Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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;:r Y?iK?ILLE ENQUIRER. ~ raaPKD SEMI-WKKKLT. J L m. gfusts sons, puhiishcrs. j ^ ^[antiljj J}EiDSjjaiJfi|: ofor ih^ ^promotion of the ^lotiticat, ?>ot[iaI, ^grifiaUutal and (f omuurcial 3jnfcrcsts of the fppopU. |. simol* copt, rm onm. ESTABLISHED 1855 YORK, 8. C., NO^T WHY OF THE WAREHOUSE Farmers Instructed By a Teacher In Sympathy? BUSINESS PRINCIPLES MADE CLEAR Regulation of Market W,ill Stabilize Price*?The Producer Will Save Much That Now Goes for Various Expensive Methods?It is Generally a More Natural Situation. I The following discussion of the North Carolina state warehouse situation. by Clarence Poe is worthy of careful study. 1. It Will Insur* Better Prices by Better Regulating Sales First of all, a state warehouse system helps farmers keep cotton off the market in times of crisis and depression such as now face us. To force hundreds of thousands of unne?ded bales of cotton on a satiated market is like feeding corn to a foundered horse. We must provide means whereby farmers can hold cotton off the market when it goes below the cost of production and thereby compel a return to normal values. The only way to effect this result is to have (1) a scrupulously supervised state ware- i v""?" oirofom tnpether with (2) a SUf- I 1IUUOC OJ flclent volume of capital behind it to make Its receipt recognized as being just as good as a good bond. And such a system it may be noted In the outset will be just as beneficial to our business interests as to the farmers themselves. As The Cotton and Cotton Oil News of Dallas and Memphis said recently: * "The need of warehouses was never so forcibly felt as It has been recently. The farmer and merchant have firmly insisted upon holding their cotton for better prices. Notes were, however, falling due, notes that were made payable at cotton harvesting time. Jobbers, manufacturers and wholesalers thereupon presented their bills. The response was, 'Wait! Wait till cotton advances!' But jobbers, manufacturers and wholesalers were also facing notes that were due, and generally speaking, they could not wait." The remedy of this situation as The Cotton and Cotton Oil News went on to say, is a better warehousing system: "For the lack of proper housing there * 41 l? on/) Q In.QH is a aeieriorauuu UI CUtkVU UUV* ? J of money that 1b appalling." 2. Will Make Cotton Better Collateral. Such a system, however adopted? provided It Is backed by an ample guarantee fund wherever the sta^e Itself does not put Its own credit and guarantee behind each receipt?will guarantee behind each receipt?will make cotton just about the best collateral on earth. Cotton is almost the only agricultural product grown by man which can be kept Indefinitely without Injury; and the unusual safeguards thrown around both storage and selling In a properly conducted state warehouse system?the ample binding of all officials and provisions for an additional guarantee fund?will soon make such state cotton warehouse receipts look as good as government bonds in all the financial centers of America. In this way it will be easy to draw ample money for financing the state's cotton crop from ?-onniol fontprs. This will help ' 111^9*5 UIlOiivtiM farmers directly by making it easier to hold cotton for fair prices. And it will help farmers and all other classes indirectly because by freeing North Carolina banks of this burden, we free their funds for better serving all the other financial needs of our people. 3. Saving From "Country Damage." A warehouse system is needed to stop the enormous losses from "country damage." On this point J. E. Latham, of the J. E. Latham company, Greensboro, N. C., than whom there are few better cotton authorities among southern business men, said recently: "There is a loss to cotton farmers every year not of hundreds of dollars but of millions of dollars by what is known as 'country damage.' I believe that the south loses by country damage enough money every two years to build a standard cotton warehouse of ,A? tAvvn in 10,000 bales capacity m c?c.j tho south that handles annually as much as 20,000 bales or more. Among the world's outstanding blunders It Is hard to find a greater one than allowing year after year, from one to five per cent of the cotton In bales to go to waste." A state warehouse system not only provides facilities for storing cotton and checking this colossal loss, but it 1 dignifies the matter of warehousing and provides means for carrying on a statewide campaign against this 1 colossal "country damage" folly. Let any state by .the passage of such an act say to every cotton grower within its borders that here is a great evil which needs to be remedied and that otntp wishes to help remedy it, iliv and the subject Is at once given greater attention and emphasis than it would be possible for It to get in any other way. 4. Saving in Insurance. Through the state warehouse system there Is a great saving in insurance, and in the general storage charges. A farmer told us recently that he has a farm partly in a state which has a warehouse system and partly in a fetate without one, and that as a result, the storage charges in the state with a state warehouse system are only about half what they are in the one bv insuring all staie wuhuui v.... ? warehouses together insurance charges In South Carolina have been reduced nearly 66 2-3 per cent. 5. Proper Grading Cotton. Millions of dollars are now lost to our cotton growers every year because cotton is not properly graded. Under a state warehouse system all cotton stored must be accurately and officially graded or classed, thereby 'preventing the farmers from being among cotton buyers who now too often take advantage of the ignorant. 6. Selling in Quantities. Small farmers will be able to get better prices because they will be enabled to sell in 25, 50. 100, 500 or 1,000 bale lots Instead of each man for himself as now. Of course this group iBelllng is not compulsory, but the warehouse system does not open u the opportunity for this service, an should be authorized to sell, on re quest, for individual growers or group of growers on either foreign or do mestic markets, 7. Warehousing vs. Farm Storage. Even if a farmer can and will prop erly house his cotton at home and pro tect it from the usual ruinous wcathe damage or "countrj- damage," storag in an official warehouse nevertheles offers him two further notable advan tages he cannot get by farm storag< In the first place, warehouse cottoi [is infinitely better collateral. Anothe great advantage to the fanner is tha if he has his cotton warehoused thei whenever he feels that the market bes justifies it, he can sell right away without losing any time from lmpera tive farm work. The writer has store< hll the cotton he made last year an< some low grades left over from th< previous year. Suppose the prio should go up two or three cents i pound some week in June when ever; farm laborer and every farm horse I needed every minute in order to kee] down weeds and grass? With the cot ton in the warehouse in a marke town, we can sell it without losing < minute from work, whereas if store< on the farm this would be impossible 8. Will Help the Man Who "Board: at Home." It's a pity that some excellent mei in public life seem to think that if J farmer raises his bread and meat, hi doesn't need a cotton warehouse. Sucl an opinion simply shows that thi speaker has never been up against thi realities and difficulties which bese even the most progressive small far mer. Food isn't all a man needs Civilization, to say nothing of com. fort, demands that the farmer?end al the rest of the family?wear clothes and the farmer also wishes to educat< his children, provide proper medlca attention for his sick, etc., etc. H< also wishes to equip his farm in up-todate fashion, he needs a silo or fences or a new barn, or drainage, or pureherd cattle, or improved tools ant machinery. Consequently in the ab> sence of a proper warehousing system the imperative need for these thing! may force him to rush his cotton 01 the market to his own loss and th< loss of his brother farmer, no mattei how carefully he has prepared to "live at home and board at the same place.' 9. Justice of the 25 Cents a Bale Levy In some quarters it has been charged that under the new North Carolint law, the cotton that is not stored wil bay as much for the support of the 'warehouse system as the cotton that i! stored. This is not true at all. On the contrary if a man stores cotton foui or five months his warehouse charg< will probably be from $1.25 to $2 anc the bale levy 25 cents or a total cost of $1.50 to $2.25 for the man whc stores. The man who doesn's store will also get much of the benefit ol better regulated marketing which means better stabilized prices, anc! pay only 25 cents a bale?and that onlj for two years. So, far from beins discriminated against, he will certainly get in these indirect benefits, just as great profits in proportion to int amount of money spent as the mar who stores. 10. Expert Opinion on Value of Warehousing and Our North Carolins System. Following close on the heels of th( general demand for state cotton warehouse system in ; he south comes th< announcement that the National Association of Cotton Manufacturers is preparing to spend millions to develop cotton warehouses here. It is very evident that our farmers must choose between warehouse systems controlled by our own states and warehouse systems controlled largelj by northern manufacturers. In som< form or other we are going to hav< system, and the foremost authorities are commending the new South Carolina law as a model for other states The south has hardly any bettei known authority on cotton marketing than ex-Senator John L. McLaurir of South Carolina, until recently stats warehouse commissioner of that state In an interview in winston-saiem t few days ago he said: "North Carolina now has the bes cotton warehouse law in the cottor belt; and it is going to be the salva tion of the cottcn farmers in thi< state." And in a public address just aftei the North Carolina warehouse lav was passed, and before any questioi as to its constitutionality had beei raised anywhere, Mr. James H. Po\ said in an address before the Green< county cotton association: ' "We have needed a warehouse sys tern these many years. We will nov get it at the smallest sort of outlay Such a system will help maintaii prices and will, I believe, elevate th? price of cotton. In fact, I believe tha if every state will adopt the ware house system, at least two cents i pound will be added to the price o cotton grown." This may bo too much to expect but even a 10 per cent fulfillment o such an expectation would more thai justify all the. effort which has beei made to give the farmers of Nortl 'Carolina a modern and satisfactor; warehouse system. Let us encourag farmers everywhere to make the mos of the new facilities offered them. When a Soldier Suffers.?Ask an; wounded soldier what is the worst par of the war, says Captain A. P. Corco ran in "The Daredevil of the Army, and he will not tell you that it is th mud or the monotony or the terror of the hand-to-hand attack, but th nightmare after he has been restore to normal again :n a hospital back o the line. Ask any nurse what she find hardest to bear in her work in th wards. It is not the foul smell of bloo nor the filth of trench clothes nor th mangled flesh of the operating tabl< It is the drawn faces of the men, th haunted, harrowed look that stares a her out of their sorrowful eyes; or I is the shrill, eerie cry that awakes th ward in the night, when the man' mind reproduces the old misery in nightmare. It Is In retrospect tha some soldiers suffer most. That is wh death is sometimes preferable t maimed life. *3" Nature has a strong inclination t provide means for any end that i earnestly sought p THEY WANT WOOD d i- Republicans Working Up Presidential 8 Boom for Doctor-Soldier. In the opinion of Senator Moses of New Hampshire, according to a Washington correspondent to the New York Times, a growing sentiment is spreading throughout the Republican party r for the nomination of General Leonard e Wood as the party's candidate for 8 president in 1920. Senator Moses says New Hampshire will offer General Wood's name at the Republican con11 vention as a favorite son, and he be^ lieves that the General If nominated, would be elected. 11 Senator Moses says sentiment for General Wood is developed in all the ' 'New England states, as well as ~ throughout the west. He finds "more ' sentiment of the kind that eleets presi* ? - - .* /** ?.?i nr?J aerus surrounding vrciicitLi nuuu mau , any other who has been mentioned as a nominee in 1920." The only questtion, he says, is whether the demand V I among the party s votes can be "trans'muted into the kind of sentiment that 1 ^ produces delegates and nominates ^ presidents." ^ Senator Moses says New Hampj shire has prior claim to General Wood, as he was born in that state, but that 1 Massachusetts also backs him, as he S ] 'entered the army from that state, ^ while Kansas has given him her citi- ( zenshlp. i ] e "He will go to the convention," de^ Clares the senator, like Grant from 'Appomattox and its famous apple tree, a Supported by a nation-wide circle of 1 I friends, and if nominated, will be elect- ' ed." | The drift in the Republican party j toward General Wood, the senator I says, "is readily explainable." ' "The people," he said, "are turning , I away from Wilson, who will return j home sadly diminished in spite of the < s League of Nations and its initial session to be held in Washington. A most signlflcent feature of many public meetings which I have attended in j New England was the readiness with t which the audiences rose to any gibe i at Wilson. This would have been 1m- , j possible prior to the president's trip i t 'to Paris; and now it signifies the shift ] 'in public opinion. "In turning from such a figure, the i ; inevitable tendency of the public mind < ", 'is to seek its antithesis, Colonel Roose'velt embodied this ideal to the last de- i gree, and had he lived I think he would i L 'have been our candidate, named, per- < . I haps, by acclamation. With him gone < ' there is a demand for an inheritor of the Roosevelt legend. "To many minds Leonard Wood ^ seems the rightful heir, with the straw- ; "berry mark on his right arm, and all' j the other signs of full identification. t With Roosevelt he sought to serve overseas, and that privilege was refused; with Roosevelt he accepted un^ complainingly the fate which jealous politicians meted out to him, and did his ( full duty at home, like the good soldier that he is. Like Roosevelt, he has an infectious personality which has ' baffled all the plans of the administ tration to pocket him. Exiled to Charleston by the war department he infected the south?and nowhere ' has he more admirers than in that so- t 'lid Democratic section. Sent then to ' the pacifist plains of Kansas as a safe hiding place, he inoculated that re- 1 gion with his genius?and now the prairies are ablaze with enthusiasm for him. Transferred now to cosmopolitan Chicago, he seems to be repeat- 1 1ng there his experiences in the Democratic south and the pacifist middle west?ana ins siuruy Aiucnuttuigin is i already producing its Inevitable react- 't ten. i . "General Wood's speeches, too, are 1 of a character to attract attention. His < t thought is always for his country; and 1 [ the controverted questions of acute j momentary inercsts have not diverted < him from the central idea that the United States must depend upon itself < ' 'in the future, no matter how massive < r may be the international machinery " ' which inventive minds are trying to l ^ set up for the manufacture of a mill- i ennium. This soldier as admlnistra- i ' tor and statesman has no illusions, < and the constructive period which de- '] t layed peace will usher in will find him j ready to help solve its problems." < . m ? 'i j EUROPE'S PEASANT HOLIDAY. i 1 r Quit Work and Flock to Cities, Leav- 1 7 ing America to Feed World. 1 One of the striking features of the 1 after-war disorganization in the coun1 tries of central Europe is the dlsin- v B clination of the peasants to return to their agricultural pursuits and the " herding of millions of the inhabitants , ' in the cities, where there is even less ' ' food and less chance for the poor to 1 get it than in the country. This exE traordinary and generally unexpected , * situation has greatly reduced the pos* sibility of Europe feeding herself next 1 winter, and gives assurances that * every pound of food America can produce this year will be needed by the world, and that prices will not be mat* erially lower than they have been if i thov rin not advance on some staples. 11 Added to European disorganization comes a great reduction in India's food Y output and the fact that much of Ause tralia's great share of wheat, on which 1 so much was counted, will be unfit for shipment. When the armistice was signed It y was thought that the armies would be 4 demobilized, and that the people of " Germany, Austria-Hungary and the other countries of central Europe 6 would return in large numbers and 3 take up work on tne mnu. mere waa , e every reason to believe that peasants ^ would cultivate the soil and produce * a large share of the needed food for f 8 this coming year. In this respect e there has been great disappointment. ^ Due to unsettled conditions and une stable government, the people have i' been slow to take up any regular oce cupatlon. In some districts, where there have been many large land holdlt ings, the people are demanding that e these be broken up into smaller tracts 8 and distributed. Many thousands of a peasants are leaving the mountain country, where they have been producy ing lWve stock, and are coming down ? into the valley country, where they hope to get a share of the rich agricultural lands. The peasants on these 1? lands are slow to plant and cultivate, fearing they may lose their labor and their crops if the land Is glren toothers. The result of this disturbance Is that food production will be materially decreased. In other territory, due to a lack of transportation and seed, crop production will be very much reduced. Conditions everywhere are such that there Is little hope for normal production. With the disturbance in the country, it is found that the people are flocking to the cities. In 1914 the city of Budapest had a population of about 800,000 while the population today Is more than 2,000,000. The city of Vienna In the past few months has increased in population more than 1,000,000. During normal times the city of Vienna received 900,000 liters of milk dally. At tms time in is nas dbch reduced to 90,000 liters of milk, which Is given by cards only to babies and Invalids. The American flour which has reached Germany has been sold in half-pound lots for 2.14 marks. This would be at the rate of about 61 cents x pound. Other foodstuffs are selling at unusually high prices, all of which Indicates that the supply of food is far from meeting the demand. The expected surplus of India and Australia has been much reduced. Instead of India having 200,000,000 buBhels of wheat for export that country must receive a large amount to flght aflf famine. A part of the Australian surplus was lost as a result of mold, rodents, and general deterioration. In view of these facts, D. I. Christie, assistant secretary of agriculture, speaking for the department, has callsd upon American farmers to keep up their record production of recent war years, not only as a humane contribution to the welfare of mankind, but as good buslnesa MYSTERIES OF THfc KAwiriw. Scientist* Show Increasing Interest in Old Problems. "How did the flightless birds of New Zealand originate? "What Is the nearest living relative to the extinct dodo of Samoa? ' * "What is the import of the same species of fresh water fish In two rivers situated on opposite sides of the Pacific? "Did a land mass fly out of the what is low the Pacific ocean before this planit was cooled and form the moon?" These are Just a few oft ho many ines of inquiry which science will turn to in the Pacific Ocean after the peace conference has adjusted the many col>nial questions affecting New Guinea, :hc Carolines, the Marshal Islands and ihe numerous other holdings in this east known region In the world, iccordlng to ? bulletin from the Natonal Geographic Society. The writer of the communication jpon which the bulletin is based, Leopold G. Blackman, continues: "Much valuable material also will >e collected to assjgt la a lerstanding of the growth of ou^own civilization from elemental savagery, 'or It is reasonable to suppose that the primitive wants of man in different iges and regions have called forth limllar expedients to satisfy them. "Other Important objects of investigation for the ethnologist will touch ;he various racial types into which :he Pacific islanders are divided. Of ;hese, three are generally recognized, f whom the Papuans and Polynesians ippear to show the widest divergences, ivith the Micronesians occupying the ntermedlate ground and possessing iffinities of race, language, and custom within the other two. The presence of two distinct races of man- in the Pacific suggests two periods and jources of immigration and adds dlfIculty to an already perplexing question, for the demarkation between the j ilvlslons of the races is by no means well defined, but is complicated by the ldmixture of many other races of both iriential and occidental origin. "The Papuans may be generally 3ald to inhabit New Guinea, the Solamons, New Caledonia, and Fiji, Their most obvious characteristics may be briefly summed up by stating that they are irreligious, democratic quarrelsome, cannibalistic, hostile to strangers. They possess no hereditary chiefs, paint or scar the body rather than wear clothes, cook in earthen pots, shew betel, and their speech is broken up into a number of apparently Irreconcilable dialects. The Papuans are the least attractive of any Pacific islanders, and the island groups which they occupy are among the least known of the Pacific and have been for many generations shunned by marines and associated with everything that is of evil reDute in the re cord of the ocean. "The Polynesians in many attributes are greatly at variance with the Papuan islands. They possess, generally speaking, an elaborate religious system, an established order of hereditary chiefs and well-deflned social castes. They are friendly to strangers, fond of dress, expert manufacturers of Kapa cloth, and intrepid seamen and navigators. They tattoo instead of scar the body, seldom practice cannibalism, cook In earthen ovens instead of in earthen pots, drink awa, and possess a common language understandable throughout New Zealand, Hawaii, Samoa, Tahiti, and the Paumotu Islands. "Of all the Pacific races the greatest interest attaches to the Polynesian islanders, but it is unfortunately these people whose primitive customs and racial types have been most broken up by modem intercourse. "The Malayo-Polynesian language possesses tne aisuncwon ui uemg bjiuhen indigencies over the widest area of any lswiguageof the world, for It embraces two great oceans and extends from the island continent of Madagascar to the Isolated islet of Rapanl." ? Statesburg, May 2: The safe in the freight office of the Charleston & Western Carolina railway in this city was last night blown open and robbed of the sum of $45 in cash, about $900 in checks and several insurance policies belonging to John Scruggs, local agent of the company. No trace of the robber or robbers has yet been found. It is believed that the job was that of an expert yeggman as all indications show that the work was neatly done. The robber entered through the rear of the depot sometime during the night. The robbery was discovered this morning by a member of the city police force. The city and county authorities are on the trail of the guilty party or parties but thus far nothing has been found which would lead to their capture. THE CURRENCY SITUATION British Expert Discusses Subject iDformlngly CAUSE OF DBOF IN JtONEK VALUES There Has Been More Depreciation During the Paet Four Yeara Than During Previoue Four Centuriea?Inflation a Leading Cause?Suggestions I as to Possible Remedies. New York Times. At the bottom of 80 per cent of pll the labor troubles and unrest of ',the day lies the currency problem. Civilized countries must solve it on new lines, for any rapid return to the standard of value obtaining in 1914 wouia mean widespread oanxrupicy. This is the opinion of Lord D*Aber'non, who as Sir Edward Vincent won a world-wide reputation as a financier 'by the success with which he managed the public debts of Turkey and Egypt, 'and restored the finances of the latter country. ' In a recent speech in the house of 'lords, Lord D'Abernon drew attention to the condition of the currency. He declared that although there had been 'a steady depreciation In the value of money for the last 700 years, the fall during the four years of war was equal to that during the 400 years from '1300 to 1700, and was much greater than its fall from 1700 to 1900. In only two periods of history, he said, was there any financial phenomenon comparable to this, and that was the depreciation which occurred be'tween 1600 and 1640, after the discovery and opening up the silver mines 'of Potosi, and the fall?much less than today's?which resulted during the Napoleonic wars. This, he contended, was the most alarming feature of the 'financial situation of today. Asked by 'the correspondent of The New York Times to explain why this startling change had come in the value of money, and what were likely to be the results, Lord D'Abernon said it was due to the great increase during the war in the quantity of legal tender in circulation. Paper currency?having the power of legal tender?In 1914 was estimated as amounting In the leading 'asuntrles of the world to about ?1,000,000,000, but today It was probably '?6,000,000,000. 1 "That means," he said, "that the a&iount of legal tender has increased very much more rapidly than the amount of commodities In use, and consequently, even If the quantitative theory of ct^rency Is not fully accepted, that must have a very Important effect on the level of prices. t"Take the United Kingdom, for example. The amount of legal tender in Bactilaildlftifcre Is from twrr to three times as great as it was in 1914. In France and in Germany there are still greater increases. As for Russia, the increase is enormous, although It should be noted that the precise effect on the world Increase of prices of a great rise of local prices in any particular country is very obscure." Lord d'Abernon here pointed out that in consideration of the question of prices it was a great mistake to mix up too closely the effects of an increase in credit and an increase in currency. Prices, he holds, depend far more closely on the amount of currency In circulation and the proportion between the demand for it and the supply than on any question 01 eredlt" "This vast Increase In the quantity of currency,' he continued," la quite unprecedented. England and the European world generally, that is, the great powers of Europe, have been accustomed to merely small fluctuations in the supply of money, and we have been used to reckon the rise or fall in the standard of value to the extent of 20 per cent as almost a convulsion; but now we are confronted, and have to deal with a fall in the standard of value of from 60 to 60 per cent "Certain definite results must follow from this. In the first place, it is ludicrous to suppose that such a radical alteration in the value of the counters in which financial transactions are measured can be lived through without radical readjustments. In the second place, if these fluctuations are to continue, either upward or downward, it is almost imperative to establish a sliding scale in accordance with which financial obligations can be adjusted. It is not of obvious advantage to arrange such a scale in advance, to be applied automatically, rather than to permit each fluctuation in the value *- 11 ?? on nnnrpnared of currency iu mu vu ?... world and to be followed by a series of struggles between the parties to money agreements, In order to arrive at a satisfactory settlement?" Lord d'Abernon's attention wae called to the fact that the British government during the war adopted certain sliding-scale arrangements, so as to correlate the wages In some Industries to the cost of living. He replied: "Such attempts have been only very partial, but are undoubtedly full of lrinterest and instruction. You should note, however, that the sales adopted have always been based on the cost of living, and not on the changes In the value of money, which would be the more nearly correct method. The two ivstems might produce much the same results, it is true, but the one is a true basis, and goes to the root and cause, while the otheY is merely empirical adjustment of the resultant. "I am convinced, and cannot state too strongly my belief, that 80 per cent of our present industrial troubles, and our Bolshevism, which is so great a menace to Europe, are due to this pnormous displacement in the value 01 money. Changes In the value of currency In which wages, salaries, and other forms of remuneration are paid are the root cause of the prlvaillng unrest." What Lord d'Abernon advises Is the adoption officially of one of the tables of prices of a large range of standard communities as an index to the true value of money. Some of the prices on the list may rise and some may fall; but, provided the selection Is sufficiently extensive and varied from the average, the exact value of currency can be scientifically and accurately determined. Lord d'Abernon would then refer all wages and minor salaries as they fell due to the Index and would require the payment, not of the face value, but of the amount to which the table showed it was then equivalent. Naturally the smaller fluctuations would be Ignored. To what contracts, outside of those for wages and minor salaries, It might be necessary to apply the sliding scale, would be a matter for ulterior consideration. There is similar urgency in other cases. "That divorces the value of currency from the cost of production of the world, doea it not?" the correspond > ent asked. < "That has occurred long: since," was | Lord d'Abernon's reply. "If there were to be any attempt today to bring about a rapid return to the gold currency basis of 1914 It would almost double the weight of the world's indebtedness, and would certainly lead to the bankruptcy of many nations. "The present Inflation of currency, whatever Its dangers?and I do not underrate them?has this beneficial effect, that It reduces the enormous public debts Incurred during the war, and by that much makes them more easy to bear and more likely to be paid." DEFEN8E OF THE Y Chairman of tha Finance Committee Makes Public Statement. George W. Perkins, chairman of the finance committee of the Y. M. C. A. has made public here his official report as Investigator Into the efficiency and service of the organization overseas. He went abroad with Monrtlmer L. Schiff, F. 8. Brockman and John R. Hall when criticism of the Y. M. C. A. was being voiced In this country and returned to make his report last week. "The Y. M. C. A. undoubtedly made mistakes," Mr. Perkins said, "trut wnai It tried to do wap to respond to every call that the army made on It It did not side step any task that it was asked to perform." Indicating the care with which men and women Y. M. C. A. workers were selected for overseas work, Mr. Perkins reported that out of 160,000 candidates 40,000 were sifted out and considered In New York but finally only 11,229 were nent to Europe. Last month the organization had in Eu- < rope 6,693 men and 2,667 women workers. That the Y. M. C. A. workers as a whole were brave and unselfish Is shown by the fact that 14 secretaries were killed and 126 others were wounded,' he said. Regarding the charge of profiteering In supplies Mr. Perkins' report said: "One day we could get supplies sent on a government boat without freight charges. The next day the only way to send them was to pay almost as much freight as the goods cost It will be readily seen that It was almost Impossible to arrtre at anything like an average cost price at which to sell these goods. "The T. M. C. A. never solicited money for the purpose of giving away its canteen supplies. The statement has been frequently made that the Y. M- C. A. charged higher prices for canteen supplies than the army did.. This , was true at certain periods when the cost of transportation was exceedingly high and when it was Impossible to , determine costs accurately. But the final result of the Y. M. C. A. canteen service will show a substantial loss. "The Y. M. C. A. handled in France alone upwards of 2,000,000 packages or cigarettes, 32,000,000 bars of chocolate 18,000,000 cigars, 60,000,000 cans of jam, . 29,000,000 packages of chewing gum , and 10,000,000 packages of candy. i "These are only (L few of the Items handled but the size of these figure? should convince any one that It would be financially Impossible for the Y. M. C. A. to give its supplies away gen-? , eraliy. Furthermore, the army does ( not favor any such policy. "On March 1 of this year, the Y. M. C. A. had in use in France 687 buildings erected by itself, 696 under lease and 782 centers in tents and army , buildings. More than 2,250,000 athletic articles were given to soldiers in 1918 and 1919." , ' * 1 I APPOINTMENT OF POSTMASTERS i ] * niaKntiM the tongrvumari oi???n?vn .... Civil Service Idea. i The Columbia State of yesterday, had the following addressed to the editor of that paper by Congressman Stevenson : ' Your editorial, "Are Examinations ] Travesties?" based upon the editorial , of the Rock Hill Record, stating that no matter how meritorious a candidate may be proven by the examination, he will not be named, unless he be ac- , cep table to the senators from- South Carolina, I think Is based on an in- 1 accurate understanding of the sltua- ' tlon. Unless there is special cause shown, , tho man who makes the highest mark in the examination will be appointed, regardless of the wishes of the sena- < tors or their likes and dislikes. Then ( if they make it a personal matter when It comes to the confirmation and he is ' "personally objectionable" to the senators, they can have the appointment j rejected. The appointee does not have to be personally acceptable to the senators, but if the senator makes the 1 plea to the senate that the appointee , is "personally objectionable" he can , prevent his confirmation?and that is . nothing new. Postmasters above the fourth class have always had to be 1 confirmed by the senate, and there are many instances where the senators have exercised the right to have appointments rejected on personal 1 grounds, but they have absolutely i nothing to say about appointments until they are transmitted to the senate for confirmation, and I will say that ! there never has been an appointment made in my district since I have been in congress, which the senators have " * * A- aon/1 T an. nesitaiea 10 cuumiu ?.i um-i <u.u ? prehend that there will be no candidate for the Rock Hill office who will And any difficulty after he passes the t Inspection of the civil service coramis- { sion and the postofflce departments in being confirmed by the senate; but I ! have no brief for the senators and do i not undertake to speak for them. The examinations are not travesties, but are a business way of selecting-an important officer of the government and I have not only approved the < same but have Insisted on the results ( being accepted in good faith and the winners In the examinations being appointed and confirmed whether per- ' sonal or political friends of mine or not, and I hope the confidence of the | country in the honesty of the government in endeavoring to get the high- 1 est order of talent suitable for post- I masters will not be impaired by any ] misunderstanding of the situation. W. F. Stevenson. Cheraw. < "THE BIVOUAC OF THE DEAD." Just at this season when Memorial Day Is being observed in so many southern communities, it is a fitting time to reprint the following famous elegy?one of the most famous and most beautiful tributes to fallen warriors to be found in this or any other language. And Theodore O'Hara, its author, was a southerner?a Kentuckian. We omit a few of the verses: The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few. On Fame's eternal camping-ground Their silent tents are spread. And Glory guards, with solemn round, The bivouac of the dead. No rumor of the foe's advance Now swells upon the wind No troubled thought at midnight haunts Of loved ones left behind: No vision of the morrow's strife The warrior's dream alarms; No braying born nor screaming fife At dawn shall call to arms. Their silvered swords are red with rust; Their plumed heads are bowed; 1 Their haughty banner, trailed in dust, Is now their martial ahroud. And plenteous funeral teara have waahed The red ataina from each brow, And the proud forma, by battle gashed, Are free from anguish now. The neighing troop, the flashing blade, The bugle'a stirring blast. The charge, the dreadful cannonade. The din and shout are past; Nor war's wild note, nor glory's peal. Shall shrill with fierce delight Those breasts that nevermore may feel The .rapture of the fight. Rest on, embalmed and sainted dead I Dear as the blood you gave; No impious footstep here shall tread The herbage of your grave; Nor shall your story be forgot. While Fame her record keeps, Or Honor points the hallowed spot Where Valor proudly sleeps. Yon marble minstrel's voiceless stone In deathleas song shall tell. When many a vanished age hath flown. The story how ye fell; Nor wreck, ner change, nor winter's blight. Nor Time's remorseless doom. Shall dim one ray of glory's light That gilds your deathless tomb. HOW WE SAVED PARI8. "Miracle of Chateau Thierry" Told by Col. R. H. C. Kelton. The story of how the Americans saved Paris Is told for the first time In The Century by Col. R. H. C. Kelton, now attached to the general staff, Dili &i me lime 01 Tne juimcit) ui Chateau Thierry." aa he calls his artl- 1 cle, chief of stafT to the famous Third division. We reprint below certain ^ salient portions of his story. ' "The success of the Germans In the 1 big- drive In the north?Plcardy In : March and Flanders In April?brought 1 the Allied morale lower than before, 1 and Sir Douglas Halg Issued a general 1 order in which he said: 'We are fight- 1 ing with pur backs to the wall.' They 1 were, for the Boche was then bombing 1 all lines of communication clear back * to the channel coast from Calais al- * moSt to Havre. '"" ' "The Chateau Thierry drive occurred { In the last week of May, and matters looked desperate. All the big industrial concerns near Paris engaged In the manufacture of ammunition and ' war material were moving their plants to points south of Paris as fast as available transportation would permit J All government bureaus and all banks ' labored with records and books, se- 4 curlties and cash, packed and ready for 1 flight at a moment's notice. The sit- c uatlon seemed hopeless to some and J serious to all. * "Finally, on the evening of July 14, , prisoners were captured, who stated 1 that the attack would take place that 4 very night at midnight. The front of 4 attack extended from the town of 4 Gland, about three kilometers east of Chateau Thierry, and thence east and I northeast to the Montagne de Rhelms. ? "The defeat of the German attack 4 on July 15 among the Marne and to i the east of Rhelms forms the first part 4 of this event, and the magnificent 1 counter offensive Initiated on July 18 by those five heroic divisions, two 4 American and three French, may well 1 be called the demonstration of the ml- 4 racle, for In those three days the mor- 4 ale of the Allies had been born anew. J "The German high command was be- 4 wlldered; they had counted It an easy step In their operations toward Paris ' and ultimate victory. Hertllng, the t German chancellor, three dayt, before ' his death stated that he was convinced 1 on July 1, 1918, that the Allies would ? propose peace before September. He 4 said: 'We expected grave events In I Paris before the 16th of July. But on the 18th even the most optmlstic 4 among us knew that all was lost. The 1 history of the world was played out ^ In those three days.' 4 "Before closing I shall try to snow ? what I conceive to be an explanation c of this miracle of Chateau Thierry, c even though miracles are not supposed t to be explained. As the months of l 1918 passed by, and only six divisions I were in France when the German offensive opened, the opinion was often < expressed, and repeated, 'the Ameri- a cans are too late,' and hope was al- 1 most gone. a "But when on July 16 the news was c spread that green American troops had a succeeded in administering a crushing defeat to massed German attack, the * Allies suddenly found that, instead of a merely a promise for the future, they a had ready at their side the reality of 1 the American military strength. "If unseasoned American troops c could fight like that, then twenty-five * divisions were available and the hope c of victory and the will to conquer * burned again with an unquenchable * flame, for the war could still be won." c t . t ONCE GAY CAPITAL. r c People Who Live for Pleasure Only. Budapest, objective of the Rumanian h advance into Hungary, famed for its d Incomparable night life, before it suf- r fered the rights of war, outbursts of ? anarchy, and infection of Bolshevism, J is the subject of a bulletin from the National Geographic society. C. Townley-FuIIam, in a communl- ' cation to the society, vividly describes ^ the pre-war gayeties of the Magyars v and tells something of their tempera- 'a ment as follows: a 'It is 10 o'clock at Budapest Theaters and opera, music halls and cafes, restaurants and casinos are packed r for the serious business of the day has begun. To find an empty place " me must go into the brilliantly lightsd streets or go home. From now ^ until long alter the dawn has broken over Buda fortress, on the other aide, the easy-going, Improvident Magyar of the city Is Immersed in affairs which will not wait, "He who never goes to bed and gets up at seven In the morning, never has money and spends it royally; nevir puts off till tomorrow what he hopes some one may be induced to do for him next week; whose Ideas of time ire rather Oriental than Central European; who makes haste, in other matters, with caution and forebodings, Is guilty of much, but never of neglecting his urgent private affairs. "Budapest is, after ail, what nature uid the Magyar have made her. But to comprehend her, to come into Intimate touch with the wonder of things Magyar, it Is not enough to understand the architect and all for which lie stands. The city of the Magyars has her own secret; she may be experienced, but not described. "Never was a people more addicted to phlloeophy than this people?a j philosophy frankly Teutonic. Never was a people more prone to appeal to the sedative properties of half bricks, it would be difficult to find a race more fitted to govern, and impossible to name one less able. "The true Magyar would scorn to 5 bear false witness against his neighbor; he does not steal; he cannot curse; nor does he work on the seventh day, nor indeed on any other. The commandments take their chance. "These things may not be quite convincing. But when we approach the luestlon of tribute, the rendering unte Caesar of things which are not Caesar's the pure Oriental emerges from its purely western environment and is . t igain in the tents of Shem. 'Take a typical, concrete, everyday instance. Go Into a cafe and order a srlass of milk, the nominal value of which may be 16 kreuzers. Perhaps the waiter will bring It, perhaps he will forget "For the sake of the argument he srings it The waiter, also the boy who loads your table with yesterday's papers, also the man who swoops upon vour hat also the Oipsy who pours put his soul in alleged music for his pwn satisfaction?and he is easily satisfied?also the dlgulsed Margula who 3 happens to wander in your direction, ill must be appeased. Under 60 3 treuzers you cannot well escape. * ' 3j "This, then, is the happy-go-lucky Magyar of the city beautiful, the mercurial citizen who lives by chancs, . % who will stake his all and much of yours on the turn of a card or the ipeed of a horse, to whom life la a masquerade of the gods and suicide 10 crime, whose business Is pleasure, who will one day Infallibly be rich i jy the turn of a lottery wheel. This Is he strange anomaly who would fight 'or a woman in this world or for hearm in the next, but who would work tor neither In any world or any cir- ^ mmstances whatever. JAPAN ACTING UGLY. ,s Newspapers Wage Bitter Agitation Against America. The antl-Aigerlc&n campaign In the Japanese press writes an Associated 3reca correspondent from Tokyo, conInues with renewed force. Up to the >resent no serious over acts have been lommlttcd against Americans or American property. Evidence exists, lowever, that the newspaper agitation vhlch has spread to virtually all the eadlng journals of the empire, is in:ltlng popular feeling against America md thus paving the way of possible >pen demonstrations. Representative Japanese deplore ths jress campaign and have begun to Tltlclse the government for Its failure :o check the literary outburst on the rround that they are going so far that hey are liable to engender ill feel ng. The participants la a bum meeting leld Sunday, at which some antl\merican speeches were delivered, mnounced their Intention of continuing he demonstration In front of the American embassy. The police, howiver, prevented this step. The belief Is expressed here that the 3&sls for the agitation la fear of the trowing- influence of the United State* n International affairs as evidenced by ler position at the peace conference md that It will act as a curb on nhat ire regarded as Japan's legitimate narrations In Ohlna and Siberia. After declaring that renewed atempta for antl-J&paneee legislation on he Pacific slope Indicate that the Americans persecute Japan In everyhlng, while wearing the mask of 11brty and fairness, the Hochi Shlmbun barges the Americans with having lnIted the Chinese to make the secret reatles public and also accuses Amercan missionaries of fomenting the Corean insurrection. The Yorodzu Choho says the Amerl * Aai* attamntl ions wno uru rwyunuiiK 4/1 aviwr? it anti-Japanese legislation are nothng better than barbarians; that their ictions are more despicable than those if the Germans whose barbarities they ittack. "Hypocrite," "despot," "transformed caiser," "man with the voice of an mgel but with the deeds of the devil," ire some of the epithets applied by the tewspapers to President Wilson. Today's newspapers print articles ac:uslng Americans and British In China vlth exciting the Chinese In the rsent Chinese-Japanese agitation In Peking, based on the Japanese victory at he peat* conference on the question if Shantung. The aim is declared to le the rooting out of Japan's superior lghts in China and substituting their iwn influence. At a meeting of the Kokuralnto party eld in Osaka a resolution was passed eclasfcig that recognition of the Monoe doctrine by the league of natlona hmild be Interpreted as recognition of apan's predominance in the far east. The Item of 8upport.?A. gang of rish workmen was busily emraged unaading at the docks. Suddenly there ras a tremendous ouzslng overhead .nd an airplane came in sifht, flying t a very nign aiuiuae. "Sure, I wouldn't like to be up there a that airplane," remarked Murphy, eflectlvely. "Ah," replied Pat. "But I wouldn't Ike to be up there without It, aonny!" tr The beet way to shut up a eadlcal ? to give him a: political Job.