Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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ISSTrgP SKMI-WKEKL^ L. M. grists sons, pubushers. I % ^amilg Jtemspajei;: 4?r ih? promotion if tin; political, Social, Igri^Itur.al and Commercial Interests if th? f)ei|)t*. j TER"^fc^E*rTi;Nc m NCE * J - ipsTARTJSHED 1855 YORK, S. C., TUESDAY, MAY 13, 1919. NO. 38 AMERICANS IN RUSSIA * E Infantry Prisoners Tell of Their g1 Adventures 81 BOLSHEVISTS WERE VERY FRIENDLY s Allowed to Live Very Much as They Pleased, Although the Food Was , Very Rough?Not Especially Well jj Impressed of the Russian Idea of T Government. oi Five soldiers of the 339th Infantry? It Detroit's own?the first American pris- ^ oners from Russia, who arrived in '1 London last week by way of Stock- ** holm, gave Universal Service a won- 18 der-tale of adventures in the black 111 , heart of mad Russia. They were six weeks enroute from m Moscow, where they had been impris? - - - m, ir oned, via f'iniana ana oweaen. ? uc; left behind John Tripler, a Kentucky %? mountaineer, who was lost in the ^ crowd just as they were entraining in *n Moscow; M. J. Arnold, of Nebraska, a st Y. M. C. A. worker, who was released pi with them, and John Ryall, of Ohio, another "Y" worker. Three other h< Americans remain prisoners in Mos- ar cow, together with 66 French and hc English soldiers. tij ? When interviewed at the Eagle Hut, London, the refugees wore Bolshevist ov fa caps and nondescript /Clothes. The latter were supplied by the British consul at Helsingfors. Their faces were gaunt and lined with deep fur- pr rows from months of semi-starvation. 6i< But they unanimously gave this cheer- ln' ful pledge: "We're going back to get these Bolshies as soon as we get rested and have tk had a big feed." 1111 U( Before giving their narrative I must ha convey a typical heart appeal very earnestly put to me by young Scheulte: "Tell everybody's mother back home ^ not to worry. Our boys in Russia are an doing fine. There's nothing the matter Tt: with them, except homesickness." th' Seated in a circle in an inner room ^ of Eagle Hut, their outlandish boots 1 hanging on the rungs of chairs, the ml boys sprung breathless yarns about Fr their experiences, ranging from dig- al? a + <>R . 11 Vila a n Hav for DM- ^ a*"? s*?.? w ?*v -w . -?? pie that had starved to death to ad- 814 dressing a Socialist congress in Petrograd and visiting the winter palace. ^ Their narratives were kaleidoscopic b's of weary marches in the bitterest cold, by aih their comic opera imprisonment in Moscow, and wild Junkets through the Bolshevist capital. By mutual consent, Albers, a rawboned lad who mixed qiw Russian words with his Yankee speech was appointed spokesman- He said: bo "I was captured on November 3; cla the others here were captured later. t0 Scheulte didn't get captured till last otl March 17, but we all had the same ex- gei periences. None of us, I guess, Is 'ea ashamed of the way we got captured. til( They got us lighting. In my case the on guy wearing a white nightown crawl- pi< ed through the snow on a moonlit night tal when I was on sentry, gun-butted me yej senseless and took me with him. When as I came to I was being carried on a m? stretcher, headed for Bolshyland. ow "The first thing they did when I got w* into the Bolshevist camps was to swipe my fur coat, shoes and uniform he with como French UUU IAAC7I1 LVQVVltVk wv??.v ? _ ,, and British prisoners, I started on a mi terrible hike for 300 versets (more than 150 miles to Vologada. It was about 5 40 below zero. Otherwise we were est having a hot time. "It was hell, pure and simple. We were fed irregularly with black bread ^ and fish soup that would gag a hog. di? Of nights we slept in peanut huts alive with vermin. We couldn't talk to our an captors because they didn't know Eng- im lish. But I laughed and kidded 'em and called 'em all the rough names I could think of and they'd laugh and en yell 'Amerikan.' m( "From Vologada I was ti.ken by train to Moscow, where I was locked V Pr up in the barracks, not a regular prison. I was the first American to get th< to Moscow, but French and British fel- up lows were with me, also Captain Wil- cai son, of the royal engineers; Major Frazer, a British supply officer, and a tui Canadian flying lieutenant, I don't re- go member his name, but he was a regu- urlar prince. w* "For two months I was the only V1C American there, then the rest of these ?' boys and the "Y" workers drifted in- tra Oh I nearly died of lonesomeness before ha, they arrived. " ? "All these boys suffered worse than sei hell in marching to the railroad, be- nu tia cause they were captured later, when it was colder. Houston was captured on November 29. He didn't get to the railroad until New Year's and was An all in." pr< "How did they feed you " queried wii the correspondent. of Then big Scheulte bellowed, "Kasha." far All laughed and sang a song in queer pic Russo-English about black bread, th? kashs and fish soup, which "makes frc your belly stick." Then Albers resum- sej ed his tale." otl "We were all in bed when the first pli meal was served?soup. God knows cai what's in it?occasionally somebody ic would make a mistake and leave a bit St< of meat in it, but it was mostly dried Th peas and punk fish. I'll never eat anr St< other fish as long as I live. thi "The last two months they began Nc putting horse in the soup. I know be- th; cause I found a horseshoe nail in mine. M; ^ We got a pound of black bread daily. sp< Tou had to soak it in soup to bite it. se; , "Imprisonment was a joke. Each wl day we got a passport permitting us to gn go anywhere we liked in Moscow, but de we had to return by 9 p. m. pl< "The Bolshies treated us fine. We mi never got a rough word because we ce; were Americans?in fact, the Reds po tried their best to make us coniforta- tai ble. Wc had as much as anybody to ye; eat and they paid us 25 rubles a day mi when we worked. ca "Often we would go to the houses of M< wealthy people to carry out furniture which the government had confiscated. "Once we dug graves for people that Ca had starved to death. We blasted the th< ground four feet down. It was a nas- *rj ty job. Rows of starved men. women tr * and children were laid on the ground, lif They were frozen on top of being "I' starved, waiting for graves. "Sunday is a scream in Bolshyiand. be Every Sunday all the prisoners would q( ?????1?? e taken to 'church'?really some offllal's house, where he lectured on lolshevlsm. We would sleep during lese lectures, but afterward we would et a big feed. That feed we undertood all right; all right" A CROESUS IN EXILE. tory of Mexico's Richest Man Now Almost Ruined. An Inventory of the property holdigs of General Luis Terrazas, who is ving in enforced exile at El Paso, exas, recently was made by the office C confiscations and the state treasury. ; brought to light the surprising fact ; lat General Terrazas is the owner of ),0C0,000 acres of land, all situated in , le state of Chihuahua- Besides his , .nded holdings he possesses title to , iore than 200 houses in Chihuahua Ity, several productive mines, rnanyl, lanufacturing plants, and was largely I honUnc o flfo I rfl AOCOrd- I ICICCLCU vuumaiq ? .... ig to the official report, all of this If ist estate, which in pre-revolutionary j lys had a total value of $160,000,0001 i gold, has been taken over by the I ate government under confiscation I, ocesses. I ] It is stated in this official report thath i land is scattered all over the state I, id was all well stocked with cattle, I, >rses, and mules, and goats at thel, ne the revolutionary period began. 1.1 isides the ranches, General TerrazasL ^ns approximately 1,000,000 acres of I rm lands, most of which was in a gh state of cultivation at the time! > was compelled to abandon his lastl operty interests and flee to the other I le of the Rio Grande to prevent be-1 *' ? taken prisoner. |c Protecting Hie Property. i General Terrazas, notwithstanding! e fact that he had been forced to 11 ike his temporary home outside of I axico during the last several years, I s kept up a continuous bulldog fight I j r the protection of his property. L iry few animals are now to be found I o ywhere upon Terrazas's ranches. L ley were stolen and driven off by I ousands by revolutionists and ban-|< |to General Terrazas has put up a re-l, irkable long distance fight against! c ancisco Villa and his bandits, &nd[c so against the officials of the so-1 lied constitutional government of the I ^ ite. It has been a losing fight for I g tn, however, as many of his ranches I. d farms have been divided among |0 i former employes and are operated!^ them for their own benefit and pos-ln le profit. |1( Up From the Peon Class. | General Terrazas's career has been|0 ed with thrilling exploits and armed 10 ife from the time that he was a small I ^ y. His parents belonging to the peon I ^ iss when 10 years old he was forced Lj earn a livelihood. He worked at| v d Jobs, was taken into a store as n neral utility boy, and there began c .rning something about the mercan- ^ 3 business. He was advanced from ^ e position to another until he occu- ^ sd a responsible position in the es- <v )llshment. During those struggling c ire he saved as much of his earnings R possible- Before he had reached his /n tjority he had started a store of his h n. It was a small beginning, but th the careful attention that he gave the business quickly expanded and became one of the leading mer- c ants of the city when still a young ^ m. It was about the time that the j ilted States and Mexico were at war Q a 1848?that Terrazas became intered in politics. He was elected jefe 0 litico of Chihuahua, which was his tl it public office. In those days ban- . ry raged through all the country ,l( itricts of Mexico. u In March, 1867, Terrazas led an u my of Mexicans against the French ,-aders under the ill-fated Emperor 0 iximilian. He had already placed ^ i fortune at the disposal of the gov- ,t| iment to assist in overcoming the t( >vement to make Mexico a part of c i French empire. At the head of a t( ision of the army he drove the , ench out of Chihuahua, recapturing } city and inflicting a decisive defeat h on the enemy. During this military b mpaign General Terrazas had main- y ned his army out of his private forle. When the war was ended the vernment found the national treasV empty and no funds available with ^ lich to repay Terrazas for his ser- , :es. It was then that the ccngress J? Mexico ceded to Terrazas large . icts of wild lands in the state of ^ ihuahua in lieu of the money he d advanced, and in payment of his ^ x. XI.. A? moo vices 10 me vuuuu;. a wo ?n?o w,v. ^ cleus for his vast fortune.?Chrisn Science Monitor. <* 0 The Real Pole at Last.?It took the tl tarctic explorer. Captain Scott, to c >ve to us that light, specially made c nd-proof cloth was a better article e apparel for polar travel than the |< niliar ?urs. Now the Canadian ex- e rer, Vilhjalmur Stefansson, startles ? world with some remarkable facts im his own experience in the polar j is which will dispel a good many t ler fond illusions. If we have im- k citly believed that a polar traveler y i be any other than a being of hero- b bravery and superhuman endurance, v jfansson will scarcely have it so. i( iere seems, in fact?after reading t " ? -* - u H**1a noil fnr ?*tansson?xo ue vwj Uun> ese qualities. The cold near the >rth pole, he says, is not so great as it which he has experienced in I initoba; indeed, there are colder ots than the pole. Again, the polar ts are not continually frozen over, q lile the polar lands comprise great j azing grounds for millions of rein- v er, musk-ox, and caribou! To com- r ate one's very pleasant disillusion- g snt. it only remains for some sue- ^ ssor to Stcfansson to tell us that f lar coal fields are adequate to sus- . in us in fuel for the next million t ars and that the gold and diamond y nes of the polar lands arc practilly inexhaustible.?Christian Science t jnitor. ^ - ? t "Look, the wind blew it overboard, t .n't you save it?" said a woman to a e captain of the steamship Juanita, j >m Baltimore to Savannah, at sea Jt week. The captain said he would 1 i, and reversed his ship, lowered a 3 eboat and sent a crew to the rescue, y t" was a woman's headgear. t Wm. F. Broening, Republican, has en elected mayor of Baltimore, over * ?orge Weeins Williams, Democrat. \ MARSHALL SPEAKS AT CHESTER Views of the Vice President on the Great Questions of the Hour. Thomas R. Marshall, vice president of ihe United States, made an able and eloquent address at Chester last Thursuay night, before the annual convention of the Travelers' Protective association of South Carolina. Mr. Marsnail was given an ovation upon entering the theater and throughout his speech was generously applauded. Governor Cooper introuuced the distinguished speaker. 'une vice president saia mat ue uw> oeen a great believer in quarantine against disease, but when the quarantine fails wisdom suggests treating ..iic disease and eradicating it. "Nououy in South Carolina,' he said, "ever relieved more sincerely in the doctrine of states' rights than I believe in it. i have recognized what other states' rights men have not, but with states' rights goes the states' duties so long *S the states of the Union will not ook after themselves and demand the losiering care of the general government the doctrine of state's rights < >vill be dormant. I am hoping for a , revival in the hearts of citizens so hat each state will discharge its duies and tell the general government . o look after the powers delegated to j t, nut until states do this there is no ( tope for this ancient democratic doc- ] rine. An IdJe -.ream. "I wish I Wuld put our countrv back o the good old days of 1840. 1 would ,e willing to do with less money for j mnnhnnd I had nothing to do vitli adopting the colonial policy of >ur government, but with our sailors n the Philippines and our sailors in ' no North sea, talk about going back ' o our ancient reutrality is to talk ' n favor of an idle dream. Neutrality onsi?ts in more than mere hands off. J t must also be hands off and opinions ff, for the most potent things in modrn warfare are the moral opinions of lanklnd touching it." Mr. Marshall said slowly as the late J rar went on he heard the great men ' f Europe,advancing the moral factor 1 rom two out of ten towards to the 1 lose of seven out of ten. "Now my 1 hief reason for entering into an alii- 1 nee of the free democracies of the 1 /orld is that, with the general diflfu- 1 ion of knowledge among American 1 icople, no great war can arise with- 1 ut our people taking a moral stand- ( oint in it, and the expression of a i loral viewpoint is almost sure to 1 :ad us into the war. 1 LTa ntiMoopi-wiiv dppkrM In favor 1 the amended covenant of the league 1 f nations, without admitting, he said ? hat it is perfect. It is not a ques- ^ ion, he said, "of what you and I may * hink the covenant ought to be, but of ( rhat we are going to do about it. If lere selfishness were to guide my ( onduct, I would bf one of the first a raise the cry of 'America for the s .inericans.' From both sides of ray ouse there does not course in my 1 eins a drop of blood that was not * oursing through the veins of some c ian or woman in this western couti- 1 ent when Bunker Hill became the v igest peak of political geography." * Tempest in Teapot. ? He said the agitation over the Mon- s oe Doctrine in the first draft of the c ovenant was a tempest in a teapot, ' ut that is no longer an issue, nor { oes he believe, he said that any seri- J us objection could ^be raised to any- ' hing in the first draft. When the first 8 r the amended drafts are stripped of 1 heir verbage, he said their plain 1 leaning is that the league's aim is s 3 prevent war, promote peace, ic- uce armaments, control the sale of * mmunitions, abrogate secret treaties, c reserve all nations as well as those ? n this continent in their territorial * Uegrlty from external aggression, and c d help weak and struggling people f sward the maintenance of democra- c ies. If there was a serious ^objection v 0 the first draft, he said, it was the I mission of the right of any member S f the league to withdraw, but thatalso 1 as been settled by giving each mem- 1 er the right to withdraw on two ? ears' notice. Bolshevism and Influenza. He likened Bolshevism to the in- s uenza. It might kill mill'ons, he said, i ut, sooner or later, it will pass away i nd the best way to meet the menace ( 1 to have as little change as possible j l the order of constituted authority, t Ir. Marshall said he is a decided be- ( ever in states' rights, but realizes ^ hat conditions have changed, and | rhat suited formerly as a policy or < rinciple of the republic might not j uit now. He said that the finest strain s f American blood courses through ^ he veins of the jouth's citizens, and ( omplimented the people of South 1 .'arolina for theii loyalty to the gov- j . rnment and to cheir unswerving al- , * ~ A1 r\f thfi ffl.tll- , ?giance xo me j iuiui>ica v... re. I 1 Womx.n Suffrage. , Regarding woman suffrage, Air. . iarshall said he is opposed, but has < oo much sense to fight what he . nows is sure to come. He urged the , . omen, however, after they have the j allot to fight for an amendment which , .ill restrict the ballot to true Amer- ( ?ans who speak, write and use ooly i he language of this nation. ? <>? EASY TO WIPE OUT PARIS. n Another War Wholesale Destroc- ( tion of Cities Would Be Common. . In a new war between France and , ermany the sudden destruction of , 'arls at the beginning of hostilities I'ould just about win the war for Ger- , nany. The entire confusion of the xeatest national railway center; the lestruction of the seat of government, Inance and commerce; the general ?anic?would so delay and confuse mo- > ilization that the French army would >e easy prey. Mobilizing aircraft fleets and torpe- r loes behind the Rhine would be no rery difficult task as compared with he mobilizing of an army. From here the fleets could be above Paris, it present speeds, within two or three lours. An advanced squadron of skirnishers would drop upon the roofs of 'aris a multitude of small, non-extinfuishable phosphorous bombs to set he roofs on. Are and give the main leets sight of their target. In fact, the 3ermans, when the armistice came, vere planning to use this method in their next raids on Paris. It is not at all unlikely that by the time for the next war, aircraft will be so perfected that a week of such raiding would finish off a city like Paris?or New York. Of course, the old, hampering, chivalrous rule that a city about to be bombarded must be notified in order that non-combatants may be removed, went by the board long ago. Such notice would ruin the element of surprise, which is half the battle in such an attack. Besides, in modern warfare, there are practically no noncombatants. In a new general European war the destruction of nearly al'. the great European cities, with thtf| wealth and beauty which they have been accumulating for 2,000 yearai stands well within the limits of posslf" bility. In case of an armed peace such as Europe had for forty yean* before this war, men might have tp rebuild their cities with the valuable the "living" part, underground. g Only recently an authority on bacjp teriology expounded to me the horriblJ possibility of ravaging a whole popiS lation, military and civilian alike, witF swiftly killing incurable diseases, whifc guarding your own army and your owA population. I believe that with a litJ tie patient research it could be done* And given the perpetuation of war a* an institution some race of Bernharf dls is certain to arise which will jusl tify this method?and use it?Will Irr. tvln in Saturday Evening Poet, JUDGE JOHNSON. DEAD. ' fl Splendid Citizen of South Caroling 4 Claimed by Death. Joseph Travis Johnson, Unite? States judge of the western district South Carolina, died at his residence ofl North Fairview avenue Spartanburflj ast Thursday night, at 8:30 o'clociSi mly a brief time after his son, Joseptg r. Johnson, Jr., reached nis bedsid^J roni Wisconsin. Judge Johnson wasU aken sick Sunday evening, Ailril L'7." i md eleven days later breathed hirf i ast, surrounded by his stricken fam- 1 ly. Every air and comfort that med- 1 cal skill could employ and that kindE ti ninistering hands could offer were i Jlven. His death was due to a com-' r1 flication of diseases, resulting from a i protracted attack of Spanish Influenza i ,vhich visited him early last December; ( md which held him in its clutches for i little more than two months. This ] lreaded disease left him sorely weak-; < med, tfnd when he was taken sick a ) ittle over a week ago his condition i vas grave from the first] I Judge Johnson is survived by his i vife and the following children: Jo- i seDh T. Johnson, Jr., Miss Mary | Johnson, Harvey W. Johnson, Laurens j Johnson, Benjamin Osward Johnson, j Charles Edwin Johnson and Elizabeth < Johnson. A sister, Mrs. E. J. Allen^ ] )f Greenville, and a brother, W. H. i fohnson, of Halifax, Nova Scotia, .also i lurvive him ** 1 Joseph Travis Johnson was born at 3rewerton, Laurens county, on a 1 arm sixty-one years ago, the date j if his birth being February 26, 1858. i ie graduated from. Erskine college < VitJl tne Class 01 lttv. suosequenuy ie finished his education with postgraduate course at Vanderbilt univerity. He was admitted to the practice if law in all the courts of South Caroina on May 30, IS83. After successully practicing law ?or a number of ears at Laurens he moved his famly to Spartanburg some twenty years igo. Shortly after locating in this city ie was elected to congress, succeeding Ion. Stanyarne Wilson. Judge John-! on wa* sworn in as a member of the; Ifty-seventh congress and for 16 years, n sequence he ably, faithfully and onscicntiously represented the fourth >outh Carolina district in the national louse of representatives. He was ihosen for another term, when the ederal court for the western district if South Carolina was created and he as chosen the judge of that district,, laving the endorsement of the entire South Carolina delegation in Washlngon. On April 1, 1915 he was sworn ~ ?? TT?Uft/1 Qiotna iurl crf\ a n H immPfli II US UII1LCU NJVCbWfc? |UV?0V .... , itely assumed judicial duties. ?. ] The Rights of Small Nations.?Can- 1 ida's Indian wards, the modern nem- ] lunt of the ancient Six Nations now, i iving on a reservation in the Province' ] >f Ootaxio, are disturbed by the pro- ] josal of the Indian department to tax I heir dogs. Indians like dogs, and. i jther things being equal, an Indian i .ullage has always apparently been lappier the more dogs it has possess- 1 "d. The government intention of tax- 1 ng this form of live stock is, therefore, < , 1 4r? nvAtoof ir> fn/*t thA Indians '""'"6 J'l"'"""! ? . will probably take the matter to the i courts and argue that the proposed :ax is an assumption by the Dominion i authorities of a right that they do i tot possess. Possibly, too, the Indians i tvill carry their point, for they will at least be able to claim that, under an existing treaty with the Dominion, they stand in the relation of "allies" to the Canadian government, and that one illy cannot levy a tax on another ally's Jogs. In view of the present world igreement that the small nations 3hould be fairly treated by the big lines, the argument^ ought to have a respectful hearing.?Christian Science Monitor. Carranza Will Be Deposed.?Carranza is going to fall, writes William Gates in World's Work. Mexico has been off of the front page now for nearly two'years; we may expect soon to see the question flare out. Then will be our great American chance to do the work in the right manner. If we should set out brutally to conquer her she would at least understand that. If we intervened frankly and confessedly to enforce treaty obligations which Carranza refuses to keep, she would admit that as at least open and an international right. If we talk about our desire for her welfare, and especially if we interpret that welfare in terms of our own ideas of democracy, and at the same time leave her prostrate and bleeding, then she will not understand nor believe. If, on the other hand, we, or some of us who are big enough for it, put our administrative talents in the job, fitting it to Mexico's needs, so that prosperity shall return, with work and pay and food and some certainty in the future for improving, individual and generalshe will understand perfectly. EGGS BY WEIGHT Awkward Custom Needs to Be Reformed POUNDS AND OUNCES SANE PRICE It Would Be to the Advantage of Both Consumer and Producer if All Would Agree on a Change That Is so Obviously Just as to Leave Nc Room for Question. Why does not the butcher sell chops at so much apiece, regardless of size? Because he is not quite bereft of his senses. How, then, about the grocer, "V.^ nrAnionlv tViD aoniD II WIIU OC11 C550 All M1W logical way? Eggs, as well as chops, are of various sizes and shapes; they should be sold at so much a pound just as meat is. Alberta M- Gondiss, who advocates this sensible reform In the Porecase (New York, April), tells us that the normal egg averages a pound and a half to the dozen; yet she has seen "baby eggs" a dozen of which barely weighed a pound. The discount, however, was solely In weight, not in the price, since "eggs are sold by the dozen." This variation in the weight of eggs, she goes on to explain, depends partly on the age of the hen, also somewhat on the time of year and the feeding, and a good deal on the freshness or stateness of the egg?the staler egg being always lighter. The factor which most of all affects the tize, however, Is the breed of the fowl. We read: "The big, yellow cochins, the mlnorcas, the wyandottes, and a few other breeds yield big, heavy eggs, often weighing six to the pound. The eggs of the common white leghorn, a prolific layer, run ten or twelve to the pound at adult age?the first eggs of the pullet being always smaller. On the commercial farms of some of our state universities the leghorns have been developed to produce larger eggs; but on the general farms throughout the country the leghorns lay smaller eggs than the usual 'general purpose' breeds, such as the Rhode Island reds or the Plymouth rocks?as these lay smaller eggs than the cochins or wyandottes. , "Eight eggs of ordinary size?the kind that would not be pronounced either large or small?should Just balance a one-pound weight. The average, of two ounces to the egg, is the generally accepted standard, and the domestic science teachers, the dietitians, and other professionals along the line of food and nutrition, who are given to exactness In statement, will issert this to be the correct normal weight of a hen's egg. Yet eight highpriced eggs, presumably of good grade, frequently occupy the light end of the scale, falling to bring the indicator to the middle. "The sale of eggs by weight on the wholesale basis has for long beon customary; and in view of this it seems still more unfair that the retail buyer should be compelled to pay for them Py the dozen. Some years ago there was a serious demand that eggs should t>e sold by weight, but since ffcen ope, ir two concessions have been made by1 the dealers, which up to the present tiave partially stilled the demand for the sale by weight. "One of these concessions has been i more careful grading of the eggs, so :hat the weight per thirty dozen, which s from flfty-flve to fifty-seven pounds, s fairly well standardized, ?.pd eggs iindqr this weight fetch less mosey. But this is entirely in the interest of the wholesaie dealer, for only in comparatively few retail markets are the smaller eggs sold at proportionately less price. In only a few rare cases, ind for specially choice atuj costly ;ggs, has the weight per doze* been standardized. "Some hotel stewards reject ail eggs that will pass through a ring of one ind one.-half inches diameter; but this Is buying eggs by the shape rather than by the weight * * * "Fruits and vegetables are commonly sold by weight; it shovid not be harder to sell eggs on the same 4?ftsis. It is much more important that what the food administration call "a fair: price ror eggs snouiu ue uiiscu price ^weight, since eggs are a more Important and valuable food from the standpoint of nutrition. Yet, a few months ago complaint was made by a writer from one of our western cities that-in his town he saw 'eggs range from fourteen to twenty-six ounces a dozen, all at fifty cents.' * "All the tendencies of modern trade are toward standardization and uniform grading, and the sale of eggs as at present conducted is about as unstandardized as can be imagined. The customer has no protection, the dealer is practically helpless in the face of general custom (for alone he is helpless to change it), while there is at present no incentive whatever to the farmer to increase the size and weight of his eggs. When once the retail buyer makes definite, continued, and resolute protest, the matter will be sure to come up for discussion and rational solution among all of those who together can bring about concerted action looking to the selling of eggs by the pound." s ARMY SICK REPORTS. Middle-Aged Men Have the Edge on Youthful Soldiers. You are interested in this. At what age arc soldiers most healthy? It is a timely inquiry and is answered by the medical department of the army with accurate figures obtained in the various camps. As measured by the death rate of one year, the healthiest age was from fifteen to nineteen. In a second year it was between twenty and twenty-) four years, in a third year thirty to thirty-four, in a fourth thirty-five to thirty-nine years and in five other years it was from twenty-five to twenty-nine years of age. Taken from another angle, as measured by the proportion admitted to sick report during a period of four years, the healthiest age was from forty to forty-four. In another period of five years it was from forty-five to forty-nine. Disability Statistics. Still another means of determining the healthiest age is by comparing sta tistlcs of the proportion discharged fc permanent disability. This series t statistics for one period of two year shows that the healthiest age was fror forty to forty-four years. In anothe two year period it was fifty and ovei and in a five-year period it was forty 'five to forty-nine. A fourth way of answering the que? tion is to consider the number of con stantly non-effectives. In this clas the healthiest age, in a two-year in riod, was from forty-five to forty-nin years, and in six years from thlrty-flv to thirty-nine years. Army medical statistics show tha admissions to sick report in hospita or quarters, are most common amon the soldiers under twenty and decreas steadily and rapidly up to the age c 'forty. At that age there is a decreas of almost two-thirds. After pasiin, forty-five years the list increases, bu 'soldiers even at ages over fifty are ad fmitted to sick report only half as ofte: as their youngest comrades. As this is contrary to the condl tlons in civil life where sickness in increases with years, the army medico 'proceed to give an explanation. It 1 this: Men \rho for years have beei under army discipline acquire abilit; to care for themselves, and also ac quire habits diminishing their risk o 'sickness, which together, more thai neutralize the tendency to an increasi of invalidity with age?The Come Back published by and for the patient in the Walter Reed army general hos pital, Washington, D. C. DOWN WITH BRIBERY. Dili ft-.l? a- ? noisnor Dm o?ckb xo vure an cxpen ivo Evil. Prompt passage of a bill prohibit ing commercial bribery is expected o the next session of congress by ViC' tor Murdock, a member ofr the federa trade commission. The Fletcher bill approved by the commission, failed o passage in the general congestion o legislation at the last session. "Business men of the United States our investigation of commercial brlb ery has shown,' said Mr. Murdock, "a* a rule, are more than willing to hav< the practice stopped, and I have n< doubt that a bill like the one present ed in the last congress will be passe( speedily. We flntf that many concern: have been forced to use methods tha they dislike, because their competitor: used them, and if the whole industry is freed from bribery, as a means o selling goods, these concerns will re joice," ' The commission has investigated th< varnish, soap, printers' ink, printers rollers, and ship chandlers' Indus tries, and is now investigating the dy< Industries. In order to these Industrie: 'to stop the practice of commercia bribery are being obeyed, and report: to the commission state that a return to the former methods is not desire< bf the concerns. The United States shipping boar: co-operated with the commission ii eliminating commercial bribery fron the ship-chandlers' trade. In the dy: industry, which was controlled by th Germans up to the time the Unite* States entered the war, commercia bribery was found to be unusually prevalent. The commission is nov seftMjthat it does not retain a foot hold, unijef American control. The bill introduced by Duncan U Fletcher, United States senator fron Florida, at the last session of Con gress, and which will be reintroduced imposes a fine upon the one offerioi a bribe to secure trade and the on: accepting the bribe. It also provide: tfcat any person guilty of the offense w+rn .ahnil turn state's evidence, ma: be granted Immunity from prosecu tion. This latter feature Is expectei by advocates of the i>iy to be effectlv in enforcing respect for the law, a one party to a bribe would neve know when the other party might sav hupself through confession, The com mission feels that the stamping outo commercial bribery is one necessar: /step to the preservation of free, opei and ffilr competition. It is believei that congress Rawer to pass i 'bill which would prevent (bribery l\ intrastate, as well as in interstate '.commerce. 1 What an /isroplane Must Stand.Tha propellers of aeroplanes must pos sess extraordinary strength, for thei very speed tends to disrupt them. Ii a test run, says a writer in the Amcri can Forestry magazine, with propel lers nrade of wood, which had bee dried to the lowest possible moistur content, or "bone dry," as they say a the Forest Product Laboratory, th 'ends of the blades actually exuded sai *? 1 ? * V," oon+Hfncral option. IUIUCU \jUk M; WVUM?*Wow. ? Some air-machine engines run a seventeen hundred revolutions a min 'ute. An engine of that power shoul use a nine-foot six-inch propeller, an the speed of the blade ends would b in the neighborhood of six hundre miles an hour. A good many thousands of pounds c pressure per square inch are generate by such speed, and propellers hav been known to split at the centre an fly apart. Even the smallest lack c balance between the two blades is very serious matter, since the pull c one must counterbalance that of th other. In addition, there is the gyros coplc force that tends to keep, th blades rotating in the same planea force that is not easily overcom when the aeroplane is moving at hig speed. The cross strain that it intro duces when there is a change of dir ection, either up or down or sidewis* is enormous. Yet in conditions o modern warfare, where the aviator ha to "loon the loop," or plunge, or as ccnd sharply In manoeuvring, th machine has to meet and withstan these severe tests. Wood for aeroplane manufactur must be one hundred per cent perfecl The safety of the aviator demands tha there shall not be a single flaw. Louis Forget, 90 years old, a farme: is to stand trial at Hull, Quebec, on th charge of murdering his blind sor aged 35 years. The son was blind fror infancy, and the father is said to hav confessed that owing to his very strait ened circumstances he had pushed hi son Into the Little Range river last Oc tober, to get rid of him. The British government has formal ly recognized the independence of Fir land and the de facto Finnish govern ment. | AMERICAN LEGION ORGANIZES ir Soldiers of World War Get Themeelvi 9 ' In 8hape. n Determined efforts by the delegate >r to the national caucus of the America r, Legion, which opened In St. Louis la) - Thursday to force the chalrmanshl of the organization on Lieut Colon* i- Theodore Roosevelt failed, and Colon* i- Henry D. Llndsley, of Dallas, Texa a was elected chairman, j. For nearly three hours the delegate e urged the nomination on Colon e Roosevelt, who steadfastly declinei saying he "had no desire to hold offle it In the organization," but wanted to t il simply a booster. After several speed g es in which he urged the caucus "1 e take him at his word" and nominal if some one else, he shouted: "I'll te e you just why I can't accept this nom g nation. They say I am a politician an it that I formed this organization 1 . make a grandstand play and?" Shou n of "No! No!" drowned out his wore and after trying for 30 minutes to ei . tablish order, Colonel P oosevelt final! . sank breathless into his chair. Pai 3 demonium continued for nearly a s hour with chanting of "We want Te<3 n dy" and "Make him take it" y Colonel Bennett Clark, son of Cham . Clark, then temDorarlly took the cha! f and told the convention that It mui i force Colonel Roosevelt to accept th e nomination and requested that som - one make a motion to that effect Th s motion was made, but Colonel Roost velt again Insisted that he would nc accept and the delegates finally yield ed, although candidates offered t withdraw and make the nomlnatlo unanimousRunning against Colonel Lindsle; who was supported by Colonel Roose - velt, was Sergt. Jack Sullivan, of Seal ' tie, Wash., the candidate of the "buc privates." When the state of Wash 1 ington was reached in the voting Sul livan caused Colonel LJndsley's elec f tion to be made unanimous. The vot f at the time was: Llndsley, 630; Sulll van, 209. 't Colonel Lindsley, who was decorat - ed with the distinguished service med 3 al, was formerly mayor of Dallas. Th e day his term of office expired he en 5 listed, serving In the service of suppl in France. He will hold office unt 1 the next convention which probabl 9 will be in November. * Sergeant Sullivan was unanlmousl 3 elected first vice chairman and Sea v man Fred B. Humphreys, of Roswel 1 N. M., was chosen second vice chair man over Petty Officer C. F. Georgi of New York, Lieut Col. Eric Wood c 5 Washington, was elected secretary. ' Formal announcement was made o " Friday by delegates from the far wef e that they w ' endeavor to have th 8 convention take some definite actio 1 concerning the I. W. W. and Bolshc 3 vism. 3 Sergeant Sullivan presented a rest 3 lution to be acted upon on Saturda; requesting that a petition be sent t 3 congress urging drastic laws to curb 3 W. W. activities. 1 The resolution says in part: 8 "Whereas, there is an element llvin e among us . . .who mistake llbert 3 for license, free speech for anarch; 3 and who by their action and speeche 7 and radical papers would revolutloniz 7 this government and make this land c " freedom a land of free Jove?be it r? solved; "That this convention petition con 3 gress that all members of radical oi " ganizatlons such as the I. W. W., Bol sheviki and kindred organizations b * deported . . . ; that a stop be pi e to the printing of their literature, an 3 that any one found guilty of diatribul '? ing their literature be deemed guilt v of a criminal offence" Efforts on the part of leaders 1 3 American Lesion to prevent que? ?uv ...... .. ? r - .. .. tions considered of a political natur 9 coming to a vote in the caucus, a yig r orous attack on the patriotism of Ch! 0 cago and its mayor, William I Thompson, and the selection of Minnt f apolis as the next convention city wet * among the developments in Friday 11 session, * For the time being, at least, th a question of the caucus' attitude on pr< 11 hlbition and on the charges of pationi ' guard officers that they have been ut 1 fairly discriminated against in favor < regular army men, was set'aside. Tt prohibition question was killed in special meeting of ,the national res< r lutlons committee and fpe nationi 11 guard question also temporarily ?ai aside. The move is said to have tt backing of Lieut Col. Theodore Roosi n velt, Col. Bennett Clark and other Jea< e ers in the organization. Backers i 4 resolutions regarding these two que* e tions insist they will force the cauci 5' to take some action. Chicago and Mayor Thompson wei 1 bitterly denounced as unpatriotic whc the question of the next conventic city came up. The Chicago delegatlc d had decorated the convention hall wil ? signs boosting that city, but,* after speech by J. F. J. Herbert of Mass; chssetts, delegates tore down many < them. "Massachusetts will not agree wil e fncriv to havine a convention of so O-rf diers In the-great war go to a city thi 1 has as its first citizen by vote, one wh & cannot measur? up in any small part 1 1 the test of 100 per cent American, e said Mr- Herbert when Chicago we suggested. e "The hall is placarded by signs saj lng The American Legion, Chicag e wants you in November.' If thes signs said 'Chicago soldiers and salloi want you,' we could consider it, bv our reply now must be: 'Chicago car " 1 anv other'time ur noi nave uo uun v. ....t lf til Chicago has an American for maj 9 or.'" The applause following the speec e lasted several minutes and then, le d by the Oregon lelegatl* n. In castln its vote, said It wanted to know th e action was accompanied by the sent ' ment, "To hell with 'Big Bill' Thomi son." John P. Cummings of Chicago, r< plied to Mr. Herbert, urging the del* g gates not to impugn the patriotism < l, 650,000 Chlcagoans who rallied to th n flag because the city had a "mayor < e which it was ashamed." The soldlei is and sailors' council of Seattle was ba red from the organization on tl grounds that Its members contalnt T. W. W. and other socalled radicals. The caucus elected Private P. C. Ca J" houn, a marine of Bridgeport, Conr third vice chairman, and passed rea lutlons, Including one urging support of the Victory Liberty loan. is . ? i INFLUENZA OF UNREST. B8 1 n inspiration of Bolshevism Is the Dev il, Says Editorial. I Are we living in "a new world?" el Must we have "a new life?" Must we el set aside all the established customs, religions, sentiments and feeling which * we have cherished for centuries? ColJ8 lege professors and some preachers of el the Gospel are Joining with the L W. g 'W., the Bolshevlkl and others in proclaiming a new freedom which in effect wnilld nrnvA in he a now alovorv >e < j. Witness Russia as an example. ,0 The whole world, we are told, is upte set. The war has made things differjj ent. The poor ought to be rich and j. the rich ought to be poo We are told d that an easy road to success must be 0 guaranteed to every man- It he cant8 not make a living, or thinks he cannot, 1S the government must provide for him. s. Not only that, but it must insure his [y 'life for the benefit of his survivors. j. . If he is shiftless and laxy, that A should make no difference; he is born [. into the world, and the world owes 'him a living. He did not enter it on p his own account; he was thrust into ir 'it, aqd has, therefore, a right to demand of the world that it shall take ie care of him, feed him while he lives, ie bury him when he dies, and give him e 'everything but a guaranty of heaven hereafter. ' All this we hear. It seems to be In [. 'the air. Everybody thinks that nofho ing is right The whole tendency is to n kick, to complain, to denounce, to pull down and to destroy. Is it a reflection , 'of the sDlrit of the Hun? Like the . influenza, wafted from Spain, It la pervading every community and reaching k every station, high and low. Is the world really so bad ? Was the I. work of the Great Creator so badly ! done that it must all be done ovar . e again by the fanatics of the Bolshevik [. 'stripe? Has the fine spirit of Independence that made American man> 'hood and womanhood so strong, so [. vigorous and so envied, all gone? e ' Are we so feeble and helpless that i_ we cannot do anything for ourselves? y Must we appeal to the government to 11 take the place of father and mother? y If so, God help the nation, for all the splendid, militant spirit that made its y men and women strong has left us, - 'and we have descended from the high 1, 'plane on which our forefathers stood -- and wallow In the mire of the com*. 5, monest herd. >f ' But we do not believe that this Is. the situation. It is fiction. It Is puren ly imaginary. It has been developed by it the evil spirit of despicable and dee plorable selfishness and comes not n from above, but from below. It ) is not from God, but from the devil. The reign of terror In Russia now, >- as in France during its revolution a y, century ago, finds its inspiration In the ;o impious cry, "No God, no master." I. This is the cry of the L W. W. and the Bolshevikl. It is utterly selfish, destructive, inhuman, g Though it rings through the streets y "and though it is heard from the house/, tops, though it is echoed in some putts pits, and in some halls of learning, it Is :e not the cry of manhood, of patriotism if or of consecrated seivlce to humanity, i- It is the cry of the weak, the wicked, and neither ever led an army to vic tpjry. - Let the nation wake up. Let the 1- people think. Let God be once more e enthroned. Let religion once more be it revered. Let faith, hope shd charity d combine to minister, as they always t- 'have ministered, to those who suffer, y and strengthen, those who are weak and who need strength.?Leslie's n . < i- The Dauntless French.?In 1914, e when the French believed the Germans f- to be surrounding Paris, as in 1870, i_ thou ihnv?H not the slightest sign of VUIB/ TTC-r ? -Jw . _ I. fear?only a restrained curiosity about ?- the Taubes, which at that time came e each day to visit the city at half past '8 live o'clock in the evening. The amazing Parisians, writes the author ef A '6 Frenchwoman's Notes on the war, >- seemed to treat the bomb-dropping M aeroplanes as a joke. Large crowds i* assembled In the open-air cafes, >f where a good view of the sky could be ie had. Some establishments even went a so far as to improvise a roof garden, >- which was patronized each day by the al devotes of the Taube exploits. Large Id crowds followed the aeroplanes along $,e streets of the city, gazing upward 3* as they walked along, and watching with great Interest the manoeuvring! of the strange birds. One evening the Tanhf fepalned i8 above the city for a particularly long time. It was past seven o'clock, and re still the crowd followed its movements !n from street to street, evidently await* ing the fall of the expected bomb. ,n Suddenly a street boy, tired of watt* :h lng formed a speaking trumpet by a curving his grimy hands round his l~ mouth and expressed the feeling of the patient, fearless crowd by calling up to the man in the Taube: "Hurry up and throw down .your bomb, you stupid Boche! We want to get home to our dinners!" lO . ? . :o Zapata Mexican-Indian. ? Zapata's speech is slow, almost word by word, us though he seems unconscious of that I often in conversation thought he had finished what he meant to say, and :o then, starting myself to speak, would ie find him going on, after an Interval In "8 his speech, which was not however, a it break. I have constantly used to myi 'self the Spanish word tosco In thinki ing of him, without any exact English r- 'equivalent; also without any depreciation in thought of Zapata himself, but h only as descriptive of the organism d which by race and birth is his meg diuse of action. The word literally ie 'means heavy, rough, unpolished. The i- word also supplies a simile as If of the >- light inside a diamond, which had to Shine and knew it, and yet which cons' stantly stumbled against the unpoli ished surface, without being abashed Jf or disheartened by that fact, thinking ie only of its own brightness. So Zapata 5f seems to me?with "Indlanism" as the rs light in him. In time a myth will grow r- up around his name.? William Gates ie in World's Work. sd i m , The Federal Council of the Church1. es of Christ, in session at Cleveland, , Ohio, has adopted resolutions asking " congress to pass a national antl-lynch?* ing law.