Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, January 31, 1919, Image 1

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L,- % < * YORXVIULE ENQUIRER. ISSUED SEMI-WKKKLT. J l m giusts sons, Pubushers. J % (^amilg <J)e irspaper: ^or the promotion of the political, fecial, ^grienltaral and (fommerriat interests of the ^eopl^. | TER"^?^,T,EriT?NoBmANCe ESTABLISHED 1855 = YORK. S. C., FRIDAY' JANUARY 31. 1919. NO. 9~ WILSON'S IDEA OF PEACE ; . Vi President Hakes Great Speech to w the Peace Conference ? u WHY AMERICA WENT INTO THE WAR 0: t< ti Principles of Right, Jurtice and Liber- p. ty Were at Stake, and It Was on S( this Account That This Country tt Fought America Has No Ambition i or Desire to Interfere With the tics of Other Nations. |a] President Wilspn's address last Fri-' p) . day, before the peace conference, was ai as follows: n< "Mr. Chairman I consider it a dis- Fi tlngu.shed privilege to be permitted to m open the discussion in this conference 01 on the League of Nations. We have assembled for two purposes; to make se the present settlements which have th j, been rendered necessary by this war, St and also to secure the peace of the L* world, not only by the present settlements, but by the arrangements we P' shall make at this conference for its tl f maintenance. ti' "The League of Nations seems to me 8e to be necessary for both of these purposes. There are many complicated w questions connected with the present 01 settlements, which perhaps cannot be w successfully worked out to an ultimate 80 issue by the decisions we shall arrive ai at here. I can easily conceive that m many of these settlements will need 8J subsequent consideration; that many 8? of the decisions we make shall need subsequent alteration in some degree, m for if I may judge by my own study of 81 some of these questions they are not c< susceptible for confident judgments at is present. "It is therefore necessary that we as should set up some machinery by W which the work of this conference 01 should be rendered complete. ?< "We have assembled here for the c< purpose of doing very much more than c* making the present settlements that ** are necessary. We are assembled un- P1 der very peculiar conditions of world P( opinion- I may say, without straining P< the point, that we are not representa- 01 tives of governments, but representa- ti; tives of peoples. "It will not suffice to satisfy govern- ** mental circles anywhere. It is necessary that we should satisfy the opinion of mankind. 01 "The burdens of this war. have fall- Ti en in an unusual degree upon the ?1 whole populatloon of the countries in- fc volved. I do not need to draw for you ?' the picture of how the burden has been thrown back from the front up- w on the older men, upon the women, tc upon the children, upon the homes of P* the civilized world, and how the real tl: strain of the war has come where the *r eyes of the government could not P< reach but where the heart of humanity beats. ?< "Wa are bidden by these people to n< make a peace which will make them cl secure. We are bidden by these people to see to it that this strain does not U1 come upon them again. And I venture to say that it has been possible for c< them to bear this strain because they al hoped that those who represented hi them could get together after this war 8' and make such another sacrifice unnecessary. kl "It is a solemn obligation on our kl part, therefore, to make permanent ci arrangements that Justice shall be ren- m dered and peace maintained. *e "This is the central object of our ** meeting. Settlements may be tempo- 10 rary. but the action of the nations in e> the interest of peace and justice must be permanent We can set up permanent processes. We may not be able w to set up a permanent decision. 111 "Therefore, it seems to me that we u1 must take, as far as we can, a picture CI of the world into our "minds. Is it not tc a startling circumstance, for one thing, that the great discoveries of science, la that the quiet studies of men in labo- ^ ratories, that the thoughtful develop- b( ments which have taken place in quiet lecture rooms have now been turned n' to the destruction of civilization. The powers of destruction have not so much multiplied as they have gained tc facilities. st "The enemy whom we have just overcome, had at its seats of learning, some of the principal centres of scien- ir tlflc study and discovery, and He used * them in order to make destruction sudden and complete- And only the C( watchful and continuous co-operation tl of men can see to it that science, as a: p well as armed men, is kept within the n harness of civilization. t( "In a sense the United States is less w Interested in this subject than the oth- Ci er nations here assembled. With her ?' great territory and her extensive sea f borders, it is less likely that the United 8{ States should suffer from the attack of ei enemies than that other nations should tl sufTer. And the ardor of the United s< States for it is a very deep and gen- w uine ardor for the society of nations a: is not an order springing out of. fear or t( apprehension, but an ardor springing p out of the ideals which have come in the consciousness of this war. "In coming into this war, the United States never for a moment thought ^ that she was intervening in the politlra nf Rurona or the DolitiCS Of Asia. E into life to meet an exigency but al- ii ways functioning in watchful attend-1 b ance upon the interests of the nations, p P and that its continuity should be a s vital continuity; that its functions are b continuing functions that do not per- h mit of intermission of its watchfulness a and of its labor; that it should be thei eye of the nations, to keep watch upon I or the politics of any part of the world. Her thought was that all of the y world has now become conscious P that there was a single cause of Justlce and of liberty for men of every F kind and place. It "Therefore, the United States should a feel that its part In this war should t< be played in vain if there ensued upon E ^ it abortive European settlements. It N would feel that it could not take part ii In guaranteeing those European settle- h ments unless that guarantee involved f; the continuous superintendence of the peace of the world by the associated si nations of the world. pi "Therefore, it seems to me that we s< ft must concern our best Judgment in or- c mf der to make this League of Nations a c ie common interest an eye that did ot slumber, an eye that was everyhere watchful and attentive. "And if we do not make it vital, hat shall we do? We shall disapoint the expectations of the peoples, his is what their thought centers ' pon. "I had the very delightful exper'-ence ; f visiting several nations since I came , > this side of the water, and every 1 me the voice of the body of the pro- ] le reached me, through whatever repmtative, at the front of the plra stood i, ie hope of the League of nations. I j " uennemcn, uie oc^rvw w*. iankind are no longer the governors; f mankind. The fortunes of mankind re now in the hands of the plain peole of the whole world. Satisfy them, id you have justified their confidence >t only, but have established peace, ail to satisfy them, and no arrangeent that you can make will either set steady the peace of the world. "You can imagir i, I dare say, the mtiment and the j urpose with which ie representative i of the United ates support this treat project for a eague of Nations- We regard it as ie keynote of the whole, which exressed our purposes and ideals in lis war and which the associated na- , ons have accepted as the bas.s of a ittlement. . , "If we return to the United States , ithout having made every effort in ir power to realize this programme, t e should return to meet the merited iorn of our fellow citizens. For they < e a body that constitute a great de- ] ocracy. They expect their leaders to , >eak; their representatives to be their irvants. "We have no choice but to obey their andate. But it is with the greatest , ithusiasm and pleasure that we ac- . spt that mandate. And because this the keynote of the whole fabric we ive pledged our every purpose to it, j we have to every Item of the fabric. , re would not dare abate a single item J the programme which constitutes ? jr instructions; we would not dare to . >mpromise upon any matter as the } lampion of this thing this peace of | le world, this attitude of Justice, this ( rinciple that we an? the masters of no , soples, but are here to see that every ( jople in the world shall choose Its , wn masters and govern its own desnies, not as we wish, but as they wish. "We are here to see, in short, that J le very foundations of this war are vept away. Thos* foundations were ( le private choice of a small coterie , civil rulers and military staffs. ] hose foundations were the aggression ! great powers upon the small. Those ( lundations were the holding together , ! empires of unwilling subjects by ie duress of arms. Those foundations ere the power of small bodies of men , > wield their will and use mankind as , iwns in a game. And nothing less tan the emancipation of the world . om these things will accomplish , iace. "You can see that the representatives the United States are, therefore, jver put to the embarrassments of loosing a way of expediency, because iey have laid down before them the lalterable lines of principles. And, iank God, these lines have been ac:pted as the lines of settlements by 1 1 the high-minded men who have ' id to do with the beginning of this ' eat business- 1 "I hope, Mr. Chairman, when it is ( nown, as I feel confident, it will be nown, that we have adopted the pr n- ( pie of the League of Nations and 1 iean to work out that principle In ef- 1 ctive action, we shall by that single ting have lifted a great part of the ' ad of anxiety from the hearts of men ,'erywhere. "We stand in a peculiar cause. As I ) about the streets here, I see every- > here the American uniform. Those ' ien came into the war after we had ttered our purpose. Thoy came as 1 usaders, not merely to win a war, but i win a cause. And I am respons.ble 1 >r them, for it falls to me to formu.te the purpose for which I asked ; lem to fight, and I, like them, must 3 a crusader for these things, what /er it costs and whatever it migni d< ecessary to do in honor to accomplish le object for which they fought. "I have been glad to find from day > da"y that there is no question of our anding alone in this matter, for lere are champions of this cause upon /ery hand. I am merely avowing this i i order that you may understand why, erhaps, it fell to us, who are discnaged from the politics of this great intinent and of the Orient, to suggest lat this was the keystone of the arch, nd why it occurred to the generous find of your president to call upon me > open this debate. It is not because e alone represent this idea, but beause it is our privilege to associate jrselves with you iD representing it. "I have only tried, in what I have lid, to give you the fountains of the nthusiasm which is within us for this ling; for those fountains spring', it ?ems to me, from all the ancient rongs and sympathies of mankind, nd the very pulse of the world seems ) beat to the fullest in this enterrise." FROM A SOLDIER. . H. Ferguson, In France, Sends Message to Home Folks. Iditor Yorkville Enquirer: Please spare me a small space in our paper to tell the York county peole that here is one that is glad the rar is over. I have seen very little of ranee. Only been here one month. I inded at Brest, France, the day the rmistic was signed. Was transferred > Camp Hunt, about 40 miles from lordeaux, down coast from Brest. i'ow I'm at Bordeaux as A. T. S., checkis Uncle Sam's groceries. Here's oping that the next time you all hear rom me I'll be at home. I get very good grub. I get good, hort biscuit, like I got at home. Also ave good sleeping quarters. I see ome of the York county boys at every amp I stop at. This is some swell Ity, but give me old York county for line. Quite a lot of the boys are golg home. It seems that my stay will e prolonged on account of my occuation, though I feel as if I ought to lav over and let some of the older oys go home first. Trust I haven't iken up to*o much space in your valuble paper. Wishing all Godspeed. Very truly, C. H. Ferguson. WILDCATS OF THE THIRTIETH. Story of Famous Division Told in the Senate. Senator James W. Wadsworth, of New York, In a speech in the senate Tuesday told of the great flght made by the Thirtieth division, the "Old Hickory" the "Wildcat" composed of North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee troops. The flght took place between St. Quentin and Cambrai. "On September 29 the Twenty-seventh and Thirtieth divisions of American troops were launched against the Hindenbure: line at the place where i the canal comes out of the tunnel under the mountain," said Senator Wadsworth. "It took three days for them to overcome it Their losses svere severe. Frankly senators, I do not see how men could have gone through such positions and come out ilive. The achievement to me is astounding. I think it would be so to my other civilian who sees that maze jf trenches and underground passages, icres and acres of barbed wire, and the canal itself emerging from the tunnel n the north, going forward to tunnel in the north, going forward to crossed. Remember that the men ivere subjected to a fearful fire from .heir left flank as they pushed their way into this position. A British division assisted upon the right flank ind the famous division, the Fortysixth Highlanders. "They crossed the open canal and :he Amreicans crossedon top of the hill, over the canal and all the positions in front of the canal. Their obectives were almost three miles away from their starting point, but thej eached them on the first day. Then anonoH q torrifif* V>nnrt-tr?-hfln<1 eon test to hold what they had taken. An Australian division was thrown In to help them andt he Australians and Americans fought hand-to-hand there for two days. "Generals Haig and Rawlinson showered compliments on those two divisions. Rawlinson was the field commander. They had achieved, I honestly believe, one of the greatest victories of this war on a comparatively small scale. They were to attack on a twodivision front of about three miles, rhey staggered and chattered the strongest German offensive position in France, which resulted in crumpling that whole portion of the German line. "That was where the Thirtieth won the name of 'Wildcats.' The Australans dubbed them that for the manner in which they fought." The Thirtieth will be brought home ?arly in March if present plans carry, rhe boys will be loaded on nine transports and will land in New York or Jharleston. If any large ships are lsed they will have to go to New Fork. It is believed now that Camp Jack :on will be used for demobilization purposes for the Tar Heels and SoaihUarolinians. FREIGHT ON COTTON. "Seduction in Carrying Charges Help Prices of Staple. Reductions of nearly 75 per cent In trans-Atlantic freight rates on cottor carried in American bottoms, effective immediately, were announced Tuesday by the shipping board division of operations. Sweeping decreases were nade yesterday in rates on genera' freight to meet cuts by British ship owners, and some shipping board of flcials regarded today's announcemen' \s presaging a rate war between the lew American merchant marine an< Iritish shipping interests. Requests for the cut in rates on coton were made by southern senator: and representatives in conference with shipping board officials. The effett on the price of cottor on the New York and New Orlean jxchanges was electric, the price 01 the old contract months advancing 10 a bale?the limit of fiuctuatio: permitted in a single day under thi aw controlling dealings in futures. Immediately the sharp Increase ir the exports of cotton from this country was viewed by southern senators an< epresentatlves as a certainty. All egulations affecting such exports al cady had been removed and the higl 'rcight rates were regarded as the nlv barrier between European need: and the American supply. No cotton will be permitted to go :o enemy countries however, until th< matter of the economic blockade has been determined. The new rates from south Atlantic orts to ports in Europe, as announced Tuesday by the shipping board are:. To Liverpool and other ports in th< lTn!tcd Kingdom $1.25 for 100 pounds against the old rate of $4.50 the 100 pounds. New rates from south Atlantic port: 'o ports in continental Europe were announced as follows: To French Atlantic ports, Rotterdam, Antwerp and rortugal, $1.50 foi 100 pounds, compared with $4.75. To French Mediterranean ports ano Barcelona, Spain, $2 for 100 pounds compared with $5.25. To Italian main ports, $2.25 against $5.50. The new rates from gulf ports to all norts named were fixed at 25 cents in excess of the south Atlantic port rateB. rates. ADVICE TO COTTON GROWERS. Agricultural Department Recommends Adjustment of Acreage. Farmers of the south were advised j in a statement issued by the department of agriculture Sunday that it would be wise to adjust cotton acreage this year so as to have available sufficient land to produce enough food and feed for their families and live stock. - - . n "If industrial cunumuua iu <u> cotton consuming: countries do not reach normal, and if the industry is not restored the consumption of cotton will be substantially less than pre-war acreagre requirements." said the statement. "With practically complete restoration cotton consumption may well be expected to equal the normal or pre-war tJmes on account of the present shortage of cotton goods in various countries. The economies which the people of Europe must practice for some years to come must be considered." Average requirements outside the United States were given as 13,010.000 bales, domestic requirements 6,600.000 bales. The American 1918 crop Is estimated at 11,700.000 bales. After domestic consumption requirements are taken care of there will be an exportable surplus of 5,100,000 bales. Other producing countries have an estimated surplus of about 8,180,000 bales, making a total present surplus stocks for the world about 8,280,000 bales, against 13,010,000 bales in re- < quirements. The apparent deficit i therefore is 4,730,000 bales, the department's statement says, but from this gross amount should be deducted the carry over at the end of the 1918-19 season. Unless there is a very mark- | ed increase in exports there will be a 1 considerab'e carry over. Estimate of the carry over are placed at 8,280.000 bales. With a carry over of that amount the apparent deficit is reduced to 1,500,000 bales. Pointing out that the 1918 yield was greatly decreased by unfavorable weather, the department's statement said the same acreaee this year, at! least 2,000,000 bales more than the 1918 crop. "In many sections of the south," said the statement, "diversified farming should be practiced to a larger extent. Many farms and p'antations are still devoted entirely to cotton and fail to produce sufflc'ent foodstuffs for the families or feed for live stock. Such a system is a hazardous, since success or failure is dependent upon a single crop, subjected to the influence of the weather, disease, transportation and markets. A careful study of the situation, has resulted in the recommendation that each farm community and each section of the south should produce as far as possible its own food and feed for the sake of economic production and to save transportation costs and intervening profits where the purchase must be made from distant sections. Tn other words the food and feed of the south should be produced on the farms of the south." BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA PARK (The following is published at the request of J. I. Buice, now at Chlckamauga Park): We've fought no battle hard and hot In No Man's Land a' dark; The nearest to the front we got i Is Chickamauga Park. We did not have a chanoe to fight And make our records famous, Too soon the Huns were put to flight, I hope you do not blame us. The time of peace has come about, But still in camp they hold us; God only knows when we'll get out And he has never told us. It may not be that they will leave us here. Perhaps they will forget us, j But we should worry, weep or fear, The prospect does not fret us. We've all the grub that we can chew, And lots of time to chew it; And nothing in the world to do, And all the day to do it. | Each day brings forth great strings of news From our Latrine Gazette, You may brieve them if you choose. They're all the news you'll get; Perhaps we'll all come marching home. Perhaps we'll go to Russia, France and Belgium, we may even roam To Palestine or to Prussia; ^Although we have not fought, We are soldiers of Uncle Sam; So send us home or to Berlin, We do not give a damn. FERTILIZER FACTS. Clemson Expert Gives Some Statistics on Values. With labor scarce and high-priced, one logical thing to do In good farm practice this year Is to increase the use of fertilizers so that by more liberal ap?li<arttoii8 sac can Eel ./1th a given limited acreage and labor supply. Preparation and cultivation cost as much in labor and pthcrwise for small yields as for larger. Therefore, the wise farmer will figure iot on how little but on how much fertilizer he can use to advantage in .very crop he grows. The price of acid-phosphate is toay practtcally twice as great as it ,vas in 1914; yet it is relatively cheaper now than in 1914, as has been shown oy some experiments at certain southern experiment stations. The same is true of other elements of fertility .litrogen of potash. This is due, of .ourse, to the fact that the increase .n prices obtained for cotton and other produce are relatively greater than the increased cost of f ertilizers will leave a greater profit after subtracting the cost of the fertilizer than in 1914. For example, experiments with com how that 600 pounds of fertilizer, al i cost $7.50 in 1914, showed a gain of 11 bushels per acre, which at 78 cents er bushel gave $26.52, or $19.20 net after subtracting $7.50 for fertilizer. .-Tow, the same increase for the same amount of fertilizer costing in 1918 ( wice as much ($15) would give $62.90. with corn at $1.85, leaving $47.90 net .iroflt. This is two and a half times 1 s great net profit from a given amount of fertilizer in 1918 as in 1914. Similar experiments with cotton on a basis of 800 pounds of fertilizer ' showed a net profit of $34.04 in 1914 J ind $88.86 in 1918. So with tobacco on a basis of 1000 pounds of fertilizer, ( the net gains being $83.88 in 1914 and J181.15 in 1918. H. B. Bryan. ( The Price of Cotton and the Coat of , "TOn von know what it osts to spin and weave a yard of ( plain sheeting?" asked Esq. J. W. ones, of White Store. He had just , bought a bolt of sheeting for which he paid 27J cents a yard. On a pound basis it cost him $1.32i cents a pound. , Vt the present price of cotton the magnificent margin of $1.05 per pound , !s absorbed somewhere in the round that this plain white cotton travels J from the farmer as a producer back to the farmer as a consumer. It isn't anything to wonder at that intelligent farmers are commenting on what ?eems to be excessive profiteering by man- , ufacturcrs and it isn't anything but natural that they shoudd regard with surpremc contempt a condition under which the price of cotton is constantly being "sold down" by speculators when by every principle of equity ] and justice the price of cotton should . now be 40 or 50 cents Instead of 27 cents. The farmer thinks he is entitled to a fair proportion of the net , proceeds of the wealth which he has created. Esq. Jones was figuring on plain sheeting. If he will get his pencil and begin on the problem as it relates to the finer cotton fabrics for which the manufacturers are getting nbout eitrht dollars a pound he'll need to employ an ev.pert manthematlcian to flrure out the difference In the farmers' profit on a pound of cotton which it takes a year to produce and the manufacturer's profit on that same pound of cotton which is realized in a few hours' work with machinery. , Marshville, (N. C.) Home. i President Wilson and a party of friends made a visit to the Chateau Th'erry and Rheims battlefields this week. A Christinia cable, quoting an Entente officer from Archangel, says the 1 Bolshevists will try to collect an army | of 2,000,000 to begin a big drive in the . i spring, probably in south Russia. |INFLUENZA A MYSTERY Sjj Far Has Defeated Medical Skll and Science MEANS OF TRANSMISSION UNKNOWN m 9^ory of On? Hundred Heroic Volun< fleers Who Braved Death In the Hope That Thousands of Others Might Bi fisuoJ n.x*..! Din* I. wuiyvwn VQIIVI a i uiug ? Baffled. By Frederick J. Haskin. \An experiment that makes the transmission of influenza a more baffling mystery than ever, and which at the same time places on record an act oi Belf-sacriflcing heroism by about IOC nival volunteers, has Just been completed by officers of the United States public health service co-operating with medical officers of the United States navy at Boston and San Francisco. As nearly every ones knows, scientlsts all over the world, in combating the spread of influenza .which is still joing on, have proceeded on the assumption that it Is transmitted chief!) by coughing and spitting. The theorj fits been that the diseased mucus thrown out by these acts is filled with the germs of influenza, which thus find lodgment in healthy tissue. All the experiments heretofore made seem tc Indicate strongly that influenza is transmitted in this way, and it is well nocepted that most other respirator) diseases are so carried. This latest experiment consisted lr submitting the 100 men who volunteered for the purpose to every possible method of Infection with Influenza germs through the nose and throat. These men risked their llvejs Tor the general good, and for the advancement of science. They went through a singular trying and repulsive ordeal. They, and every one else, believed that they were being inoculated with the dread disease which It destroying millions of lives all ovei the world. Their heroism is fully equal to that displayed some years ago b> the men of the amy medical corpt kvho exposed themselves in Cuba to the bites of mosquitoes In order to det^Trlne Anally whether yellow fever tvas transmitted by that Insect. The snly difference In the two experiments tvas In the result Some of the officers who exposed themselves to the bite of the mosquito contracted yelow fever, and one of them died, thereby establishing the soundness of their :hcory. The volunteers who submited themselves to inoculation with the rerms of Influenza were fully expected to take the disease, and were prepared to die. But not one of them de/ejoped any symptoms of influenza. on"of^the day In jcientiflc circles, should not tempt any )ne to be careless In the matter of coughing ttnd spitting or in exposing ilmself to Infection by those acts. As jfflcials of the public health service point out, it may be that the germs )f the disease disappear as soon as or mmedlately after the symptoms apwar. Something like this is true of pther dlseasea In measles, for exjmple, it has been found that the rerms which cause the disease are all rone within Ave or six days after the ippearance of the rash, and the case s no longer contagious. The discovery of this fact, which was made by ^derson and Goldberger of the public health service only a few y arsago ->as led to shortening the quarantine for measles by more than half. "These new experiments in the iransmisslon of influenza," said Surreon General Blue, "show how difficult is the influenza problem. They ">v no means indicate that we can af/vAiio>hlny anno7ino LUIU IU UiOICgaiU vvu^iiii md spitting as common means ol spreading disease, and even in the " ase of influenza this source of infection should always be borne in mind. [ believe, however, that we have not oaid sufficient attention to other paths of Infection, especially to the Hps, mouth and hands. The fact that the disease was much less common in irmy camps where the sterilization ol ill eating utensils and dishes was rigidly enforced, shows the Importance ">f the month as an avenue of infection." There can be no doubt that these sxperlments at Boston and San Fran"'sco were carried out with the utmost thoroughness. Lieutenant Commandt Rocennu at the navy medical corps ? ?- ^ ana surgeon josepn vjuiuucikcj ui hi'" health service were the officers In charge of the Boston experiment, which was made at the quarantine station on Gallop Island. Forty-sever men were the subjects of this part ol the experiment. All of them had beer more or less exposed to the disease and 39 of them had never had any bronchial disease. This means thai gome of them may have been naturally Immune to Influenza, but It It not at all probable that all of them were. The first experiment consisted In thoroughly infecting the noses of about ten of the men with cultures of Pfelffer*8 influenza bacillus, a virulenl germ commonly found In Influenza, None of the men developed any symptoms. The next form of the experiment was to take the secretions from the noses and throats of Influenza patients and place them In the noses and throats of the volunteers by means ol swabs and sprays. The time occupied In removing the diseased mucus from a sick man and putting it Into tht nose and throat of a well man was reduced to as little as 30 second- Yet none of the men so infected developed nnv svmntnms of the disease. Determined that the test should be exhaustive, the doctors next submitted a group of volunteers to Infection by actual cougrhlngr and spitting. Foi this purpose ten volunteers were selected, and ten bed patients who had recently come down with severe attacks of influenza. Each of the volunteers leaned over the bed of each of the ten sick men, coversed with him for a few minutes, and allowed the patient to couph directly in his face, so that there should be no doubl of a transmission of diseased tissue Each volunteer was thus exposed tc ten different cases of Influenza, and was in close proximity with them foi not less than three-quarters of ae hour. Yet not one of these volunteers developed any symptoms of Influenza. The experiments In San Francisco. V which were carried out under the diI rectlon of Surgeon O. W. McCoy of the public health service, and Leiut. De Wayne Richey of the United States ^ navy at the Angel Island quarantine t j station, were very similar In method and in result. The men who volunteered. for these experiments had been f . vaccinated with Pfeiffer's Influenza j , bacilli and pneumonia germs. If, as q ( European reports would indicate, influenza is caused by an ultra micro- v ' scoplc germ, such vaccination would f be without protection to those so vac- j( clnated. None of these men had been ^ exposed to the influenza epidemic. c ^ In this experiment there was no di- d ' rect exposure to natients. but the ad I " - JL \ ditional methods of infection were j J tried of injecting the blood of an in- c fluenza patient into that of a volun- j teer, and of introducing the pure cul1 turcs of infTuenza bacilli into a vol- t 1 unteer's eye. No one of these men de' veloped influenza. t The result of this experiment have n ^ left the medical world completely be- j, ' wildered. a The theory which haa apparently v been upset by these experiments was c originated by a famous French physlclan Nlcolle, who claimed to have pro- c : duced influenza with a material ob1 tained from mucus excretiona He t produced the disease, with this ma! terial after filtering It through a fine v ' porcelain filter, showing that*a germ j. ' was present which was not only too ^ small to be detected with the micro- ' scope, but too small even to be held j back by the fine pores of unglazed f 1 norce'ain. Foster, an American army ^ surgeon, showed that common colds f were produced by equally minute germs. The work of Foster bore so r ' directly on the problems presented by ' ' influenza that It may be said to have led to the experiments there described ? The only thing which can be consider- ^ ed proved about influenza so far is d ' that it is still a mystery both as to the t nature of its causative germ and as g 1 to its means of transmission, and therefore especially dangerous. Au- . ' thorities, however, still consider In' a - a ji..... ?a ilUCHZcL a UUWU uiocaoc, auu an uu- j ' necessary gathering: of people should g 1 be discouraged when influenza is prev- v alent V PRICES TAKE TUMBLE. i Cost of Living is Now Beginning to Fall. F The unwelcome phrase "The High Cost of Living," is apparently about to of Living," is apparently about to crumble into oblivion which such P (* 1 causes and effects as autocracy and other monopolistic institutions. Within the last ten days a survey of the country's food stocks on hand has dis- P closed tremendous quantities of beef. ^ 1 potft, matt on, famb?and- poultry; said a story Saturday In the New York Herald. Butter and eggs are in great g abundance, as shown by rapidly de- j clining wholesale prices. A Shipments of beef are glutting the ^ wholesale marketB, with cattle selling c: ''at from 18 to twenty-five cents a pound ^ compared with twenty-eight to thirtytwo cents a pound ten days ago. Other commodities are on the downward g trend, and the Indications are that the h consumer should feel the decline at ^ onco In lower prices. a "80 far the retail prices on food commodities have shown little or no 3, disposition to go downward, and it is the evident purpose of the retailers. t] according to wholesalers, to squeeze j( 1 from the public all the traffic will ^ 1 bear,' says The New York Herald. ^ 'The housewife is advised, therefore, to 1 bring the fact of the lower wholesale | prices to the attention of her dealer ^ and to insist that the retail figures r ' show a corresponding decrease." . I n_! !_ U..L.? Luwvr mm in itim rvu t. "At the Washington market yesterday lower prices prevailed for shops f. 1 In other parts of the city. Porterhouse steaks were quoted at forty-two ^ to forty-five cents. Pork loms and ^ pork chops went at thirty-five cents 1 and shoulder of veal at twenty-two ^ cents. Mutton chops sold for thirty! four cents a pound. The better grades p 1 of roasting chickens sold at forty cents and geese at thirty-seven cents. "Within the last ten days pork has k ! shown a decline of forty per cent, and u despite this substantial decrease the majority of retailers are still sel'ing ! it on the same war time schedule. Coun- ^ try pigs are wholesaling at sixteen to t : eighteen cents or approximately seven ^ cents a pound lower than a week ago. 1 Lamb has gone down from five to six ' cents a pound, and the best legs of 1 mutton are quoted at thirty to forty ? cents a pound and the cheaper cuts at O " twenty-five to twenty-six cents. Ex^ eellent sirloin steak is selling at thirtyeight to forty-cents with good profit 1 and rib roast at about the same flg, o ures. Veal Drops Ten Cents. , "Veal has gone downward ten cents a pound, and the wholesale market Is 1 overcrowded with choice stock sel'lng f at eighteen to twenty cents, as against |( thirty to thirty-three cents a week ago. ' "Butter that a week ago was whole- fj saling at sixty-eight cents Is now quoted at flfty-flve to flfty-slx cents. ' and wholesalers declare the public ' should not pay more than sixty-five cents a pound for the best table butter. 1 Good butter can be sold profitably at h sixty cents. c | "Eggs have fallen In with lower f 1 prices and fresh western, which are ^ 1 known as firsts, arc selling wholesale 1 at flfty-clght and fifty-nine cents." ^ A big break occurred In the corn ^ market Saturday, prices experiencing q " the greatest loss for any day In the ' present downward readjustment of ^ values. The January position in Chi! cago broke more than 14 a bushel. , n One hundred and thirteen consclen tious objectors have been ordered released from the disciplinary prison at h 1 Fort Leavenworth, Kan., w'th honor- ii able discharges. The Kansas legisla- c ture has passed a resolution condemn- . ing Secretary of War Baker for issuing i the order of release. s i ? a 1 In making a flight from Oklahoma p , City, to Fort Sill, Okla., a few days ago. L'eutenant Baker attained a speed : of 260 miles an hour, covering 90 miles , . in 22 minutes. ? > ' 1 I I Wm. G. McAdoo urges that all the h . railroads, Inland waterways and mer- t chant marine of the country be merged ii i Into one vast transportation system- e ROCKAWAY TO KEY WE8T. Vondsrful Flight of Navy DirigibN Baloon. The big navy dirigible, C-l, whlcl ecently sailed from Rockaway to Kei Vest, covered the 1,200 miles in tweny-nine and one-half hours actual tlm< n the air, according to its commandr Capt. Stanley V. Parker, who re orted at Washington last Monday le came back on a train, which reuired sixty hours. The average speed on the trip soutt ma about forty miles an hour. Capt 'arker said by reducing this, nonstop ong distance nignts can De maae un. er favorable weather conditions. Th? rew consisted of seven men. in aditlon to the commander there wen lieutenant Lawrence, Ensign Packard Snsign Hanson, Gunner Medusky, Me haniclan Ritter and Quartermastei >u Bon. An altitude of 600 feet was mainained throughout the first leg of th< oyage. The distance from Trentor o Philadelphia was covered in thlrtj linutes and from Baltimore to Wash, ngton in forty-five minutes. The firs' top was made at Hampton Roads rhere the dirigible was gassed an( il and gasoline taken on. The sec. >nd stop was made at Georgetown \. C. "As there was no one in the towi amlliar with dirigibles," the repor ays, "it was necessary to explain wha vas wanted. This was accompllshei >y dropping a number of miniaturi >arachutes which had been prevlousl; nade for the trip with messages ask ng the townspeople to go to a certali leld, catch our drag roi>e and haul 1 lown. As is was noon hour a largi lumber of people were leaving th< nil Is- Two attempts at landing wer nade, the first being unsuccessful oi iccount of the dirigible circling. Thi econd attempt was completely sue essful, a perfectly normal landlni teing made in spite of the difficulty o lirecting the dirigible. About 201 ownspeople caught the drag rojy jid hauled it down." The next landing was made at th< Jrunswick, Ga., Naval station, afte irhlch the ship proceeded on her las a.p to Key West Heavy gusts wen ncountered on the last lap, and-th< essel rose to an altitude of 3,600 fee' rhere a brisk favorable breeze per. altted her to make excellent time. APACHES OF PARIS. >ench Criminals Expert Enough, By' Americans Worse. With the rapl<) return to its norma eace time aspect, cables a spe ial correspondent, rans aiso recorai n Increase in the number of crimes 01 11 descriptions. Not only is the French ollce force actively engaged In runing down the French criminals, bul he American authorities here hav? ad to call in the help of detectivoi nd police officers from the United itates to deal with the gangs of crlmmls composed of deserters from th? .merican army, which are usually eaded by some notorious American rook who has been able to smuggle is way into the army, only to desert pon his arrival In France. Bands of auto thieves and plunderrs of cafes and houses are known tc e operating in and around Parle 'here are also scores of A- W. O. L/a s they are termed here, meaning lembers of the American expeditionry forces absent without official leave, rho are daily arrested in Paris, but he most serious cases are those Amer: :an thieves and murderers who steal 1 the interior of the country. They i'l steal a Ford car and sell it for $100. Forgery Common. Others by forged signatures get oods from a typewriter to a tin ol ondensed milk from the Quartermaser's stores, only to sell them for reiculously low prices. There are yet others who for 60C rancs will supply a cleverly forged nd vised passport to deserters, enbllng them to go to any country thai hey want to. One of these crooks, famous in New 'ork, Ben Taylor by name, has beer un to the ground here and shotwhilt scaping from the house of his French listress. Taylor was the leader ol onfn tViiovinc o-nn3- He has beer nown to masquerade in various Alllec niforms or even an American officer*! niform. He wore an officer's belt, e aptain's fnslgna of rank on one shouler and that of a second lieutenant or he other and a sergeant's overcoat le had been seen in a French colonel'! iniform. Big Gang at Work. The authorities here reckon thai hese various gangs are minor part! f a vast organization to plumder and ob. Only recently a big Americar wry loaded with sugar was stoler inder the driver's eyes by a ganj perating in the Versailles ne'ghborlood. Three days later the lorry wai ound empty on a deserted countrj oad. Raids are continually made in tht 'aris theatres and cafes by the Amer an military police, and they usually et away with an important bag ol A. W. O. L.'s" and not infrequently rith a long long looked for criminal But where the military police get nffled is when they are confronted rith a soldier, usually a buck private, rho, somewhere behind the lines, has oen an "M. P." himself and has suceeded in keeping his armlet. He inds in Paris, immediately puts on is brassard and quietly stroll around he Paris streets. As he feels his ockets becoming empty he becomes nMor and does not hesitate in asking fflcers for their leave papers. If the officer happens to be an unartunate "A. W. O. L." and drops on ne of these impersonating "M. P.'s" e is greeted with "Sorry, sir, but you lust come along with me." To this order he naturally submits lut he gets led down side streets and 1 conversation tries, usually with sucess, to bribe the false "M. P.," and .. vi-tlno nrlfh onmpthlnp like 140 If jr |;m mis ...... et free, often only to be arrested round the corner by a properly ap. olnted military police. Vice President Marshall In an ad< ress at the Presbyterian rally In Bab Imore last Sunday night said thai Bolshevism and all It represents musi i* suppressed In this country ant hose leaders who were lnstrumenta n trying to precipitate riot and blood' bed should be hanged. The grea * congregation of Presbyterians vigorously applauded the vice president*s ' declaration. Mr. Marshall'* address 1 was devoted to the reconstruction problems and he vigorously assailed those who would overthrow the Institutions 1 of the government He was Introduced r by Senator France of Maryland. After . referring to the work now being done _ with the hope of rehabilitating the 3 world, he said he like others hoped the millennium was near and that never again would men be called upon to offer their liven on the altera of militarism and autocracy. Business men, manufacturers and others are fearful of an upheaval in this conn* try. Of this, he said, he had no fear. The American would continue to make money, it being Inherent in him to do so, Mr. Marshall said. GENERAL NEW8 NOTE*. Items of Interest sGthered From All the World. The British grand fleet has been die* persed and is now on a peace be^ia _ The Austrian parliament has passed a motion to allow women to serve on juriea This question has been before the Austrian parliament for many years. Many of the shlpyapdiijuflfl England, Scotland and Ireland HKhfoHd because of a strike grownBMMif a demand for shorter houd|v itt'^ettsr working conditions. Claims aggregating 1871,tOd have been filed with congress to pay for damages due to the big explosion at the Gillespie explosive plant in New Jersey last October. A maniac ran amuck on the streets of Philadelphia Monday, and with a pistol shot four persons to death and wounded four others, before he eras shot down by a policeman. Henry Ford is suing the Chicago '. Tribune for $1,000,000 for alleged libel, the suit growing out of statement by i the Chicago paper about Mr. Ford in f~ the early part of the war. Alfred George Mason and his wifa Winifred Mason, convicted in Februe ary, 1917, on a charge of conspiracy e to murder Lloyd George, British pre1 mler, have been released from prison on request of the premier. 6 On the occasion of the kaiser's birth* day last Monday, Dr. Moses Steam of 5 Philadelphia, suggested that the kalf ser be sent a turkey buxxard staffed . with poison gas, with a little mercury J gravy, and let him have some cartridge ? pie sprinkled with ground glass. s Cooper Calls Convention,?Governor r Cooper has called for the holding of a t convention of the cotton growing states e in New Orleans next Tuesday. The ; call has been sent out to the governors t of the different states, and it reads - as follows: "Under present conditions and such as are likely to obtain In the future the farmers of the cotton states can not produce cotton as cheaply as hersto1 fore. The time has come when cotton must be produced only to meet rel quirements of consumption, to the end - that we may always have a ready and i waiting market The farmers of my f state are of the opinion that the acre* i age of the 1919 crop should not ex > ceed 25.000,000 sores. Thoy wlafa to i Join with representatives from othar > cotton states in creating a movement to bring about acreage reduction and I secure a better price for cotton now on hand. This is one of the moat tm' portant questions before the people of ' the south and requires prompt and > united action on the part of the cotton ' growing states. It is sincerely hoped : that each of the cotton statee will join in this movement whole heartedly. I therefore have decided to ask the gov ernor of each cotton state to appoint ~"~"* i two delegates, one farmer and one i banker, with alternates, from each : cotton growing congressional district to attend a meeting at New Orleans, La., February 4, to formulate and adopt a prar jal plan suitable to all the states, and that will bring a satisfactory adjustment of present condl' tlons. May I ask that you appoint delegates from your state and notify me of your action." To Have Charge of Rood Legisla* ture. Speaker Cothran has announced the following to the steering committee in the house on good roads legls1 lation in conformity with a resolu' tlon adopted earlier In the session to ' assemble all bills proposed and from the number to evolve on comprehensive plan: R B. Besler, chairman and J. D. 1 Cades, McCormlck, members from the - state at large: 1 First congressional district, W. F. r Burguson, Charleston. 1 Second district, J. L. Walker, John1 ston. 5 Third district, M. R McDonald, Wal' halla. Fourth district, J. B. Atkinson, Spar' tanburg. Fifth district. John R Hart, York. 5 Sixth district D. I* McLaurin, McColl. Seventh district J. A. Berry, Or' angeburg. ' | m , Big Vote in Germany. Full returns 1 from the German elections show the ' majority socialists polled 11,112,410 ' votes, or 39.3 per cent of the total party, formerly the centrists, cast [ 338,844 or 18.8 per cent of the total. The German national party cast 2,739,196 or 9.62 per cent. The independent social strength was shown by the fact that the party vote , was 9.78 per cent of the total for the country, or 2,188,305. The German people's party cast the smallest vote of any of the larger organizations, its total number 1,106,408, or 3.8 per cent. The remainder of the votes was cast by smaller party organizations. The democrats polled 6,652,980 votee, or 19.5 per cent Special Committee of the Peace Cen* 1 fere nee. Premier Clemenceau has announced the following committees of l.?.l^a r\f i trie congress 10 ?.-vuuuv.i ?uh-. the work to be done by the congress: Britain, Sir Gordon Hewart; France, Capt Andre Tardleu and Ferdinand Larnaud; Italy, Vittorto Soclalola and , Deputy Ralmonde. Reparation United States, B. M. Baruch, John W. Davis and Vance 1 McCormlck; Great Britlan, William Morris Hughes; Sir John Simon and Baron Cunliff; France L. L. Klotz, L. P. Locheur and A. F. Lebrun; Italy, 1 Antonla Salandra and General BadogHo: Japan, Baron Maklno and Baron [ Nobuakl. Internatlon labor legislation United States, E. N. Hurley and Samuel Gom1 pere; Great Britain. George Ntcoll Barnes and Ian Malcolm; France, m.. Colllard and L. P. Locheur; Italy, Sienor Des Planches and Signor rnbrini; Japan, M. Otlchlan and M. Oka. Regulations of porta, waterways t and railroads United States, Henry t White; Great Britain, Sir John Simon; 1 France, Andre Volas and Albert Calre1 lite: Italy, Bignor Greepa and Signor - de Martlon; Japan M. Tamakawa and t Col. Sato.