Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, November 04, 1913, Image 2
Scraps and Jarts.
? Earnings of the United States
Steel Corporation for the third quarter
of the calendar year last Tuesday
show a marked decrease compared
with the preceding quarter, but are far
in excess of the corresponding quarter
in 1912, according to a New York dispatch.
Exclusive of interest on outstanding
bonds of subsidiary companies,
earnings were $40,933,531; total
income $38,460,400. These figures are
from $2,000,000 to $3,000,000 under recent
estimates and compare with $43,721,633
and $42,219,813, respectively for
the June quarter. The gain in earnings
and total income over the third i
nt inst VPsr amounts in round |
figures to $8,350,000. Surplus for the
quarter is $11,348,778 as against $13,619,365
in June and $2,434,801 in the
third quarter last year. Analyzing the
earnings of July, August and September,
it is seen that none of these
months compared favorably with the
three months of the second quarter.
This is in line with general trade reports
pointing toward a -moderate recession.
The usual dividends are deshares
and 1$ on the cqmmon, involvshares
and 1$ on the common, involving
an outlay of $12,658,700.
? Washington, November 1: With
most of the regulations for the collection
of the income tax out of the
way, the internal revenue officers today
turned their attention to the selection
of the staff to collect the money.
In the next few months three
hundred and thirty four deputy collectors,
forty agents and forty inspectors
are to be appointed. Several
thousand applications for these positions
have been received at the
treasury department Appointments
probably will be apportioned among
the states and in most cases successful
aDDlicants will need the endorse
raent of collectors of Internal revenue
in their districts and be acceptable to
enators and congressmen. Although
the operation of the Income tax law
so far as concerned collections at the
source of income, began today, the
actual cash will not reach the treasury
for many months. Corporations
and others who pay interest on bonds
or mortgages, or who pay salaries or
other forms of income, must withhold
the normal tax of one per cent
except as provided by the law. The
return of the sums withheld will be
made early in the year, but the collections
will not begin until June.
Secretary McAdoo said the regulations
for the collection of the tax put
out by the department might require
changed from time to time.
? Washington, November 1: A
snarl was reached today in the run
nlng discussion 01 toe aamiDuuwiuy
currency bill by the senate banking
committee, when the committee spent
hours in debating the capitalization
and control of the four regional banks
tentatively proposed to administer (he
new syBtem. The debate at times
waxed vociferous and the committee
adjourned tonight until Wednesday
without affirmative action in the question.
Several members took the position
that hope for a unanimous report
from the committee hinged upon
the question of the control of the regional
banks which may lie either
in the srovernment or in the member
banks. The supporters of the strict
governmental control theory declare}
they were prepared to carry their
fight to the floor of the senate. Administration
supporters in the committee
adhered to the plan in the administration
bill as it came from the
house by which the banks would elect
six directors of each regional bank
aDd the Federal reserve board would
appoint three. The board, however,
would have the power to remove three
of the bank directors. The commit"?
?4?*?* - ni-nnnrftlnn advanced
ICC rCJCVkCU V^rvwa?>wM ... ? ...,
by Senator Hitchcock by which the
entire system would be capitalized at
1100,000,000, to be subscribed by the
banks and underwriting the stock
and selling it to the public. This
$100,000,000 would be under the absolute
control of the Federal board
which would distribute it among the
regional banks as " conditions warranted.
The vote on the proposal
was 7 to 4. Senator O'Gorman proposed
that each regional bank be
capitalized at ten per cent of the national
bank capital in the district
which it served, and that each bank
control its own capital. He suggested
two means of securing the capital.
The first would require the banks to
underwrite the stock and offer it to
the public. The second would require
the banks to subscribe the
amount of five per cent of their cap
ltai stocK, ana wouia ica?c mc icmainder
open to public subscription.
Senator O'Qorman's plan was not disposed
of today. The committee deferred
further meeting until Wednesday,
owing to the absence of several members
who have left Washington on account
of the elections.
? Columbia, October 31: Exactly
one dozen people, ten men and two
ladies, attended the called meeting to
organize a Prohibition party, held in
the Y. M. C. A. here last night. Geo.
Gray Lee of Lykesland, state chairman
of the Prohibitionists, presided,
and the evening was taken up with
the address of C. J. Hall of California,
representative of the National Prohibition
parly, who outlined their programme.
Chairman George Gray Lee
declared that it was the intention of
himself and leaders to organize a Prohibition
party independent and separate
from the Democratic party; that
they intended organizing in every
county and every voting precinct, and
to name a county and a complete state
ticket He said they would go to the
general election as a separate party
and appeal 10 me peopie 01 me nunc
to turn out the Democrats and elect
Prohibitionists. He declared that the
Democratic party had done nothing to
enforce prohibition, that nothing in
this line could be expected of the legislature,
and that the Christian citizenship
is tired of prevailing conditions
in South Carolina," He said,
several Christian people had told him
they were sorry they voted in the last
Democratic primary election and were
ready to join the Prohibition party.
That the fight which this wing of the
Prohibition party will make will be
outside the Democratic party was
stated last night emphatically. They
oppose the Anti-Saloon league and declared
that organization had accomplished
nothing for prohibition. They
declare their intention of making the
tight for prohibition on a full state
ticket In the general election. The
promoters of the prohibition party
will call another meeting to organize
and name a state ticket. Their action
confuses still further the already complex
and somewhat chaotic conditions
in political circles. Of the twelve
present at the meeting all but two,
Mr. and Mrs. M. D. Harmon, were
from Richland county. They are residents
of Lexington. Mr. Hail, of the
National Prohibitionists, is trying to
raise a fund of $1,000 in South Carolina
for his party, and said that one
Prohibitionist had olTered to give $500
to this amount if he would raise the
other $500. He said that so far he
had raised $17 of this amount. Very
few people knew the Prohibitionists
were meeting and it failed to excite
any interest in political circles.
? Women of Mexico, says a Rel Rio,
Texas, dispatch, are playing a prominent
part in the warfare of the southern
republic, either as "soldaderas,"
foraging successfully for the men, or
occasionally as actual fighters. This
probably is true because the present
revolution has touched individuals and
the homes more intimately than any
other conflict of recent times. Nearly
every woman in Northern Mexico has
seen war shorn of its theatricality because
it entered the home and left
death and want. In the stage now in
progress at Monterey a valued member
of Gen. Pablo Ganzales's Constitutionalist
command is Senorita Maria
Sanrhm! said to be a wealthy Castil
Han. whose brother was shot by Federal
regulars. She gave up the comforts
of a luxurious home and begged
for permission to replace her brother.
A few months ago at Monclova a son
of Senora Plmental of that city, had
been sentenced to be shot. The mother
got Into the Federal jail by stealth
and stabbed two of the guards and
rescued her son. >! In the Federal
ranks there la told the story, of', the
wife of an officer,-who led the Constitutionalists
into an ambuscade at
Pu-erta Garmen, -and. though, flred MPon
by the maddened troops, galloped
through the lines to her husband's
side. When less than a month ago,
the Federal army of Gen. Maas occupied
the Constitutionalists' provisional
capital at Piedras Negras, on the
American border across from Eagle
Pass, the "soldaderas" played an important
role in the bloodless capture.
A small group of them pitched their
tents on the overlooking hills two
days before their men arrived, acting
as lookouts. When the army arrived
fully 500 of these soldier women acmrrt
nanlprt It. most of them ETUardinf?
the wagon trains, which their skill as
foragerg had stuffed to bursting.
A few hours after the city was occupied
the women spread supper for
the entire army in the open plaza. It
is said a demand for food is never refused
these soldaderas. They are expert
with both knife and riile and not
slow to employ threats of death to
get what they want. One of the famous
women fighters is Mrs. Alonzo
Alanis, who recently surrendered to
the Huerta garrison, in Juarez and
was pardoned by the government. She
developed as a leader during the revolt
against Madero. One night, at
the head of a picked band, she rode
into Juarez, held up the police station,
took all the available arms and
escaped to the hills. She remained
at the head of her troops several
months.
$he ^Jorkvilte inquirer.
Entered at the Postofflce In Yorlrville
as Mail Matter of the Second Class.
YORXVIIXE, 8. C.t
TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 4,1913.
The right of petition is not being
denied?merely Ignored.
Now that Senator McLaurln is out
of their way, all of his former enemies
will be patting him on the back.
It is true as Tillman says that when
he charged that John L. McLaurln was
a traitor, many people believed him;
but we have always had our doubts a3
to whether Tillman himself ever believed
anything of the kind.
Dispatches from New York, Sunday,
said that Sulzer's friends were afraid
that the deposed governor might be
attacked by gangsters, on account of
the increasing depreciation of the
Tammany crowd and every effort was
being made to protect him.
The state of South Carolina, we
understand, is to be divided into districts
for the collection of the Income
tax. and there Is to be one collector for
each district. The district collectors
are to receive as salary from >900 to
$1,200 a year and traveling expenses
with $3 a day in addition for subsistence.
We do not know enough about Mr.
Lowndes J. Browning to say whether
or not he has sufficient force and
ability to interest the people in his
proposed judicial reform programme;
but we do not hesitate to say that in
our opinion that there is lots of room
for imnrovement In the conditions un
der wblch the damage suit Industry is
being waged against corporations for
the benefit of lawyers rather than of
Injured clients.
Senator McLaurln has many friends
and admirers In York county who
would have been glad to have voted
for him for governor; but most of them
belong to a school of high class, free
and Independent thinkers, who have
not given enough attention to practical
politics to realize the hopelessness
of any man's being able to attain the
governorship without the backing of
a strong political organization. If he
had had such an organization three
years ago, Featherstone would have
easily been elected in the second primary.
The Soutnern Commercial congress
last week paid tribute to the memory
of the late Senator John T.
Morgan, giving him full credit for the
building of the Panama Canal. It wll1
be remembered that while Senator
Morgan was the great persistent force
that was responsible for the building
of the canal, he thought the canal
should go across Nicaragua instead
of across the Isthmus of Panama, and
even after the Panama route was selected
he boldly declared that It was
impracticable and that the canal would
never be dug there. That the senator's
prophecy was incorrect, has been
proved; but it has not been proved
that he was wrong in advocating the
Nicaragua route. Indeed, there are
thousands of high authorities who hold
that the Nlcaraguan route would have
been better, and there are many who
believe that Mr. Morgan's canal will
yet be dug?that it will be necessary,
because of the limited capacity of the
rdiiuiutt tuimi?ucuttuoc ui uic tuuuuuous
danger of earth slides, because
of the lack of sufficient water in the
Chagres river to continuously operate
the locks. There was nothin** of the
politician about grand old Senator
Morgan. He was a statesman?a
statesman of the Gladstone stripe.
Withdrawal of McLaurin.
The practical withdrawal of Hon.
John L. McLaurin from the political
field last Thursday, after so many people
had begun to hope that South Carolina
was again to have the benefit of
his valuable services, is a source of
very considerable regret to thousands
of earnest, intelligent and disinterested
well wishers for the general welfare
of the state; but as we see it
there is no occasion for blame, cen
sure or abuse.
As the readers of The Enquirer very
well know, we have for more than
twenty years looked upon Mr. McLaurin
as one of the ablest, cleanest
and most altruistic statesmen South
Carolina has known since the war. He
has been accused of having gone back
on the Democratic party on the question
of the Spanish treaty. The accusation
was never true, as Mr. McLaurin
clearly showed in a speech in the
senate at the time. The Spanish treaty
was not a party measure. Under the
leadership of the late Senator James K.
Jones, now generally conceded to have
been a peanut politician of the smallest
and narrowest type, the Democratic
senatorial caucus had adopted
an obstructive policy on the treaty,
merely for the pifrpose of hampering
the opposition. Mr. McLaurin was
presumably in accord: but the day before
the vote was to be taken, the Filipinos
opened fire on the Americans,
and Mr. McLaurin's patriotism at once
arose above his subservency to a political
whip to which he owed no mor
al obligation. Along with the grand
old Senator Morgan of Alabama, he
voted for the treaty and by a single
vote the United States was saved from
what would have otherwise developed
into a bloody and destructive war with
Germany and perhaps other foreign
powers. The senator's enemies raised
the cry of traitor and deceived thousands
for the time being; but now the
truth is generally understood. Later
Senator McLaurin devoted himself to
the development of the cotton trade of
the south by means of ship subsidy,
and although there was no ground for
such an insinuation, his enemies again
howled "Republican." Just at this
time, Leader Underwood is holding
out for the same idea; but not so in
telligently, by means of his discrimination
of 6 per cent on the tariff duties
as goods carried in American
ships. Mr. Underwood's integrity has
been impeached by none except Mr.
Hobson who wants to beat him to the
senate. Long years afterward, when
Mr. Hearst, as smooth a proposition as
there is in America, published certain
stolen letters of Mr. McLaurin to Mr.
Archbold, which letters related to
purely legitimate business and threw
out the insinuation of bribery, etc.,
Senator McLaurin's enemies forgot all
about the other alleged delinquencies
that had already proved boomerangs,
and sought to blacken his character
with insinuations of his having betrayed
his people to the big trust for
money.
T>"4 ?ikinnra ViaifA Ko/1
nu* nunc ui uicsc unugo umc
anything: to do with Mr. McLaurln'B
final withdrawal from politics. The
great mass of honest, earnest thinking
people over the stale have not been
deceived in regard to him. They know
he is an able, experienced, patriotic
statesman whose one consuming desire
has been to be of real service to
them. They know too .that he has
really been of more practical benefit to
them than has any other man who has
gone to Washington from the south
during the past twenty years. That
does not elect governors or senators,
however.
If any one who has read .that speech
thstt Mr. McLaurin delivered at the
banquet of Blease leaders at the Jefferson
hotel, does not believe that Mr.
McLaurin does not thoroughly understand
the politics of South Carolina,
then they are due to read that speech
again and to study It. It is our deliberate
Judgment that there is not a
man in the state who has a more accurate
comprehension of South Carolina
politics than has Hon. John L.
McLaurin; but this does not necessarily
mean that he is acceptable as a
leader of the leaders. Had Mr. McLaurin
gone to thai banquet with the
. ... ,
aenoerate purpose ui rumuig ana;
with the endorsement of those present
for the governorship, he would have
known exactly what to say and how to
say It. We do not think there is any
doubt of that; but Mr. McLaurin is
not that kind of a man. He is, as he
says, a genuine Tillmanite?a better
Tillmanite that Tillman is or ever was
but his Tillmanlsm means more than
personal place or Individual power. It
means constructive statesmanship that ,
will give to the masses of the people j
the rights, privileges, and precedence
that Is really theirs rather than empty
pats on the back. (
No man knows better than Mr. McLaurin
that this state is dominated by
two great contending parties or factions?one
the party of usurped prlvil- ,
ege, and the other the faction of equal (
rights and the square deal. He knows (
also that as things stand now it is ,
next to impossible for any man to go
It alone. He knows too that the Jef- (
rerson notei aggregation mougn nui
fully In accord with him, or he with It, (
is much closer to the sentiment for
which he stands than Is the other side,
and if It Is not willing to accept this j
leadership, then there is nothing left ,
for him to do but to step down and
out, as he has announced his intention
to do so.
It is quite probable that Governor
Blease could have brought about a different
result if he had desired. We do
not doubt much that he could have
induced the gathering to accept Senator
McLaurin as its leader; but from
the standpoint of the game as it is
played, we would not undertake to say
that this would have been wise. Gov- ,
ernor Blease has reached his present
political ascendancy largely through
J his own efforts, and with but little '
help from prominent leaders. The (
conditions and forces so accurately
described by Senator McLaurin have
contributed more to the governor's
I success probably, than he realizes;
[ but nevertheless it is beyond dispute ,
| that the governor is now backed by a
majority of the voters or sourn Carolina,
Of course, there may have been
changes since the election of last year;
hut there Is no present way of establishing
that fact. The point is that the
governor was in the ascendancy when 1
the people last expressed themselves,
and it is natural -that he should assume
that he still holds that position.
This thing of a governor running for
senator and attempting to dictate who
shall succeed him as governor has
been tested out in South Carolina and
proved to be an exceedingly uncertain
proposition. The governor's attitude
therefore in refusing to try to dictate
who his successor shall be, is not un- i
wise.
THE SULZER CASE J
Comprehensively Sized Up by a High
Authority.
Fortunately, the country as a whole
has not failed to understand the Sulzer
case at Albany. In the estimation
of the public it has not been Governor
Sulzer who was on trial, but his accusers
and his Judges. T/ie legislature
belonged to Tammany, and obeyed
the mandate which ordered the
disposition of a stubbornly honest and
upright governor. The trial of Sulzer
has been the most shameful proceeding
in the history of American administration.
The impeachment of Andrew
Johnson was an ill-advised and
mistaken thing, but it rested upon intense
conviction, and it was dignified
by the sincerity of the accusing house '
and the high character of the senate.
In the case of Governor Sulzer, the ,
charges were brought by a joint in- '
vestigating committee which had :
started out to see what could be found
against the governor. The investiga- '
tion and the trial left the governor's ;
standing, as chief executive, clear and
virtually unassailed. The whole trial
turned upon his campaign receipts '
and expenses last fall. There was no '
attempt to show that he had spent :
money improperly to secure his election.
It was, however, shown that various
supporters had given him considerable
sums of money at that time, '
which he did not expend and which
were placed to his private account. A
number of those who had contributed
such sums testified that they had been
willing to have Mr. Sulzer use the
money as he saw fit, whether to relieve
himself of personal debt or to ,
pay legitimate campaign expenses. ,
From the standpoint of a private gentleman
Mr. Sulzer's collection and expenditure
of money last fall has not
appeared in a pleasant or creditable ;
light. But that anything disclosed on
the trial should have been held as sufficient
ground for impeaching a governor
is ridiculous. If Governor Sul- 1
zer had been willing to do even a part |
of the things Mr. Murphy desired, '
there would have been no thought of 1
impeaching him.?American Review
of Reviews.
LOCAL dkWTJkXXtJB.
NEW ADVERTI8EMENT8
John F. Smith, Yorkvllle 1?Gives notice
that after this date bis gin win
be operated two days a week.
Dickson's Meat Market?At the Rose
stand is ready to furnish everything
in choice meats, vegetables, oysters,
fish. Produce wanted.
McGlll Bros.?Will operate their gin
only three days a week until further
notice.
R. M. Bratton, Williamson Bros., and
Crawford Gin Co.?Make announcement
as to ginning days.
Lyric Theatre?Presents Its moving
picture programme for this evening.
A!so makes a request of us as to Its
service.
G. W. Whitesldes & Co., Sharon?Say
you v/iu make a mistake if you visit
Shalron without visiting them for all
kluds of goods. A good stock at the
lowest prices.
Thomson Co.?Presents an array of
cold weather merchandise and also
invites attention to a line of specials
for next Saturday.
Cloud Cash Store?Invites your attention
to a large list of seasonable
merchandise for November buyers,
including wearables of every kind.
Yorkville Bargain House?Says its
special sale is off but its special low
prices continue and invites you to
see for yourself.
Bank of Clover, Clover?Suggests that
you think twice before you turn your
money loose. It wants your savings
and checking account.
Yorkville Hardware Co.?Can supply
you with galvanized and composition
roofing of best grades.
York Supply Co.?Wants eggs at 35c a
dozen, and wants those who owe it
to pay at once. Field seeds and fertilizers.
*T TaIIo nhnnt new BTO
YY *1, ilCi iiuuii a va*o ... .. 0
cerles he has in stock and wants you
to see him for what you want. Dry
and green hides wanted.
Shieder Drug Store?Invites attention
to a big line of pictures ranging in
price from 5 cents and upward and
wants you to see them.
City Meat Market?Continues to talk
about the best meats. Fish on Saturdays
and oysters every day.
Sam M. Grist?Asks you a question in
regard to life Insurance that should
cause you to stop and think.
Yorkville B. & M. Co.?Has a fresh
shipment of Melrose flour and suggests
that you order a fresh sack.
About other groceries.
There has been talk for some days
to the effect that if the court house
property had been sold yesterday, legal
proceedings would have been commenced
with a view to preventing the
making of the deeds, and the announcement
of W. W. Lewis, Esq., with
reference to the attitude of the owners
law range was taken as an intimation
of such a programme. The Enquirer
has been unable to get hold of anything
more definite; but when the news
was circulated about the streets that
the commission had decided to rebuild
J OA*> , A nrot.
11 II1C UIU nuc, llict c nao oviuv
ty hot talk about restraining orders to
prevent the destruction and waste of
public property that would necessarily
be Involved In the proposition.
Inability to sell the old court house
Is not the slightest excuse In the world
for locating the new building on the
old site. On the contrary, It is the best
possible reason why the new building
Bhould go elsewhere in the interest of
both county and town. If the present
building is razed in order that a new
building might go up, it will be necesBar}r
to spend several thousand dollars
for rent, which expenditure would
not have to be made if the new building
were to go on a new site. If the
commission were to agree to locate the
new building on the Smith lot, the onel
that has been donated free of cost?4
then not only would the county save
the confusion incident to the removal
erf the various county offices, and the
expense of renting quarters for the
transaction of public business, Including
the holding of court; but the town
of Yorkville would still have the benefit
of the present building until the
county should have an opportunity to
sell the same at a satisfactory price.
But just now it looks like the little
bunch that Is Insisting on tearing down
the present building and putting the
new building on the present site, regardless
of lltness or expense to both
town and county, has won out.
ANNUAL PROSPECTU8
The Enquirer's annual prospectus,
on which the 1914 subscriber getting
and returning campaign is based, will
he published within .the next two
weeks, sometime before the 15th Instant.
Our premium offers will be largely
of the same general nature, and all of
about the same value as heretofore,
and well worth while generally.
We are expecting most of the club
makers who have been doing such
good work for The Enquirer to continue
to do so, and we are hoping also
that new clubmakers will be added to
the list of workers.
We have already had notices from
several clubmakers that they are to
take the field as usual, and along with
them several individuals who have not
previously engaged in this work have
notified us* of their intention to Join
the list.
GENTLEMEN OF THE JURY.
The following petit Jurors were drawn
this morning to serve during the first
week of the approaching term of the
circuit court, which convenes on Monday,
November 24:
Haskell Carroll .. ..Bullock's Creek
E. H. Johnson Catawba
R. J. Brown ... York
J. S. Glasscock Catawba
Jno. R. Logan York
J. J. Keller ' Catawba
J. B. Sykes Catawba
B. J. Liilley King's Mountain
G. M. Coldhlll Catawba
E. R. Partridge Catawba
r. C. Rawlinson ... Catawba
A. E. Willis Catawba
r. S. Lambert Bullock's Creek
B. C. Ferguson Fort Mill
5. M. Carothers - ..Catawba
C. F. Sherer York
P. C. Horton King's Mountain
J. E. Armstrong - ...Fort Mill
W. T. Nichols Ebenezer
J. M. Miller Bethel
H. T. Williams York
Robt. T. Allison York
Samuel McDaniel Broad River
A. L. Black York
V. B. Blankenshlp Fort Mill
J. W. Smarr Broad River
J. A. Turner Bethesda
T. L. Sparrow ..Bethel
T. W. Allen York
J. Warren Moore .... ,. .. Bethesda
J. B. Kirley Broad River
A. B. Sheppard Fort Mill
F. Cleve Dunlap York
R. E. Griffin Bethesda
B. S. Giles fori mui
J. Funk Catawba
AUCTION SALES
The auction sales yesterday included
a tract of land sold by the clerk in
the case of B. N. Miller vs. Sanella
Johnson, a tract of 666 acres sold by
S. T. Lanham, master of Spartanburg
county, in the case of George E. R.
Skalowskl vs. J. B. Martin, et al?
and an effort to sell the court house
property.
The property sold at the suit of Miller
vs. Johnson included 87i acres lying
on the west side of Broad River
and Clark's Fork creek, and bounded
by lands of W. M. Faulkner, W. s.
Plexico, W. M. Crawford and others.
It was bought by John R. Hart, attorney
for <950.
The Martin property was first offered
in eleven separate lots ranging in
slxe from thirty acres to SI 4 acres,
with the understanding that it was afterward
to be sold as a whole in a
tract of 666 acres, and if Lt should
bring more as a whole than in lots,
then the sale by lots would be off.
There were announcements of mortgages
to be foreclosed .to secure title,
and of disputes as to lines and title to
parts of the land, and the bidding on
the separate tracts offered, was very
cautious, the average price offered be- j
in* between S3 and S4 an acre.
When the land was put up as a
whole there quickly developed a contest
between Mr. B. T. L. Martin and
the Spartanburg attorney for Skalowlski,
and the land was finally knocked
down to the Spartanburg attorney
for $3,399, a few cents over $5 an acre.
FOR THE OLD SITE.
The court house commission met
yesterday shortly after the attempted
sale proceedings, and with very few
preliminaries. and almost no discussion
decided to locate the new building
on the old site.
Upon the convening of the commission,
Dr. W. G. White, who had charge
of the petitions that were circulated
during the latter part of last week,
and yesterday morning asking that
the court house be located on the lot
donated by Mr. F. E. Smith, or some
lot equally desirable other than the
old lot that may be donated or purchased
at a cost of not more than $5,000;
presented these petitions.
The petitions, which had been circulated
by volunteers in several sechnf
nrHVimit avfl
111/110 Ul II1C WUflkJ I vw?, Wrf ?
tem or a great deal of effort at thoroughness
contained between 300 and
400 names, possibly a hundred of
them having been added in Yorkville
on yesterday.
The commission had evidently made
up its mind on the question beforehand,
as but little consideration was
given to the petitions.
Mr. W. S. Wilkerson moved that all
bids be rejected and that the new
building be erected on the old site.
Mr. John O. Anderson seconded the
motion and the action of the commission
was so accepted.
During the sitting of the commission
an offer was made by Messrs. J. B.
Johnson, C. L. Cobb. Louis Roth and
W. R. Carroll to take the whole property
for $16,000; but the offer was refused.
WITHIN THE TOWN
? Frank, a little son of Mr. R. D. Dorsett,
had two ribs broken last Saturday
while playing with a trapeze. He
is getting along as nicely as could be
expected.
? There is to be a change in the
schedule of C. & N.-W. trains, Nos. 7
and 8, next Sunday, under which
change train No. 7 will pass Yorkville
going south at 12.44 p. m., and train
No. 8, going north, will pass Yorkville
at 4.26 p. m.
? The "Death Stone of India," at the
Lyric last Saturday afternoon proved
to be one of the best and most interesting
stories yet shown by "movies"
In Yorkville. It was a strange mysterious
story, woven around a big emerald
that had served as the eye of an
Indian god until it was stolen, and after
it was stolen, the old priest pronounced
a curse on whoever should
own it and part with it again except
to restore it to where it belonged. The
stone passes through various hands
with each possessor falling dead as he
or she gives it up, until at last an English
maiden, who has become the owner
through gift from her father, places
the eye back in Its proper place with
her own hands. The story is interest
Ing itself; but doubly Interesting in
that it is made to figure in the massec
re at Cawnpore, and there is introduced
the famous relief of that city by
Havelock, the approach of his column
with the bagpipes playing, "The Campbells
are Coming," etc. The treachery
of Nana Sahib is portrayed and also
the massacre of the English women
and children and the throwing of their
bodies into the well. The charge of
the British column on Cawnpore, the
scaling of the walls and the fighting
in the streets are all thrilling in the
extreme. There was a very good audience
throughout the afternoon, and
at night there was a full house. People
who were familiar with the tragic
and heroic history involved were delighted
with the portrayal, and .there
I was general surprise that Mr. McManus
had not advertised such a splendid
| picture more extensively. When asked
about this he said: "To tell you the
truth, I did not know what I had beforehand.
Somehow they failed to
send any advance description, and I
had no way of knowing It was anything
out of the ordinary. I advertise
the regular programme as well as I
can; but I do not want to make a big
fuss about a picture that has no extraordinary
merit because that is calculated
to shake the confidence of the
people and make them stay away
when there is really something good.
But this picture was undoubtedly one
of the best I have ever seen In all my
experience in the business and if I had
had any idea of what it was in time to
let the people know, I certainly would
not have spared pains or expense to
properly advertise it. As you know I
am giving the people the very best
service .to be had; but even at that,
there is a sorry picture from time to
time and 1 can't help it. But I am sorry
I did not know about this picture
sooner?sorry on account of my pa
trons ana on my own acouni.
ABOUT PEOPLE
Mr. Hugh McLucas of McColl, S. C..
spent Sunday In Yorkvllle.
Mr. Lamar Pegram of Gastonia, visited
relatives In Yorkvllle, Sunday.
Mr. J. D. Alsbrook, of Manning, has
taken charge of the school at Delphos.
Mr. Bedford Moore of Charleston,
visited relatives In Yorkvllle this week.
Mr. Oscar Plaxlco of the Presbyterian
college, Clinton, visited Yorkvllle
relatives last week.
Mrs. J. C. Mackorell of Lancaster, Is
the guest of Mrs. J. S. Mackorell In
Yorkvllle.
Mr. and Mrs. H. F. Adlckes of Asheville,
N. C., visited relatives In Yorkvllle,
last week.
Miss Mary Moore of Rock Hill, visited
Miss Mary Starr In Yorkvllle this
week. '
Mr. W. W. Jenkins, Jr., of Spartanburg,
visited Yorkvllle relatives last
week. ,
Mrs. Janie Parish of Winston-Salem,
N. C., visited friends In Yorkvllle,
last week. i
Mrs. W. L. Baber of Yorkvllle, left
Saturday to spend some time in Charleston.
Miss Ethel Latimer of Monroe, Ga.,
Is visiting her parents, Mr. and Mrs.
W. C. Latimer in Yorkvllle. <
Mr. R. J. Davis, of No. 2, Clover, has
been quite ill for some days; but is
now able to be out again.
Mrs. J. L. Brandon, of No. 2, Clover,
who has been quite ill for some time
la improving slowly.
Mr. Frank Feemster of Rock Hill,
spent Saturday and Sunday with relatives
on Yorkvllle R. F. D. 4.
Mr. John S. James, who has been
spending some time In Galax, Va., has
returned to his home in Yorkvllle.
Mr. Harold Davis, of Clover No. 2,
had his hand pretty badly injured in a
cotton gin one day last week; but will
not lose any Angers.
Miss Lela Carroll returned to her
home in Yorkvllle, Saturday, after several
weeks' visit to relatives In Greenville,
N. C.
MlRgpa .Tiilln nnd Hplpn Wlthprxnnon
have returned to their home In Yorkvine,
after spending two weeks In New
York.
Miss Julia Smith who has been
spending several months with relatives
in Texas, has returned to her
home In Yorkvllle.
Mr. and Mrs. T. W. Clawson, Jr., of
Denver, Col., spent several days last
week with Mrs. Helen Adickes in
Yorkvllle.
Mr. J. E. Stroup, of Yorkvllle, was
struck in the eye by a small piece of
gravel, while out in an automobile recently,
and has since been suffering
great pain.
Rev. J. L. Oates and Elder John B.
Plaxco left yesterday to represent the
Yorkvllle A. R. P. church at Presbytery,
which meets at New Perth, In
North Carolina tonight, and from New
Perth they will go to Statesvll>!e as
delegates to the A. R. P. Synod.
The following teachers who were
antftHD Inft^ hv Vnrlfvlllo resMpnta at
tended the meeting of the Teachers'
Association last Saturday. Misses
Bessie Poag, Lucile Fry. Roberta
Wardlaw, Lucile Sales, Claude Godfrey,
May Love, Fannie Withers, Leila
A. Russell, Lottie Barron, Alma Bowman.
Mary Roach, Profs. Lueco Gunter.
El W. Hall. Rock Hill; Susie
White, Genevive Br&tton, Minnie May
Garrison, Isabel Grier, Helen M. Ardrey,
Mrs. J. N. Atwater, Prof. J. P.
Coates, Fort Mill; Prof. B. C. Riddle.
Clover; Misses Anna Cherry Schorb,
Bullock's Creek; Felicia Spearman,
Miller; Bessie Sherer, Pine Bluff; Mrs.
S. A. Mitchell. Blalrsville; Mrs. J. H.
Belk. Beersheba; Misses Mary Clark,
Annie Miller, Guthrlesvlllet Evelyn
Fraser, Bethesda; May Russell, Latta;
Lillis and lone Ashe, McConnellsvllle;
Annie Jackson, Lizzie Wood. Filbert;
Zula Stephenson, Philadelphia; Willie
May Grayson. Bethany; Lucile Rabb.
Emily Wylle, Prof. R. H. Holliday,
Hickory Grove; Mrs. Maud Lee, Ancona
Cotton Mill; J. Roy Grayson,
Santiago; Miss Sue McFarland, Miss
Kate R&tchford.
AUCTIONING THE COURT HOU8E
There was a tremendous crowd In
the court house yard yesterday to witness
the sale of the court house property.
The people came from all sections
of the county, and they pretty
well filled the entire front of the yard,
especially that corner between Congress
and Liberty street gates. They
anticipated some lively bidding for the
old property, both as a whole and as
cut up In separate lots; but they were
disappointed, not to say disgusted, as
me mucn lamea 01 bmo pruveu a. wuiplete
fiasco.
Chairman Brice read the published
notice of sale explaining that the prop*
erty was first to be sold as a whole at
an upset price of $16,000, and the successful
bidder at or over that sum was
to take the whole property, including
the building; but there was to be a
subsequent sale of the property as cut
up in seven lots, and if the seven lots
brought more in the aggregate than
when the property was sold as a whole,
the first sale was to be off and the
building was still to belong to the
county, and to be sold to the highest
bidder.
W. W. Lewis, Esq., representing
Williams and McElwee, owners of the
law range, and formerly claimants to
the title to the strip on which the
law range platform stands, gave notice
of a decree of court in which it
was set forth that the claimants of
this strip must give the same up
whenever the same shall be required
for court house purposes. He went on
to say that Messrs. Williams and McElwee
did not consider the sa!e of the
property as being for court house purposes,
leaving the inference that the
claimants would defend whatever
rights In the matter that they may
still have. Mr. Brlce announced that
Messrs. Williams and McElwee had
been served with three months' notice,
as required In the decree, and with
these announcements, the sale proeeded.
The auctioneer first offered the property
as a whole with the understanding
that there was to be no sale
unless the property should bring the
pset price of $16,000. The bidding
started at $10,000 and went on up to
4,500 where it ceased.
Next was attempted the sale by lots
the corner lot "No. 5," being offered
first. The lot was started at about
$3,000 and the bidding went up slowly
until finally the lot was knocked down
to Dr. J. B. Johnson of Rock Hill, for
$4,700. The only other bidder was Mr.
W. R. Carroll, of Yorkville.
Lot No. 3, fronting on Congress
street, was next offered. This lot was
bid off by Dr. W. G. Stevens of Rock
Hill, for $1,600, Mr. W. R. Carroll and
perhaps others, bidding against him.
Lot No. 2, between lots 3 and 4, was
bid off by Dr. Stevens for $1,300, Mr.
Louis Roth and Mr. W. R. Carroll bidding
against him.
Lot No. 1 was bought by Mr. Louis
Roth, for $1,300, Dr. J. B. Johnson, Mr.
\V. R. Carroll and Dr. Stevens being
the other bidders.
Dr. W. G. Stevens bought lot No. 7,
for $1,450, over the same bidders who
had competed for the other lot
Mr. J. A. Tate ran lot No. 6, up to
$974 and Dr. Stevens bought it for
$975.
Drs. J. B. Johnson and W. G. Stevens
and Messrs. Carroll and Roth bid
on lot No. 4. Dr. Johnson bought it
for $2,000.
After all the lots had been offered,
the auctioneer offered the building.
There was but a single bid of $500, and
it was knocked down to Dr. Stevens.
The total bids for the lots as offered
separately amounted to only $13,725,
when the upset price called for $16,000,
there was, of course, no sale.
TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION
The York county Teacher's assocla
tlon held Its fall meeting In .the Yorkville
Graded school auditorium last
Saturday with the largest attendance
of teachers that has been present at a
meeting of the body in some time.
President R. k. Holliday, principal of
the Hickory Grove High school, presided.
The meeting was begun with prayer
by Rev. Henry Stokes, after which Superintendent
of Education John E.
Carroll, acting for Mayor John R. Hart
who was unable to be present, welcomed
the teachers to Yorkville. Mr.
Carroll said he had heard Rock Hill
people gay that Yorkville people didn't
care whether anybody came to Yorkville;
nevertheless he was glad to welcome
the teachers to the town.
Prof, Holliday responded saying the
teachers were glad to meet in Yorkville
and he trusted that the meeting
would be beneficial to all.
Miss Garrison of the Fort Mill
school read an instructive and carefully
prepared paper on the subject,
"Why are the results in the teaching
of reading In the primary grades so
unsatisfactory ?"
Following the reading of the paper,
the subject was thrown open to the
association for discussion. Superintendent
John E. Carro-n said that although
his work lay with the country
schools, it had been his observation
that reading is the poorest taught subject
and that the trouble comes with
tne teacnerg. ah mose in onukc ui
schools should eret teacher's manuals
and be largely guided by them.
Miss Leila A. Russell did not think
the children were sufficiently drilled
in the primer. One trouble was the
kind of questions asked. They were
too broad for the children to comprehend.
Miss Withers, of Wlnthrop, thought
the children of primary grades looked
at words without getting the thought
of the word. They should be taught to
see the thought of words. Upon being
asked as to how children could be
taught to see thought. Miss Withers
replied that a teacher should never
stress a word not connected with a
thought. Illustrate by pictures, etc.,
and get the children Interested In
concrete things.
Prof. B. C. Riddle of the Clover
school wanted to know a simple way
of saving time in a class room. Coun
try teachers have to hear tnirty-nve
or forty recitations a day, and it is
impossible to give much time to any
one recitation.
Miss Leila A. Russell thought the
best way to save time was by teaching
reading correctly. Teachers, she
thought, could save time by co-relation
and combination. Good reading
can be made*out of history and geography.
Superintendent John E. Carroll
thought the school children talked in a
voice too low and would be glad to see
the evil remedied.
Miss Withers thought that if the
teacher could walk to the back of a
child while the pupil was reading and
would close her (.the teacher's) book,
then it would cause the child to read
louder, but if the pupil could not grasp
the thought of the paragraph it was
reading, then the teacher must learn
I UIC UII1IU IU uu B??.
Prof. R. H. Holliday was of opinion
that if a teacher couldn't read, she
could not teach the pupils to read, and
since a great many teachers were not
good readers, many pupils were naturally
backward in this branch of
study.
Superintendent Koon, of the Bethany
school, was on the programme to
read a paper on "The Relative Importance
of Various Subjects in the Common
School Course of Study." Prof.
Koon was not present at the meeting,
however, and Prof. Lueco Gunter of
Rock Hill lead in a discussion of the
subject He said the subject was quite
a big one and when it comes to relative
importance It is largely a question
of which you would, have, bread
or water. Both are necessary. So are
a number of studies necessary. Reading
is very important and in primary
grades should be the chief subject of
study. A mistake was made when number
work was Impressed on primary
pupils too strongly. In the fourth
grade, pupils should be able to read
fluently and thus be ready for other
work. Some history could be taught
in primary grades.
Prof. B. C. Riddle, like Prof. Gunter.
thought the subject a big one. The
relative importance of studies would
vary in different schools. Thus some
important studtes in the Yorkville
school would not have the same importance
at Clover and the same rule
applies to the different schools. Number
work is of relative Importance to
reading since it is a tool in the hands
of children. The study of geography
should be stressed while neatness, expression
and manual training, is the
art of putting knowledge into nractice.
Following discussion of this subject
Miss Leila A. Russell suggested next
Friday as clean-up day In all of the
schools In the county. She thought
School Improvement associations of
great importance and hoped every factor
would be brought into play to carry
on the work.
President Holllday Introduced to the
association, Rev. Alexander Martin of
Rock Hill, who read a paper in which
he spoke of various things connected
with school work. The speaker talked
of the relation of teacher to teacher
and the practice of exchanging ideas
which he thought was good. There
are some teachers so progressed as to
think they can learn nothing from
others, and yet everybody can learn
something from those in a lower position.
In conclusion the speaker told
of a mouse which was caught in a trap
and yet ate the bait which was a piece
of cheese. He was a little mouse and
when his captor saw him and saw the
cheese had been eaten he released the
mouse for his nerve. Rev. Mr. Mar
tin's advice to the teachers was mat
no matter what kind of a trap they
were caught In. whether political, pedagogic,
scholastic or matrimonial?
any kind, always eat the cheese.
Upon invitation of Miss Leila A.
Russell, the association decided to hold
its next meeting at Wlnthrop college.
Prof Gunter suggested that the association's
executive committee be
composed of the officers of the organ!
lzation as it was difficult to get a full
meeting of the committee and he was
in favor of one vice-president.
Prof. Witherspoon suggested five
members of the association, the president.
first and second vice-presidents,
the secretary and treasurer compose
the executive committee. This suggestion
was adopted and Superintendent
John E. Carroll was elected secretary
and Miss Leila Russell, treasurer.
Prof. J. P. Coates of Fort Mill, was
elected first vice-president, and Prof.
B. C. Riddle, of Clover, second vice
president.
Superintendent John E. Carroll be
tore adjournment isaueu a vmuicusc m
any member of the association for a
spelling match against him at the next
meeting of the association.
LOCAL LAC0NIC8.
Progress of Registration.
The supervisors of registration put
in quite a busy day yesterday, there being
quite a large number of applicants
for registration certificates.
Cotton Belt School Opens.
The Cotton Belt school, four miles
west of Yorkville, began its fall session
yesterday with a good attendance.
Misses Kittle Blair and Lillian Kirkpatrick
are teaching the school.
r>:_J aL? D.,?:NAa?
UIU l"0 ?? .
I want to pay for that little advertisement
I Inserted recently, said Mr.
J. B. Barron, of Tlrzah, yesterday. It
sold the mules I offered. I had been
trying to sell for some time; but did
no good until after the advertisement
was published.
Yorkville School Lotos.
The Yorkville Graded school football
team In charge of Prof. J. H.
Wltherspoon, went to Greenwood yesterday
morning where they played the
Bally Military Institute of that place
yesterday afternoon. Yorkville was
defeated, 27 to 0, the military boys
showing themselves to be superior to
the Yorkville boys In all stages of the
game.
Cotton Ginnod to October 18.
Mr. Joseph M. Taylor, special agent
of the census department, who collects
cotton gin statistics for-York county,
reports that the total number of bales
of cotton ginned in this county this
year up to October 18, was 16,147 as
against 15,164 up to the same date last
year. This year's ginnings shows an
Increase of 1,263 balea
Another 8till Destroyed.
Constables J. F. Jackson and C. 8.
Hedrlcks destroyed a large still at the
Dicky spring branch on the line of
the Martin lands, about three miles
from the battleground yesterday afternoon
shortly after S o'clock. The
still was being operated by three white
men when the officers arrived, but
they escaped. The spoils included the
still, about 1.000 gallons of beer, thirty
bushels of meal, a hat, suit of
clothes and basket of rations. The
still and worrh were brought to the
sheriffs office.
Inspecting the 8ohoola
County Superintendent of Education
John E. Carroll and Mr. T. E. McMackIn,
of the Tork county school board,
were out two days last week inspecting
the country schools and the work
will be continued. The object Is to Inspect
the buildings, general conditions
connected with the schools and the
quality of the work being done. The
schools of Oak Ridge, Bethesda Graded,
Bethesda, Tlrxah, Filbert, Clover,
Bowling Green. Ridge. Bethel. Glen
dale. Miller and Pine Bluff have thus
far been visited by Messrs. Carroll and
McMackln. Prof. E. W. Hall of the
county school board, will go on inspection
tours with them hereafter.
Death of Mrs. Ida Matthews.
Mrs. Ida Matthews died at her home
at Old Point yesterday afternoon, after
having been in a paralyzed condition
since Thursday. She was in her usual
good health until Thursday at noon
and was stricken while engaged in the
cook room. The deceased was about
67 years of age. She was a daughter
of the late Wm. Simril, and the wife
of Mr. J. H. Matthews, who survives
her. Besides her husband she leaves
two sons. Messrs. B. Hi and J. 8. Matthews,
and is also survived by two
sisters, Mra Jennie CHenn and Mrs.
Delia Lumpkin. The funeral takes
place at Ebenezer this afternoon at
3 o'clock.
MERE MENTION
The street, car system of Indianapolis.
Ind.. Is completely tied up by a *
strike of the employes. The strikers
have been doing much damage to property
and riots are frequent. The governor
has refused to Interfere The
new Income tax law will place 414
new jobs at the disposal of the Democratic
administration. These will include
SS4 deputy collectors In
Rowan county, N. C., yesterday. 111
public schools were opened for the
winter session ..Elections are being
held In New York, New Jersey,
Massachusetts, Maryland, Pennsylvania,
Kentucky and Virginia today.
Massachusetts, New Jersey and Virginia
are electing governors
Klncaid, I1L, has been laid out to be a
model town. On paper it is to have no
saloons, no labor troubles, and Is to be
electrically heated and lighted..
The state entomologist of Kansas, believes
he has found a way to stop the
ravages of the grasshopper. He says
to disc the land in the spring to Hll
the ens and sDread not son In Jnlv ?n
kill the insects A Molena, Ga?
physician has been fined $250 or twelve
months in the penitentiary for beatIns
an imbecile. Vice President
Marshall says that he *ot in round
numbers 500 lickings when he was a
boy A broom handle tectory at
Brutus, Mich., has closed after running
ten years and producing 14,004,000
handles To punish a henroost
thief, the mayor of Marlon, O.. put the
thief in Jail and fed him nothing but
eggs for five days. The culprit claims
that the sight of eggs makes him sick.
At Kittanning, Pa., Friday night,
the fancy costume of a woman who
was celebrating Halloween, caught
fire and she was seriously burned
Miss Edna tarry died at An Ores,
Mich., Friday, the result of spilling a
bottle of acid on her breast over her
heart Absorption of the acid killed
her....... A Chicago thief on Friday
night stole a hot stove and later returned
and got the pipe Two termers
of Lancaster coupty, Pa., were .<??
killed Friday night by two motor cyclists
who went through the southern
portion of the county at high speed,
firing as they went Percy Lambert,
holder of many world's speed
rpcnrdfl wai killed In an nutnmohtl*
accident in England, Friday. Lambert
was driving his car at a speed of 114
miles an hour when a tire burst, somersaulting
the car and crushing him to
death Wesley H. Terry, 61 years
old, former mayor of Floyd, Va, Is in
Jail at Roanoke, Va., chaired with attempting
criminal assault on a 16year-old
girl of Floyd county. Terry
bad a narrow escape from being
lynched Mrs. Bessie J. Wakefield,
was convicted at New Haven, Conn.,
Friday on the charge of complicity in
the killing of her husband last June.
Her companion In the erlme, James
Plew, who confessed, is a descendant
of the Jewkes family, which has produced
more than 1,600 defectives
A Davenport, la, man committed suicide
Friday, by blowing himself to
atoms with a stick of dynamite held
In his hand Judge Roan, who presided
at the Leo Frank trial for the
murder of Mary Pbagan In Atlanta,
several weeks ago, nas reiusea 10 gnuil
a new trial. The case will be appealed
to the Georgia supreme court
The faculty of the University of Pennsylvania
has put the ban on cigarettes
and the "Jimmy" pipe at that institution.
Mileage in 8outh Carolina.?The
sale of Interchangeable mileage books
with the requirements that the coupons
be exchanged for tickets before a
journey is begun waa held by the interstate
commerce commission last
Friday to be neither discriminatory
nor in violation of the law.
The decision was reached in a proceeding
prompted by a complaint of
the railroad commission of Sooth Carolina
directed against the practice of
the Southern railway and other roads
operating In the south, which requires
that mileage shall be exchanged for
tickets instead of being used directly
for checking of baggage or for transportation
upon trains.
The legislature of South Carolina
passed an act requiring railroad companies
operating in that state to received
coupons from mileage books on
trains for transportation and for the
checking of baggage. A similar act
passed by the Georgia legislature was
vetoed by the governor. The railroad
thereupon adopted a regulation that
coupons from mileage books would
not be accepted in exchange for a
journey wholly within the state of
South Carolina. A new form of mileage
book was issued for interstate
travel in that state.
The state authorities complained to
the commission that South Carolina
was being discriminated against In
its decision, however, the commission
holds that the complaint "was based
upon a desire to secure discriminatory
advantages." In the belief of the
commission and Commissioner Marble,
who prepared the opinion, such
inconveniences as are caused to travelers
by the use of the exchange mileage
books can be removed easily by
increased efficiency in station operation.
McLaurin's Withdrawal.?Ex-Senator
John McLaurin never did a wiser
thing than when he abandoned the
aspirations he had been nurturing
since last spring to become a candl*?
? -d
aaie tor K^vemur ui ouuui v^aiuuum
which meant the attempted taking of
a higher step to the United 8tates senate,
for which Governor Blease is
slated. No living man has been able
to get an understanding of South Carolina
politics, but it is probably a correct
guess that the man who is to succeed
Blease as governor will be the
man of Blease's choice. Senator McLaurln
was not fitted for training with
the Blease party, and in addition, he
is too conservatively inclined, although
the observer of the trend of
political events in South Carolina has
noted a tendency toward conservatism
on the part of Governor Blease in the
past few months. Senator McLaurin
has done well to vacate the field. His
elimination will be calculated to lessen
the friction thsCt would have been
inevitable. He retired from the United
States senate with a good record ,
and one whose preservation is now
secure.?Charlotte Observer.