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Scraps and .facts. ? Capt. Frank R. McCoy, commanding United States troops about Mission, Texas, reported to the southern department at San Antono, Tex., last Tuesday, a synopsis of a sworn statement he secured from Guadalupe Cuellar, who was said to be a member of the band of Mexicans who attacked United States troops at Progreso crossing September 23 and 24. According to the statement the Mexicans under Carrar.za officers overpowered one of the American soldiers at the crossing, presumably Private Richard Johnson, and carried him prisoner to the Mex - ? ? - - TT^ than , lean side of the Kio uranav. nc was shot to death, the statement continues, and his head and ears were cut off and carried away as souvenirs. The body was thrown into the Rio Grande, according to Cuellar. The horses and army equipment captured from the detachment of American soldiers were taken across the river and held in the cuartel of the Carranza soldiers a short distance from the scene of the fight, according to the statement. No report has been made of the southern department of finding the headless body, which would tend to confirm the statement of Cuellar. ? Long distance wireless telephone communication was accomplished for the first time last Wednesday when experiments extending over several months culminated in successful transmission of the human voice by radio from Arlington, Va.. to Mare Island. Ca!., 2,500 miles away. The experiments were conducted under direction of Capt. Bullard, chief of the navy's radio service, in co-operation with the American Telephone & Telegraph company and the Western Electric company. Secretary Daniels, announcing the result, predicted that further development of wireless telephony would make great changes in long distance communication both for military and naval service and commercial usage. Successful operation of a device for automatically transferring to the radio telephone conversations originating on wire circuits also was accomplished. Presiu?.nt T. N. Vail and other officials of the American Telephone & Telegraph company at New York talked easily with the Mare Island station, the conversation travelins: over an ordinary metalic line from New York to Arlington ana thence by radio across the continent. "The fact that the voices can be started on a land wire and automatically transmitted to a voice radio transmitter," said Secretary Daniels, "holds out hope that persons inland should readily be put in touch by telephone with others at sea through some central transmitting station." ? Washington, September 29: The Grand Army of the Republic marched up Pennsylvania avenue from the capitol to the White House today as it did when the Union soldiers were mustered out of service 50 years ago. In 1865, the army, as it passed in review before President Andrew Johnson, was 200,000 strong. Today in the blue ranks as they were reviewed by the first southern born president elected since the war, there were, according to the best estimates obtainable, about 20,000 men. Some of them carried crutches or canes. Others leaned on stronger comrades. Fifty years ago the army was two days in passing in review. Today less than four hours was necessary for the march. The weather was ideal. The spectators almost equaled those st an* inauguration. Only a few vek.rans were forced to retire from the ranks because of exhaustion. Seated with President Wilson on the White House stand was Col. David J. Palmer, commander-inchief of the G. A. R. Lieut. Gen. Nelson A. Miles, grand marshal of the parade, took a place after the head of the long procession' had passed. Secretary Garrison ana secretary i/aiueis were m boxes. Chief Justice White, a Confederate veteran; Sir Cecil SpringRice, the British ambassador, and J. J. Jusserand, the French ambassador, had seats. Tonight a number of reunions were held in Camp Matthew G. Emery, and before a "dog watch" reunion of the naval and marine veterans Secretary Daniels discussed the famous blockade and the effective service rendered by the navy during the entire war. ? Congressman William Schley Howard, of the Fifth Georgia district, says an Atlanta dispatch, has announced that he is preparing a resolution which he will introduce in the next session of congress, calling for an investigation of the charges made by W. P. G. Harding, of the Federal reserve board, to the effect that southern banks are charging from 10 to 100 per cent interest on money borrowed from them. No recent public statement has aroused so much interest in the south as the charge made against the banks by Mr. Harding in his address at Raleigh, N. C. The national banks of southern cities have denied vigorously that such exorbitant rates have been charged, but do not appear to be disinclined to admit that it is likely that banks in rural districts made such charges, Southern farmers have declared that exorbitant rates have been charged. The complaint of the farmers ever since the establishment of the Federal reserve svstem has been that "this sys tem," although it is said to have been designed for their benefit, is really benefiting the banks and not the farmers. It seems to be well established that whatever conditions may . be, the farmers are paying extremely high rates for their money. Congressman Howard is preparing the resolution with the idea of finding out just what the conditions are and of finding out who is to blame. The farmers of the south would welcome such an investigation. "I have read with unusual interest," says Mr. Howard, "the statement of Mr. Harding, as it has put me not only to thinking, but to acting, and my first official act upon the re-assembling of congress will be to get to the bottom of this situation. The very fact that so eminent an authority as Mr. Harding charges openly that country banks not only in the south but in the west, are charging exorbitant interest rates is sufficient justification for congress to take up this question and put its hand on the weak spot. Frankly, I would not have believed the statement if it had not come from such a source. It is an outrage and the congressional committee will not only investigate it, but it will expose every bank engaged in this kind of business, and will recommend legislation that will put on end to it for the future." ? A correspondent for Reuter's sends the following dispatch from British headquarters under date of Tuesday, describing fighting in the great offensive of the Allies in the west: "The first charge made by our men from the Vermelles trenches Saturday morning, which carried them through the village of Loos, to the summit of hill 70 and beyond this will rank as one of the most glorious exploits of the British army. Nothing could stop them. Two German trenches defend ing the village fell first; then a race across some open country and they were in the streets of Loos. Some hand to hand fighting with bombs and bayonets, and then out of the village to the slope of hill 70, about half a mile to the east. The last rush took them to the summit, some going even beyond, unchecked by a strong earthwork defended with numerous machine guns. The enemy's batteries had by this time begun to concentrate on the slopes of the hill and therefore our men were ordered to dig in about 100 yards from the summit. Fierce fighting continued around the hill on Sunday and Monday. The new army battalions played an important part in the attack; men who sprang forward to the sound of the officers's whistles with a dash and gallantry which nothing could stop. Paying no heed to the terrible fire poured on them from hidden guns, they pressed forward through the barbed wire entanglements, forcing the enemy's trenches and bayoneting the Germans in them. Germans caught hiding in cellars, from which they kept up a steady fire on the men dashing through the streets of the village, were hauled forth, machine guns firing through holes in the walls of cottages, were charged and captured. The village was protected by a triple line of barbed wire of extraordinary thickness and strength, the barbs being nearly an inch in length. The first two lines had been well destroyed by the artillery but the third stood, and this had to be cut by men standing in the open exposed to the enemy's fire. One man said that in the trenches around the town the German dead in some places were piled four deep. Many cellars contained Germans seeking protection from the bombardment and into the houses dashed the bomb throwers. They pulled up the flaps of the cellars and dropped in bombs. In one dugout a German officer was found with a telephone receiver at his ear. He had been directing the fire of the German artillery on the village after the British occupied it. The village itself was badly damaged. The church was a shapeless mass of bricks; houses were blown to pieces; streets were piled "* * '?*? ? 1 J ? V>Ilow monv wun aeons, ttimu wmvn mj hundreds of dead and wounded. The few French inhabitants still living in the village consisted of two or three families, mostly women." Ilu \|orlu'Ulf (Siiquiw. Entered at the Postofflce at York as Mail Matter of the Second Class. YORK, S. C.: FRIDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1915. It is still a mental effort, this thinking of Yorkville as York, or of York as Yorkville.?Charleston Post. Yes and it has begun to pall upon the gentlemen who conceived the idea that such a desecration would make tnr "nrnpress" r- -o' There are few farmers In this county who will fail to appreciate the full truth of what Senator McLaurin says about the common practice of withholding: credit at the beginning of the cotton season and the extending of credit after the distress cotton has been marketed. Most people, too, who understand how things have been going heretofore, know very well the reason for the change in this old arrangement. "The Democratic party stands for white supremacy, and to use the negro vote in an election among the Democrats is setting a very dangerous precedent for all future time. I cannot too strongly stress the importance of white rule in South Carolina."? Governor Manning. Well, governor, your friends did It up here in the election to change the name of Yorkville to York; hauled 'em in automobiles. And also, voters were furnished with registration certificates on the day of the election and the "town attorney" declined to say that it was unlawful. Senator William J. Stone of Missouri. chairman of the Foreign Relations committee, has expressed him self as opposed to the placing of the proposed Franco-British loan of $500,000,000 in this country. He says that if Mr. Morgan ard the banks would make the loan frcm their own funds, there would be no serious objection; but if the American public invests, then the tendency will be to make the investors partisans of the Allies. The taking of the loan in America, Senator Stonr thinks, is calculated to violate neutrality. Theodore H. Price, who continues a leading figure in the cotton trade as the same is conducted by the speculative exchanges, seems inclined to look at the situation from a somewhat bearish viewpoint. He says that against the alleged shortage in the crop, "which may or may not exist," there are certain discouraging facts. For one thing one-half of the European market is cut off, and the buying power of the other half is rapidly approaching exhaustion. He thinks that England will give the Indian crop the preference as far as possible, because this can be done without increasing the debt of the empire. Speculators, he says, have to pay the equivalent of $12 a bale a year to keep from taking cotton they buy for future delivery. Exports for this season so far are only 406,375 bales, against 817,480 bales at the same time in the normal season of two years ago. And lastly, as the result of the heavy premium that is be ing paia ior aisiani iuvures ine nurmal distribution of the crop has been checked, and American manufacturers instead of buying cotton are selling their stocks. Mr. Price's advice to those who have cotton is to sell it, and he recommends that prospective buyers delay their purchases as long as possible. We shall not undertake to discuss cotton with a man like Mr. Price. The most we can say to his arguments is that he has frequently made mistakes before; but at the same time we quite agree that if the public should attempt to act upon his advice for "sellers to rush forward and buyers to hold back," the price would certainly go down, whether there is anything unfavorable to the facts he cites or not. Six Per Cent Money. There is plenty of six per cent money to be had for all the people who desire to store their cotton and borrow thereon; but it will take a lot of educational work before the average individual will come to understand the exact meaning of the situation. The credit for giving the people of South Carolina six per cent money rests to a very large extent with President Wilson and Secretary McAdoo; but to an equally large extent with the state warehouse system. It was Secretary McAdoo who first took a hand in the southern situation by depositing millions of treasury money in southern banks for the purpose of "moving the crops." He did it in 1913, again in 1914, and he is now doing it again in 1915. The principal effect of the 1913 move was to break into the monopoly of the big New York and Chicago banks which, up to that time had a monopoly of the power to fix the rates of discount, and through that monopoly thev were able to limit the amount of money that was available for moving the southern crops, thus to a large extent, fixing the price at which those crops must be sold. The producer got very little direct benefit from the big treasury deposits of 11113. His principal benefit came in an indirect way. It was only in exceptional cases that he was able to borrow it; but because of its abundance other people were able to get it with less difficulty, and the benefit sifted down to the producer. Also this abundance of money from the treasury, which was ius independent of the New York banks as the country correspondents of the New York banks were willing to make it, helped in moving the crops, and to that extent helped the selling 1 rice. The treasury money that was placed at the disposal of southern banks last year was generally unavailable to the cotton producer for the reason that there was no satisfactory means of converting his cotton into sufficiently liquid security. There were independent warehouses to be sure, and in many cases their receipts were all right; but it was not the policy either of the owners of the warehouses or the banks to encourage the loaning of money to the cotton producer for the purpose of holding his crop. But the state warehouse system hae changed all this by providing a rethat la anfflnlpntlv liauid to make I"""*" ? ' it go anywhere, and in many cases the banks have found it a wise policy to treat the receipts of Independent warehouses on practically the same basis as the receipts of the state warehouses. There is no good ground, however to dispute the fact that the receipts of the independent warehouses owe the favor that they are now receiving to the quality of the receipts of the state warehouses.Then another thing about the state warehouse receipt is that it has taken away all the red tape, mystery, special favor, "I'll do it for you," etc., heretofore connected with a transaction in independent warehouse receipts. It requires no long record of experience in the banking business, established reputation, approved business standing or anything of that kind to negotiate a state warehouse receipt. Such a receipt may be negotiated by anybody of sufficient responsibility to accomplish the changing of a twenty dollar bill. And the point of it all is that the state warehouse is responsible for the 6 per cent money. It was a big, broad, liberal policy that induced the treasury department to deposit money In the cotton states to help the farmers move their cotton; but the treasury department could provide no acceptable way for the distribution of that money. The state warehouse system has provided the way, and the beneficial results are apparent everywhere. ua ?a vi/. " UDtk VTO r VI Jjust Cotton as a surplus and a (air price for that surplus, is the economic doctrine of The Yorkville Enquirer. For more than fifty years, ever since the great civil war, this paper has been urging cotton as a surplus, and for the past twenty-five years, it has been trying to do educational work in the direction of a better and more equitable price. In our opinion the southern farmers have never gotten a fair price for their cotton; but what has been done toward bettering conditions along this line during the past twenty-five years and especially what is being done now clearly points the way to what can be done. It was the late L. M. Grist who originally committed The Enquirer to the doctrine of "Cotton as a surplus." The ' paper taught the doctrine in season and out of season and this writer still remembers how, when a boy, he used to hear Capt. Grist talk to his farmer friends like this: "Show me a man who, since the war, has been raising all of his own supplies, especially in 1 the way of food for family and stock, 1 and cotton only as a surplus, and I will show you a man who is not only free of debt; but has the cash to pay for what he wants and very likely money to lend to his neighbors. Show 1 me a man who, since the war, has ' been raising nothing but cotton, with his corn crib and smokehouse in the west, and I will show you a man whose lands and stock are mortgaged, and who will eventually be closed out by the sheriff." We have never known of an exception to Captain Grist's rule in this country then and we have never known one since. In our opinion it is very doubtful as to whether a farmer could much more ' than make end? meet raising cotton 1 at twenty cents a pound, if he had to depend on that money exclusively for the purchase of the supplies needed in the raising of the cotton. It is a fact observable by all men that the higher the price of cotton, the greater the tendency of our southern farmers to curtail or cut out other crops and give more attention to cotton. Right at this moment people who last year sowed more cover crops and more grain than ever before, are being strongly tempted to break away from the splendid policy then adopted and plant twice as much cotton next year as they planted this year. There is every reason to believe that cotton is going to be a good price next year. As we see things we are unable to conceive of anything else; but it is not good sense or good business for the farmers of this section to allow iU" ?AVfir fhn foot lliciliacivco IU MM cavllvu wt vi hiv *%*v? The most sensible thing our farmers can do is to sow more grain, both wheat and oats, especially wheat, than they have ever sowed before, and put in more cover crops, and then hold the cotton acreage down to what it is this year, or even make it less. The corn, wheat, oats and cover crops of York county this year, are worth a great deal more than any cotton crop the county has ever raised, and the farmers who cut these crops next year in favor of cotton are going to be the losers. Of course, we must raise cotton; but let us raise it only as a surplus. Let us devote our principal efforts to the more important and profitable crops? corn, wheat, oats, clover, grasses, and other foods for men and stocks and the lands. "How Warehouse Helps." The improved prices of cotton have made the matter of warehousing a minor consideration. That is always the case. So long as the range of prices is satisfactory the producers sell and do not store. Meantime the warehouse company is the loser. Its space is vacant and its overhead charges go on. The chances are that were present conditions to obtain indefinitely, popular interest in the state warehouse system would wane to the point of disappearance. This is, of course, not as it should be. If the warehouse system is highly useful at one time, it ought to be maintained at all times. To stabilize prices and to insure safety in marketing. the sale of cotton should be distributed through a period of twelve months and to do it is necessary that, by warehouse companies, it be given the character to which its nature entitles it as security for loans in the American money markets where rates of interest are lowest. Though cotton is fetching about 12 cents a pound now, no one can tell whether the price will be 15, 10 or 8 cents a pound in another 30 or 100 days. The warehouse should be to the cotton farmer the trench in which he digs himself and waits when the prices of his product are pressed too low. If the state warehouse system is good for 6 cents cotton it is wise in a time of 12 cents cotton that its friends see that it does not lose caste and fall into decay. When no cotton is stored, the private warehouse loses money. So does the state warehouse company. The tlx charges run on regardless of own ership and the people if they purpose to conduct a state warehouse business, must expect that It will be a charge on them in those periods when it Is not utilized by the farmers. The State repeats that the conduct of a warehouse business in the name of the state of South Carolina gives to its receipts no mystical or magical power to command money loans. Bankers will apply to them the same cold standards and measurements that they apply to private companies and if a private company be more wisely and prudently conducted than a state concern. Its receipts win outclass mose of the state warehouse. Unless the receipts of the warehouse company, state or private, shall be acceptable In the centres where interest rates are lowest, the warehouse business fails of its principal pan-pose and neglects its main opportunity. If the South Carolina warehouse system has made it possible for South Carolina farmers generally to do what Mr. Banks of Calhoun, has done by means of these receipts, it has already accomplished marvels. Indeed, we are almost ready to say that, considering the brief period of its operation, its success has been miraculous. We await with eagerness the testimony of numerous other farmers that they are able to take or send their state warehouse receipts to the great banking centres and obtain loans upon them at rates of six per cent and lower. If one man can do it, others should be able to do it, and the sooner that the practice shall become common the better will it be not only for the farmers but for the state warehouse system itself. If the producers of cotton are now in a position to borrow money on South Carolina warehouse receipts in New York and other cities, a commercial victory has been won for them by the warehouse management of a value beyond estimation. Moreover, Mr. Banks has done a public service to his fellow-farmers In .bringing to their attention the tremendous power with which the warehouse system has suddenly endowed them.?Columbia State. Although the Columbia State "does not speak" to The Enquirer, because The Enquirer is not in the "me too" class, we are very well pleased to reproduce the foregoing editorial as a reply to what we had to say to an outburst of our Columbia contemporary in our issue of last Tuesday. We really feel gratified at this editorial. Not only is it sound and sensible; but it shows that even the State is beginning to realize the wonderful achievements and the still more wonderful possibilities of the warehouse system. It is observed that the State is still in doubt as to whether the name and i prestige of the sovereign state of South Carolina behind a warehouse m ikes the receipts thereof any better .han the receipts of a private company; but that is only because our contemporary has not yet fully informed itself. It does not know a great deal about the , warehouse business to begin with, and then it is evidently not acquainted with the facts as to what has been done; but since our good brother has begun to give more attention to the subject, it will learn. , One of the differences between j a state warehouse receipt and an independent warehouse receipt is that a state warehouse receipt can go to the money centers and serve as collateral on its own merits; but an independent warehouse receipt cannot go anywhere without the backing of a local bank, and this is important. It is not necessary for the holder of a state warehouse certificate to go to New York after 6 per cent money. There Are at least four York county banks that are ready to lend 6 per cent money on such receipts right here at home; but , large farmers like Senator Banks, who do business on a more extensive scale, can go to New York with their state warehouse receipts and get money as i cheaply as the local banks themselves. So there is no "if" about the commercial victory to which the State refers. It has been won already. AT THE NEW YORK END AGAIN Warehouse Commissioner and Sales Agent Go North. 1 Columbia, September 29.?Senator McLaurin has been called to New York, presumably for a conferende'On the cotton situation. It will be remembered that in August he suggested in a letter to President Wilson that the Allies be extended a credit for the purchase of supplies in this country. Senator McLaurin said he had reason to believe that the Germans were buying cotton here; that it was inconceivable that a nation so far-sighted would permit England to obtain a monopoly in this important munition of war. Even if peace were declared tomorrow, and England had the surplus cotton, she could compel the Continent to buy it at a large profit It would be a singular condition, when we remember the situation last fall, to see foreign governments competing in our markets for cotton. Asked what made him say Germany was buyi tg cotton, Senator McLaurin said. "Well I think it better not to sav too much; business people don't want their affairs paraded in the newspapers." "It is magnificent, the way the farmers are holding. The present advance is due to cheap money. Low prices in the fall have come heretofore from the contraction of credit. This is the first time that we have had extension of credit just when needed, at the crop marketing period. Credit is always freely given at the planting season, to promote a big crop, and then brutally withdrawn at the marketing period, so that the distress cotton breaks the market, and after the middle-men get hold of it credit is again made easy and it advances. This year the tenant farmer is having a show. I think the State' Warehouse system of South Carolina played an important part, but Woodrow Wilson and McAdoo turned the trick, and I say, God bless them. "I want the farmers to hold the present crop, and let the cotton carried over be consumed. Force the consumption of the surplus of 1914, then next spring we will talk 'turkey' about 1915." Col. T. B. Thackston the newly appointed sales agent will accompany the senator to Washington, when he will take the matter up officially. Col. Thackston said that "in the development of the state warehouse system we have Just reached the really big thing in it?direct sales of cotton from the farm to the customer. This means a stable price for cotton and standardization of grades. The commissioner has done a great work in providing negotiable security which enables the gradual marketing of the crop, but, after all, borrowing money on cotton is a mere temporary expedionf thn main tHinit ia tn anil orlunnt. ageously. We do not prow cotton to warehouse; we prow It to sell. "My plans at present have not been formulated, and I prefer to say nothinp until after more mature deliberation and a more thorough acquaintance with the plans of the Federal government. I will say, however, that the result can only be achieved by the co-operation of the individual farmers. The organization of the farmers for marketing purposes is the foundation. I believe that the success In securing credits at this unusual time for the advance of cotton prices at the marketing period is such a lesson that the farmers of the south are prepared now to go further. It inspires them with confidence and teaches them the value of combined effort. 'There is no reason why, with the machinery which Mr. McLaurin has perfected, to wit, the state warehouse system, that the farmers of this state cannot organize and control absolutely the sale of this year's cotton crop." ? Attorney General Thos. H. Peeples of South Carolina, was elected vice president of the Association of Attorney Generals of the United States at the annual meeting of that organization in San Francisco, Cal., this week. LOCAL AFFAIRS. NEW ADVERTI8EMENT8 Thomson Co.?Invitee the ladles to visit Its millinery department, and talks about coat suits, sport coats, corduroy skirts, men's rain coats. Kirkpatrick-Belk Co.?Gives you an idea of the size and variety of its fall stock and quotes prices on all lines of seasonable goods. James Bros.?Say that now is the time to buy mules. Do not wait until next spring. See their new car of mules. Sherer & Quinn?Recommend Jackson Square coffee to people who want the best Fresh cream cheese. A line of enamel and tinware. R. E. Heath?Wants to sell yo<u steelyards, oil cans, enameled ware, farm toois, etc. York Drug Store?Recommends Rexall compound of cherry bark for coughs, and Y. D. S. cold tablets for colds. Both sell at 25 ccnta McConnell Dry Goods Co.?Emphasizes its ability to buy goods for less and sells for less. A few sample prices. L. M. Grist's Sons, Publishers?Mako their annual offer to clubmokere for The Torkvllle Enquirer. See fourth page of this issue for details. Most of the cotton that is being sold in this county is being taken by the mills, which are preparing themselves against an expected rise in the price. 8ome sixty or more bales of cotton were stored in the state warehouse at Bowling Green last Tuesday afternoon, and the outlook is that quite a quantity of the cotton made in the Bowling Green neighborhood is to be stored. 'Possum hunters say that there is an unusually good crop this year; but there has not been a great deal of hunting yet. ?A large per cent of the new crop is still in the kitten stage, and then most of the hunters would rather wait for a heavy, fat one anyway. The old story of a short cotton crop commonly heard at this season of the year, is so familiar that few people pay much attention to it; but this year it is different. There is no bluff about the short crop talk. There are people who think that they will not make half as much cotton on the same land an they made last year, rnai is proDably an exaggeration In most cases; but that the crop Is short from 15 to 25 per cent as compared with the yields of last year Is reasonably certain. "I saw a copy of The Yorkville Enquirer In a home In Florida, which I visited while on my recent trip there/' remarked a York county man who returned home from Tampa, Fla, this week, "and it looked good to me. I am not used to being away from home much and after I had been away three or four days I was sure lonesome. But when I got a hold of that paper I was all right. It Is always full of interesting news and I tell you the copies I received in Florida were more than interesting." THE MARRIAGE RECORD Licenses to marry have been issued to the following -persons: Sept. 10?George Phillips and Mattie Jane Barnett, colored. Sept. 10?Floyd Cannedy and Florence Douglas, colored. Sept. 11?Robert Byers and Dovie Rains. Sept. 12?Nathan M. Hudson and Mary Barnett. Sept. 13?James Cureton and Jane Johnson, colored. Sept. 16?Andrew J. Hudson and Katie Roxana Boat. Sept. 17?Henry White and Senora Brown, colored. Sept. 18?Will Massey and Eliza Jane McCullough, colored. Sept. 18?Robert Powell and Edith Davis, colored. Sept. 18?John Wallace and Sallie Shepherd. Sept. 18?Henson Wilson and Julia Pennington. Sept. 18?Hazel Floyd and Nancy Woods, colored. Sept. 20?Hardy Clontz and Kate Long. Sept. 20?Henry Bolin and Jennie Johnson. Sept. 20?Henry Oliver and Ella McQuilla, colored. Sept. 24?Ramus Haney and Kissie Lundy, colored. Sept. 25?Andrew Z. Perry and Pearl Stewart. Sept. 27?John R. Wright and Ethel Elmora Sept. 28?Israel S. Coble and Margaret Marrell. TEACHERS' EXAMINATION The following persons are taking the semi-annual examination for certificates to teach in the public schools of York county, which Is being held In the courthouse today: White?N. Blair Dulin, Bowling Green; Chas. Ratterree, Yorkville No. 1; Mrs. K V. Millard, Yorkville; Elveree Barron, Shelby, N. C.; Jennie Whisonant, Morganton, N. C., R. F. D. No. 2; Reola Yourgblood, Nannie Kate Brian, Yorkville; Helen Latham, Little Mountain, S. C.; Bea Locke, Lesslie; Gussie Lesslie, Rock Hill; Irene Caldwell, Rock Hill No. 2; Lula B. Rudicill, Henry River, N. C.; Kittle and Sallie Sandifer, Yorkville; Ruby Devinney, Yorkville No. 4-. Willie Carroll, Yorkville No. 4; Marion Patton, Roddey; Jennie Reece Hughes, Yorkville No. 7; Clemaritine Wallace, Yorkville; Lindsay Devinney, Yorkville No. 4. Colored?Carrie Jones, Rock Hill; Walter Coleman, Rock Hill No. 6; W. B. Baskns, Rock Hill No. 6; Paul Blake, McOonnellsville; Effle Henderson, Rock Hill; Albert C. Herndon, Yorkville; Inez Withers, Rock Hill; J. J. Byers, Yorkville No. 2; Mat tie G. Armstrong, Clover No. 3; Queen Adams, Yorkville; Emma White, Yorkville; Olivia Miller, Azalee Lewis, W. A. Barber, Sarah J. Kennedy, Rock Hill; Hattie Armstrong, Yorkville No. 7; Mary G, Murray, Yorkville; Maud Phillips. Yorkville No. 2: Amanda Meeks, Yorkville No. 6; Fannie Barnett, Ethel Bsrnett, Yorkville No. 8; May Rob Dixson, Yorkville No. 2. BLACK LEG IN BETHEL The dreaded black leg has again made its appearance among cattle In Bethel township. Mr. J. M. Miller of Yorkville No. 6, is the latest farmer to lose cattle as a result of the disease, a calf belonging to him having died Tuesday, while a cow on his place L". sick with the dreaded disease. Several weeks ago The Enquirer printed a story about Messrs. J. E. and f P! Rrandnn lnslner cattle from black leg. The carcasses of the dead cattle were cremated and a veterinarian who was called to the scene, vaccinated a number of cattle in that vicinity. It was thought that the plague was completely checked, but the reappearance of the disease among the cattle of Mr. Miller, who lives only a few miles from the Messrs. Brandon, disproves the theory. Dr. R. H. Parker, a well known veterinarian of Gastonia, was in the Bethel country Tuesday and Wednesday and vaccinated all of Mr. Miller's cattle, as well as those of most of the people in the immediate vicinity. Several Bethel township farmers have gotten into communication with Farm Demonstration Agent John R. Blair, with a view to having him bring the state veterinarian from Clemson college or one of his assistants, to Bethel and look into the situation thoroughly. It is probable that a veterinarian from Clemson will arrive on the scone in a day or so. When called over the phone yesterday afternoon, Mr. Miller said that he and his neighbors were not much worried over the matter now, since they had had their cattle vaccinated, but of course they did not know but what the disease might spread over the township. WITHIN THE TOWN ? Master Frank Caldwell broke his left arm Wednesday afternoon while playing on the school grounds. ? The Graded school eleven plays its first football game of the season this afternoon, when they will tackle the Fort Mill High school team on the 1 r\r*a 1 cnHHImn ? It has not been definitely decided when the postofflce will be removed to the now room in the McNeel building; but it is reasonably certain that the transfer will be completed by the 15th instant, and probably considerably before that date. ? A young lady of this town received a letter from the dead letter office in Washington several days ago which she should have received at least two weeks earlier. It had originally been addressed to "York, S. C." The postal clerk who handled the letter evidently not knowing of such a place the letter was sent to Washington where "vllle" was added to the "York," and the delayed mall arrived In a hurry. ? Mr. W. E. Ferguson not long ago sold at 10) cents the 609 pound bale of cotton that he bought last fall at 10 cents. The bale lost 16 pounds In the warehouse, and counting this together with the warehouse charges he was the loser to the amount of about )2. Had he held his bale to last Wednesday he would have made about $12 profit. Mr. Ferguson bought his bale when the market price was less than 7 cents. ? A collision between the automobiles of Messrs. J. E. Johnson and W. D. Thoma&son on Congress street near the residence of Mr. J. M. Ferguson, created considerable excitement about 8.30 Tuesday night. Mr. Johnson was driving his car down North Congress street when Mr. Thomasson drove his car out of an alley next to the hotel. The two cars collided, breaking a front wheel and doing other minor damages to Mr. Thomaason's machine. ? Be ye not deceived. There Is absolutely nothing to that little story wmcn nas ueen wnispureu aruunu iu the effect that since Judge Gary declared the "gallon-a-month" law unconstitutional, a fellow can order a whole barrel of beer now as often as he chooses Instead of the measly little eight bottles which have heretofore constituted a gallon. A reporter mentioned the rumor to Deputy Sheriff Quinn yesterday and that official replied: "Weil, I don't know whether any one can have a barrel of beer delivered to them or not; but I tell you if we hear of any one receiving a barrel we will seize the shipment and test the matter in the courts." ? A meeting of the cotton and cotton seed buyers and the town council has been called for this afternoon to discuss the question as to whether the license tax that was imposed on cotton and cotton seed buyers be repealed. The statute prohibits the imposition of such a tax; but in the drawing up of the license ordinance, the statute was ignored through ignorance or indifference. Most of the cotton and cotton seed buyers have paid the tax. Mr. W. R. Carroll has refused to' pay the tax and says he will not pay it; but of course he does not care to be put to the expense of lighting the matter through the courts unnecessarily. As to whether the council will recede from its position, and leave the cotton and cotton seed open to free competition for all buyers from no matter where, as the statute evidently intends, remains to be seen. PASSING OF THE MOONSHINER In view of the frequent successful raids of the officers of the law, it would seem that it is about time that the few remaining moonshiners who are still trying to do business along the North Carolina line in northwestern York and nortneastern Cherokee ought to be able to realize that it. is about time to change their methods or quit There aro r.ot so many moonshiners in the territory mentioned as there used to be. The fact is that the time was when moonshining was quite common throughout that whole territory. That was during the first twenty-five or thirty years after the civil war, when the retailing of liquor was legal throughout this whole section. There were some revenue officers about in those days; but as intoxicating liquors were to be had lawfully in almost any of the surrounding towns, it was more or less difficult to trace unlawful liquor. With the gradual outlawing of the retail liquor business, however, the moonshiner has been finding it more and more difficult to hide, and, his business has become so risky as to hardly be worth the trouble. In spite of the changed conditions there are a few who will still take the risk of losing labor, property and liberty for the chance of a few hard earned dollars. Just why they do it, is difficult for the average citizen of today to understand. It is for money the poor fellows are working, of course, and they evidently think this is a quick and easy way to get it. Their moral scruples do not enter into klA? TKaV houn n AMP Uflth IIIU yi Kjy\JOl .IVSll. JL ??VJ *IWTV awnv regard to the matter. In most cases their lathers and grandfathers before them made liquor and they see no reason why they should not make liquor too. They evidently reason that since their father and grandfathers were able to live selling liquor at 50 cents and $1 a gallon, they ought to make money at $.2.50 and $3 a gallon. The changed conditions do not seem to enter into their calculations. Where formerly everybody or almost everybody in the battleground section were patrons and friends of the moonshiners, now the moonshiner is finding himself mere isolated. Most of the people in his neighborhood have reached the point where they realize that there is no good for them in his product. They are interested in trying to uplift themselves and their families by means of productive industry, and they understand the destructive and demoralizing effect of liquor "on the labor to which they look for assistance. They understand the danger to which their boys are subjected in being surrounded by liquor and the derelict victims of drunkenness, and they are no longer willing to stand for a traffic that they formerly winked at. No sooner 's a makeshift of a still in operation than all the derelicts for miles around commence flocking; there. It has become as easy to find a moonshine still because of the kind of people who go there as it is to tlnd the carcass of a dead cow through tho gathering of the buzzards. And for the reasons already stated the moonshine still cannot be operated longer than a few days before somebody sends information to the officers and alcng comes the sheriff and a posse. In the old days, when a superior class of men were engaged in moonshining, it was a common practice to set up a still on some obscure little watercourse, keep the location secret from everybody, and quietly make liquor, barrel after barrel, until a large quantity was accumulated. Then the wise old moonshiner, having already disposed of his liquor by concealing it in various places of safety, would dismantle lus still and proceed to dispose of his liquor as he could, generally a long way from the place of manufacture. But there is no more of that kind of thing nowadays. The men who have sense enough to proceed after this fashion have too much sense to incur, the risk Involved to property and liberty and too much sense to risk the consequences of possible exposure. To make moonshine properly and profitably, It is necessary for the moonshiner to have more or less secur ity from interference for a reasonable length of time. It Is nece3aary for him to arrange his mash miking so he can have his elands or boxes coming in at regular intervals a day or two apart for a number of days or weeks. This is essential to the production of moonshine at a coat that will Insure a reasonable profit in its sale at a fairly attractive price. But these conditions may no longer be met for the reasons already described and it is evident that the days of the moonshiner are almost over. ABOUT PEOPLE Miss Bessie Pegram of Yorkville, left yesterday for Oastonia. Mr. B. M. Johnson of Yorkville, was a visitor in Spartanburg this week. Miss Jennie Pegrt.in or uasioma, visited Miss Bessie Pegram 1 ere this week. Miss Bessie Adams of C'jver, visited Mrs. R. H. Hope in Rock Hill, this week. Miss Margaret Drakeford of Yorkville, is undergoing treatment in a Charlotte hospital. Mr. Lesslie Faulkner of King's Creek, has entered Wofford college, Spartanburg. Gastonia Gazettee, Sept 28: Mr. T. EX Brandon of Bethel, was in town on business Saturday. Mr. H. C. Sowell returned to his home here Tuesday night after a visit to relatives in Kershaw. Miss Evelyn Youngblood has returned to Columbia after a visit to relatives in the Tirzah community. Miss Ida McEUdull has returned to her home at Blackstock, after a visit to York county relatives. W. W. Lewis, Esq., has returned to his home in Yorkville, after spendin a few days in Jacksonville, Fla. Rev. and Mrs. J. Boyce Talbert of Hickory Grove, visited Mr. and Mrs. E. Hi Johnson in Rock Hill this week. The condition of Mr. M. J. Moorehead of Yorkville, who is suffering with blood poison, is but little improved. A. W. Sturgis, Jr., who has been spending some time in Lancaster, is visiting the family of his father on R. F. D. No. 6. Miss Elveree Barron of Shelby, N. C., visited relatives and friends In Yorkville this week. Chester Reporter: Mr. Marlon W. Ashe has arrived at his home in Bullock's Creek, after serving three years in the United States army. Drs. M. J. Walker, J. I. Barron and T T\ \M rtTVinroll the olitllfi U LJ? iixvi/vnvu ubWMuvu %MV of the Mecklenburg Medical association in Charlotte Tuesday. Rev. F. Ray Riddle of Montlcello, Fla., formerly pastor of Allison Creek, Beersheba and Beth-ShHoh churches, is visiting relatives at Bowling Green. Misses Mary Stevenson of Winnsboro and Effle Thomas of Clover, have taken positions with the McConnell Dry Goods company in Yorkville. Rev. E. B Hunter, pastor of the Sharon A. R P. church, is assisting Rev. A. S. Rogers in a series of services at the .V. R. P. church in Rock Hill. Policeman Edward McClain of Rock Hill, a son ol Mr. W. T. McClain of R. F. D. No. 1, who is undergoing treatment in the Fennell infirmary. Rock Hill, is rapidly improving. Mr. T. K. Thomaason and sons of Yorkville, and Mr. Sam W. Thomasson of R. F. D. No. 5, have returned home after a visit to relatives and friends in Datonia, Fla. Mr. J. Lyle Love has been elected secretary of the law association at the University of South Carolina. Mr. Love is the son of Mr. R. R. Love of R. F. D. No. 3. Mr. L. G. Thompson, formerly a resident of Yorkville and Clover, but who has been living in Clinton, N. C., for some time past, has returned to Yorkville, where he will engage In business. Mrs. A. Rose, formerly of Yorkville, but now of Leesville, who had the misfortune to run a nail in her foot several days ago and who was threatened with lock-jaw as a result, is considerably better and relatives expect her early recovery. Mr. Louis Roth does not think much of that portion of Florida through which he went on his recent trip. He say a. 1 UU IIUI ueuevc I oai* an auv of plow ground In that state. They have nothing down there except the climate, and that is fit only for winter use." THE COTTON MARKET Always a subject of great interest to everybody, the cotton market has been more interesting throughout this section during the past few weeks than usual, and up to this time that Interest shows no sigrns of flagging. To go Into all the things that lend peculiar interest to the cotton market would UU a book; but among the first things to be enumerated are the tremendous contrast between the prices prevailing now. compared with those prevailing last year, and the fact that this has been what is familiarly known as a "rising market." When the bottom dropped out of the market about the first of August last year, it began to look to the people at interest that the "Jumping off place had been reached. Prices went steadily and swiftly down to a point where nobody wanted to buy and nobody wanted to sell. The New York exchange was closed from near the first of August to about the last of November. Some local producers sacrificed their holdings for 6 cents or whatever they could get and others stored up what they had on hand against better times. The general situation was one of the bluest on record, and so profoundly impressed were the pcopie with the conditions as they saw and experienced the same that it has been difficult for them to realize that the return to normal was real. Since the opening of the present cotton year on September 1, at a price slightly under 10 cents, there has been a steady and rapid rise. Sometimes *.he market has stood the same two days in succession, but this has been the exception rather than the rule. The advance has been by sixteenths, eighths and quarters, up, up, up, and with the advance there has been a steady rise in the hopeful enthusiasm of the farmers, tinged only by a feeling of misgiving on the one hand, lest .he top has been reached already and a fear on the other hand that prices may continue to mount after they have parted with their holdings. Local market conditions have been peculiarly interesting because of the competition and fluctuations in prices, and it is fair and proper to explain that these conditions are not generally understood. In order to bring the matter within the comprehension of everybody, it is well to realize this elementary proposition. The market Is fixed almost absolutely by the New York cotton exchange. All buyers, everywhere, are governed by the quotations from this organization. There is no escape from that. The buying and selling on the exchange keeps the figures moving up and down, and cotton buyers everywhere govern themselves accordingly. Cotton buyers include several classes of business people. First, regular buyers who follow the business exclusively as a trade. Second, merchant buyers, and third, Independent speculators. All of these are governed to a greater or less extent by the New York and Liverpool markets: but then all of them fluctu ate in their prices according to circumstances. The regular buyer is more apt than the others to keep within even limits of the New York market. He allows himself a certain fixed margin of profit and sticks to that. The merchant-buyer, more interested in the collection of accounts than in making a profit on cotton, frequently takes a position a sixteenth or an eighth in advance of the regular market and holds to it. to the very great inconvenience of the regular buyer. The independent speculator comes In sometimes and competes with the merchant-buyer, and occasionally the regular buyer, in the exercise of his discretion, more particularly on what appcirs to be an advancing market, takes the responsibility of keeping up with the procession. While at times the merchant-buyer and speculator get ahead of the market, they can never be depended upon to keep the local market permanently In advance of the [exchange market When the merchant-buyer completes his collections he becomes a regular buyer, and when the Independent speculator feels that prices are at a standstill or the ten- ] dency is downward, he is liable to drop out. This somewhat unusual development is credited to the Torkvllle market this week. On Monday the regular market was slightly under 12 cents, while it was 12 cents at other plaoes. ^ Quite a quantity of cotton was bought 1 under 12 cents during the day; but in the afternoon the market went up, and at least one of the buyers issued additional checks to cover the difference between the price at which he had bought and the market. While this was very well to the recipients of the checks it was hardly good business or good buying, for if such a rule were to obtain, when cotton went off a half a cent on Wednesday, it Viovfc Wn nn to all the sellers who had received 12 cents during the morning to refund to the buyer half a cent a pound. It is a fact that sometimes all the buyers on a given market, especially when there are no merchants collecting and no activity among lndepend- J ent speculators, do agree on certain 1 limits beyond which they will not go, and let the man who makes the first hid get the cotton. That has been done to a greater or less extent all over the state; but the arrangement Is seldom attempted near the opening , of the season and it never continues a great while before it begins to occasion much complaint. During the greater part of the present season the price of cotton has been rather above than under the New York market. The merchant-buyer has been playing his part in this; but a no less important factor has been the American mills?especially the nearby southern mills. The mills have been particularly anxious to get the cotton, because of a fear of a rising market, and in many cases they have been paying at their doors every cent that it would cost to brliig the cotton from neighboring markets. LOCAL LACONICS * To Begin Work Monday. I Bethesda and Smyrna schools enter upon the work of their fall and winter terms Monday. The schools will run eight months. Repairing County Bridge Rock Hill Herald, Wednesday; Z. V. $ Bradford has a force of hands at work repairing the county bridge over the Catawba river. It will take some little time to complete the job. Cotton Picking Record. Mr. T. E. Love of Clover, write? that Raymond Hall, an eighteen-yearold negro boy, working for Mr. J. P. Adams, picked 403 pounds of cotton last Wednesday. Many Prisoners. There are now twenty prisoners in the York county Jail. The great majority of them are negroes. According to Sheriff Brown, this is the largest number of persons who have been confined in the jail at any one time during the past five years. Commissioners of Election. Governor Manning has appointed J. D. Smith of R. F. D. No. 1; J. B. Fewell of Rock Hill No. 6, and Jas. M. Campbell of Tirzah, commissioners of state and county elections to succeed Dr. I. J. Campbell, W. B. Keller and J. B. Nell, resigned. flp Several Professed Faith. As a result of a series of services conducted in the Newport school house by Rev. Henry Stokes and which services terminated Sunday 4 night, several persons of tho Newport community were converted and will become members of. Olivet Methodist church at Tirzah. 8mallpox in Fort Mill. Fort Mill Times: Report has reached Fort Mill from the Harrison neighborhood, six miles east of this city, to the effect that several cases of smallpox have appeared among the colored people of that section during the last ten daya Following this outbreak of the disease nearly all oi' the people of that section have been vaccinated and it is believed that the disease will be stamped out within a short time. Boll Weevil 8care. fnrt Mill Tlirifts: What was believ ed by several to be a genuine boll weevil was shown on the streets of Fort Mill Thursday, the bug having been found In a load of seed brought In by J. M.? Harris of the Pleasant Valley section. The bug was not the boll weevil, however, as is evidenced by the following letter from the agricultural department to which the bug was sent by a Fort Mill man: "Insect submitted for determination Is not the boll weevil, but belongs to the family k known as grain weevils, probably the m rice weevil, calandra grunaria." Death of Mrs. J. J. Edwards. Following an extended illness, Mrs. Maggie Edwards, wife of Mr. J. J. Edwards of the Tlrsah section, died In the Fennell infirmary, Rock Hill, T Tuesday night, and was burled at ~ Neely's Creek cemetery near Less lie, yesterday morning, following funeral services conducted by Revs. Henry Stokes, E. B. Hunter and W. EL Stevenson. Mrs. Edwards, who before her marriage was Miss Maggie Oettys, was born in the Neely's Creek community about 62 years ago. She was known to a wide circle of friends and acquaintances. Deceased is survived by her husband and three sons: Messrs. 'Valter and Ebenezer EldWards of Gastoma, N. C., and Dr. James Edwards, who lives in Oklahoma. Several brothers also survive. Captured Big Still. sneriir crown, Magistrate a. j. Quinn and Deputy Carson Hedricks of Clover, captured a large Illicit distillery about one-half mile northwest of Enon church about 9 o'clock Tuesday * morning and although they destroyed the plant, they were unable to apprehend the operators of the moonshine outfit. Having received Information that a "block" was being operated In the vicinity of Enon church, the officers spent the early hours of Tues- m day morning scouring the country and at last their efforts were rewarded by the discovery of the big plant, which, according to Sheriff Brown, Is the largest that has been taken in York courty in some time. About 50C gallons of "beer" was found at the still, which it appeared, had only been In operation a short time. It was evident that the operators had Just disposed of the product of their plant since no liquor was found. The still was a home-made affair of about 70 gallons capacity, and appeared to have been constructed with much care, under the supervision of an old hand. The officers also came into possession of a good double-barrel shotgun which the owners left In their hurried flight. Jim Moss, a resident of the Kings Mountain battleground section, was arrested Wednesday, charged with being one of the operators of tho distilery. He was released on a bond of $200. Assessment of Bank Shares. The matter of the assessment of the * capita', stock, surplus and undivided profits of a bank has been erroneously interpreted, in the opinion of the South Carolina tax commission, in thr.t there is a widespread impressic n i.at the assessments should be pli.cec against the individual stockholders. "Section 345 of the civil code." said A. W. Jones, chairman, "requiref that the value of such shares shall oe entered on the duplicates of ihe county in the names of the owners thereof in amounts apportioned to the number of shares owned by each. This does not mean that the value of these shares shall be entered along with any other property that he might own, nor does it mean that this tax. as assessed, is to be paid by the individual shareholder It is provided in section 347 of the code that the banks may pi y the taxes assessed against the shareholders, and by the act of February 21, 1913, state banks are required to pay these taxes. So It will be seen that It is entirely an erroneous idea that these taxes against shareholders are to be paid by each shareholder separately. These taxes are to be paid as they have always been heretofore paid, by the banks for the shareholders." Mr. Jones has sent detailed information to the county ~ auditors In regard to the proper handling of bank assessments.