.
' Thousands thronged the line of march.
They waited patiently, however, until the
hacks bearing, the Presidential party and
State officials came in sight.
In the carriage was seated the Chief Ex
ecutive, accompanied by Governor Hovey
.and Mayor Denny. The President occupied
jtberear seat alone.
Behind the President came a carriage bear
ing Secretary Rusk, Attorney-General Mil
ler, Private Secretary Halford and Mr.
(William B. Roberts, the Governor’s private
secretary.
! It was nearly three o’clock when the head
of the procession reached the monument.
After addresses by the President of the Monu
ment Association and others, several volumes
of war history and reports and divers medals
wore deposited in the corner-stone, and pat
riotic hymns were sung,
j Governor Hovey, as presiding officer of the
occasion, made a brief address, and he was
(followed by General M. D. Manson, of
Crawfordsville, and General John Coburn,of
Indianapolis. At the conclusion of the
latter’s address President Harrison was in
troduced to the assemblage, and after the
applause which greeted him had ended he
made a brief response.
i At the conclusion of the President’s speech
General Rusk, Attorney-General Miller, and
(Private Secretary Halford spoke briefly.
, The monument will be built of light gray
volitic limestone from the Stinesvule. Ind.,
quarries. When completed it will be 268 feet
high. On the north and south sides will be
wide steps of stone, seventy feet in length,
leading to the platform of the terrace, from
which the interior is reached by big bronze
doors. Above these doors large tablets will
be placed, bearing inscriptions commemora
tive of the part borne in the war by the dif
ferent counties.
’ The monument Is being erected in Circle
Park, in the exact geographical centre of the
city, and when completed is expected to be
the most magnificent and imposing structure
of the kind in America.
The President held a reception at the Deni
son Hotel next morning, and shook hands
with fully 5000 people.
The Presidential party left for Deer Park
on the next afternoon at 3 o’clock. Harrison’s
old regiment, the Seventh Indiana, gave him
a reception in the morning.
Opening the Chippewa Reservation.
It is learned upon inquiry at the Interior
Department in Washington that the success
of the Chippewa Indian Commission, which
has just been announced, will result in the
opening to settlement of about three million
acres of land in Minnesota. The Indians hav
ing signed the agreement accepting the termS
of the act of January 14, 1889, cede to the
United States all the lands comprised with
in the following-named reservations, contain-!
ing in all 734,934 acres: Leech Lake, 94,440
acres; Lake Winuibagosish, 320,000 acres;
MUle Lac, 61,014 acres; Fond da Lac, 100,121
acres; Grand Portage, 51,840 acres, and Bois
Earthjrese
MCr;
■ reservations as may not
Fort, 107,509 acres. /
In addition to the reservations named,
commission is empowered to secure r<
quishment of ’ such parts of Red Lake
White. - “ 1 -
jwsemm
their
2,250,000 acres. The agreement as signed
by the Indians must first be approved by the
President before it becomes operative, and
when so approved the lands may be opened
to settlement by Executive proclamation
under such terms aud conditions as are pro
scribed in the act of January 14, 1889.
Three More Eiffel Towers.
The idea of building three more
Eiffel towers and then turning the four
into the legs of a huge platform whereon
a sanitarium can be built above the
smoke and stir and dust and noise of
cities, whither invalids could ascend in
search of pure air and seclusion, is being
discussed with every appearance of
sincerity in Paris. The notion is cer
tainly a big one aud worthy of the age
which tackles such big undertakings as
a Panama Canal aud Channel tunnel,
but it will not fall to the lot of invalids
of this generation, I fear, or of the next,
either, to avail themselves of the aerial
sanitarium which is suggested.
Death Pilots the First Train.
The rear coach of the special excursion
train, the first run over the road, conveying
the city officials and invited guests
over the Knoxville, Cumberland Ga]
and Louisville Railroad, jum]
during the morning at
Term., causing an accident
persons were killed, two fatally and several
others seriously injured. The coach went
over a trestle twenty-five feet in height.
Those killed were: George Andrews, ex-
Judge Supreme Court: 8. T. Powers, mer
chant; Alexander Reeder, ex-sheriff.
The rear coach jumped the track on a
road crossing fifty yards from the tressle and
ran over the ties to the middle, where it
turned over and fell to the bottom of the
creek, twenty-five feet.
The scene was horrible. Country people
and physicians did all they could to alleviate
the suffering, as well as those of the party
who were not injured.
The dead and wounded arrived in Knox
ville, Tenn., at seven p. M., and were con
veyed to their respective homes.
THE LABOR WOBLD.
“ Bricxlaykrs in London are prospering.
Ths Paris Carpenters’ Union is 600 year*
aid.
A knittixo mill is to be built at Madison,
Fla.
Ths fire-brick makers in the West are vary
busy.
Nsw York painters get $3.50 for nine
hours.
Bostoh councils appropriated $1000 for La
bor Day.
California bricklayers work nine hours
and get $5.50.
Ths canal payroll of New York State con
tains 1200 names.
Harvest hands in Oregon demanded $3 a
day and board, and got it.
Ths Cambria Iron Company,of Johnstown,
Penn., has 3500 men at work.
Laborers are arriving in large numosrs to
work on the Nicaragua CanaL
Ths national convention of brewery em
ployes is to be held in Cincinnati
Thhre isa great depression in the clothing
making trade among the workers.
There are 1500 oo-operative unions is Eng
land, containing 992,428 members.
Floods have interfered with manufactur
ing operations all over the country.
Farm hands in France earn a little over a
dollar a week and manage to save oat of it.
Cuban planters are straggling for good
field hands. The wages demanded are very
high. . *
More than 10,000ConneUsviUe (Penn.) ooke
ovens are now being worked under the nsw
scale.
Thsrs are indications that the centraliza
tion of American labor organizations will be
effected.
The 10,000 washerwomen of Paris have
formed a union. They will demand seventy-
five cents a day.
Ths demand for sailors is brisk just now,)
able seamen getting $20 and ordinary sea
men $15 a month.
p Thirty thousand persons, mostly foreign
ers, are employed in manufacturing tobacco
In New York city.
Ten years ago Indianapolis bricklayers
made twenty-two cents per hour; to-day they
make forty-five cents. i
The Labor Conference which was to iiavo
been held at Berne, Switzerland, has been
postponed until next spring. “
The mining troubles in Illinois and Indiana!
are far from being settled. Great distress
continues among the operatives. i
Nearly every strike of recent occurrence
has been of short duration and has ended in.
the virtual victory of the strikers. )
Chicago skilled hardwood finishers make
from $2.25 to $3 per day. Painters get from
twenty to thirty-five cents per hour.
The workmen in some parts of the country
are combining and employing physicians to
attend them at so much per 100 or 1000
families.
The tailors of Salvador, South America,;
have signed a petition requesting the Govern
ment to prohibit the importation of ready ,
made clothing.
The Chicago City Council has authorized
the Commissioner of Health to employ flvai
female sanitary police to inspect factories
and tenements.
It is estimated that there are in London
314,000 persons wholly dependent on casual
labor, and nearly 1,000,000 who never go in
side of a church.
Ths National League of Musicians is
about to adopt an insurance system, under
which the heirs of each deceased member
shall be entitled to $500.
Thomas Dklwort’h, a colored American
Who was once a slave in the Southern States,.
Is now President of the Builders’ Laborers
of St. Catharines, Canada,
i In a good many tailoring shops In New
York and Boston, persons work from four
teen to eighteen hoars a day. A good many
earn only from $2 to $3 per week,
i Georgia and South Carolina have between
them 126 cotton mills, 873,728 spindles, 21,30$
. This is by 130,000 more spindles and
i more looms than the entire South con
tained in 1880.
At Glenarm. on the coast of Country
Antrim, Ireland, there are \ whiting mills
which give employment to Pearly half ths
population. Whiting is imslacked lime
' dovfe and cleansed> The wages at
-^1
A Breathing' Well.
A breathing well has been discovered
near Eagle Flat Station, 110 miles east
of El Paso, Texas. It is an abandoned
artesian well, 800 feet deep. bu<, the
tubing is still intact in it. For twelve
hours each day a furious gu;t of air
ru hes into the tubing, and the next
twelve hours an equally strong gust
rushes out. This occurs with the ut
most regularity, aud, so far. no break
has been noticed in the regular occur
rence.
Smallest Church in the World.
The smallest church in the world is
said to be the Catholic church at
Tadousac, Canada, at the mouth of the
Saginaw river. Its extreme capacity is
not more than twenty people. This
church is supposed to have been ro anded
by Jacques Cartier.
Ingenious.
“Ah, madam,” said the tramp, 4, I
haven’t had a mouthful for two days.”
“Why, I gave you a whole pie yes
terday!’’
“So you did, mum—so you did. But
the two days I refer to are today and to
morrow, mum.”—Bazar.
Met Death in a Tunnel.
A terrible accident was reported from Buck
ley’s Mills, Russell County, Va. A railroad
tunnel is being carried through a big hill ai
that point and a large number of men art
employed. On this fatal day a blast con
taining eighty pounds of giant powder wai
fired, but the charge failed to explode.
A gang of men went back to the blast
and started to drill the tamping out;
In order to insert a new fuse. While
thus engaged the charge exploded and
an eighteen-foot drill was hurled through the
Skull of one of the men, killing him instantly.
The dead were: Michael Dance, head blown
off; Joseph Moore, right side and shouldei
torn away by rock.
The injured, two of whom were likely t«
die, are: William Kunz, terribly lacerated
by flying rocks; Andrew Martin, leg broken
off at the knee; John Ramsey, lost both
hands.
Mrs. Maybrick’s Sentence Commuted.
It is officially announced that the sentence
of Mrs. Maybrick, the American lady whe
was sentenced to be hanged at Liverpool
England, for poisoning her husband, has beer
commuted to penal servitude for life.
The Home Secretary’s decision is based or
the conflict of the medical testimony given ai
the trial upon the point whether the quantity
of poison administered by the prisoner tohei
husband was sufficient to kill. The lawyers
and tho judge whom Mr. Matthews consulted
were unanimously of the opinion that it wai
Mrs. Maybrick’s intention to commit mur
der.
It is announced from the Home Office that
this decision is final, and that no further ap
peals for the prisoner’s release, or for th»
further mitigation of her punishment will b«
entertained.
NEWSY G]
m.
mg England
StiO)
A Mine Disaster.
A terrible explosion of gas, which had ac
cumulated after a recent cave-in in the Oly
phant mine at Scranton, Penn., was heard
early in the morning. General Mine Super
intendent Andrew Nicol, Jr., of the Dela-
ware and Hudson Canal Company and fom
workmen, whose names are Daniel Williams,
Richard Mason, John Gavin aud John Jonef
were killed. •
Engineer and Fireman Killed.
A train on the Missouri, Kansas and Texas
Railway was wrecked nine miles south of
Moberly, Mo., at five o’clock in the morn
ing by running over a steer. Engineer Frank
Ritter, of Hannibal, and Fireman George
Bennares were killed, and their bodies horri
bly mangled.
Canada has a population of 4,972,101.
The Southern States owe $100,000,000.
The big gas wells show no signs of giving
wdt.
' Denmark produces 110,000,000 eggs in a
year.
. Stanley is still nearing the Zanzibar
coast.
Martial law has been proclaimed in
Crete.
The gauva crop in Florida this year will be
immense.
Kansas will produce an enormous crop at
peanuts this fall.
M. Eiffel makes $8000 a day out of his
wonderful tower.
The present crop is the heaviest we have
had for fifteen years.
British millions are still flowing into
American enterprises.
Heavy losses of peaches are reported on
the Delaware Peninsula.
The Pennsylvania Company are expending
$3,000,000 on freight cars.
Georgia has pensioned a colored Confeder
ate soldier named Eli Pickett.
Carriage horses, only fairly
in Buenos Ayres bring $5000 a pair.
The average daily production of coal l»
415,335 tons, or 2,492,010 in one week.
Wyoming and Idaho will soon ask Congress
for tickets of admission to the Union.
The damage to the potato crop has been
very common through New England.
The Centennial at Philadelphia cost $7,000,-
000; the total receipts were $5,000,000.
Germany is bent on conciliating
in the matter of African exploration.
There are 33.000,000 teachers and schol
ars in the Sunday-schools of the world.
Southern California estimates her honey
crop at 2,000,000 pounds for this season.
Last year 5000 more vessels went through
Long Island Sound than the year before.
The first Mahometan mosque ever built in
England has just been completed in Lon
don.
Within the past two months over $38,000,-
000 of specie have been exported from New
York.
A tunnel is to be pierced through tho
Simplon Mountain, between Switzerland and
Italy.
Seventeen out of the twenty-three surplus
graduates from West Point Military Acad
emy still await vacancies.
The Eiffel Tower at the Paris Exposition
was struck by a thunderbolt during a violent
storm. No damage was done.
During the floods at Salt Lake. Neb., a
baby was born while the water was within a
couple of feet of the mother’s bed.
There were many railway accidents in
England, during the summer, said to be due
to the increase in the number of excursion
trains.
A projected canal across tho upper part
of Italy, connecting from the Adriatic to the
Mediterranean, would take six years to build
and cost $125,000,000.
Rev. Abram Martin died recently at
Beartown, near Lancaster, Penn., aged nine
ty-one years. He was the oldest Memionite
minister in the country.
The Scotch-Irish Society of America, has
accepted the invitation of the Scotch-Irish
people of Pittsburg, Penn., to hold its next
annual congress there next May.
It is stated by one of the guides at the
Capitol in Washington that fifteen brides an
hour is the average number of visits to the
statuary hall each day of the year.
A serious boat accident lately occurred
on the Indus. A party of sixty native
when
were drowned.
Killed Himself and Wife.
’ Emanuel Brooks shot and fatally wounded
his wife at Shawnee town, HL, ana then shot
himself twice in the head. He then ran 10$
yards and jumpe.l into the Ohio River and
wa* drowned.
The Statistician of the Department of
Agriculture estimates the total value of oxen
and other cattle—as contrasted with dairy
stock—in the United States to baA14,513,70B
lees than the value of the same stock at tha
time of closing his report last year. Dairy
stock has maintained its value.
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