Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, December 13, 1918, Image 1

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YORKYILIE ENQUIRER. 18BOTED aKMI-WEKKLT. L. M. GKIST'S SONS, Publishers. - % (familj lltirspajer: ?<n the promotion of th^ political, facial, Jgrienltoral and (Commercial Snlerests of the feoplg. j ter"?^e"?p^"vkN<-e?"nce ESTABLISHED I8S5 YORK, 9. C. FR1 DAY. DECEMBER 13. 1918. NO.'l 66"<~. ^ - - ?j 1 n""?nrn man oral/ nil i Icuuae its constitutionality Is Question THOSE AMERICAN MARINES! Eight Thousand Men Suffered Over' Four Thousand Casualties , * ( BODIES BLOCKED ROAD TO PARIS l . ; i Report of Secretary Daniels as to the Work of Navy Shows Splendid Work i of That Arm of the Service?The ' i Programme for Next Three Yearm. ( Willi :i htory of brilliant achieve- i mntx of the American navy in thej. war. Secretary Daniels couples, in his , annual report, an urgent recommendation for continued naval cxi>nnsion to ] meet the demands of peace for nation- , al and international work on the sea. j Through neatly all ot tin- 114 print- ^ ed pages the secretary tells in brief i phrases of the navy's part in the war. of the doing of the seemingly impossl- \ tile through teamwork. He speaks of t the mighty accomplishment of trans- t porting 2,000,t?i?0 m< n to France, with- , out the loss of an eastbound troop shij> t through enemy action, and he devotes , u graphic chapter to the Marine Hri- i gade, which, as all the world knows, t blocked the last Prussian advance on ? Paris and started the German retreat >. that ended with the war. i This reference to the future closes i the report. i "The day is not far distant when the i world will witness an end of eompoti- < tlve building between nations of mighty weapons of war. In the peace < treaty there will undoubtedly be in- i corporated President Wilson's proposal ^ for a reduction of armament 'to the 1 lowest point consistent with domestic safety.'" t Dirge Peace Talks In Store. "Navies will still be needed as an in- i ternatlonul police force to compel I compliance with the decree of an in- j ternatioiial tribunal which will be set i up to decide differences between na- < tions. Naval vessels will have large I peace tasks of survey and discovery and protection, in addition to police duty of an international as well as of j a national character. I "Inasmuch as the United States is the richest of the great nations and ( has suffered less in war than any of , the Allied powers. It will devolve upon ( this country to make a contribution to f the navy to preserve the peace of the , world commensurate with its wealth, , its commerce, its crowing and expand- , Ing merchant marine, and its leader- | ship in the council of free people. It j Is therefore our duty now, not Indeed | to enter upon any new and ambitious j naval programme, but to go forward steadily upon the lines of naval in- j crease to which the country commit- , tod Itself by the adoption three years , ago of the first far-reaching construct- | *lve naval programme In the history of : the republic. ( "I have recommended to this con- | gross the adoption of another three- j year-programme substantially like the one authorized in 1915. Hut the victory , of the Allies and United States should , and will. I sincerely trust, within a few , years make it no longer necessary for ( any nation tinder whip and spur to , - ? - l...l?b? . bunion us taxpayers iu mm*. ... build, In compotltitive construction, bigger lighting ships and more of them than any other nation can construct." Mr. Daniels shows that the new $600,000,Oth> three-year building programme he has proposed will provide 156 additional naval ships, ten of ill- m dreadnoughts ami six battle cruisers, and the others to be in such distribution of approved types as the department may deem best. Taking up his story of the navy and the war. the secretary declares the service was "ready from stem to stern" when the United States entered the conflict. From the day when the llrst three-year programme was adopted In 1016, he adds, "Congress has given everything that could be desired to insure the effectiveness of the naval arm" The report shows that Vice Admiral Sims, who was on his way to Dondon as head of the American naval establishment in the war zone even before war was declared, is soon to be named full admiral by the president in recognition of his services, the high character of which the secretary says it is yet too early to give proper place. As concrete evidence of what was accomplished, the report shows that on October 1 there were 33s United States naval ships abroad, with 5.0O0 officers and 70.UOO enlisted men, or a greater force than the total strength of the navy when war was declared, while the American righting craft had steamed an average of 626.000 miles per month 1 1- .v., ....... Thl< .<1.1 nrtf inrdn.lo . the cruisers and battleships on escort ? duty. Of the tlrst destroyers to go J over, the Porter steamed 64.473 miles. .< the Oonnynham 63.952. and the Davis f 63.015. t The major naval operations of the -I war so far as the United States is concerned is Riven as the convoying of t more than 2.000.000 troops to Europe i without the loss by enemy action of a r single east bound transport. This ae- . complishment. the report says, will stand as a monument to both the army t and the navy as the greatest and most 1 difficult troop transporting effort i which has ever been conducted across < seas. Up to November 1. it was shown, s 924.57S troops had been carried to t France In American transports under i American convoy with no losses out- ? bound and only three vessels sunk on i the road home. From November 1 to i date of the report there had been 289 i additional sailings of American troop I and supply ships, the average being < one ship every five hours. < Writing with pride of the marine I brigade in France, the secretary' shows I that with only 8.000 men of the corps i engaged, the casualties numbered 69 < officers and 1,531 men dead. "8 officers t and 2.435 seriously wounded, while but < 57 marines are reported officially as captured by the enemy, illustrating: the desperate character of the fighting in 1 which the brigade participated and the i fact that It was always advancing. ! "To the United States marines," Mr. I Daniels savs. "fighting side by side with equally brave and equally cour- I ageous men In the American army, to that faithful sea and land forces of the ' navy fell the honor of taking over the i inss where the blow of the Prussian would strike the hardest, the line that was nearest Paris, and where, should i breach occur, all would be lost. \V?rltl Knows Marine Held Line. "The world knows today that the L'nited States marines held that line: :hat they blocked the advance that was rolling on toward Paris at a rate .if six or seven miles a day; that they net th?- attack in American fashion md with American heroism; that marines and soldiers of the American trrny threw back the crack guard division of Germany, broke their advance. and then, attacking, drovo them L?a<-k In th<- U'KinninK of u r< treat that ivas not to end until the 'cease firing* signal sounded for the end of the world's greatest war." A striking picture of the fighting in lielleau wood, now renamed in honor )t the marine brigade, is given. The Ilact* was a JuriKie lllieu mm uuviouv;uii nests, the secretary says, impossible to reach with artillery or grenades. "There was only one way," he coninues. "to wipe out these nests, by ayonet. And by this method were hey wiped out. for United States ma-' iocs, bare-chested, shouting their batle cry of "K-e-e-e-e y-a-a-h-h-h yip!" barged straight into the murderous ire from these guns and won! Out of I he number that charged, in more than me instance, only one would reach the! stronghold- There, he would either till or capture the defenders of the test, and then swinging the gun about n its position, turn it against the renalning Cirrnan positions in the foist. "In all the history of the marine orps there is no such battle as that >ne in Relleau wood. The heroism and loggedness of that battle are unparalleled." The report describes the laying of he North sea mine barrage, wholly an \tnerican enterprise. While there is no ivav of ascertaining definitely what ihat 250-mile barrier did to enemy submarines. Mr. Daniels says there is reason to believe that ten U-boats "had tided their career at the barrage be'ore the middle of October." 11-Inch I latteries Dealt With. The building and manning of the 14neh rille naval batteries working with :he armies in France is also described. The depth bomb has proved the most rffeetive means of combatting the subnarines. the report states, and It shows hat American enterprise was rospondble for very largely increasing that effectiveness. The early 50-pound barge hor.ihs were crude and of low lestructive force compared to the 300lioutel end C00-pour>d charges now bong produced. Many Allied ships have jeeti equipped with these American mprovenn nts. Another ordnance development that is noted is the perfection of 16-inch rillcs for all new battleships. They ivill make these vessels, it is said, the leavicst^umed craft In the world with i i bro.-dslde projectile weighing 25,300 bounds against 17.50S pounds for the Pennsylvania, the biggest and most lowcrful craft now in commission. To Captain F. 1*. Jessop, engineering ifticer of the New York navy yard, the report gives credit for having recommended the revolutionary practice of lcctric welding when repair of the latnaged Ccrman shipping was underaken. Careful estimates have shown hat this one innovation saved twelve months in time and $20.0"0,000 in notiey. while the ships thus made luickly available carried half a million oldiers to France. Another engine ring acnicvenn nt ?i ho year is tho completion a?d testing >f the lirst electric-drive battleship, the <c\v Mexico- Despite adverse criticism vhith met the determination to emdoy this mechanism on battle craft, he roi?ort says, the New Mexico has tot only met every requirement, but ins passed many additional tests, with he result that "in this unique vessel h ITiiied States navy has a battleship vliicSi In s no peer in the world's naios, not only for economic propulsion ind loss liability to serious dcrangenent but her military suiierlority in rreatrr maneuvering power and in roased underwater protection." front is given Hear Admiral Griffin, ongiicer-in-chlef of the navy, for this acoinplishnient. The report shows that four battlehips. one battle cruiser, two fuel ships, >ne transport, one gunboat, one r.mnunition ship. 232 destroyers, 58 subnarinos. 112 fabricated patrol boats ;eagles), including 12 for the Italian government; 92 submarine chasers, in luding 50 for Franco; 51 mine sweep>rs and numerous tugs and harbor raft, wore contracted for during the ear. t'p to October 1 one gunboat. 93 lestroyers, 29 submarines, 26 mine iwcepers" and four eagles had been attached. The additions to the navy luring the year Included two battlehips, 36 destroyers. 2S submarines, 155 submarine chasers and 13 mine weepers. The actual number of 110oot chasers now in commission, in-luding thi>se delivered to France, is 106. Mr. Daniels expresses appreciation of he work done by George Creel, chairnt iho ortnitnitip-> nn tiublic infor nation, and has this to say of the Vmcrlcun press: "The most intimate relationship bewoen Mr. Creel and the department las been productive of genuine; co-op ration in a service that was new in >ur country and not easy to carry out successfully. The spirit of the press, vhich- patriotically responded to the tppeal for voluntary censorship, cantot be too highly commended. There vas full freedom of the press with full ecognition by the press of the governnent's desire to withhold no informa;ion that did not disclose military se-| 'rets. The press had an appreciation )f this necessity and, though having tnowledge of movements of ships and roops and other military operations, lever violated confidence. On the oth?r hand, the press gave helpful suggestions which were invaluable to Mr. ?reel and the department." "tJrnornl Staff" UndesirableThe report shows clearly that Mr. Daniels has no Intention of proposing :n adoption of the naval general staff .?,i??? tvnt tiovn hfon mr.de. He >UJ?6V8?luuo IIIU1 finds that the navy organization has stood the strain of war without faltering. "The teamwork has extended from the secretary's office to the deck of the smallest motorboat; from the ranking admiral to the lowest recruit. The men 1 in Washington who have been responsible for the direction of the navy's preparations and naval operations on every sea and at every shore base are j the members of the advisory council created some three years ago. "During evt ry period of pre-war preparation and of prosecution of the i war. in both personnel and material. ' every member of the council has had one thought, and that has been how to I secure the best co-operation and to obtain the best results." SOLDIERING IN FRANCE. Hickory Grove Boy Tell* What He Was Doing When Armistice Came. < SOLDI Kit lN(i IN FItANCK Somewhere in France. November 13. i ?I am located in a beautiful little i French village, the name and location i of which I would like to tell you; but i which I must withhold because if I < should write the information the cen- I sor would strike It out notwithstanding ; the fact that the armistice has been signed, and tiie war is about over. There are lots of things I would like to tell the readers of The Enquirer, mainly because I believe they would be interesting to the people who have not seen what we are seeing; but under the rules most of these would be promptly stricken out. and I have no certainty that even the things I am going to write will ever "get by"; but anyhow here goes for a partial description of the start of the 3Isth Field Artillery band, in which I um a musician, to the battle front, and what has become of that trip. Hut before 1 go any further let me say that we are as happy as a bunch of larks, not thinking of much else than the promise of an early return to our old homes back in York county, mine being not far front the town of Hickory Grove, which from here seems greater, more glorious and magnificent titan Paris used to seem to me from there. Just now it looks like the war is going to end before we get into the fight. I am not going to say that I am glad or 1 am sorry. I really do not feel one way or the other. I have long since b?-en reconciled to whatever comes, whether it be moving, marching, playing. feasting, hungering, sleeping soundly or staying awake, and if it should be the battle front, it would be all in the day's work- I don't want any bullets or shells or gas; but if one of them should get me for fair, there would not be anything to worry about, and If it did not get me for quite so fair, why I would always be looking forward to getting well again and so there you are. Just now, with nothing to worry ubout. and looking forward to the time when I will be back with the homefolks and friends, as I said before I am as happy as a lark. But even if we have not had a taste of th%.act44^-fighting of the Boches, , we know that we are in the war. Let me leu il lime ox our inp io hum iuuoc where we have been switched aside on 1 our way to the front. There came orders to move at 3.30 ' o'clock next morning. That meant that ; each man had to pack up all his be- ' longings, including his bed clothes, and consequently there was no sleep that ' night. Don't see how there could have ' been, do you? Reville sounded on the ' dot, and after eating a little we hiked ' to the railroad station, reaching there at 6 o'clock. But the train was not ready and we waited until 3.30 p. m., without anything to eat. ' There were thirty men in our coach, each man with a full pack. The pack j consisted of three blankets, bed sack, shelter-half tent, pole and pins, mess ' kit, gas mask, overcoat, raincoat, extra pair of shoes, rubl>cr boots, steel helmet, six towels, extra underwear, tobacco, cigars, stationery, etc. In addition to this the musicians had their ( instruments, music and music stands extra. The little car in which thirty men , were packed was about half as large as one of our cars hack home and did J not contain much over 100 square feet of iloor space. Our provisions were piled in one corner- They consisted of , pork and beans, corned beef or willy, and a sack of bread. t After the train started swaying and bumping over a road that was none too t smooth, the tirst thing on the pro- | gramme was supper. We opened our j canned goods and started at it. You t might imagine how we went at it. t "Throw me a piece of bread," yells a ? I fAllA,,* ,, ? , 1 It n.fie t V, ?, Sitnnntut it , " "" I - "? ? ... ?,?- .. , should fall on the floor of a car that i was carrying horses the day before, t That makes no difference with us in s the army, for bread is bread. After supper it was sleep. Imagine ; the joke. Down went blankets of thir- j ty men in hardly more than 100 feet < of floor space in a car rocking like a v tossing ship. The remarks, yes, I will y give you some of them. "You there i hogs, are trying to take the whole ; car!" "How the hell do you expect a ; man to lie down when there is not ( room to stand?" Sergeant Hand piled i himself on top of the supplies at one j, I end. I was partly under two men and i partly on top of two more. "Take your ? damned hobnails out of my face." ; "That is my neck you have your leg j on." These are some of the remarks, t In spite of it all one young fellow from 3 Chicago raised a snore, and they threw pork and beans and beef cans at him- I In fact they pelted him with every- 1 thing that was available. : After we had been riding for twenty ' hours in this manner, news came of 1 the signing of the armistice and that 1 is why we have been switched off into i this beautiful French village. We are i having a pleasant time here, getting < plenty to eat, and being hospitably treated: but for me I am thinking of I getting back home. i Grover H. Brown. < "Dad." you're going to get a letter ( soon. Nearly 15,000,000 letters have < left France, and many of them are < "father's letters," Christmas greeting to the men at home who have spent Just ' as anxious momentB as the mothers, but have been given less consideration, i Every soldier was asked to write a let- ] tor to "dati." on November 24, and the fathers were requested to write to their sons the same day. The Stars and I Stripes, the official organ of the American expeditionary force, organic- . ed the plan, and expected the letters to be delivered before Christmas. In the week between November 26 and De- i cember 2, more than 8,500,000 letters ( 1 left France. The previous week 6,000,000 were mailed. FHE REAL GEN. PERSHINl Imerlcan Commander Every Inch Soldier MAN OF ACTION BATBER THAN WOBD Old Timer at Camp Sevier Claim That the Newspaper Pictures of th General Are All Wrong?He Ws Once in Close Association Wit Pershing and Knows What He I Talking About. ^orreepootteooe of The YorkvilU Enquirer Camp Sevier Dec. 10?Did you kno that General Pershing's left should* us lower than his right and that h liuays hies the left shoulder of hi l'oats "built uji," that is padded in 01 iler to maintain that superb figure < his? Sometime ago I sent out a stor ibout an old regular who was former ly sergeant of General l'ershing guard and who is now stationed i Camp Sevier. 1 had another pow wow with that old timer a night c two ago una ne tola me tnis ana man uthcr interesting things about th famous American commander. He 1 man. is this old soldier who has betin the game since May 3rd, 1896. H is rough and unpolished in a waythat is. he wouldn't be an arc lighUi it meeting of the Ladies' Aid societ >r at an extraordinary social sessio >f the "Crust Buqters' Club;" He' >ne of these fellows who left the horn tree for this reason or that, years agi joined the army and stuck to it. He' Dne of those fellows who has plcke up a wonderful stock of exact infot nation through observation, travel an hard experience; one of those me who has "guts," as soldiers say; wh would go Into battle if the enemy wer ten to one, and fight and die?happ in dying for the fellows around then As a general thing two out of ever Ive words he speaks are oaths. Bu they come so naturally that you don consider him profane or vulgar whe tie talks. Somehow you realize tho the oaths are a part of his languas ind that somehow he's different fror you and the rest. His eye Is clear an fray and hard and he loks you a iver with one glance. He's had hi ling all right, and there are many in :idents in his life perhaps, that woul nake him blush if they come to ligh He isn't the kind that would den them if they did, though; because h iiatcs a lie worse than Anything els* He's a man all right; better than th nort of us and as good as the best c us. He cusdes but he doesn't smok igarettes. And I smoke cigarettes. "All this stuff In the paper aboii General Pershing saying this an 3eneraJ Pershing saying that, I tommy rot," he said to me . a fw fee Some -newspaper guy, sonny, is shoot ng that stuff for the general. HI alk and his sayings wouldn't look ex u-tly right in print just as he says 'en . ? J T onmeo ontrt n nAU'Q TAO nor fpllfl! s along with him shaping the stuf The general doesn't have much to sa tnyhow, and I know darn well h lasn't talked one tenth as much a he statements I have seen as havin ome from him would make It appeal I'ertshlng Is a man who does thing ind who doesn't talk about what h loes. It makes me laugh when I se stories sihout his hobnobbing witl laig and Foch and Petain and al hem other dudes at this social af air and that. I don't believe a won bout it. He ain't that kind of a fel ow and I'll bet he ain't dolling aroun vlth those birds any more than h an help. "The general when I first started t soldiering with him was a brigadier ?ut it was just as easy for a buci srivatc to go up and talk to him as i le were also a buck. If you ever wen hrough one campaign with Pcrshlni ,ou hud in him a friend for life. Al le ever asks of any man under hiti s that that man have his gun goo tml clean and that he use that gui vhen he gives the word. He dldn' rive u darn what you did outside o hut. "He don't want any mollycoddle tround him. He likes those kind c "allows who can sleep on the groun n zero weather with their feet towar he lire, get up in the morning, tak ft- their shirts and wash their face Lnd bodies in water that is so col hat the Icicles form on the hair an :hest after the bath. He likes bea ;hose men who wouldn't shiver afte mch a bath. "Do you remember about two month igo 1 told you that if Pershing eve ;ot them Germans to fighting in th >pen it would be all off with them an iuiun quick at that? Well, you se vhat has happened? He didn't knot mything ubout that trench warfar rusincss und i knew darn well as soo; us he went over there that he woul ry to get 'ent out of the ditches an f he did it was good night! He's th ;roatest open fighter in the world ind I'd rather be a buck private un ier him than to be a colonel unde iny other commander in the work \na remt'inui'r, uu uiu ucau vi men :y-three years in the game Is tellin rou all this. "In the Held he lives just like his me ive. There ain't any of this thing c om tollable air tight quarters five o six or seven blankets for the officer with almost any other old thing fc he men as it is in some other place: 1 wish you could see him make an in spcction of quarters. Just say fc instance, he were inspecting thl rompany here: "He would go into a tent, his aide behind him, each of them with penc ind note book in hand. The captai >f the company under lnspectlo would of course be with him. With :ouple of glances he would take 1 nerything in that tent from the roc jf the tent to the bed and the shoe inder it "Let him spy a little hole in the Lent made by a flying spark, and be lieve me if it's there he'd see it H turns around suddenly and says t " 'How long baa that hole bee there? ' . "The company commander wiggle and squirms and say*, probably, don't know, sir.* " 'How long since you have inspect D*d these quarters?' flres J. J. quick b ?ad sudden like. * " 'About three weeks ago.' replies d the company commander. F 3 " 'What are your duties, anyhow?" b flashes General Pershing. v " 'Why, sir, I am supposed?' says t; the company commander, and if he P _ says that he's a goner. Don't you ? 15 never tell General Pershing 'You're n supposed.' It makes him madder'n tl ls hell. If he asks you a question, reply g straight from the shoulder and let it a 18 i|o at that. ti ' "But back to the inspection. He'll h look that company commander over d It quick like and say: 'Who commission- o cd you anyhow 7* T The company commander will tell * ^ him and then he'll say. 'well he was a r a fool to commission you.' F ^ "The inspection Is over and in a 1 ls few days that company commander a will have to answer charges of incom- C )f potency and neglect of duty. That's ? y Pershing. He loves his men and he P looks after their comfort .all right, h , Why I have known him to take the o ^ blankets away from the officers and li give them to the men. ri "I never saw a soldier who wouldn't tl go the limit of human endurance and tl * then some for General Pershing, tl IC There's something uncanny unnatural n n about the man. I never heard one e e knock him about anything or lay it _ down on htm. and I guess if there ti Were any of that kind I would know o oj>ont It: because I have soldiered un- o der him both In Mexico and the Phil- a , ippines. C "Don't fall for the stuff the papers v u are printing: about General Pershing e ' saying this and General Pershing say- c' Ing that. You know what I menn? h all this slush they attribute to him. w It ain't so. Pershing don't talk. He n n does. He ain't no parlor dude either f< and he don't savvy parlor dudes. n "He's a soldier." Jas. D. Grist. ? y ' *' a CHILE AND PERU. cl y _ it Dispute Explained From the View s( 't point of Citizen of Chile. a By Salvero Salcedo, correspondent of (j lt La Xaclon. of Santiago, e Having read with due attention the n "oonfectioned" cablegrams and the d partial articles in favor of Peru which p 11 appeared in the newspapers of this ' Is city with reference to the Chilean-Pe- r' i- ruviant question I question that I be a d permitted to take up some historic a t. p^nts regarding this old difference, y a\ I noticed a manifest intention to o l?ad the public astray as to the true s. f#ts. P ic For some years Chile and Bolivia if c^ imed the possession of some terrie tc y north of the Chilean province of ? A icama. situated between the Pa- tl it ci s joceon. and the Andes. In 1866 si d ai agreement for the boundary* limits b Is w i signed to put an end to these dif- C W ft infces: eKht years later a second si A rmnf lr > agreed upon, In that pact. In spite nr - of this the asperity In the relations of N s the two governments continued, be- a - cause the government of Chile had to it ?. make frequent claims in support of oi v the rights and Interests of her citl- tl f- zens living on the border of the Bol- oi >' ivian frontier. One of these claims, ei c ienored bv Bolivia, gave place to the si s incident that in 1879 Chile declared C ST the agreements of boundary limits If r* null and void. C( 8 Peru, presenting herself as a friend h e of Chile and Bolivia, offered her med- ti e iatlon to avoid war, and to this effect v h sent a special envoy to the captain of 11 Chile. About this time It was discov- s< - cred that since 1875 a secret alliance, si J offensive and defensive, had existed si - between Peru and Bolivia. Whf>n the ei d government of Chile became aware of c< c this, she considered the said allies as In enemies and declared war upon them II 0 on April 5, 1879. si : Peru had a navy stronger than that ci k of Chile, while Bolivia for her part r! f had a larger and veteran army. Chile e< t had lived in peace, except for her war tl S with Spain In 1866, when she helped n " Peru to drive the Spaniards out of ir n her territory, while Peru and Bolivia ai d had lived in their arms in perpetual n civil war, Peruvians and Bolivians ir 1 took pride in esteeming themselves oi >f bellicose people and looked down upon n the pacific Chileans, who. according g 8 to them, were strong for work but not f? f for war. At that time the small tl 11 Chilean army was modeled after the lr d French army, guided by the same oi e roles and tactics, even to using the t< 8 uniform of the French, and was not ^ d Prussianized," as stated by an after- fl d noon paper of this city. Chile trl- rr it iimphed In all the battles until the r capital of Peru was occupied by her ?w on the 17th of January, 1881. The a s Permian army dispersed and each tl r general declafed himself chief, just as 8| e it happened In Mexico with Villa. Za- si tl poto and otherB. without one citizen a c able to assert himself and take in p v hand the reins of power- In view of e this fact, part of the Chilean army re- p n malned In Lima to prevent the guer- p d rilla generals from coming in and f< d making trouble, and at the same time rj e sent troops to combat with the Peru- tl : vlan chiefs who prevented a national C( - government from being formed. Just a i as the United States did Cuba after tl 1. her victory over Spain and as she will - now continue to do In Russia until a n S stable government is formed In that & country. al n After these chiefs were overcome ?f by Chilean forces, a Peruvian govern- p r ment was organized with whom a y s peace treaty was signed in October, e] * 1554. wnicn was connnn^ wuh c> ? approval of the congress of April 1884. si i- By virtue of this peace Tacna and ^ >r Arte a were to remain in submission to f( a the Chilean authorities for a period of ten years, after which time the popu* latlon was to decide by popular vote il between the domination either of b n Chile or Peru. The country that ? n would take the provinces would pay si a $10,000,000 to the other. When this F n period of ten years had expired. Peru, " >f on account of her constant poor gov- Q is ernment, could not get together the tl 810,000,000 required to bring the pleb- ti it Isclte to an Issue. For this reason it * i- had to be postponed. ? le Each time that a Peruvian person* i o age desired to become a president he s promised the people to bring the pleb- ? n Isclte to an Issue, but once that he is a In power, he does not fulfill his pro- n ss rrtse either for lack of funds or fear'I Ing that he will be Unsuccessful, in consequence of which he would be ext pel led from power. This comedy has a een played time and time again, ana rill continue to be so as long as Chile oca not cast aside her magnanimity, 'oreseeing the events brought about y the victory of the Allies, the Peruians declared themselves in favor of he cause which had to triumph in the resent war, so as to profit to the therlea of President Wilson, and by leans of erroneous statements arouse he sympathies of the Allies, and thus ain what she was unable to recover in Just contest, according to pending reaties. To compare Tacna and Ariea with Janco and Lorraine is as much out f place as it would be to compare Vxna. Puerto Rico or the Philippine* .ith the French provinces. Alsace nd Lorraine were snatched from ranee m a war or conquest, instead, 'aenn and Arica were {riven to Peru s an indemnity that she made to fhlle to repay for the sacrifices of a ar that she was dragged into for the urpose of taking territory away from er, believing Chile to be a weak ountry. Tacna and Arica will remain i the possession of Chile or will ho etumed to Peru in accordance with fie existing treaties just as soon as he inhabitants decide to which country tiey wish to belong. The continuous evolutions in Peru and change of govrnment prevented any nation being iduced to risk any capital in a counry so disorganized. But the victory f the ChJlean arms and the change f ownership of these provinces were ppjauded by the civilized world: 'hile opens the doors of her now proinccs to her national as well as forign capital. If Chile had not taken harge of these provinces, they would ave continued non-productive for the orld, for the reason that Peru took o advantage of them, nor did sheof?r an opportunity to others who wore tore enterprising to develop same, rntll recently Cuba, the Philippines nd Alaska were of little advantage to ivillzation, with the exception of a sw privileged characters who reaped ome benefit from their riches. Now lat the United States has organized nd administers them, they are proueing for the world. Chile has done s much in the ex-provinces of Peru. Chile docs not wish nor does she ermlt a war to break out Ln South merlca: she is the most powerful ountry of the Pacific of the south, nd she has the means for preventing ny conflagration. INADEQUATE SALARIES. ay of State Officers is Now Ridiculously Small. Realizing that the ridiculously low ilaries paid to its public servants by "> utntn Tnr the nnst two decades tiould not continue, writes the Columla correspondent to The News and ourier, there was a meeting of the Late officers In the office of the slnk>$^.Iund commission laat^ Friday lorning, presided over by Governor tanning. at which time It decided to sk the incoming general assembly to lateriallv increase the compensation f the officers of South Carolina. For lat purpose a committee, composed f Thomas II. Peoples., attorney penpal, as chairman, and W. A. McSwaln late Insurance commissioner: S. T. arter. state treasurer, and M. J. Milt. secretary of the sinking fund nmmlssion, was appointed to draft a ill for presentation to the Legisla- j ire on its opening day when it con- , enes here January 14. It is believed that If the general as;mblv enacts the law increasing the ilaries during the first week of Its , ?ssion and if It is signed by the gov- . rnor before January 20. 1920, the in- . jmlng administration can have irger salaries. The constitution of 195 provides that the compensation of tate officers "shall be neither inreased nor diminished during the peod for which they have been electI.". Some legal authorities interpret lis as meaning that there could be 0 Increase after the general election 1 November, when the state officers re designated. There have been various efforts to icrease the compensation of the state fflcers during the last few years, otably during the last session of the eneral assembly, but they always died, the legislature evidently taking le position that South Carolina Is ivish with her public servants. No ne thing has held South Carolina up ) ridicule more than the niggardly ray in which she has paid her ofcers. The governor receives the lunlflcent salary of $3,000 a year, 'hich cannot possibly pay his expends. and the other state officials, with few exceptions, arc drawing down ie handsome salary of $1,900. To how the absurdity of the thing, the tate treasurer, receives $1,900 a year ' 1 .. i I f.i wiuH o ciirr?tv nQ nc IS rtMJUlI vu iu tuiauoi. ? ond for $90,000. It is likely that an effort also will e made to have the General Assemly tnerease the pay of the clerical >rces of the state officers. Practiijly none of these clerks, rcpresonng character and efficiency, is reflvlng what he is due. Many of them re working1 through patriotic moIres. The general assembly has recogIzed that there Is an Insufficiency of ompensatlon paid the officials of the Late, for the recent officers created irry larger salarlea The state wareouse commissioner receives $3,000 a ear. as does the state bank examinr, the chairman of the state tax ommlsslon and the secretary of the Late board of charities and correct>ns receive $2,400 per annum each. >r their compensation. William Hohenzollern already has een sufficiently punished, but It is esential his part in causing the war hould be clearly established, says 'hllipp Scheidemann, formerly Gerlan secretary of finance and colonies, i an Interview with the representative f the London Daily Express. He said he establishment of a state tribunal 9 try all persons guilty of causing the rar is being discussed, but must be ecided upon by the national assembly. I err Scheidemann, according to the Express, said further, that Dr. W. S. Olf, foreign minister, remains In the overnment because It is believed that ie has the confidence of Great Britain nd America. The eventual govern lent Germany will have will be repubIcan in form, "a United States of Gerlany," Herr Scheidemann predicted. President Wilson Is to visit the pope X Rome on December 21. Ktmtu WAR IAA DILL Summary of Report of Finance Committee ot Senate HOUSE BILL IS GREATLY REDUCED The Bill as Originally Drawn Was Assuming the Continuation of the War?Senate Has Made a Complete Revision?Question of 1920 Taxes is Causing Controversy. Effects of the nation's transition from a war basts and of prohibition legislation on the present and future problems of taxation are outlined in the senate finance committee's report on the revised war revenue bill, tiled by Chairman Simmons. The report explains the steps taken to revise the house bill so as to raise by taxation next year $5,978,466,000. instead of $7,500,000,000, as planned by the house before the signing of the armistice and the enactment of prohibition legislation. Proposed taxes in 1920 of $4,000,000,000 is the reason for fixing them at this time, and the manner in which they will be raised, also are explained. The most distinct charges made by the senate in the house draft of the bill are noted by the committee's report as follows: Elimination of the 6 per cent corporation tax on undistributed corporate earnings, fixing a 20 per cent maximum on bona fide sales of mines and oil and gas wells, elimination of the tax on new state ami municipal bonds; substitution of a single war excess profits tax for the alternative. Senate debate on the measure began Tuesday with a statement by Senator Simmons. A dissenting report on the plan to fix 1920 taxes in the pending bill will be filed by Senator Penrose of Pennsylvania for the Republican finance committee. Separate views also will be presented by Senator Smoot of Utah and La Follctte of Wisconsin. Republicans. A considerable part of Senator Simmons' report is devoted to the plan for reducing taxes in 1920 to $4,000,000,000. The country has a right to know how soon and in what degree the burden of the war taxes can prudently be reduced," the report says. "During this period of reconstruction business, particularly new business, is entitled to go forward without the bur <len of 80 per cent tax on war profits. In time of peace the existence of an 80 per cent profits tax would be an absolute evil for the perpetuation or continuance of which no sufficient reason has or could be given " For 1920 the report estimates a reduction of $1,400,000,000 by eliminating the 80 per cent war profits tax, reduction of the excess profits rates and reduction from 12 to 8 per cent in the normal rate on Individual incomes and of the corporation tax. A further reduction of about $500,000,000, it was estimated, will occur from miscellaneous sources and shrinkage In beverage revenues. "The main outline of the programme proposed by the committee thus becomes clear," the report states. "For the fiscal year 1919 it is planned to raise nearly $4,600,000,000 from income and profit taxes and something over $1,400,000,000 from other sources; for the fiscal year 1920 it is planned to raise somewhat less than $3,000,000,000 from income and profits taxes, and about $1,000,000,000 from other sources. About the general wisdom of such a programme we entertain no serious doubt. It is imperative that profits for the year 1918 be heavily taxed. This is not only necessary, but it is equitable in accordance with sound public policy. The profits realized during the year 1918 are in large part war profits; they are now in the pockets of the taxpayer; they should contribute heavily before they are dissipated or re-invested toward the payment of the - m .1 !. I.. cxpeiiars ui iiic nui iu mui.ii u> iuie?< measure they are attributable. "But it is equally important that these special taxes should be reduced as the occasion which Inspired and justified them recedes into the past. To fail adequately to tax the war profits of 1918 would constitute a manifest miscarriage of fiscal justice. Not to provide now for the reduction of the war profits tax would be equally Inexcusable." In addition to the tax reductions due to the fact that the government now copes with peace instead of war conditions. prohibition is expected to reduce revenue return's greatly. Beverage taxes under the house bill were estimated to raise $1,137,000,000 during their first 12 months of operation and $850,000,000 for the 1919 fiscal year. "At the present time under changed conditions," the report states, "it is possible to count only upon $500,000,000 for 1918-1919 and $93,000,000 for 1919-1920 from this source." "Analyzing in detail the committee's radical changes, Senator Sin mons' report explained that the revised individual surtax rates graduated upward 1 per cent on each $1,000 over $6,000 are more equitable than the arbitrary graduation of the house bill. The bill retains the house provisions for income taxation of salaries, including those possibly of the president and Federal Judges, legality of which, the report states, is left to the courts if the question is raised. The report, however, says that the house clause for Federal taxation of new state and mu nlcipal bonds was stricken out as "it seems unwise for congress to attempt to impose this tax upon the obligations of state and municipalities as long as the states are not free to tax in a similar manner obligations of the United States- The plan of requiring affiliated corporations to make consolidated Income tax returns, the report states, will do much to prevent tax evasion and the new tax on life insurance companies "true Income" from investments In lieu of war excess, income capital stock and other taxes is more equitable. Certain Exclusions, The war excess profits section, the report states, has been simplified and reduced. The house alternative plan of levying war and excess "^oAts at which ever rate would yield the most revenue the committee found objectionable be ed and its administration troublesome to tax payers. Explaining exclusion of individuals and partnerships from war excess profit: taxation, applicable only to corporations. the report 6tates. "Individauls and partnerships pay the heavy surtaxes upon all net income. while corporations ure relieved from surtaxes upon the portion of their earnings which are not distributed. This inequality is more than comnensnted for bv the fact that the cor Jporation is subject to the war excess profits tax. The situation as between different forms of business organizations having thus been brought into approximate balance, it was dee moil proper to reliex ' the corporation from the 6 per cent differential income tax provided by the house bill." Regarding the tax on beverages, the report says no sound reason Was found for the house proposal for doubling the present rate of $2.-0 legation on non-beverage alcohol largelj used for medicines and household necessities. Exemption from bond and other costs on distilled lniuors remaining in warehouses after "bone dry" prohibition becomes effective next July, the report states, is to prevent bardship upon owners. "To prevent the total loss, owing to prohibition of vineyards developed through many years." the report added. regarding wine, "it was provided that under proper regulations wines may be produced and existing stocks of wine may be utilized for the making of non-beverage and non-alcoholic wines." GENERAL NEWS NOTES. Items of Interest Gathered From All the World. A Paris dispatch to the London l>aily Telegraph says the final peace conference will meet from the last two wei ks in February until May. Air traffle has been established between a number of Herman cities. The speed is SO miles an hour and the passenger rate is 11 a mile. Frank M. Goodlier, a negro captain of Co. R, Thirteenth battalion, Camp Lee, Va., deserted last week ami carried $1.420.'.'0 of the company's funds with him. The chain guard stretched across the mouth of New York harbor since America entered the war, as a protec iiwii u^aiunv suuiiiiii men, uua uvru ?* moved. Victor iicrger, congressman-elect of Milwuukce, Wis., and four other Socialists. were put on trial in Chicago oii Monday, charged with violating the espionage act. Many of the children along the Hhine are earning rewards by hauling i a German guns..front the left bank to the right bow^^^ho lifkeep them from falling Into Allied hands. The most interesting feature in every city in Germuny today is the new status of the common soldier. He may frequently be seen riding in automobiles while ofticers walk. He never salutes his former supenors. That Marshal Foclfc may visit the I'nited States when his duties permit, was indicated by a cable message received Monday by Mayor Hylan of New York, from the marshal in response to a recent message in which the mayor invited him to New York and offered him "the freedom of the city." The Commercial Pacific Cable company, allied with the Commercial Cable company, asked for an injunction in the Federal court in New York on Monday, restraining Postmaster General Burleson from further control of the 10,000 miles of cable between San Francisco and China. Japan and the Philippine islands. The financial editor of the l^indon Times points out that Mt per cent of the extra taxation in Great Britain imposed on account of the war from 101 j to 10IS, inclusive, has been derived from taxation of wealth." He urges labor speakers to recognise this fact when they are orating against "the propertied classes." Kspecial praise is given the American troops of occupation by a representative of the Berlin foreign ministry on his return from Treves, according to a Berlin message "The judgment of ail Germans, such as shopkeepers, hotelkeepers and the men on the streets," the official is quoted as saying. "is that the behavior of the Americans is blameless, everything is following the normal course and the American columns are paying the greatest regard to civilian street traffic. No decrees have been issued which could in any way harm the populace." I PAOIIP OP NATIONS British Statesman Says Idea is of Tremendous Importance. l/ondon Dec. 6?Authur J. Balfour, secretary of state of foreign affairs in outlining his views on the peace conference told the Associated Press that he thought the meeting in Paris this month would be merely informal and preliminary to the conference of the associated governments at the first of the year, which would formulate all the ini|K>rtunt terms of peace agreements. This conference, he added, would be the most important and the longest of the series. When it was finished the enemy countries would be called in to ratify the conclusions reached. Mr. Balfour said the British government had not yet made any fixed arrangements for I'resident Wilson to visit England,'as it would tie premature to do so until more was known regarding the president's own plans. Great Britain would be guided solely by his wishes. The foreign secretary said he believed the question of a league of nations was the most important work imposed on the conference. "The prominence Mr. Wilson has given the subject is a valuable contribution to civilization." he declared. "I think." continued Mr. Balfour, "a league of nations, a vital necessity If this war is to produce all the good we * - ?it Tho TTnltftH t'xpevi iu vvmc vuv w? iw ? x/ States would have to bear a large share of the work It Involves. It should be something more than a mere Instrument to prevent war. The world is more complicated than we are inclined to think. It would be folly to Imagine It possible to constitute a world with states endowed with equal powers and rights. "But I wish to say emphatically, in my opinion to devise In congroe" workable machinery for them U one of the highest functions the congress can deal with."