Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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YORKVILLE ENQUIRED ISSUED SEHI-WEESLT. i TERMS ^2.50 A YEAR IN ADVANCE l. m. grist's sons. Publishers. { & dfamilg gteiosjapei;: |[or the Jromotion of the political, facial, ^grieuttural and Commercial Interests of the jSeopty. { SINOle copt. mi <wm. ESTABLISHED 1855 YORK, 8. C. FBIDAYi MAROH 7. 1919. !Sr0^i9 SIXTY-FIFTH CONGRESS OEAI Last Hours Characterized by Duusua Contusion MUCH IMPORTANT WORK DNFINISHZI Many of the Money Bills Fail Bittei Controversy Between the Senate anc the President Republicans Sough* Without Success to Force Extra Ses sion. Washington, March 4. A bitter con troversy between President Wilson anc tho senate over the leaguo of nations and a filibuster by a few Republicar senators seeking to force an immediate extra session, marked the passing at noon today of the sixty-fifth congress Called in April, 1817, to throw America's weight into the confiict overseas, the congress held three momentous and historic sessions. Partisanship lay dormant during the war, but it broke forth in the last session to culminate in a final filibuster, which successfully blocked passage oi over half of the 14 regular appropriation bills, including the $7&Q,0Q0,00(I railroad administration revolving fund and the huge, army, navy and merchant marine budgets. Although unsuccessful in their efforts to record the senate in favor ol an amendment of the constitution ol the league of nations as now drawn, the Republican senators left In the record a resolution approved by 39 of them opposing acceptance of the charter in its present form. Republican Leader Lodge and other spokesmen said this was notice to the preslon/1 Via r>an/-a pnnferMlffi that the necessary two-thirds majority in the new senate for ratification of the present plan would not be obtained. Democratic leaders privately expressed belief amendments would be made soon after the president reached Faris. Wilson's Plans Unchanged. President Wilson spent an hour al the capitol before adjournment. Latei he formally announced, despite the death in the filibuster of the railroac and other bills, he would adhere tc his refusal to call the new congress before his return from France, anc criticised "a group of men" for theii obstruction. As a result of the filibuster, which held the senate in continuous session for 26 hours, the president had little to do at the capitol except sign the $1,000,000,000 wheat guarantee bill and exchange leave taking! with friends. Because of the president's decisloc on the extra session, members whe crowded out-going trains tonight felt assured congress would not again assemble much before June 1. Leaders predicted then it would remain in - continuous- session- until the 1920 po litical conventions. During the reces: business will be virtually suspended except for resumption tomorrow of th< Overman committee's propaganda investigation and the meeting of the Republican house committee on committees. With the ending of congress scores of statements on the results of legislation and the league of nations were issued by members, with Democrats and Republicans disputing responsibility for failure of important measures Jtfost Republican members urged the calling of an early extra session. Agitation to Continue. Despite the death of congress, controversy over the league of nations constitution promises to be agitatec continually by advocates and opponents. Prominent Democratic and Repub* ?? AIwao/^V V*ovo onoppV IlCau cuugrosiucu u... making itineraries planned, with Senator Borah, of Idaho, Republican, anc Reed of Missouri, and Thomas of Colorado, Democrats, to speak soon a' New York, Boston and other cities ir < criticism of the league constitution Republican Deader Lodge does no' plan to engage in the speechmaking. Chief interest at the finish centeret in the senate filibuster and the leagu< of nations controversy. The filibustej continued from 10 o'clock yesterday until 11.30 o'clock today, with Senator Sherman of Illinois; LaFollette of Wisconsin and France of Maryland, occu pying most of the time of the lonj session. It even prevented the custom ary exchanges of courtesy at the fin Ish. In the house, however, tlie usua riotous scenes marked the close of th< session. The clock was stopped a fev minutes for final felicitations and to I an hour after adjournment hous< members exchanged good-byes witl music, songs, and impromptu speech es. Effort Mado in House. During the final hour in the hous< ~ - * >? *A nocc ft hill PS f an enuri nas uwue ? ?-? _ tabllshing an Insurance reserve fun* in the war risk insurance bureau, an< permitting designation of persons oth er than immediate relatives of a poli cy-holder as a beneficiary- The bll had passed the senate, but Representa tive Parker of N'ew Jersey, and Ford ney of Michigan, opposing it, talke* until near adjournment and Represen tative Rayburn of Texas, withdrew 1 from further consideration. Merry-making continued for ai hour and a half after the formal ad Journment. After patriotic and pop ular songs had been sung by member and the spectators in the galleries, i was held between the Repub lican and Democratic members to se which aide of the house could sin. best "Keep the Home Fires Burning. The Democrats sang the first vers of the song and were vigorously ap CT plauded. Led by Miss Jeannette Ran kin, the Republicans sang the seconi verse so well that it was called a draw Irish Members Celebrate. To celebrate the passage by th house of the resolution which faile In the senate requesting the America; delegates at the peace conference t urge for the Independence of Ireland Irish mmbers of the house demande "the wearing of the green." Repre sentative Galllvan of Massachusetti and Representative Donovan of Nei . Jersey, sang verses and were repeated * ly encored. Miss Leiverlng Jones of Philadel phia, was called from the gallery t the speaker's stand to sing several so los. Members of the press caller were called upon to sing, "It's a Lon I Way to Tipperary," and Albert J. Stofer, daan of the correspondent*, sang "The Watermalon Rind." Features of Sixty-fifth Congress. Special features of the Sixty-fifth congress were many addresses by President Wilson, including those recommending war with Germany and AusJ tria, that of January 8, 1917, enunciating his famous 14 principles of peace, and those endorsing woman suffrage, r announcing the armistice terms lm1 posed upon Germany last November. 11 There were three sessions ui i _ 'congress. The first, extra session, met' I April 2, 1917, following shortly after the turbulent and successful senate fll' ibuster on the administration armed I ship bill which marked the close of the Sixty-fourth congress. The dra1 matic nigh, address of President Wil- 1 i son to urge war with Germany, which ' ' was promptly declared, marked the ' opening of the extra session called, but r a few weeks after the p-esident's inau- ' ^ guratlon for a second term. The ses' sion closed October 6, 1917, lasting ' lb8 days. The second session lasting ? ' 354 days and the longest in the his- i 1 tory of the American government be' gan December 3, 1917, and adjourned < ' November 21, last. The third and final i session which ended today began De- i 1 cember 2 last and was the statutory ^ ' short session of 93 days. Substantial Democratic majorities in j both senate and house 3ince President , ' Wilson's inauguration six years ago. now have passed- In the new congress, i the senate will have 49 Republicans , ' and 47 Democrats, and the house 238 . 1 Republicans and 193 Democrats, one { 1 socialist, two independents and one 1 prohibitionist. ] Many Veterans Retire. Many veterans in both houses re- ' tired with today's adjournments. In | ' the senate these included Senators j ' Saulsbury or Delaware, president yru , ' tempore; Lewis of Illinois, Democratic i whip; Shaforth.of Colorado; Thomp- j son of Kansas, Hardwlck of Georgia, ( 1 Hollis of New Hampshire, and Varda- , man of Mississippi; Goff of West Vir- . ginia, Smith of Michigan and Weeks of j : Massachusetts. Among prominent rep. resentatives whose services ended were , , Miss Jeannette Rankin of Montana, , 1 the first woman elected to the house; , , Meyer London of New York, socialist; > j Swager Sherley of Kentucky, chair- ] [ man of the appropriation committee; , Hayes of California; Keating, Colora- , do; Powers, Kentucky; Foster, Illinois; ] . Cox, Bernhardt and Dixon of Indiana; , Miller, Minnesota; Borland, Missouri; ( I Parker, New Mersey; Gordon, Ohio: , Farr, Pennsylvania; O'Shaunnessy, , i Rhode Island; Slayden, Gregg and ] Dies, Texas; and Coper and Stafford , i of Wisconsin. > New members of the next congress : include Senators-elect Harrison, Mis- j . sissippi; Harris, Georgia; Stanley, Ken- , , tucky; Capper, Kansas; Edge, New ] i Jersey; Elkins, West Virginia; McCor- ( . miclrr- IlUnoisr Michigan) , 5 and Walsh, Massachusetts. ( , Partisan politics, although it caused , > the mandate for change from Demo- , cratic to Republican control of con> gress, was largely burled during the . war period, war measures being hastlly rushed through with big bi-partisan 5 majorities. Many acute controversies, ( . however, marked the congress. Among A? _ ' ; them were the 1917-1318 question uu i war efficiency, developed from an in. vestigation of the senate military com. mittee and reaching a climax in the . > dispute between President Wilson and Senator Chamberlain of Oregon, chairman of the committee. Others in. volved the league of nations, the Over3 man bill conferring unlimited authori1 ty on the president to reorganize gov. ernment departments, government control of railroads and the food control . act. i Important Measure* Passed. During the first session of the conI gress, devoted largely to prosecution of . the war, among the important meast ures passed were: i The war declaration against Germa. ny, signed April 6, 1917; the selective t draft act; the law for seizure of interned German ships; the war risk lni surance bureau act; the first war revi enue bill; the food and fuel control r law; the daylight saving measure; the 1 initial and record-breaking aviation 3 appropriation of $640,000,000; the . trading with the enemy act; and meas ures providing for soldiers and sailors ; insurance and protection of their civil - rights at home. Outstanding measures of the second, 1 long session, were: g The American war declaration; the v national prohibition resolution; the r Webb export trade act; the alien prope erty custodian bill; the laws for govi ernment control of railroads, tele graphs, telephones, cables and radio utilities; the second draft law and the Overman reorganization bill. ' 11 1 ~ * "?oolnn f*r?mnletion g JL>unng uic itui of the $6,000,000,000 revenue bill was j the chief accomplishment in addition j to completion of the wheat guarantees bill, authorization of short term notes and the huge annual appropriation ! bills. AMERICANS APPROVE LEAGUE. President Wilson Says He Will so Ret port In Paris. ' President Wilson told the American a people in an address in New York last - Tuesday night on the eve of his re turn to Paris that he was going back s to the peace conference to battle with a renewed vigor for creation of a league - of nations. e "The first thing I am going to tell g the people of the other side of the wa" tcr is that an overwhelming majority e of the American people is in favor of - the league of nations," said the pres ident. d Speaking after former President r. Taft has expounded the main features of the proposed covenant of nations, e Mr. Wilson told the vast audience, d which filled the Metropolitan Opera n house, his opinions of oponents of the o league plan in America. I, "No party has the right to approd priate this issue and no party will in - the long run dare oppose it," he asi, sorted. v Asserting that the league of nations - is "meant as notice to all outlaw nations that the great peoples of the - world will no longer tolerate internao tional crimes," the president said that - Europe is a "bit sick at heart at this y very moment, because it sees that g statesmen have had no vision and that the only vision has been the vision ol the people." And I am amazed not alarmed but amazed, that there should be In some quarters such a comprehensive ignorance of the state of the world," continued Mr. Wilson. "Those gentlemen do not know what the mind of men is just now. Everybody else does. "I do not know where they have been closeted. I do not know by what influence they have been blinded; but 1 do know that they have been separat ed from the general currents 01 xne thought of mankind. And I want to utter this solemn warning, not in the way of a threat; the forces of the world do not threaten, they operate. The gTeat tides of the world do not grive notice that they are going to rise and run; they rise in their majesty and overwhelming might and those who stand in the way are overwhelm5d. World's Heart Awake. "Now the heart of the world is lwake and the hearts of tho world nust be satisfied." "America's soldiers," he said, "went >ver seas feeling they were sacredly sound to tho realization of those ideas which their president had enunciatea war." "There is another thing," tho presdmt said, "which critics of the league lad not observed. "They not only have not observed he temper of the world but they have lot even observed the temper of those splendid boys in khaki that they sent tcross the seas," he asserted. "And do you suppose," continued the president, "that having felt that crusading spirit of these youngsters, who went over there not to glorify America but to serve their fellow men, I am ?oing to permit myself for one moment to slacken in my effort to be worthy of them and of their cause? [ do not mean to come back until, 'its over over there.' And it must not be over until the nations of the world ire assured of the permanancy of peace." "Opponents of the league in this country do not comprehend the temper ind desire of European statesmen," said the president, who added that "there is not^one of them with whom [ have come in contact who' does not feel that he can not in conscience return to his people from Paris unless tie has done his utmost to do something more than attach his name to a treaty cf peace." Asserting that "the structure of peace will not be vital without the league of nations," the president continued: . Puzzled by Criticism. "I must say that 1 have been puzzled t>y some of the criticisms I can riot imagine how these gentlemen can live and not live in the atmosphere of the world * * I particularly can nbt imagine Viow (ney*"c&n Tee Americans and set up a doctrine of careful selfishness, though out to the last detail. "I have heard no counsel of gene rosity in their criticisms. I have heard no constructive suggestions." Of George Washington's warning of entangling alliances President Wilson said: "The thing that he longed for was just what we are now about to supply?an arrangement which will disentangle all the alliances in the world." The president said criticisms of the league "do not make any Impression on me" because "the sentiment of the country is proof against such narrowness and such selfishness as that." In closing the president said America could look forward with confidence to the future for he had heard cheering news since he came to this side of the water about the progress that is being made in Paris. POLLOCK AND WOMAN SUFFRAGE Story of Situation as Accepted in the North. [Here is a funny story that is being printed for what it is worth. It is from the New York World. There are things about the story that people of South Carolina, will not clearly understand and there are other things that they will understand- One of the jokes is found in the statement that "In his own district in South Carolina, Senator Pollock carries great influence as the man who was willing to make a campaign against Cole Blease and won a victory." There are very few people in this state who consider that Mr. Pollock ever won a victory over Cole Blease. The utmost that can be claimed for him is that he and Jennings double-teamed against Blease to keep Blease from beating Smith for the senate. Neither of them ever had any idea of going to the senate and the people never had any idea of sending them there. Mr. Pollock's election to the unexpired term of Senator Tillman, an everybody knows, was much more of a reproof of Governor Manning for giving this high office away on a basis of personal favoritism, than it was as a compliment to Mr. Pollock. Mr. Pollock will not go to the senate again. The people he was representing in his fight against Blease will not support him, and neither, of course, will the people against whom he arrayed himself in that fight. The fact that he voted for the woman suffrage amendment is not going to hurt him in the slightest. People who would not have supported him anyway are using that as a pretext-for opposition; but more as a means of justifying themselves for ingratitude-on account of supposed service than because of real concern about woman's suffrage. But with it all, this story from the New York World is possessed of a certain amount of interest]. Nothing more remarkable has happened in the light for and against the adoption of the Federal suffrage amendment in the United States senate, which, supposedly closed by the defeat of Feb. 10, is now threatened by a rcintroduction through efforts of the Alice Paul militants, than the political play of the anti-suffragists, which would have succeeded at least in precipitating a miniature scanaai dui iui une u>t-iwhelmlng influence. That influence if the unqualified admiration and regard by the woman of the south for the president of the United States. One of the main objections and most ofter reiterated, at the anti-suffragists tc the enfranchisement of the sex has been that women must be brought intc contact with the muck of politics but the card played by the antis at the behest of Mrs. James W. Wadsworth jr. national president, Just before the vote in the senate, was one of the most carefully calculated bids for political supremacy that has been advanced b> either side. Mrs. Wadsworth and hex i lieutenants were confident that the one vote necessary to the suffragists was . still lacking:. Their canvass of the s senators showed their supporters firm in their stand, even to the much disputed Borah, who disregarded the mandate of his home legislature to maintain his opposition. But the desire to make assurance doubly sure, to deprive the suffragists of a vote regarded as a special victory since It emanated from the south, as well as the wish to make a legislature feel the weight of their political resentment, urged them to bold attempt to force the hand of their adversary. Senator Pollock for Suffrage. Senator Willllam P. Pollock of South Carolina had broken the traditions of the solid south, had turned a deaf ear to the "black belt menace" and comes out for votes for women. Mrs. Wadsworth determined to "reconstruct" Senator Pollock, who had admitted to anti-suffragists that he knew the women of South Carolina did not desire the vote; that if the amendment were put up to the southern states for ratification he felt sure it would be defeated, and that he fully comprehended the racial problem involved. But, he protested, he considered woman suffrage in the line of human progress and meant to vote for it. In his own district in South Carolina Senator Pollock carries great influence as the man who was willing to make a campaign against Cole Blease, and won a victory. Pollock was elected to the senate for a short term just long enough to effect a southern revolution for the suflfs. The fact that some of the women of his family are leaders in the votesfor-women movement in South Carolina was taken by the antis as no excuse for his attitude, though Senator w auBwunu B eapuuaui ui tuc aun oiuc, championed by his wife, has never varied through the thunders of a state which has emancipated its women. Mrs. Wadsworth selected as emissary a member of the women voters' and anti-suffrage party of New York state, the political machine of those opposed, which is now in acknowledged command of the movement, and sent her to the principal cities of South Carolina to secure signatures to a petition to Senator Pollock from the most prominent women in his state to heed their protest against his vote for the suffrage amendment While the wealthy and influential men of old Carolina stock ln'Charleston,' Columbia and other cities were horrified at the suggestion that the representative of their state should thus signify their tacit consent to the looming menace of the vote in a community where all colored women, who, greatly outnumber the white ones, were eager to secure the right of the franchise. The form of the petition framed by Mrs. Wadsworth proved a beomerasg: *-It -notified Senator P61lock that the connection of his name with a rumored appointment by the president to a post which carried an annual salary of $10,000 for five years was regarded in some quarters as the plausible result of upholding the president's policies. Southern blood was at once fired by this apparent discourtesy to president Wilson, the "great leader," and the Charleston antis at once refused to affix their names. It was only when the petition was robbed of all such political significance and narrowed down to an appeal that the vote against the amendment "for the protection of the women and children" of the south that the southern antis consented to sign. Senator Pollock's speech advocating "votes for women" during the debate was regarded as a triumph by the suffs, the antis admitting that after Vie vote won taken one enthusiastic young suffragette rushed up to Senator Jones, chairman of the suffrage committee, and thanked him effusively for "breaking the solid south and leting in the Republicans." QUICK ACTION IMPERATIVE. German Government May Fall Before Peace Terms Are Ready. i Necessity for a prompt peace settlement was emphasized last Monday by Mr. Winston Churchill, minister of war, in submitting army estimates to the British house of common. The in formation that he has Indicates that the German people are suffering, and that there is danger of the collapse of 1 the entire structure of the German social and national life under the pressure of food shortage. Mr. Churchill pointed out that a delay in the peace settlement would inevitably be to run the risk of having ! nobody to settle with, and having a great area of the world sunk under | the domination of Bolshevist anarchy. Mr- Churchill also said that he couia not definitely forecast the rate of de1 mobilization nor fix the size of the British army of occupation while Great Britain is halfway between peace and war. ( The speaker said the government i does not know whether Germany will accept the Allied power's terms or re| sist them actively, or accept them and [ try to evade them. i At the present time, he said, men in ; the old army are being demobilized at : the rate of 25,000 a day and for the new army men are enlisting at the rate of 1,000 a day. Regarding the amount to be exacted i from Germany, the house of commons was told that the largest sum that she , could possibly pay would be exacted. Thpro would be substantial contrlbu . tions for the upkeep of armies qn the ; Rhine, but he could not state what the I amount would be at present, as it was [ a subject for discussion among the Allies. Mr. Churchill concluded by speaki ing of the necessity of safeguarding I civilization against Bolshevist anarchy, . and likened Europe to a liner sinking > gradually in icy waters after comparti ment after compartment filled, threat? ening the whole of the great vessel. i . ? . > No Cause for Haste.?An Arkan: sawyer was overtaken by a motorist and offered a ride. The speed at which , they thereafter progressed agitated > him somewhat. : "There's no pertickler need for any I such devilish hurry, podner!" he prer sently said, "I hain't running away from nobody." -J HOW THE 80UTH HA8 FARED. i Congressman Stevenson Points Out a Government's Bad Faith. j One of the important bills which has a been under discussion for several days t was that enabling the president to carry out the price guarantee made to producers of wheat, and protect the ^ United States against undue enhance- ^ ment-pf its liabilities. The people of the pfth district will read with Interest %ie following remarks made on this subject by Congressman Stevenson of Sjouth Carolina: c "1^ am somewhat In sympathy v ... ^ the i purpose of the gentlemen from Pennsylvania (Mr. Moore) In so far as d protection to the consumer is concerned. K- had. an Idea that he was to be ? protfcted under the licensing or superviahrg system provided In the bill; Vvnf <nrnm nllr 4naf o m Innto O liAiit uuc m yt anl iw uun juoi. u. mtuuvv uuuuv soro# of those who have not had any ? protection, and I am a little curious to ^ knoMCwhy they did not put some provislopMn the bill for the protection of ^ some more of the farmers. "The statement has been made broadg cast, and a great deal has been made ^ out of lti that nobody's price was fixed except ttfe wheat man's price. The 1 misstatement amounts to this, that ^ nobofcjfrs price was fixed and guaran- j teed except the wheat man's; and I want %o say to you that there Is a large ^ class, of farmers the price of whose good* has been fixed but was not guaranteed, and they are tied up tight t today and have lost over $10,000,000. Take the matter of the cotton seed of the farmer of the south about 5,000,000 tops. It was selling at $83 a ton. They ' came along and said that they must fix the price of tlutt to prevent exorbitant charges^apd they reduced c the price to making a de- ^ ductlon at from the market ^ price of $70,004040. They fixed It at that and let litun along for a while, t until some of jMbmlddlemen and some of the fa%aer^^H considerable stocks and seed on h^po-which they had obtained at the 3tC? fixed by the governmont, and theft they reduced It another'dollar a ton. They di<> not guar antee that anybody could sell it at h that That took $5,000,000 more. Then they took the lintera and reduced the o price 3 cents a pound the* linters that were to be taken by the government J* for t^a manufacture of explosives. By that flB&uctlon they caused the farm- n ers oft the south a loss of $21,000,000. ' but tifty^made no guaranty about tak- " ing cots- gf th$ loss that we sustained there. fiTbejf West ahead then, and, as soon MF.ibe armisticd^if signed they a canceflgtt linters ^ farmeStcan get only"?Qjg|j&-gtt)und g for thfi now; That e&tT ar aiiother nlggar&r .'$ieL000,000 aa a* J price t$rfng without a guaranty at- ^ tachedjLrfflCba^ makes '$112,OOtt.OOO"that ? t^ey jg^for- os, but \hey cild not A guarantee us against Toss". 1 sympathize with the gentleman over there c who wants to be guaranteed against loss on the floor that are going to buy from those fellows who had a ' guaranty out west. You must remem- * bcr that cotton seed, after It Is crushed and put Into the mill, is sold back to the farmer for fertilizer; and they 8 said, 'If you take that seed home and keep It there over 60 days you will be n guilty of hoarding," and they Indicated a some people In my county for hoard- " ing cotton seed, so we had to let It go until the mills were blocked, and they have not bought a pound of seed since the 1st of December; and where are 81 we? "They Immediately raised the price ^ of the cottonseed meai. navinjf reduced he price of the cotton seed >14 a ton, they raised the price of the a meal $7 a ton, and thereby they hit the 0 farmers of the south for >15,760,000 ^ more than the price of the cottonseed meal, but did not get any guaranty, or relief, or protection either out of the consumer or out of the producer. That is one item I have been sometime desirous of letting somebody find out that price fixing was not confined to a the wheat producers of the west alone; n that the price fixing and the guaranty was confined to them, and that they 11 are the fellows who are on top. Now, ^ I think It is a good time to put in 0 something here to protect the con- n sumer, because we have all got to buy * wheat, especially the southern farmer, who has been hit >127,000,000 by price fixing without a guaranty. "Mr. Baer Under what admlnistratlon was that 81 "Ayres Out of my state all last fall 6 they claimed that the south was In the e: saddle and fixed the price of wheat and they did not fix the price of cot- ei ton. "Mr. Stevenson Yes; and they elected a Republican house on that plea, n and now are going to get $1,000,000,000 8' as a result of the action about which v they howled, while the southern farmer n gets It In the neck. I am standing to the government fixing the price of 11 wheat and carrying out her contract. I had a letter from a member of a bond n house in New York last week In w* Ich a he said: "Do you know 20 per cent of the next sale of Liberty bonds Is going to 0 be used to pay a bonus to the western Cl farmer on wheat?" w " 'I do not know It: but who Is go- 41 ing to buy United States bonds If the 0 United States begins to repudiate her a contracts with the farmers?' " , m , rr GERMAN ECONOMIC UNREST. ? Confusion and Doubt Reign Through- e out the Whole Country. p If the violent strikes which have tl broken out in a suspicious semi-circle Ci around Weimar, writes a Berlin correspondent of the New York World, are ^ for the purpose of breaking up the na- f< tlonal assembly and overthrowing the i? government, it means the fear of reaction has caused the proletariat to take tl action they were not naturally Inclined p to take. a I have Just completed a trip through 0 the Westphnlian industrial district, where I found the masses not anxious p to establish the so-canea aicuuursmy a of the proletariat. But neither are e they enthusiastic In their support of the present government. They are In- s different to purely political matters- c They are inclined to dismiss political ti matters with a sigh of relief with the dethronement of the kaiser, and turn ii their attention solely to the problems p of work and food, In which they are p deadly Interested. n flf The Spartacus leaders are trying to nake the masses conceive their needs ia to the political problem, and to >lace themselves In political position us a solution, In which it is possible |[ hey may succeed. Laborers Scorn Pre-War Life. In the Essen mining and Industrial llstrlct the miners have an uneasy AI Iread of the coming of government roops, which Is regarded^* a step oward resurrecting the oa^uilltary norhln# nnrt HHxHnc thorn hnolr to war onditlons of work. Of course the ipartacans used this for all It was rorth. Then came the murder of Prenler Kurt Eisner of Bavaria, which irove the miners into a frenzy of an- w ;er and fear, regarding; It as conflrma- w ion of their suspicion. The one thing 8* hat Westphallan laborers are unanim- al us upon Is their determination not to & o back to conditions obtaining before he war. They say that they will not ^ ie "exploited" again. B They vaguely conceive that socialcation may help them, and they are nclined to trust any one calling him- k' elf a socialist The majority socialist si: eaders are trying to preserve private th iroperty for the present promising to th ociallze industry later. N'obody dares th alk to the industrial population except fs n terms of socialism. The property ul wners are keeping out of slgljt, let- se ing the majority socialists handle the th aatter for them. is A neculiaritv of the industrial dis- n< rict Is that the workmen regard their fli mployers and the capitalists as re- ai ponsible for the war. I carefully I earched for evidence of any rebellion w mong miners during the war. pi Miners Charge They Were Misled. hi "No," was the typical answer of the bi oal digger, "we believed Germany at- ai acked on all sides, and we could not 8* lelp fighting. I guess ic was the news- w iapers that fooled us. They always w old us lies." "Vorwaerts told us to fight," com- ai nented another miner. ai "What do you think of the kaiser ai iow?" I asked. B The miner grinned and answered: P< Tou Americans go ahead and hang w tlm if you want to." ?c A slight smile played over the faces n< f the surrounding group of coal digers. They were not much Interested, al "hey regard the kaiser as a poor joke, in ot a fallen hero to be mourned In si- b< snce, as he is regarded by some ele- le lents that I have met in Berlin and in w Velmar. y< "But didn't the kaiser get you into so 11 your tvoubles?" I asked. cc "Yes," said one. "It was the capl- w ilists," said another, and they all be- vc an to talk .about the coal mines aAd th be lack otbcfeotk. , On ? hears bacon I or mentioned much, oftftisr thfarthekal- er t i . ~ ' 11 . r 1 ?* " " 1 , , M* -a shofc Mtoolit ^Infr. asked^ 'Hi al .merle*-going.to ?nd*'that ftr*S#W m ondensed milk to Germany?" w; Food Will Avert Revolution. co A Spartacus member told me: "The w; jss food, the more revolution. Do not to end any." Another said dejectedly: at If you send food it merely goes to en roske's White Guard to help them tr; uppress the revolution." If the 'government has some wise sa ion at Weimar it has some wise ones te t work in Westphalia. The trades la; nions are used as the chief weapon V< 3 prevent strikes. They use the so- th lallsts particularly, and I am tempted o\ } make the extreme statement that m ley even use the Spartacus party In ga ome Instances to prevent a revolution- bi I must say in American slang, it is at tie slickest thing I ever saw. Un- wi oubtedly without the socialist parties fe nd the trades unions the propertied yc lasses would already have been exproriated. th . m 01 USES OF MONEY. w< ni nportant Lessons That Small Borrow- fa ers Must Learn Thoroughly. n( More necessary than a campaign ea gainst high Interest rates is a move- ar lent to educate small borrowers to the m ict that when they borrow money se ley are expected to put it to a pro- ca uctive use, and to turn it over within ni i# neriod of the loan, so that they h< lay be able to pay back the principal be rhen It is due. I The 50-acre farmer should get it wi rmly into his head that if he borrows it t all, his money will go into produc- w< ve enterprises that he will buy llvetock, labor-saving machinery, fertiliz- sh r, or employ labor to cultivate a larg- he r area. In other words he must con- wi implate not only meeting the inter- to st payments, but' also replacing the wi >an. m The wage-earner and the salaried ? lan who are the victims,, of loan bi harks because they do not'tnake pro- an ision for the repayment of principal, ed lust be led to see that it is dangerous ha ) borrow at any time for consump- no on. Three per cent interest on loans will nu ot help the man who borrows money lo< nd spends it on clothes, food and Joy , th lunts. th This condition was the basis of the be utcry against so-called usury in bibli- w! il times. Historians tell us that this te ras an era of borrowing for consump- fe on. The borrowers became the slaves gl C the money lenders through their inbility to repay the loans. The pro- tu :st was against the whole system of tu loney lending, and not against inter- an st, as such. cl( Obviously, it Is wise to borrow morvy with which to purchase a home, wi rovided the dwelling is of a character fe lat is not out of proportion to the in- So ome of the purchaser. w< But the man with a $2,000 Income an 'ho buys a $15,000 house Is headed lei >r the poorhouse whether his interest us i four or two per cent- bo Those who have surplus funds, which se hey have not the ability to direct into lai roaucuve cnanneis snuuiu ue cuuum- ?.v, ged to place their money In the hands bi f those who have the ability, ; . ' w< Our entire business structure de- ov ends on the easy flow of rnoney back nd forth between savcVs aijfl produc- sH rs. fla The saver should be encouraged to d$ tore up, accumulate capltW, by.re-r d< elving a satisfactory Intercalate jfor ist' he use of his money. 'as When the borrower take* money, it 51 3 assumed that he can use it ntore w; >*})ductlvely than the lender it is eibeted that he can make it bring back th iore than he pays tat for lta use. < w TELLS ABOUT A BATTLE iterestlng Letter of a Bethel Boy to Bis Mother BMIST1CE STOPPED TBE FIGHTING obt. L. Brandon Gives a Graphic Story of Hi* Experiences on the Firing Line Telia of Scenes and Incidents in a Way to Make the Reader Feel that He Alto is Along. 1 Robert L. Brandon of Clover No. 2, ho went across to France last July ; ith the 81st division, has seen his full , lare of action and he Is able to tell >out his experiences in a very Inter- ! itlng manner, as appears from thi Mowing extracts from a letter recent- ' received by his mother, Mrs- W. A. randon: ' No doubt you arc wondering what nd of a kid I have turned out to be nee I have been over here. I assume ; iat because I am sure that some of ie stories of the doings of some of iese boys have reached you. It is t. ' ct that there are soldiers who are rterly lacking In respect for themTvo.q np fni? nnirhnHv nlon * Vmf Via la to exception rather than the rule. It a pretty tough life we are living; but . it nearly so tough as I expected to id it, and taken as a whole the boyri e doing pretty well extremely well, should say. Of Qourse, now that tho ork that we came to do is accomlished, we are all anxious to get ome. I am anxious to get home, too; at will continue to do the best I can 3 long as I am here, and when I do 3t back, instead of having been made orse by my experiences, I think you 111 And that I am "Maw's best boy." We have a Bible class every Sunday id I try to attend all the meetings. I sked the T. M. C. A. man not long ?o to see if he could not get me n ible, which, of course, I expected to ly for. Pretty soon afterward he ent to town and bought me a hand ime copy (teacher's size) and would Dt take any pay. I am getting The Yorkvllle Enquirer 1 O. K. Who is sending it? I notice The Enquirer the complaint that the )ys are not telling enough in their tters- Well there are several reason* hy we have not been telling all that )u would like to know. One of the rea>ns is that we did not know what we >uld write and what we could not 1 rite* Another is that we were so >ry much occupied with other things iat we did not have time, opportunity < inclination to write, and still anoth- I t reason js that it is Impossible to j>ut ] hrn^ on paper the things that i ill keep until I got home and that I uld tell it much better than I could ] rite it. Then again I did not care i tell you anything about my being < the front, because you had anxiety ? lough, without that; but now I will y to give you a little along this line, < We first went to the front in the Al- < ce sector along about the last of Sep- 1 mber, and remained there until the < st of October when we went to the < jrdun sector. It was pretty quiet in < e Alsace sector; but when we got < er around Verdun, we found things ore lively. It was here that we be- < m to make acquaintance with the f g shells. First we could hear them 1 a distance; but it was long before < e began to see them and some of us It them; but I cannot begin to tell iu all the details In this connection. We went over the top the morning e armistice was signed. We were on Lr way to the line from which we ere to start on Sunday. We spent the ght In shell holes and with shells lllng about us every second it was >t at all pleasant It looked like ich shell was coming; right after us, id we did not know which way to ove or whether to move at all. It emed to me that each shell that me in my direction was bringing my imber, and I went from one shell >le to another, without finding it any itter In the new hole than in the one had left I thought that all of us are going to be blown away; but as turned out only two or three were Bunded. When it began to get dark they quit elling us and we got together in a >le that was fit to sleep In. You ould not think a fellow would want 8l<fep-in any such place as that; but e dl<f sleep, or most of us did; the achlne guns kept popping all right, id occasionally there was a big shell; it u aia nor seem to worry us mucn iy more, because all this scemso tame compared with what we id been through that we took little itlce of it. It is a common saying here, that no atter how bad things are, If you will ok about you, you will find someing to be glad about Amongst ose in our shell hole were several >ys who had fallen into a creek and ho with their wet clothes on were rribly uncomfortable in the cold. I It sorry for those boys; but I was ad that I had not fallen in the creek. I don't think I shall ever forget the ne of the machine gun bullet. This ne became very familiar out there, d the bullets, they don't mind how ise they come to a fellow's ears. There was some racket stirred up hen we went over the top. Every llow had his grit with him and kept ing until it was time to stop, sneiis sre bursting among and around us, d machine gun and shrapnel bul:s were singing by, before and behind i In every direction. Some of the ys were getting wounded and it emed that every second would be the st. During a brief halt two boys Just xt to me were hit by machine gun illets. I crawled up and bound the >und of one of them and I crawled or and doctored the other one also. After a little further advance, the ;uation became so hot because of inking tjaachine gun Are that it was : a little, in orre room. The eemed as thick s we were douid, I caught up limping along He suggested m a little-**#-! [felt like I wat iMT -i in right much of a hurry Just then I took hold of one arm while another boy took hold of the other arm, and we stayed with him until he was out of danger. A shrapnel bullet had hit him in the knee. 4 Most of the fellows lost their packs and some lost their rifles; but I did not lose anything except my nerve. I could not afford to give up my pack as , long as I could keep It between me and the enemy and really It served me a pretty good turn. A piece ef shrapnel, which otherwise would have gotten me, hit it and tore several holes through my raincoat But don't understand that we were running away, mother. It was not that We were in a place where the enemy had the best of us and eur officers, seeing that otherwise we would have been butchered, took its into a better position. It was no trouble to get us Ln line and start vi back again; but lust as we were about to return there came the order to "Cease firing-" The armistice had been signed! Mother, you cannot Imagine how I felt and I cannot tell you; but everybody was glad it was over and everybody was anxious to learn who had escaped the shells and bullets of the enemy. mere were biz or seven xuiea our 01 our company and a good many were wounded. It teemed impossible that so many could have remained unharmed. The next call was for volunteers to carry first aid to the wounded, and a number or our boys went forward. All tired and unstrung as I was after that terrible day this was no easy Job and it was 11 o'clock that night before we got through with it We camped on the battlefield the night of the 11th and the next day we buried the dead. After that we left the battlefield and that night we camped on the roadside. Next day we hiked to a little village on the outskirts of Verdun, and after two or three days we went to a French camp, where we remained till Monday. Then we hiked to another town about twenty kilometers back this way, and after a few more days we started on the long, long return hike that we will never forget, until we arrived at this town of Coulmiers le Sec, on December S. I am now on my way home now. i $ i t NEW LEADER8 WANTED. Democratic Failure Due to incompe* teney of Clark and Kitehin. A spirit of insurgency that promises trouble in the near future, writes the Washington correspondent of the New York World, is growing in the Democratic party in congress. It comes iruiu tujLiuu uvcr wits wit/ tuo party's fights have been led, or misted In the past two years, especially In the house. * . V Jhe insurgents claim that faults an<^ mSalR?? ffiat occurred ttilfe WfcFe~prl-" narily responsible for defeat of the party last fall, and that if the party is to mean anything, or win support if the country in 1920, it must start i spring house cleaning. Plans for this job are being considered, the hope being thai it can be accomplished in a party caucus to be held during the spring or Just prior to he 'next session of congress. - Many conferences have been held in the last 'ew days at which the matters were liscufsed. The dissatisfied elements are criticising Speaker Champ Clark who Is generally regarded as their leader in he next house. It has been rumored here would be a contest between the speaker and the present leader, Claude Kltchin, for this place, but their friends ieny that any friction will occur. That, however, has not settled the question for the Insurgent*, because they claim to be dissatisfied with Ifr. Kitchin, too. Their contention is that theee gentlemen and other Democratic leaders failed to support the president heartily, or failed to convince the country of that, and that the country charged this up to the-party. The friends of the speaker, and of Kitchin,' as well as the friends of Chairman . of the military affairs committee, and v others, declared they have supported^*the administration on every measure a.nd will stand upon their records. Ihe insurgents, in the main, are younger men of the party. They gasert that because of the failure to haws leadership the country turned to the Republicans and will not trust the Democrats witl* the government until changes ace made. Therefore they want to pick: new leader* more In spirit with the problems of the day md who are qualified to lead In the house. Among the new names mentioned tor the floor leadership are Finis Garrett of Tennessee, who Is a member )f the rules committee, and Scott Fer ls, chairman of the congressional comnittee on public lands. They have rad much experience In parliamentary :actics and as presiding officers. As part of the proposed organization a steering committee to direct the policy of the party is proposed, This plan Is similar to the plans of the Republicans, although the manner n which the steering committee would ae chosen or other details have not seen settled. Friends of Speaker Clark are conflient that he will dominate the work >f the party, notwithstanding any In(urgency that may break out. Th-ay 'eel that he has a strong personal folowing and is strong with the country., The split of the Republican party >ver the speakership and the comnittees has encouraged the dlssatlsled elements. They believe the He)ublicans will be battling with 'squalls" In their own ranks from now intll the election of 1920. The dls&nMlntment of Qlllett supporters, who lad expected the Gillett "slate" to go hrough, and who realized not that hey will lose the advantages they had ixpected to gain because of the plans o destroy rules of seniority. For this eason, n. is urgeu hull tLcuua uy mo Democrats should be taken at once, 'n >rder that they may enter the new :ongTess fully equipped to cope with :hc Republicans and take advantage )f their troubles. By such action do :hey count upcn success In 1920. A Good Match. "When I get a car, [ want one that will suit me." "Then, my dear, you had better get a, runabout" Baltimore American. ...