Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, March 28, 1919, Image 1
^^^^^ISSX3TgP BKMI'WKEKL^^
f L. M. GRIST'S SONS, Publishers. } % 4am% gjltwspaptK: <Jfor th$ promotion of ih$ political, Sgrijaltoipl and OJommeiirial Jnimsta of th$ people )
SIN OLE COPF, FIVE CENTS.
ESTABLISHED 1855 ~ YORK, 8, C, FRIDAY, MARCH 28, 1919. .
ROBINS TELLS OF RUSSIANS
Former Red Cross Commissioner
Claims to be Informed
ACTUAL CONDITIONS MISUNDERSTOOD
v
The Idea that the Bolshevists Are Only
Thugs and Cutthroats Is All Wrong
Lenine and Trotsky are Working
on a Wrong Idea, But They Are'
Honest About It.
Before 1,500 members and guests of
the League of Free Nations association,
which stands for the immediate
formation of a league of nations as an
integral part of the final peace treaty,
Col. Raymond Robins of the American
Red Cross mission to Russia, talked
irt New York for more than three
hours on Saturday afternoon on conditions
in Russia as he found them during
nearly a year's stay in that country.
This was Colonel Robin's first public
address since his appearance before
? the United States senate committee in -(
the Bolshevist investigation, and he
told his hearers that he had been content
to wait nearly a year, being con
fldent that in due time he woum nave
a chance to appear before an intelli*
gent audience and tell the truth about
Russia. He also exhibited a formidable
array of documentary proof of his <
statements. Frederic C. Howe, United
States commissioner of immigration,
presided.
"It Is my deliberate Judgment that ,
Lenine and Trotsky are sincere international
Socialist revolutionists engaged
in a world revolutionary enterprise,"
he declared, modifying his
statement, however, by adding that, in (
his opinion, their programme, "which
they have followed sincerely at the
risk of their lives and for which they
are still risking everything in the hope
of a world revolution," is economically
impossible and morally wrong. He said
also that these leaders had no love for
the Allies, but still less for the German
military autocracy.
Work Under Kerensky.
The speaker further declared that he
had spent three months with the Kerensky
government, doing his utmost
to help stabilize it, and six months
with the Soviet government, and during
this latter time he saw Lenine and
Trotsky on an average of three times
a week. "I was in Russia from July, 1
1917, to June, 1918, and if I do not
know more of the Russian situation in
that time than any other Allied representative
I neglected my opportunities."
he said, later adding that he was
the only Allied official who ever talked
with Nlcolai Lenine ?fter si*
months with the Soviet government.
Colonel Robins told of his work in
trying to help feed Russia under the i
Kerensky government and declared
that the Allied policy and demands on
Kerensky, "based on the testomony of l
the reactionary 7 per cent indoor, tea- 1
table thought of Russia and disregarding
the 93 per cent outdoor opinion," 1
destroyed Kerensky's power and over- i
threw the provisional government.
Knowledge of Facts Needed.
No one can get at the actual facts in
the Russian situation, he explained,
% until he can understand the economic
difficulties of the country. If he does
understand them, he said, he will realize
how the Russian people, fond of
music, art and literature, and not talented
industrially, had taken the person
nearest at hand to manage their
Industries for them, that person in :
most cases being a well-trained German
or Austrian who had not only
been trained in industry in the schools
of Berlin and Vienna, but also in the
Russian language. When war was declared,
he added, these industrial managers
had returned to Germany, thus
leaving Russia seriously hampered
economically, and to increase the difAcuity,
they had come back to act as
secret agents to complete the demoralization
of Industry and to proAt by it.
Colonel Robins paid enthusiastic
tribute to Col. William Thompson, who,
he said, gave $1,000,000 of his own
t money, not to the Bolsheviki, but to
prevent Bolshevism from getting into
power in Russia, anid who did his best
to make the Russian people understand
that the defeat of German autocracy
was absolutely necessary for
the success and protection of the revolution
and revolutionists. The American
envprnment. he added, could have
organized the economic: power of Russia,
have furnished the economic
| brains and controlled the raw materials
of the country.
Economic Situation Known.
That neither Trotsky nor Lenine had
ever broken their word to him, but
that they had put efficient power bef
hind whatever they had promised him
and that Lenine had even helped him
at personal risk, was also asserted by
Colonel Robins. He said also that they
understood perfectly the economic situation
in Russia and had asked him
to get economic aid from the United
States. At no time, however, did Lenine
or Trotsky pretend any special
friendship for the United States, but
said that they hoped the proletariat in
the United States would get control of
the government, he said, and added
that he urged them to shoot their disorganizing
formulas into Germany, as
that would help the Allies win tne
war.
^ Over and over again Colonel Robins
scored what he calls the stupidity of
those who believed that the Soviet
government represented only thugs,
murderers and German agents. He
said, too that although he believed the
^ soviet formulas to be wrong, still he
considered it possible even yet to save
the values of the situation for the Allies,
for the United States and her economic
interests, instead of forcing
Russia into the arms of Germany, if
IIU* lies ilUUUl U1V OVIKt van uv UV
stroyed and the truth shown forth.
Lifting Embargoes Urged.
As a constructive programme in the
situation Colonel Robins recommended
the lifting of embargoes on all Russian
fronts so that the men. women and
0 children of Russia need not starve;
the entering into direct negotiations
for an armistics on all fronts where
Allied or Tzecho-Slovak forces are engaged,
the insistence in the armistice
negotiations upon a general political
amnesty to be declared and guaran-j
teed by both sides, Allied forces to be
retained in Russia for the sole purpose
of enforcing such guarantees and to be
used after the armistice in reorganizing
and operating the railroads
chiefly for the transportation of food
supplies throughout the country; the
sending of relief to Petrograd and
Moscow immediately upon the signing
of the armistice and the sending of a
commission of inquiry with industrial
and trade experts to Moscow to ascertain
and report the facts in the present
situation in Soviet Russia and to make
recommendat'ons as to the best means
of bringing social peace, economic reorganization
and relief to the whole
Russian people.
"The Russian people have the right
to have the kind of government that
the Russian people want," Colonel
KODins conciuaea, unu uu kuyciu*
ment set up by foreign rifles will ever
be maintained except by foreign rifles."
LAW AS TO ALCOHOL SALES.
Attorney General Gives an Opinion on
the New Law.
Sam M. Wolfe, attorney general, issued
an opinion relative to the law of
the recent general assembly to restrict
the use of extracts and compounds
as beverages, which opinion
holds that the United States pure
food and drug act will be sunreme in
determining the sale of certain of
these compounds of bitters in South
Carolina, particularly as to alcoholic
content. Such procedure will necessarily
likely restrict the state's activities
in suppressing the sale of these
compounds.
Another point Mr. Wolfe makes is
that wholesalers or manufacturers
will not be required to take from dealers
certificates as to the intended use
of the goods so purchased.
Punishment for violation is by imprisonment
or fine for the first offense,
and by imprisonment only for
the second or subsequent offenses.
Section 3 of the act reads:
Sever* Penalties.
"Any person, firm or corporation
violating any of the provisions of this
act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor
and upon conviction thereof shall pay
a fine of not less than $100 nor more
than $500 or suffer imprisonment for
not less thai three months or more
than one year in the discretion of the
court for the first offense, and for any
subsequent offenses shall suffer imprisonment
for not less than one year
or more than two years in the discretion
of the court: And, provided furtUst*.
; oUftll Kn fKo /Intv r\f thn nhnr.
II1C1 , AC ouau UC uuvj vr*. VMV
niaceutical examiners to cancel the license
of any person reported to said
board and found guilty by them for a
period of two years: Provided further,
That any person, firm or corporation
convicted under this act shall
be prohibited from employing1 a licen ed
druggist for a period ?t Jwo
years."
Section 1 of the act of the 1919
general assembly known as the Hamblin-Hamilton-Hart
"Lemon Extract,"
"Bitters," etc. act, approved the 10th
day of March, 1919, renders unlawful
and against the health and morals of
the state for any person firm or corporation,
to sell or offer for sale, receive,
or have in possession, for unlawful,
purposes, or purchase, within
the state, any tonics, bitters, drugs,
medicines, toilet acticles or compounds,
containing alcohol, if the alcohol
contained in such compound or
preparations is in a greater quantity
than is necessary for the purpose of
extraction, solution or preservation of
such preparation.
This section does not specifically
name "extracts." The definition given
in I no o nnea oiaies rnai uiiu;u|iucm ui
an extract is, that it is a liquid preparation
from a drug in which the quantity
obtained is equal in volume to
an amount of distilled water of the
same weight as the amount of the
drug taken. It is a question, therefore,
whether or not the term "compound"
can be made to include extracts,
or whether or not the act as a
whole can be so construed.
Adds to Confusion.
"And the sale, receiving, purchasing
or haiing in possession of such
tonics, bitters, drugs, medicines, toilet
articles or compounds, which can
be used as a beverage, is prohibited,
unless it can be made to appear as
hereinafter provided, that the same
was for medicinal use."
One would seldom if ever, purchase
or have in possession a toilet article
or compound for "medicinal use," so
the concluding sentence but adds to
the confusion of what precedes it.
Section 2 of the act, requires the
scncr 10 mm iiuiu me iiuivuttsvi ...
each instance of any of the foregoing
prepapations, a certificate as follows:
"I have this day purchased from
, the following preparation
to be used only as a medicine, toilet
preparation or flavoring extract, and
will not myself use or allow any of
same to be used as a beverage."
This language is clear. I do not
construe the act to require this certificate
to be taken by manufacturers
from wholesalers or by wholesalers
from jobbers or retailers, but by retailers
from their customers.
Section 3 of the act fixes the penalty
for the violation of the law.
Section 4 repeals all acts or parts of
acts inconsistent therewith, and Section
5 renders the act effective immediat
dy upon its approval by the governor.
Compound Formulas Given.
As to the amount of alcohol permissible.
this must be determined from
the provisions of the act of congress
known as the pure food and drugs act
and the regulations of the department
pursuant thereto.
There is no provision made for confiscating
the stock of the offender; nor
for the disposition of the stock in
bulk sales. The law is capable of improvement
by amendment and this no
doubt will be accomplished at the
next session of the general assembly.
A copy of the present act will be
sent by the attorney general to any
one applying and furnishing a stamped
and self addressed envelope.
Right. "The man who gives in
when he is wrong." said the street orator.
"is a wise man: but he who gives
in when he is right is "
"Married!" said a meek voice in the
crowd. I
A FAMOUS AMERICAN DEBATE t
I
Oratorical Contest Between Lincoln I
and Douglas Recalled.
Christian Science Monitor.
The Lodge and Lowell debate on the ^
leauge of nations has awakened
throughout the United States a lively
interest in that famous forensic contest
of the fifties between Abraham
Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas, ?
known in the political history of a
I t he countrv as "The Battle of u
the Giants." Here and there an effort I
has been made to discover points of IP
similarity between the two. It might t
perhaps, be more instructive to look to fl
the points of contrast. v
The principals of the Lodge-Lowell b
debate were both men of national distinction.
Both were university men; n
both were accomplished scholars; both b
were known in the world of literature; F
both were recognized as constitution- t>
al authorities. From youth they had P
for an audience an intellectual and f;
cultured public. Their debate was held o
in the finest halls of the "Athens of i>
America," under the most favorable of b
auspices, in the most agreeable of en- d
vironments, with all the facilities of tl
highly organized publicity system at
their command. One of them occupied n
a fixed place in the nation as a states- if
man; the other a corresponding posl- a
tion as an educator. tl
Stephen A. Douglas was what the o
west, some years ago, was fond of I
calling a "self-made man." He was a h
"rougn diamond' rrom ine ironuer. i.
The nation had to come to know him fl
for the fluency and the boldness of his e
oratory, but nobody outside Illinois ii
knew anything about Abraham Lin- v
coin. He had never received a school- t<
ing. He had sprung from the "poor
white" class of Kentucky. He had 1<
been a boatman, and several other L
things before he literally broke his r
way into the law. When he met Doug- c
las "on circuit," it was a case of the tl
frock coat meeting the sack. The rep- tl
utation of Douglas preceded him into r
every county seat; the reputation of b
Lincoln lagged. There is in American
history hardly anything more pathetic fi
than the words from the "gawky former p
railsplitter in opening the famous de- p
bates. p
One point was, and is, universally p
conceded with reference to the Lodge- C
Lowell debate: the principals were tl
well matched, in point of social stand- s<
ing, in point of intellectual endow- fl
ment, in point of scholarship, in point
of general ability, In point of reputa- rr
tion. How was it with one of the d
principals in the Lincoln-Douglas de- b
bates? Says Clark Mills Carr, one a
familiar with every phase of the sit- si
uation at the time: ti
Outside of Illinois only a few people ei
knew Mr. Lincoln; comparatively few
had ever heard his name. People in
other states wondered that the Repub- a
llcans of Illinois should put him up to b<
debate with so great a man as Senator
Douglas, and marveled at Mr. .
DtuwHiT*H temerity irfTTsBuming midff w
an undertaking. They had read the h
debates in which Senator Douglas had tl
engaged for a quarter of a century f(
with the greatest orators and statesmen
of the senate, and they knew his
power and skill. b<
It has been said that the Lincoln gand
Douglas joint debates took place ^
on the Illinois prairies. That is hardly tl
an exaggeration. They were, of necessity,
held outdoors. No halls then t,
existent in Illinois could have accom- f
modated the crowds which the series a
of meetings attracted. No distance fl
seemed too great for the people to go.
At the Ottawa meeting a great part of
the crowd arrived on the night before
and camped under the azure sky of v
the corn belt. At the meeting the attendance
was estimated at 20,000. At
Charleston, Quincy, Alton, and, in fact,
a1 all the meeting places, the assembled
crowds were immense. In the
early stages of the debate, Judge Douglas
received practically all the honors. w
On the Illinois Central railroad he al- c
ways had a special car and sometimes a
a special train at his disposal. On his b
way to the meeting places he often a
swept by Lincoln, sidetracked on an 0
accommodation or freight train. Upon a
arrival in the towns where the de- a
bates were held, Douglas was always
met by a brass band and a salute of a
thirty-two guns,' representing the
number of states then in the Union, n
and was escorted to the hotel in the
finest equipage the community af- n
forded. Lincoln's supporters made a
capital out of this by affecting Repub- ''
lican simplicity, often carrying their
hero through the streets on a high 11
and unadorned hayrack. But as the v
debate proceeded, and Lincoln's speech- ^
es appeared in print and were read, g
conditions changed. At the Ottawa p
the enthusiasm of his supporters ran c
so high that they insisted upon carrying
him on their shoulders from the v
platform to the house where he was to n
he entertained, regardless of his ap- a
peal, "Don't boys; let me down, come s
now, don't!' P
Robert A. Hitt, a young man of the
time, afterward to make a distinguished
place for himself in congress was M
the reporter of Mr. Lincoln's speeches.
He has told how after sending to The p
Chicago Tribune a full tranccript of 1
his notes at the close of one of the a
meetings, he witnessed the making of
a waaer between two men, one of p
them asserting that no man could 8
write out the speeches in full as delivered,
and the other declaring that u
it had actually been done. In addi- P
tion to the speeches, the newspaper ll
just mentioned published letters from
Horace White descriptive and analytical
of the. debate as it proceeded. S
Mr. White was later editor of the Tri- a
bune, and later still editor of The v
New York Evening Post. Press fac- I
ilities were not, in the fifties, what
they are today, and in the Lincoln- e
Douglns debate several days, even s
several weeks, sometimes elapsed be- v
fore the sniches found their way to >>
the general public. But when they
were read, they were studied, and
they have been potential in shaping s
the destiny of the republic down to b
the present hour . ?
Throughout the progress of the de- j
bate both Lincoln and Douglas had at (
times to put up with inconvenience 7
and exposure. They were often long t
upon the road, and speaking to a
throngs in the open air, with the most a
favorable conditions, was often a diffi- k
cult task because of the prairie winds. j
But every engagement was kept, and
for many years it was regarded in II- d
linois by tens of thousands of citizens, *
as one of the greatest privileges of ^
heir lives to have heard "Honest Abe"
Jncoln "talk down" the great Judge
)ouglas.
FLIGHT ACROSS ATLANTIC.
lavy Department Now Completing
Arrangements for -Trial.
Naval seaplanes which are to at- I
em.pt a flight across the Atlantic
cean in May will start from Rock
way Deacn, l,ong lsiana, dui me octal
"jumping off" place will be much
arther up the coast, possibly at some
oint In New Foundland. Whether
he machine will steer a direct course
or Ireland or follow the longer route
la the Azores apparently has not
een determined .
Acting secretary Roosevelt has anounced
that the destroyer Barney
ad been ordered to proceed to New
'oundland to investigate the harbor
acllltles along the coast for the purose
of determining the best base
rom which the planes could put out
verseas and harbors in which landags
could be made in the event it
ecame necessary for them to descend 1
uring the voyage from Rockaway to
he flight base.
Lieutenant Commander J. L. Cauf- 1
lan will command the Barney, which
s one of the most modern destroyers,
nd Commander P. N. L. Bellinger, of
he transatlantic section of the office
f the direction of naval aviation, and
,ieut. E. F. Stone, of the coast guard,
ave been detailed to make the inves- {
Igation. Unless difficulties with ice 1
oes are encountered, the Barney is *
xpected to return to the United States
i about 10 days, *when the officers 1
rill submit their report to Washlng:>n.
1
In disclosing that the planes would
;ave the naval aviation station on
,ong island, Mr. Roosevelt said it was '
egarded as preferable to fly the ma- !
hines to the base to be selected for
he flight rather than to transport 1
hem by ship. The aircraft will be 1
efueled and given a final turning up '
efore they actually depart overseas.
Several machines are being prepared
or the flight and two or more very
robably make the start. Three
lanes of the Nc type have been comleted
and a fourth is nearlng somletion
at the Curtlss plant at Garden
!ity, New York. Extensive tests of
tie Nc-1 have been made and 51 pasengers
were carried on one of her
ights.
Whether it will be possible for the
lachines to carry sufficient fuel to ,
rive them across the ocean has not ]
een made known. They could refuel (
t the Azores without difficulty and <
ame officers believe it would be en- (
rely possible under favorable weath- f
r conditions for them to replenish ,
ieir gas supply in mid-Atlantic from ,
ship with which a rendezvous could .
e arranged before-hand.
Detailed plans of the flight are be-. ,
tg carefully safeguarded and' Jtherei t,
as been no intimation as to whether j
ie machines will keep together or j
>llow different routes. In view of .
ie announcement that destroyers will ,
e stationed along the route to safe- (
uard the crews In the event of acclent,
most officers believe, however {
ne flying craft will follow one course. ,
The navy department has not en- ,
jred for the $50,000 prize offered by (
he London Daily Mail to the first |
ircraft that completes a transatlantic (
ight. ,
PROFITS IN COTTON.
/hat Governor of Kansas Thinks of j
Southern Demand for Living Wage. |
The cotton growers of the south, in ]
ieir efforts to limit the acreage of i
otton to maintain high prices, are i
trading upon the misery of the <
r.orld," Governor Allen of Kansas, 1
harged from Topeka last Monday, in I
letter refusing an invitation of the <
outh Carolina Cotton association to
ttend a conference at which reports 1
f the campaign to reduce cotton acre- i
ge will be received. The tetter was I
ddressed to J. S- Wannamaker,-Co- 1
imbia. S. C.. chairman of the associ
tion.
Basing his conclusions upon governlent
crop reports, Governor Allen es,mated
cotton growers are making as
luch money with cotton at 35 cents
pound as Kansas farmers are makmg
from their wheat at $3.25 a bushel.
"Kansas farmers are doing everyhing
in their power to increase the
rheat yield so that every one may
ave bread, but it seems the cotton
rowers are trying at the same time to
revent the same people from having
lothes," he said.
"That any group of men, while the
,'orld is still grappling with the tremendous
problems arising from shortge
of staple commodities, should bein
a deliberate organization to retard
roduction, is unspeakable," he coninued.
"Tt wnnid hp Inst as baleful for the
/heat farmers of Kansas, the corn s
armers of Iowa, the hog raisers of IInois,
or the livestock producers of
'exas to deliberately combine to Crete
a shortage in foodstuffs that the
amine of the world would pay t.hem
oil, as for the cotton interests of the
outh to combine for that purpose."
"For these reasons and because I
tterly lack sympathy with the purose
of the meeting, I will not be ablo
o accept the Invitation," he concluded.
Some Facts About War Savings
itamps. War savings stamps to the
mount of approximately $1,015,000,000
/ere sold in the United States from
>ecember 1917 to January 1, 1919.
War savings certificates were adopt d
and first issued in England in the
pring of 1916. In the United States
/ar savings stamps were first issued
a December, 1917.
In Great Britain, nearly three hunIrcd
million certificates have been
old since 1916, to January, 1919,
'ringing in approximately $1,100,000,
UU. j
War savings stamps in forms simiar
to those of the United States and
Jroat Britain, exist iro Australia, New
lealand, Canada, India and Japan. <
War sa\ings stamps in the United ,
itates are issued in annual series,
.nd each series has a uniform date
nd maturity. The interest rate is i
;ept uniform by increasing the pur- ,
hase price one per cent each month,
icginning at $4.12.
British war savings stamps are I
laied when purchased and are due i
Ive years from that date. Certificates
.lways sell for the same price, 15s. 6d
$3.83). 1
AIRPLANE AND AIRSHIP 5
an
Both Will Soon Figure In Commer-thclal
Use
du
ONE FOR SPEED, OTHER FOR CARGO
mi
Up to the Present the British Have "L.
Made More Headway Than the G?r- P3
mans Reasonably Certain Now That
Trip Around the World Will Soon Be cla
Possible. ha.
From an interesting pamphlet is- of
BIIAH rnnonthr Kw tVta riritlah _ 45
meht, entitled, "Notes on Airships for th?
commercial " purposes," and dealing 1
wi^h both airships and airplanes, it n}s
wopld appear that the future uses of P'4
these aircraft will not conflict, owing an
to the different characteristics of each. P01
The airship is essentially a longdis- ^e!
Lance, weight-carrying craft, as com- *9]
pared with the short-distance, high- Ca
apeed aeroplane. It should be noted, we
however, that even in the matter of (
3peed, the airship of today, with the
speed of 77.6 miles per hour, is unquestionably
fast in comparison with land Sp
and sea methods of transport. Cm
The airship has the advantage of 1
the aeroplane in not being dependent W?
upon her speed to remain aloft, and u?
not having to come to earth in the Eff
event of the engines stopping. This is
a considerable advantage for commercial
journeys over the sea and over
broken and wooded country where
an aeroplane could not land, and (
where non-stop flights of 1,000 miles mc
j , j aei
and over are required.
When used for carrying passengers, a
0m
where safety, comfort, and reliability
are required, the airship is the most *
ope
suitable aircraft. An airship can al- ^
ways remain aloft while repairs are 1
Kdlny pfPor?fp/l nnrl aq ahp ran filwnvs
* inc
remain on an even keel, there is no
sih
larger in flying at night or in foggy
jr (cloudy weather. The fact that the 9a'
mvelope is filled with an Inflammable
GUI
jas need not cause any misgivings as
to safety, when one remembers the
fro
large number of motor vehicles which
tiaie been used during the war, car- 9tl"
rylijg bags filled with equally inflammable
coal gas at no greater distance a
eei
from the engine than in the case of an
lirship. a r
or
Only one Airship Lost. j
During the war, official statistics haj
ihow that only one airship has been fur
ost in the British Isles owing to gta
Jhing fire in the air, although 83,- abl
hours have been flown and 2,600,- gr?
miles covered. In the case re- fre
'erred to, the flight was an expert- wii
mental one with a new type of air- chj
ihlp, and the cause has since been as- nei
rertalned and eliminated. of
It is interesting to note that al- tio
;nougn airsnips are cunsiuereu iu ue
WiKweRthcr craft, up to the end of |
November there were only nine days
n 1918 when no airship flights took Mc
place in the British Isles, which are
lotorious for their bad weather con- '
litlons. sn(
For commercial purposes large rigid Sti
lirship stations could be established th?
it distances of 2,000-3,000 miles apart, Pr<
nainly for trans?-ocean traffic, while tio
he aeroplanes could be used for bring- l?r
ng the passengers and merchandise lov
:o the airship stations from the neigh- Hsl
soring countries. For example, a con;inental
airship service could be ou1
un between London and New York 1
ivhile passengers could be brought to Ws
Lisbon from London, Paris, Rome, etc., aV)
ay aeroplane. In this way the aero- wa
plane would compete with the train f>r<
md the airship with the steamship, 8tfl
while she would be able to go 50 per 1
sent faster. The airship could also Pi"*
pe used for linking up places In Cen- s"1
:ral Afriba, where the country is too wl1
lifficult for aeroplane and railways. ln8
In long voyages, the airship could co'
take advantage of favorable winds, ten
ind she would be able, owing to her sti
a- ? -i a. i_ .. tVir
K>ng endurance, -io avoid storms uy
lying: over them or round them. enl
The problem of housing airships dej
s an important one, but it ha* been I
found that the system of mooring out of
Urships has many advantages, as an crc
lirship can only be housed in favor- cei
ible weather, and the cost of sheds is fru
considerable. bui
For the purpose of short distance Inn
trips from, for example, South Coast 1
:owns, in England, it would not be the
lecessary to establish large stations nil]
it each town, but the following rule ir.g
ivhich has been employed during the bei
war might be adopted. This consists the
if building a station provided with SU
permanent sheds, quarters, etc., at tod
some convenient center and forming era
:emporary bases consisting merely of sui
i small portable shed and a few tents I
jr huts at other places, from each of rat
which one or more airships are run: wii
nain supplies being drawn from the km
parent station, where all large repairs mil
ire carried out. 187
Mooring Airships in Open. wa
in addition to the use of portable
sheds at sub-stations, experiments
lave been carried out in mooring out
lirships in the open, which have had _
such a large measure of success as to
promise well for the future.
An airship has been successfully ,
moored out for six weeks in a per,'ectly
open expanse to a specially de- QV(
signed mast. Only two or three men h
ire required to lool after the ship, mo
ind winds of up to 52 miles per hour gm
tiave been ridden out without any pr;
Jamage whatever resulting. There offl
3eems little doubt that with this sys- am
tern an airship could live out in the ^
apen for many months at a time. ho,
The use of a mooring mast will very 1
crreatly increase the regularity of any
airship service, as the chief difficulty Tn{
nrnoont rnnsists in taking airships by
|'? VMV..V _
in and out of shed?. If an airship is of
left permanently ready at a mooring ^
mast in the open it will he possible to ma
fly in any wind up to the speed of the pri
ship. ?f
In the same way improvements in su]
Hie fabric for non-rigid envelopes and iet
outer covers of rigid airships will re- det
suit in decrease in running coasts by
reducing the hydrogen consumption, pe
and generally lengthening the life of ser
a ship. 'y
With a large airship, owing to the ^
increase efficiency with size, it would in
be possible to sacrifice a certain tr>
amount of lightness in construction for
dr(
the sake of simplicity in design. With 0ft
urease in size, steel could be used
th advantage In place of duralumin,
d a great saving in cost effected '
sreby.
rhe development of rigid airships
s been even more rigid than that of
roplanes. In 1914, the average enrance
of a German rigid airship at
iising speed was under one day and
i minimum speed was about 60
les per hour. In 1918, the German
7fl plnno of 9 19R0nfl rnhlo fppt pa.
city, the endurance rose to 177.5
urs or 7.4 days, at a speed of 45
les an hour. The British R. 38
ss of 2,720,000 cubic feet capacity
s an estimated cruising' endurance
211 hours, or 8.8 days, at a speed of
miles an hour, 34 hours more than
s German L. 70 class,
it is a matter of some difficulty to
ike a fair and at the same-time sims
comparison between the airship
d the aeroplane as a means of transrt.
The D. H. 10 a was taken as the
nt all-round machine in August.
18, though the Handley-Page and
proni have greater endurance and
ight-carrying capacity.
Comparison of aeroplanes and alrIps
down to 1918:
Aeroplane Airship
LUgnst. 1918 D. H. 10a Germ'n L70
ed at 10,000 feet 126 m.p.h. 77.6 m.p. h
lining endurance 14 hours 177.6 .
'otal lift
ight loaded 4.02 tons 66.64 tons
lisposable lift
>ful load 1.45 tons 38.84 tons
iciency ratio 86.1 p. c. 68.3 p.c.
ling 19,000 ft. 21,000 ft.
icated H. P. 810 2100
Airships of the Future.
[t will be seen at the present time ?
5 largest airships have 10 times a
ire total lift than the corresponding a
oplane and 26 times more dispos- r
le lift It cannot be too strongly a
iphaslzed that many of the advan- t
res which aeroplanes appear to pos- 1
is at the present time are due to j
sir relatively small lift. t
f the endurance of an airship is a
ireased sufficiently it will be pos- t
le to carry out flights with the c
ne regularity as a steamship. t
kVhen rigid airships of 10,000,000 t
Die feet capacity and an endurance t
about three weeks at a speed of t
>m 40 to 50 miles an hour are con- c
ucted, they will have a disposable I
; of over 200 tons, which is avail- I
le for petrol, ballast, crew passen- i
-s, and freight, and they will have
naximum range of over 20,000 miles, a
nearly once round the world. i
n conclusion, it is not thought, as i
s already been stated, that the
ictions of the airships whose outindings
characteristics are resonly
high speed, very long endurance,
:at weight-carrying capacity for
ight, stores, passengers, will clash
th those of the aeroplane whose
iracteristics are high speed, handijs,
moderate lift, and independence
all but the worst weather condlns.
REMARKABLY MILD WINTER.
ire Sunshine and Less Snow Than
for Many Years.
There was more sunshine and less
)W throughout most of the United
ites during the winter just passed
in ever before in the memory of the
?sent generation. In only one secn
of the country the plateau regl was
the weather severe and there
r temperature records were estabfied.
Snow falling in November in
i plateau region remained throught
the winter.
Everywhere else, reports to the
ishington weather bureau just made
lilable show that the temperature
a HO Illgll llliti Biiuw oiajcu vm mv j
)und in only a few isolated in- j
.nces more than a day or two. <(
ieretofore low temperatures have ^
watled during winters with the re- t
t that crops, especially of winter c
leat and oats have suffered. Dur- c
r the past winter, however, the j
nbination of light snow and high r
nperatures have resulted in the (
irdy growth of grains. Generally r
j temperatures over virtually the t
tire country were from five to ten c
;rees above normal,
frequent warm rains and absence j
severe 'cold snaps" also helped t
>ps. Continued good weather re- c
ltly has been helpful, especially to ,
ilt-bearing plants and trees and a ^
mper crop is promised. Grazing ,
ids likewise have been benefited. r
rhe ice crop appears to have been j.
> only one to suffer because of the t
Idness of the winter. Lack of freez- t
; temperatures resulted In navigation j.
net nnen nractically all winter on
s rivers and lakes of the United e
ites. Weather bureau reports said j
lay there was bound to be a consid- F
iblo shortage of natural ice for con- a
ners during the coming summer.
Bureau statistics show that the
her general notion that the past ?
iter actually was the mildest ever ^
5wn, instead of merely one of the
Idest, is erroneous. The winter of
5-76 was considerably warmer, as
s the winter of 1877-78. The winter
1881-82 was about like that just ^
jt and in 1889-90 it was considery
warmer in the section east of the
ssissippi river. The winter of
i5'-06 fell slightly short of being as
Id as that of 1918-19. ,
m e
ixpeditionary Soldiers Write Many 1
Iters. Since the American troops a
?rseas have stopped fighting they v
re taken to letter writing and re- ^
mbering friends at home with
lvenirs from the battlefields of c
ince. This is Indicated by a postce
department announcement that a
ount of mail from the American i
leditionary force had increased more f
in 20 per cent since the cessation of
utilities. L
The volume of souvenirs sent back
Lhe United States by parced post may y
measured by the ton, the depart- e
;nt asserted. Curios sent mostly '
the soldiers are shell cases, parts t
rifles and revolvers,, bayonets, uni- c
m buttons and small fragments of
Tiolished airplanes. Captured Gern
helmets, however, are the most f
sed tokens. Five hundred thousand t
these have come through the mail n
ce the war began. ,
During November nearly 18,000,000
???? m-opo Hianntoherl from Bor- t
iux and many millions more from
est. Since then the mail shipments
ve been increasing steadily and in 1
bruary nearly 22,000,000 letters were s
it from Bordeaux alone. Frequent- f
twelve to fifteen letters a day have i
;n sent by a soldier and one private
ablished a record by writing thirty r
a single day. Mail from this coun- r
f to troops overseas is now being
ilvered without delay. The ad- t
;sses of soldiers are not changed as
en as before armistice. T
IGNORING THE MASTER.
League of Nations Must Not Usur
Supreme Authority.
It is not a religious organ, but on
)f those journals that might be sup
?osed to devote itself entirely to ma
erial Interests a "trade paper"vhich
calls attention to "a very ser
ous omission in the platform of th
eague of nations as cabled fror
r'aris." Nowhere in the platforn
lor, so rar as reported, in tne pro
:eedings that led up to its promulga
ion," says the American Lumberma
[Chicago), "is to be found any offl
:ial or public recognition of the fac
jeneratly accepted by civilized hu
nanity, of the existence of a Suprem
Being who rules the destinies of na
ions, nor any petition for , divln
ruidance in the most momentous cri
lis in the history of the world." Th
American Lumberman asks if this i
i "trifling omission," and if "it is mer
ilgotry to refer to it?" It venture
o affirm that Americans who ar
amiliar with their country's histor
vill not so regret it.
"The founders of this republic re
:orded in the Declaration of Inde
lendence their 'firm reliance upon th
irotection of Divine Providence
[ his sentiment was reiterated b
Lincoln in his immortal address e
Gettysburg as well as in other ad
Iresses and state papers, and has bee
eaffirmed by every president froi
Washington to Wilson. During th
iarkest period of the Civil war th
notto 'In God We Trust' was ordere
itamped upon our silver coinage, b
ict of congress. When, a few year
tgo, it was proposed to drop thl
notto from the coinage the suggestio
iroused such a tidal wave of protes
i+ wo a immorliotolv nhanrinnpf
There is no reason to believe tha
American sentiment has changed 1
his regard since then. Our nations
inthem likewise declares 'In God W
rust/ and the national hymn 'Amerl
:a' expresses the identical thought i
he verse beginning 'Our Fathers' Got
o thee, author of liberty . . / Ar
hese sentiments, woven into the ver
lber of the nation, mere pious platltu
les, or do they express the real heart
>eat of America? The America
lumberman is certain that the latte
s true.
" 'Man proposes, but God disposes
md unless the league of nations take
nto account not alone in words, bu
n spirit the fact of God, it is fore
loomed to failure, just as every pre
rious plan and scheme of men to in
mre permanent peace has broke
town under the pressure of nations
imbltion, hatred or avarice trait
hat have not yet been banished fror
he world. There must be somethin
nore potent than bayonets or battle
ihips, needful as both are under pres
rnt world conditions, as the ultimat
luthority. Back of the citizen is th
itate using the term in its broa
lense and back of tho state is, or wl
)e, the league of nations. Back of th
eague must be God, if it is to enduri
"Are these idle words on a subjec
>f little consequence? Listen to th
3olshevlk creed as recently stated b
me Wicks, head of the so-called So
riet in Portland, Ore. 'Your demo
jracy,' said he, 'is a lie; your libert
s a lie; your God is a lie.' One of th
)rincipal tenets of anarchy, Bolshe
'ism, and every other such cancerou
rrowth upon the body politic is an
ilways has been repudiation of an
esponsibility to a Supreme Being.
"The brotherhood of man, withou
ecognition and acceptance of th
fatherhood of God, is a dangerous de
usion. This is having abundant proc
n Russia to-day, where God has bee
officially abolished' by the Bolshevik
vho are exemplifying their ideas c
he brotherhood of man by gougin
>ut the eyes of helpless captives an
:ommitting every excess that fiend
ncarnate can devise. Disarmament I
10 guaranty of lasting peace. A
3eorge Bernard Shaw has well sai
ecently: 'If the will to fight con
inues, the means will always be forth
:oming.'
"More than any other nation, Amer
ca is sponser for the league of na
ions. It is born of the same spiri
?f high idealism that actuated th
American soldiers who died a
Chateau-Thierry and the Argonn<
America has earned the right to de
nand, and should demand, throug
ler representatives at Paris, that i
he final draft of the constitution c
he league the omission that has bee
lere discussed shall be supplied. If th
entiment "In God We Trust' is goo<
nough to stamp upon our coinage i
s good enough to appear, in suitabl
>hraseology, in that epitome of th
.spirations of humanity.
The tumult and the shouting dies,
The captains and the kinds depart
Jtill stands thine ancient sacrifice,
A humble and a contrite heart,
jord God of Hosts, be with us yet,
Lest we forget lest we forget!"
A CONGESTION OF GRAIN.
Northwest Has Enough to Feed th
World.
* * -.4 T
There is more grain in siore m uan
superior terminal elevators accordinj
o a Duluth, Minn., dispatch, thai
ver before in history, awaiting ship
nent to the east and to Europe. I
imounts to about 68,000,000 bushels
rheat alone, aside from a conslderabl
luantity of other grains. The ele
ators here have now 30,000,000 bush
Is of wheat on hand, and those of th
Canadian ports of Port Arthu
,nd Fort William about 38,000,00
ushels of wheat. Both places ar
nil, and can take practically no mor
intil relieved by lake shipments.
Nearly all that which is in stor
icre is the property of the Unitei
states Food Administration, whil
hat in the Canadian ports is largel:
iwned by European governments. Mos
>f all the great total is contracted fo
oreign delivery as fast as ships cai
ake it. That here has been soli
broad at prices wnicn net me r uui
Vdministration no loss on the guaran
eed price.
As soon as there is room at easter:
>orts for the receipt of grains, ani
is soon as ships can arrive to take I
orward, the movement out will begir
There iH little obstruction now to th
tavigation of the lakes from ice; an
navigation will doubtless open muc
sarlier than usual. It is now believe
hat ships will be taking grain for
vard early in April. This will glv
room for receipts from the country,
and an unusually large delivery la
P expected during the spring from
farms and country elevators. There
'e is a greater quantity than usual of
- wheat back in the Interior, pressing
to come east.
' Thrifty Yanks Make Interesting and
e Important Discovery.?Fishing shirts,
? vests, soldiers' Jerkins, legglns, com*
fort bags and other clothing from the
'* ocean's bottom has been the latest
" kind of work for the fisher folk at
n Vineyard Haven, Mass. But the gov
ernment has stepped in and spoiled all .i
the fun and all the profit as welL
When the steamship Port Hunter
e carrying $6,000,000 worth of clothing
~ to Uncle Sam's soldiers overseas, was
e wrecked off the cape it was found that
" 'salvaged clothing rotted two days afe
ter it had been taken from the salt
18 sea. But the thrifty and ingenious
e Yankees here found that by washing
8 the clothing in fresh water as soon as
"e It was brought ashore it was as good
y as new.
So the fishermen forgot their trawls
" and lines and each day a small fleet
~ would put to sea supplied with grap8
pllng hooks on the ends of long poles. ^
At night the fleet would sail home laden
y with all sorts of clothing. On the beach
lt with washtubs fllledw 1th fresh water
and soap were the thrifty housewives.
n N'ext morning almost every sort of a . }
n piece of clothing found on a soldier or
e in his kit was flapping from the
6 clothesline.
d Everything was going fine with the
y fisher people until a few days ago when
8 the government at Washington, which
8 had previously given up the work of
n salvage, suddenly came to the reaMzation
that washing with fresh water
prevented the clothing from rotting.
lt The war department promptly issued
n an order to the headquarters of the
J depaslment of the northwest in Bose
ton instructing an immediate lnveatigation
of the Port Hunter and the
n possibility and advisability of making
l* an attempt to salvage the cargo.
e Meanwhile, the army officers were ory
dered to stop "petty pilfering" of the
" ship's cargo.
n 1 * 1
r Say? Pershing is Military Despot
As soon as soldiers who have been
. overseas return to this country and
g are given their discharge they be- ,d
|t come frank aqd severe in their criticisms
of Gen. Pershing. They say he
is autocratic and inclined to be snobbish,
and that he has proven his incompetence
on more than one occasl1
ion. His conduct of his part of the
s war would have been disastrous if he
n had not been guided at every tim
g by the French and British genet &1
staffs, while, as is well known, his
'ordnance and commissary departments
broke down completely and had to be
e taken over by civilians. The Amerid
can commander-in-chief tried to run
his army on the German system, and
sought to enforce an iron-clad dis;
cipline which is useful only in criticism
to mistakes and utter in capacity.
' It is natural that there should be
y some dissatisfaction, for there were
many causes for it. But making due
"allowance for all this, it is quite eviy
dent that Gen. Pershing has been a
failure. American troops were successful
fighters but this was due to
3 their courage and resourcefulness
d when thrown on their own initiative,
y As some one has said, the American
private won the war in spite of his
t generals.
But there will be a thorough invest!
gatlon or tne conduct or me war, ana
if then we will ascertain the truth. The
n investigation should be welcomed rathj
er than discouraged. The American
people have abundant cause for pride,
g and it will be helpful to know just
d what mistakes were made and who
B was responsible for them Anderson
8 Daily Mail.
3 1 1
d The Kansas Wheat Crop. Spring,
says a Topeka, Kansas, dispatch,
l- opens in Kansas with the earth soaked
and the 10,000,000 acres of wheat
- gTeen. Never before In the state's history
on March 20 has the soil been'
It so saturated with moisture. Difference
e between this winter and last Is strikit
ing. A year ago there had been very
?. little snow and no rain to speak of
i- and spring came with the wheat fields
h dry. Snow and rains have fallen inn
cessantly all this winter, and to cap it
>f all the state has Just been deluged with
n a rain that in more than half of Its
e area averaged nearly five inches,
d Growers and grain men say there
it is ample moisture in the earth now
e to "make" a bumper yield. Many say
e the goal of 200,000,000 bushels set by
the growers will be realized, and several
elevator men who have just vls>
ited the big wheat belt of central and
? n Kollova tViA ntatp's
WCSlUriJ l\aiiocus i/vmv*v
yield will go above that figure.
Thousands of head of cattle have
been pastured on the rank wheat during
the winter and will go to market
as fat and sleek as if fed upon corn
e and other grain.
e The Prize Letter. The censor gets
g gray hairs early wading through a lot
i of wild letters, but the following taken
- from an American Doughboy at an
t English port has gained him the rei,
putation as the "prize liar" of the
e war:
"Dear mother and the folks We
- hadn't no more than got out of sight
e of New York than you could see subr
marines bobbing up all around us.
0 The periscopes were as thick as cate
tails in a swamp. I counted /5, and
e then the ships began to fire.
"The gunner near me fainted. Shelle
shock, I guess. I sprang to the gun
d and began shooting. The shot I flred
e hit a submarine square on top at the
y back, and tore out its whole backbone,
t just like tearing out a whale's backr
bone. There was blood all over the
n water and some oil.
d "I kept on shooting. I sank 12 of
d the submarines myself. The battle
- lasted a good while, and I heard 60
of the submarines had been destroyn
?'d. None of us was killed. The su!
d marines what was left, finally left us.
it We haven't seen any more of them.
1 Give this to the papers. Love to all
e the folks from your soldierboy. G.
d , 9 ,
h He Can Have It. "What If we loses
d this blinkin' war after all. Bill?"
"Well, all I can say Is them what
e finds it is quite welcome to keep it"
- .