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_ ISSXJED SEBn-WKBgl^ L. k. qrist's sons. Publishers. | $<?*milg Jlemspaper: Jfor the promotion of the political, focial, .agricultural and (Commercial interests of the people. | ^ ESTABLISHED 18SS. YORKvYLLE,^ C.^ftjESIDAY, MAY 5,1914. ~ NO. 30. PARRCT By HAROLD % Copyright 1913. The Bobbs-Mer CHAPTER I. East Is East. % It began somewhere in the middle of the world, between L?ondon which which is the end, where all things are is the beginning, and New York, east of the one and west of the other. To be precise, a forlorn landing on the west bank of the muddy turbulent Irrawaddy, remembered by man only, so often as it was necessary for the flotilla boat to call for paddy, a visiting commissioner anxious to get away, or a family homeward-bound. Somewhere in the northeast was Mandalay, but lately known in romance, ^ verse and song; somewhere in the southeast lay Prome. known only in guide-books and time-tables; and farther south, Rangoon, sister to Singapore, the half-way house of the derelicts of the world. On the east side of the river over there, was a semblance of civilization. That is to say, men wore white linen, avoided murder, and frequently paid their gambling debts. But on this west side stood wilderness, not the kind one reads about as being eventually con4k quered by white men; no, the real grim, desolation, where the ax cuts but leaves no blaze, where the pioneer disappears and few or none follow. The pioneer has always been a successful pugilist, but in this part of Burma fate, out of pure admiration for the pygmy's gameness, decided to cell the battle a draw. It was not the wilderness of the desert, of the jungle; rather the tragic, hopeless e,a?" "f ? settlement that neither progressed, retarded, nor stood still. ^ Between the landing and the settlement itself, there stretched a winding road, arid and treeless, perhaps two miles in length. It announced definitely that its end was ^ futility. All this day long, heavy bullock-carts had rumbled over it. rumbled toward the landing and rattled emptily back to the settlement. The dust hung like a fog above the road, not only for this day. but for all days between big rains. Each night, however, the cold heavy 4 dews drew it down, cooling but never congealing it. From under the first footfall the next day it rose again. vvnen tne goas, or me v. Providence, arranged the world as a fit habitation for man, India and C Burma were made the dust-bins. And as water finds its levels, so will dust, earthly and human, the quick and the dead. It was after five in the afternoon. The sun was sinking, hazily but swiftly; riobons of scarlet, ribbons of rose, ribbons of violet, lay one upA on the other. The sun possessed no definite circle: a great blinding radiance like metal pouring from the mouth of a blast-furnace. Along the road walked two men, phantom-like. One saw their heads dimly and still more dimly their bodies to the knees: of legs, there was nothing visible. Occasionally they stepped aside to permit some bullock-cart to pass. One of them swore, not with any evidence of temper, not viciously, but in a kind of mechanical protest, which, from long usage, had become a habit. He directed these epithets never at animate things, never at anything he could by mental or physical contest overcome. He swore at the dust, at the heat, at the wind, at the sun. The other wayfarer, with the inherent patience of his blood, said ^ nothing and waited, setting down the heavy kit-bag and the canvas valise (his own). When the way was free again he would slir.g the kit-bag and the valise over his shoulder and step back into the road. His turban, once white, was brown with dust and sweat. His khaki uniform was rent under the arm-pits, several buttons were gone: his stockings were rusty black, mottled with patches of brown skin; and the ragged canvas shoes spurted little spirals of dust as he walked. The British-Indian government had indulgently permitted him to proceed about his duties as guide A and carrier under the cognomen of James Hooghly, in honor of a father whose surname need not be written here, and in further honor of the river upon \\ hich, quite inconveniently one early morning, he had been born. For he was Eurasian; half European, half Indian, having his place twixt heaven and hell, which is to say, nowhere. His father had died of a complication of bhang-drinking ^ and opium-eating; and as a consequence, James was full of humorless imagination, spells of moodiness and outbursts of hilarious politics. Every native who acquires a faculty in English immediately set out to rescue 4P India from the clutches of the British raj. occasionally advancing so far as to send a bullet into some harmless individual in the civil service. James was faithful, willing and strong: and as a carrier 01 uuruens, took unmurmuringly his place beside the tireless bullock and the elephant. He was a Methodist: why, no one could find lucid answer, since he ate no beef, drank from no common cup, smoked through his fist when he enjoyed pipe, and never assisted Warrington Sahib in his deadly pursuit of flies and mosquitoes. Ho was Hindu in all his acts save in his manner of entering temples; in this, the Kuropean blood kept his knees unbended. By dint of inquiry his master had learned that James looked upon his baptism and conversion in Meth? odism as a corporal would have looked upon the acquisition of a V. C. Twice, during fever and plague, he had saved his master's life. With the guilelessness of the Oriental he considered himself responsible for his 4 master in all future times. Instead of paying off a debt he had acquired one. Treated as he was. kindly but always firmly, he would have surrendered his life cheerfully ai the beck of the white man. Warrington was an American. He r & co. MACGRATH rill Company. was also one of those men who never held misfortune in contempt, whose outlook wherever it roamed was tolerant. He had patience for the weak, resolution for the strong, and a fearless amiability toward all. He was like the St. Bernard dog, very difficult to arouse. It is rather the way with all men who are strong mentally and physically. He was tall and broad and deep. Under the battered pith-helmet his face was as dark as the Eurasian's; but the eyes were blue, bright and small-pupiled, as they are with men who live out-of-doors, who are compelled of necessity to note things moving in the distances. The nose was large and well-defined. All framed in a tangle of blond beard and mustache, which if anything,, added to the general manliness of his appearance. He, too. wore khaki, but with the addition of tan riding leggings, which had seen anything but rocking horse service. The man was yellow from the top of his helmet to the soles of his shoes?outside. For the rest, he was a mystery, to James, to all who thought they knew him, and most of all to himself. A pariah, an outcast, a fugitive from the bloodless hand of the law: a gentleman born, once upon a time a clubman, college-bred; a contradiction, a puzzle for which there was not any solution, not even in the hidden corners of the man's heart. His name wasn't Warrington: and he had rubbed elbows with the dregs of humanity, and still looked you straight in the eyes because he had come through inferno without bringing any of the defiling pitch. From time to time he paused to relight his crumpling cheroot. The tobacco was strong and bitter, and stung his parched lips; but the craving for the tang of the smoke on his tongue was not to be denied. Under his arm he carried a small iron cage, patterned something like a rat-trap. It contained a Rajputana parrakeet, not much larger than a robin, but possessor of a soul as fierce as that of Palladin. minus, however, the smoothing influence of chivalry. He had been born under the eaves of the scarlet palace in Jaipur (so his history ran); but the proximity of Indian princes had left him untouched; he had neither chivalry, politeness, nor diplomacy. He was, in fact, thoroughly and consistently bad. Round and round he went, over and over, top-side, down-side, restlessly. For at this moment he was hearing those familiar evening sounds which no human ear can discern; the mutterings of the day-birds about to seek cover for the night. In the field at the right of the road stood a lonely tree. Tt was covered with brilliant scarlet leaves and blossoms, and justly the natives call it the Flame of the Jungle. A flock of small birds were gyrating above it. "Jah, jah! Jah?jah?ja--a-h!" cried the parrot. imitating the Burmese bell?gong that calls to prayer. Instantly he followed the call with a shriek so piercing as to iting the ear of the man who was carrying him. "You little sun-of-a-gun." he laughed, "where do you pack away all that noise?" There was a strong bond between the big yellow man and this little green bird. The bird did not suspect it. but the man knew. The pluck, the pugnacity and the individuality of the feathered comrade had been an object lesson to the man, at a time when he had been on the point of U ? Or ?11\ thn ficrht imuniiife up ?..v ' Jah. jah! Jah?jah?ja-a-h!" The bird began its interminable somersaults, pausing only to reach for the tantalizing finger of the man, who laughed again as he withdrew the digit in time. For six years he had carried the bird with him, through India and Burma and Malacca, and not yet had he won a sign of surrender. There were many scars on his forefingers. It was amazing. With one pressure of his hand he could have crushed out the life of the bird, but over its brave unconquerable spirit he had no power. And that is why he loved it. Far away in the past they had met. He remembered the day distinctly and bitterly. He had been on the brink of self-destruction. Fever and poverty and terrible loneliness had battered and beaten him flat into the dust from which this time he had had no wish to rise. He had walked out to the railway station at Jaipur to witness the arrival of the tourist train from Ahmadabad. He wanted to see white men and white women from his own country, though up to this day he had carefully avoided them. (How he hated the English, with their cold-blooded suspicion of all who were not island born!) The natives surged about the train, with brass ware, antique articles of warfare, tiger-hunting knives (accompanied by perennial fairy tales), skins and silks. There were beggars, holy men, guides and fakirs. Squatted in the dust before the door of a first-class carriage was a solemn brown man. in turban and clout, exhibiting performing parrots. It waa Rajah's turn. He fired a cannon, turned somersaults through a little steel hoop, opened a tiny chest, took out four-anna piece, carried it to his master, and in exchange received some seed. Thereupon he waddled resentfully back to the iron-cage, opened the door, closed it behind him, and began to mutter belligerently. Warrington haggled for two straight hours. When he returned to his sordid evil-smelling lodgings that night, he possessed the parrot and four rupees, and sat up the greater part of the night trying to make the bird perform his tricks. The idea of suicide no longer bothered him: trilling thought it was. he had found an interest in life. And on the mor row came the Eurasian, who trustfully loaned Warrington every coin that he could scrape together. Often, in the dreary heart-achy days that followed, when weeks passed ere he saw the face of a white man, when he had to combat opium and bhang and laziness in the natives under him, the bird and his funny tricks had saved him from whisky, or worse. In camp he gave Rajah much freedom, its wings being clipt, and nothing pleased the little rebel so much as to claw his way up to his master's shoulder, sit there and watch the progress of the razor, with intermittent "jawing" at his own reflection in the cracked mirror. Up and down the Irrawaddy, at the rest house, on the boats, to those of a jocular turn of mind the three were known as "Parrot & Co." Warrington's amiability often misled the various scoundrels with whom he was at times forced to associate. A man who smiled most of the time and talked Hindustani to a parrot was not to be accorded much courtesy; until one day Warrington had settled all distinctions, finally and primordialiy, with the square of his fists. After that he went his way unmolested, having soundly trounced one of the biggest bullies in the teak timber yards at Rangoon. He made no friends; he had no confidences to exchange; nor did he offer to become the repository of other men's pasts. But he would share his bread and his rupees, when he had them, with any who asked. Many tried to dig into his past, but he was as unresponsive as granite. It takes a woman to find out what a man is and has been; and Warrington went about women in a wide circle. In a wav he was the most baffling kind of a mystery to those who knew him; he frequented the haunts of men, took a friendly drink, played cards for small sums, laughed and jested like any other anchorless man. In the east men are given curious names. They become known by phrases, such as, The Man Who Talks, Mr. Once Upon a Time, The One-Kupee Man, and the like. As Warrington never received any mail, as he never entered a hotel, nor spoke of the past, be became The Man Who Never Talked of Home. "I say, James, old sport, no more going up and down this bally old river. We'll go on to Rangoon tonight, if we can find a berth." "Yes, Sahib; this business very piffle," replied the Eurasian without turning his head. Two things he dearly loved to acquire: a bit of American slang and a bit of English silver. He was invariably changing his rupees into shillings, and Warrington could not convince him that he was always losing in the transactions. They tramped on through the dust. The sun dropped. A sudden chill be gan to penetrate the haze. The white man puffed his cheroot, its wrapper dangling; the servant hummed an Urdu lullaby; the parrot complained unceasingly. "How much money have you got, James?" "Three annas." Warrington laughed and shook the dust from his beard. "It's a great world. James, a great and wonderful world. I've just two rupees myself. In other words, we are busted." "Two rupees!" James paused and turned. "Why, Sahib, you have three hundred thousand rupees in your pocket." "But not worth an anna until I get to Rangooon. Didn't those duffers give you anything for handling their luggage the other day?" "Not a piece. Sahib." "Rotters! It takes an Englishman to turn a small trick like that. Well, well; there were extenuating circumstances. They had sore heads. Xo man likes to pay three hundred thousand for something he could have bought for ten thousand. And 1 made them come 10 me, james, 10 me. I made them come to this Godforsaken hole, just because it pleased my fancy. When you have the skewer in, always be sure to turn it around. I believe I'm heaven-born after all. The Lord hates a quitter, and so do I. I nearly quit myself, once; eh Rajah, old top? But I made them come to me. That's the milk in the cocoanut. the curry on the rice. They almost had me. Two rupees! It truly is a great world." "Jah, jah, jah! Jah?jah?jah? ja-a-a-h!" screamed the parrot. "Chaloo!" "Go on! That's the ticket. If I were a praying man, this would be the time for it. Three hundred thousand rupees!" The man looked at the .far horizon, as if he would force his gaze beyond, into the delectable land, the Kden out of which he had been driven. "Caviar and truffles, and Romanee Conti, and Partagas!" "Chicken and curry and Scotch whisky." "Bah! You've the imagination of a he-goat." "All right. Sahib." "James. 1 owe you three hundred rupees, and I am going to add seven hundred more. We've been fighting this old top for six years together, and you've been a good servant and a good friend: and I'll take you with me as far as this fortune will go, if you say the word." "Ah. Sahib, I am much sorry. But Delhi calls, and 1 go. A thousand rupees will make much business for me in the Chandney Chowk." "Just as you say." Presently they became purple shades in a brown world. (To be Continued.) St. Petersburg and the Neva.?When the river Neva rises St. Petersburg is always in danger of inundation. The city was built upon a swamp, and the land has la-en laboriously reclaimed and is liable to overflow by the Neva. That river divides and forms a delta and this delta is embraced within the city limits. Although the main portion of St. Petersburg is situated on the mainland (a peninsula washed on the east by the Neva and on the northwest by the Great Neva), parts of the city stand on islands formed by the arms of the river. The islands, with their gardens and villas, are a pretty feature of the capital. The various parts of the city arc connected by over 100 bridges, the longest being the Troitsky bridge, about a third of a mile in length.?Westminster Gazette. FOOTSTEPS OF THE FATHERS As Traced In Early Files of The Yorkvllle Enquirer NEWS AND VIEWS OF YESTERDAY Bringing Up Records of the Past and Giving the Younger Readers of Today a Pretty Comprehensive Knowledge of the Things that Most Concerned Generations that Have Gone Before. The first installment of the notes appearing under this heading was published in our issue of November 14. 1913. The notes are being prepared by the editor as time and opportunity permit. Their purpose is to bring into review the events of the past for the pleasure and satisfaction of the older people and for the entertainment ana instruction or ine present generatlon. FORTY-FIFTH INSTALLMENT Thursday Morning, November 15, 1860. (The Sentiment in Charleston). The events which have transpired in Charleston within the past ten days, or fortnight, are destined to fill a stirring chapter in the pages of future chronicles of our history. Such excitement as exists there now has scarcely been known before within the memory of the living men. The vast majority of the citizens seem to be in favor of the Immediate withdrawal from the Union. Upon the announcement of Lincoln's election, the officers of the United States army attempted to remove the Federal arms from the Arsenal in the city to Fort Moultrie on Sullivan's island, and for this purpose a sloop was sent to the pier; but the sloop was compelled to return ? V? /-v oiti'/onc rfidlQt WllIlllUl IIIC anna intr VII|UV..U ed the movement. On the evening of the 9th they had a "grand secession rally," in Institute Hall, with warm speeches and enthusiastic cheering: appointed a president and fifty vice presidents and sent a committee of three on a special train to Columbia to interest their delegation to urge immediate resistance. On the same day, in commemoration of the reopening of the Charleston and Savannah railroad, the military turned out; visitors from Savannah were received, and speeches were made in favor of disunion Everything there has the ring of a Southern Confederacy about it. Banners float from the windows of the newspaper offices, bank offices, business houses and across the streets and drives, expressing the prevailing feeling or resistance, greet me eye ai every turn. Ten thousand cheers for glorious old Charleston! Thursday, November 22, 1860, "The York Rangers." At a meeting held at Rock Hill on the 17th instant for the purpose of organizing a cavalry company to be styled the "York Rangers," Col. Cad Jones was called to the chair and M. A. Moore requested to act as secretary. After the chairman had explained the object of the meeting and urged in a clear and forcible manner the propriety and necessity for such an organization in the present crisis of affairs, the meeting, on motion of AlD/xKortonn nrnnopdpfl to thi* hllsi ness of the day, which was the election of officers. On motion of M. A. Moore, the chairman appointed John Biggers, N. A. Steele, Allen Robertson, Daniel Williams, O. E. Mc Steele, Edward Avery, D. D. Moore and W. L. Robertson a committee to nominate officers for the company. After a short consultation, the committee reported the names of E. R. Mills for captain; Edward Avery, first lieutenant, W. L. Robertson, second lieutenant, and W. A. Steele, third lieutenant, which was unanimously approved by the meeting and duly declared elected. On motion of Daniel Williams it was resolved that the servi-e of the company be forthwith endered to the governor of the state by the captain. On motion of Col. Edward Caveny, a committee was appointed by the chairman to draw rules and bylaws for the regulation of the company, to be submitted at tne next meeting. The committee consists of Edward Avery, W. L. Robertson, W. A. Steele, D. D. Moore, and J. C. Hicklin. On motion of Daniel Williams, it was resolved that the proceedings of this meeting be publ.shed in the Yorkville Enquirer and the Rock Hill Chronicle. On motion the meeting adjourned until the 22d instant. Cud Jones, Chairman. M. A. Moore, Secretary. * * The young ladies of the Female college on Saturday evening last, hoisted a very well designed flag on the steeple of their college. On one side is represented a broken chain; the upper links of black linked together with red, and relieved with white, typical of the North; the lower links are pure white and forming a new circle, in the centre of which the sun of Freedom is shining?typical of the sentiment that the South, just ushering in the natal day of her proud and matchless independence, will be "the last asylum of constitutional liberty." On the opposite side is a Palmetto tree, with the word "N'une" above and "Stet" below?a Latin enigma, which freely translated, means "Now let the Palmetto State stand upon her sovereignty." The ground is deep blue: and the whole looks well with its lofty meaning from its lofty eminence. The Jaspers turned out to greet its erection and resolved never to desert it. * * our exchanges bring the news of insurrections rife in different parts of the South: arid we have heard of more daring and impudent "runaways" recently than ever before. These things are largely owing to the agitated state of the country; and art a cause why we should speed that dissolution which alone can bring peace and security. The commotion works its way to the slave population; they gather from one another vague rumors about an abolitionist being elected who is going to set them tree; and they are foolish enough, some of them, carried away by the unreasoned hopp, already to show "the cloven fool." The great body of our slaves, we believe, know how free from care ard how happy they are, and will prove loyal to their masters; a few, however, are Infected, either because they are lazy or rascalish, and are disposed to give their owners trouble. Dissolution will wind up the jig with these. The fact is, in Union is raid after raid, internecine lawlessness and anarchy, servile and civil war; out of it, peace, security, prosperity and the preservation of liberty. God speed the glorious revolution. On Friday evening last the Jasper Light Infantry tried their skill at target shooting?standing and kneeling. The distance, 100 yards, fell far below the utmost range of the guns, and consequently almost all the balls struck above the mark. The proprietor of The Enquirer and Major Clinton made the best shots?Mr. Grist "plugging the centre," and the major breaking the wing of the target. We understand that the members of the company are t:o shoot for a silver cup soon. (To be Continued.) j. MEXICAN AGAINST MEXICAN Associate Deformed Missionary Tells of Fighting Around Vera Cruz. Yesterday, Sabbath, the fifth day of tha month, a bombshell shot from the Mdxican gunboat "Veracruz" alarmed every one. We were led to believe that the rebels that have been threatening an attack on the city, had fallen back to their first position some twenty miles distant. The stores had all been open until noon and buyers lined the counters, and as is customary on the Sabbath, the market was visited by thousands. Many of the rich and well to do go to market for diversion; Sabbath is also pay day and the working class buy the week's supplies and the masses were doing the marketing for the day. At nine o'clock we met at our little church in he center of the city and had our morning service in Spanish; ninety-six were present and the collection amounted to nine dollars and a few cents, contributed by eight classes. At half past ten o'clock the Mexican congregation went to their homes and the English congregation came in. The service las:ed about an hour, the attention was all that a preacher could ask of an audience and the singing spirited. There is a mixed school for English speaking children right by the side of the church, and a Sabbath school is conducted there every Sabbath morning. The most of these children are attendants at church and they are a bright score of boys and girls. By noon all were at their homes and possibly not one had thought of whet was in store for the afternoon. In December when the battle began, pitiful fear was feelingly shown; houses, offices and stores were closed, but it was quite different last Sabbath. After the Urst shot was fired and the rattle of Mausers began, the most unconcerned indifference was manifested. On the square in front of the telegraph and postofflce buildings was a multitude of human beings, big and little, old and young, male and female, enjoying the refreshing sea breeze and splendid music. Some were promenading the gravel and cement walks, admiring the rich, beautiful Mowers, others sitting in conversation with friends, others slowly driving in carriages and autos round and round the square; two blocks from that is another pretty square on which the municipal bu ldings and cathedral front. Under the portals of the municipal building was the semi-monthly drawing of the Tamaulipas lottery, a splendid band was playing the sweetest music, and scores of all classes were present to hear the numbers read out; four blocks from this square is another and or it had been erected some two scores of booths in which is every device for gambling, and that was crowded v/ith little boys, young men, middle-aged and old men, all animated with the gambling spirit, and gambling, if they had a cent to risk. All this on Sabbath and in hearing of a battle not more tnan a mue ana a half distant. No one could know the results of the encounter, nor could any one anticipate the treatment that might be received from the enemy should their attack be successful. All knew that brother was lighting with brother aid that many were falling on both sides before the continued lire of rifles, machine guns and roaring cannon. Carriages converted into ambulances, carrying the flags of the Red and White Cross societies were driving like Jehu to and from the battlelield, bringing in the dying and wounded. Such things call for the deepest feelings of sorrow; but it was not written in the faces of the crowd. It was a revelation to me. Can people get accustomed to Cod's providence and chastisement? With the night fall, the crack of Iho r-r.a r- ,,f enrinun were hushed, it was a calm that was noticeable, and how I did wish we would never hear it again. At seven o'clock we had an attentive audience to listen to truths founded on, "Dadnos de vuestro aceite." Matt. 25:8. This morning everything was quiet until ten o'clock when the battle was renewed at Dona Cecilia and it has raged all day, and judging by the number of guns and rapidity of the firing, the battle has been fiercely contested. From the high buildings the battle could be seen, but we do not know the results. Men, women and children, non-combatants, have been wounded and killed and many soldiers have been brought in. The house just at the corner from us has been converted into a White Cross hospital, and it is full. The country is bathed in blood and shrouded in sorrow and distress, and the end is not yet. With night fall things are quiet again.?Rev. N'eill E. Pressly in Associate Reformed Presbyterian. The Dark and Bloody Ground.?Before the white man began to explore Kentucky, about the middle of the eighteenth century, the region was ~ "" f, ir mtnv lnrpp U. VUBl lUIIIUiih Biuui.u tribes ol' the south, north and east, and between these tribes there was continuous conflict for the possession of the rich game privileges. Later on, when the white people settled in the territory, their struggle with the red men was more bitter and persistent than in almost any other section of the continent: hence the sanguinary name that was given t<? the territory. "The Dark and Hloody Ground." I MEXICO'S LEADERS. Pen Picture by a Man Who Knows Them. GEN. HUERTA HAS GREAT ABILITY. Villa is Characterized as Cruel and Cowardly, and Carranza is Said to bt Affable; But Incapable as a Leader of Troops. Who are the big men of Mexico? I Above the din of battle south of the Rio Grande we hear three names? Huerta, Carranza, Villa. As a war correspondent in Mexico, it repeatedly has fallen to my lot to follow each of these men in the field. I have seen each in the heat and action of battle, and have talked with them on conventional topics in time of peace. As a result I have had considerable opportunity to study their characters and to judge their ability to fill the positions they now occupy. At the very crater of the Mexican volcano and the cause of all the trouble is Huerta?Dronounce it Werta. There is a saying in Mexico that it is easier to become president than to fill the office and exercise the authority of the executive head of the nation. Huerta has discovered this, and also that it is easier to get into the presidency than to get out of it. Don Victoriano, as he is known in Mexico City, really was not prepared to assume the office of president and command a people. He had not learned fully how to command an army, for he was made a major general only a few months before the coup that overthrew Madero and placed him in the National palace. Had he been granted a little more time before being forced into the presidential cha'r Huerta might have made a better joo of the presidency, but from the present outlook his end is not far distant. Overreached Himself. Despite the many reports to the contrary, General Huerta is about the strongest man Mexico has produced since the days of Porflro Diaz. But Huerta's lack of knowledge of men and world's affairs has been his failing. He has thought it a trait of strong character to quibble with Uncle Sam with a view of gaining popular support. In this he has been successful to a great extent, but in tampering with the patience of President Wilson over the Tampico incident, he spilled a little more water out of the bucket than he expected. The result has been his discrediting himself in the eyes of his immediate associates and the masses of the Mexican people to such an extent that unless he attempts some new act of cunnimr dinlomacy. he is doomed at the hands of his own countrymen. At least, that is the outlook. Huerta has probably the best technical education of any man in Mexico. What he lacks is practicability?not the kind of which Madero was devoid, but the sound fundamental principles of government and legitimate intercourse between nations. He is ambitious for the good of his country?all Mexicans are, more or less, but he has permitted his ambition to sway his judgment, so that he has stooped to means that slowly, but steadily are working out his doom, perhaps at the hands of a foreign nation, but more likely at the hands of his own people. Huerta's mother was an Indian and his father a Spaniard?a combination that hardly could be practical. His diplomacy and cunning, his crafty ways and his personal fearlessness are the Indian instincts inherited from his squaw mother; his love for fame and cruelty, together with his natural tendency toward oppression of those weaker than he, and his ever-ready willingness to deal injustice, come from his Spanish blood. Graduated an Engineer. Educated in the military school of Chapultepec college. Victoriano was graduated at the age of 21 a commissioned lieutenant of engineers. During his schooling he is said to have developed a liking for scientific subjects, and headed his classes in mathematics and astronomy. I have heard the Constitutionalists remark that had Huerta continued his scientific research and contented himself with the stars and their courses, Mexico would have been a far more peaceful country today. The constitution of Mexico provides that each graduate of the College of Chapultepec must stand ready to give service in the army. Young Huerta first served during the presidency of Lerdo de Tejida in charge of a garrison in the state of Oaxaca. Later he was made captain of engineers and placed in command of a small coast in Guerrero. During his stay in the western state there occurred an incident that showed he had developed a daring nature and also developed what probably is the basis of "Puncho" Vil la's hatred for him. Villa was leading a hand of guerillas in the mountains where Huerta was stationed. The ravages of the bandits on the population of the valley had become so frequent that Huerta decided to put an end to the robbers. Accordingly he took two men and, unarmed, went into the hills in the t neighborhood of Villa's camp. He had gone only a short distance when he was surrounded by Villa's men and told to surrender. Without making a show of resistance and to the disgust of his companions, lie surrendered without a murmur. The bandit chief held his prisoner for several days and finally entered into an arrangement with Huerta by which the latter agreed on a certain day to leave the town where he was stationed in order that the robbers might loot the stores and escape to the hills without the necessity of any blood being spilled. On the day the bandits were to visit the place. Huerta ordered his men to remain indoors and permitted the intruders to reach the centre of the town. As the guerrillas dismounted they were met by a volley from the guns of Huerta's rurales. The party was surrounded and Villa was captured and imprisoned. Later he escaped by breaking out of the jarFounded Army Staff. When Porlirio Diaz became president, Huerta planned the general staff for the Mexican army,which he founded in 1879. Later he became head of the Military Map commission at Jalapa, Vera Cruz, and in the eight years fcdlowing surveyed the greater part of the country. The commission still is at work on the task of mapping the mountainous states of Mexico. In 1901 Huerta was made lieut nant colonel and served in a campaign against the Yaqui Indians in Sonora, and afterward in the war of extermination against the Mayas in Yucatan, until the last of that tribe was deported to the Jungles of Quintana Roo. He then returned to the capital, where he continued his map-making until the rebellion of Madeto in Chihuahua. What has happened in the last three years is too fresh in the public mind to be renumerated. In the field I have found Huerta to be fearless, but his knowledge of military tactics is deficient. During his campaign against Orozoco I watched him fire at a line of hills with fourinch guns for five days without getting a return shot. The soldiers of the Mexican Federal army hardly ever aim or sight when they shoot. In most instances they point their guns in the direction of the enemy and fire. Huerta has carried out this trait in his statesmanship. His carelessness in his dealings with the United States precipitated a crisis at Tampico, and it does not appear as If it will be long before he carries himself to his own end and probable death. Carranza's Career. Born 59 years ago, of pure Spanish stock, with grdy eyes that have come to him from his Goth or Vandal ancestors, who settled in Spain, Venuistiano Carranza, "first chief of the Constitutionalist revolution, was educated for law in Mexico City. He was forced to give up his studies because of defective eyesight. He is a farmer with a small fortune of $200,000, and had no affiliations with the great landed proprietors, such as was Madero. He was elected to the senate from the state of Coahuila under the Diaz regime. He opposed Diaz, however, and resigned, later joining the Madero revolution. During the presidency of Madero, Carranza was made provisional governor of Coahuila, and later was elected. Today he remains in this office on the theory of Huerta's title to the presidency being false. He was recoged by the governors of Sonora, Sinaloa and Durango. For a while he exercised the same federal power over that territory as if he had been president. Carranza is pleasant to talk to and speaks English almost a3 well as Spanish, but he inherits the ideas of Madero and has proved himself equally incapable of restoring peace in the country unaer nis control, ms miiure in this, principally, was caused by his lack of knowledge of military affairs. He never has taken active part in a battle, and has not shown any ability of statesmanship, except the art of quibbling, which is the Mexican's human nature. It was natural that out of the host of bandit chiefs who joined his standard of the San Luis Potosi manifesto calling for effective suffrage, no reelection and the division of lands, that one must arise to assume military leadership of the Constitutionalist cause. Villa aspired for that place and won it, through his recent victories against the garrisons of Huerta in the north. Sentenced by Villa. My first personal meeting with Villa was last July, when he captured the city of Torreon from Huerta. Shortly before the fall of the city, which had been bombarded for a week, in company with two other correspondents, an American and a Mexican, I left the city and entered the rebel lines to ascertain the losses on that side of the fight and also to find a telegraph station in tha virinitv nf Palacio Oomez. We had gone only a little way when we were halted by a squad of rebels, arrested and taken before the rebel chief. In searching the Mexican, the rebels found some papers, which Villa, although he could not read at the time, pronounced as sympathetic to the Federal cause. Accordingly, we were sentenced to be shot. The Mexican was charged with being a spy, and we, despite our protests that we were Americans, and displayed our Federal and rebel passes, were conducted to an adobe wall with him. When lined up before the firing squad, Villa asked us if we had any final word to say. The Mexican spoke up: "It's all very well to shoot us if you have the upper hand," he said, "but you shall die first. I have 150 men in that clump of trees yonder, and, when your men raise their guns to fire, your body will be riddled with bullets." Villa kn?w that the Mexican was a former Federal army officer and took him at his word. He looked at the clump of trees, turned and said disgustedly: "Get on your horses and get out of here." Villa has not the daring of Huerta. He dreads pain and never has been known to lead his forces In battle. His nature is cowardly. His mother was a negro and his father is said to have been an Indian. His cruel nature, evidenced by his torture of prisoners and executions, show his instincts of the savages. Only recently he has consented not to murder prisoners in cold blood. Little hope could be had for Mexico if it were under the leadership of a ( man for whom civilization burns the taper of the middle ages.?By Marvin Ferree of the editorial staff of the Public Ledger, formerly editor of La Tribuna, a Spanish daily in Mexico , City. i The Thrifty Spirit.?It seems easier to be a deacon or elder nowadays than it was in our fathers' time. The portentous solemnity of countenance has 1 gone out with the "blacks" that used 1 to be essential for the duty of stand- 1 ing at "the plate." Only last Sunday, 1 says a correspondent in the Glasgow 1 News, I laid down my mite under the gaze of quite a sprightly deacon wear- ' ing a soft gray hat and a suit of light tweeds! When daddy stands at the plate a certain small toy finds it difficult to observe due decorum as he ' passes into worship. In fact, he shows a desire to take his parent's hand and ! stand at the receipt of collection too. On Sunday, as I sat waiting for the I service to hegin, listen'ng to the chink 1 of the coin in the "plate" in the vesti- ' bule, I heard a young voice uplifted in ' argument with a fond mamma: "But mummy, it's daddy! He'll let us in for nothing. Can't I keep my penny < for another time?" i PREPARED FOR CAMPAIGN Army Inefficiency of Old Times No Longer Apparent. Washington officials believe, says a dispatch from Washington to the New York Evening Post, that, if an army is sent into Mexico, there will be no duplication of the state of unpreparedness in which the army was found a the outbreak of the Spanish war, and which led to rows between officers of high rank and to the scandals which gave "embalmed beef a place In the army annals. With the lesson of the Spanish war behind them the chiefs of departments have done the best they could with the money which was forth coming, and it can be said today that except in the matter of the Held artillery, the army will advance, with a prospect that the men will be well clothed, well fed, and well armed, and that every precaution will be taken and every means afforded to save them irom me ravages 01 disease. It was just after the Spanish war that the general staff of the army was established. The general staff not only has looked after plans for operations in case of emergency, but it has done what it could to see that the supplies of all kinds were properly distributed and made available for Instant use. Under an act of congress, approved two years ago, the quartermaster, subsistence, and pay departments of the army were consolidated into a single corps to be known as the quartermasters' corps. July 1, 1907, President Roosevelt nominated Maojr James B. Aleshire as brigadier-general in command of the quartermasters' department, and on August 24, 1912, President Taft nominated him to be major general. Today Gen. Aleshire has authority over the three departments, which, consolidated, make up the quartermasters' corps. Brig.-Gen. Henry G. Sharpe is the commissary general, and Brig.-Gen. Carroll A. Devol is the paymaster general of the army. The responsibilities resting on Gen. Aleshlre are, perhaps, greater than those which rest on any other man of the United States army. With. Gen. Sharpe and the other officers of the quartermasters' corps, he is responsible for feeding and clothing the armies in the field. Soldiers do not growl as hard at the man who leads them to defeat as they do at the man who fails to lead them to dinner. A good many people probably will remember the plight in which an officer of the subsistence department found himself because of the beef scandal of Spanish war days. There was a court martial and a suspension from rank and command, with a heavy if not total, loss of pay for two years. Ever since uen. rornrio ulaz dropped the military dictatorship of Mexico and retired to more congenial quarters abroad, the chiefs of the various army departments have been preparing for trouble in Mexico. It is the duty of the quartermaster general to know what he must do, and what he can do if this country were to become involved in war with any power on earth. The matter is a constant study, and necessitate a shifting of plans occasionally as a possibility of war changes from one quarter to another. The anxieties of the chiefs of these departments are great, and they have been made much greater because of the difficulties which came to the service at the time a part of our army went into Cuba and another part of it went into camps in Virginia, Georgia and Florida, Every effort is being made to keep our army of invason, well supplied with field necessities, and to keep the men as comfortable as possible under the circumstances, and to make it certain that the spirit of the soldiers is kept burning by a sufficient supply of fuel in their stomachs. WHY STARS SHOOT Meteors Falling Toward Sun are Burned by Earth's Friction. Each so-called shooting star is merely a cold little meteor which is moving around the sun in its own path, Just as the Immensely larger comets and plan ets are doing, says St. Nicholas. On the average these particles are moving about 26 miles a second when they are at the distance from the sun that the earth is, and, as the earth itself is moving 181 miles a second, the two bodies are sure to collide with a high velocity. If the earth runs into the particle in such a way as to overtake it, It will strike out air with a speed of only about eight miles a second; if they meet "head on," so to speak, they may come together with a speed of 44 miles a second. In either case, the friction of the air on the cold particle, as this plows through the air, instantly heats it up to a heat so great that it is vaporized and appears to us as a shooting star. The reason why the little meteoric particles are moving so very swiftly in the first place is simply because they are falling toward the sun. If you could carry a stone many millions of miles away from the earth and there let it drop, it would begin to fall toward the earth very slowly, but as it fell it would connnuauy move ituici and faster, until when it finally struck the earth it would be moving no less than seven miles in each second. In exactly the same way each of the little meteoric particles away off in space began long ago to feel the pull, or "gravitation" of our sun and to fall toward that body. If the meteorite and the sun had both been at rest at first, the metecrite would have simply fallen into our sun; but as our sun is moving through space at the rate of 11 miles in each second the meteorite will not hit it exactly, but will miss it and begin to swing around it in a curved path. As the sun is so much larger than the earth, its pull is very much greater. If you could visit the sun, you would find when there that you weighed more than 27 times as much as you weigh on the parth. This great pull of the sun on each side of the meteorites makes them fall very swiftly, indeed; it is because the pull is so strong that when they have fallen toward the sun to the place where the earth is we find them moving some 26 miles in a single second. til Even when he can't make anything ?lse a man can generally be depended upon to make a fool of himself.