Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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ISSUED SEMI-WEEKL^ . i. m. grists sons. publishers. } A cj;amil|) llrtrspapei;: jrfor the {promotion of the political, Social, Agricultural and ffomnirrciat interests of the people. ( c,,kv'"^k^s"nt!"CE established 185r>. yorkville, s. c., tuesday, june -24, 1018. no. ho. QUEST FOR BUI Sea Captain Tells of With Murde The hoanl of pirate gold buried on Cocos by those old rovers of the Spanish Main. Konito Ronito and "Hugs" Thompson, as fascinating old ocean bandits as ever flew the Jolly Roger? $23,000,000 in plate, ingots, doubloons, nieces-of-eight, lous d'ors, moidores, sequins and double guineas, wealth beyond the potential dreams of Monte Cristo?has been lifted! Yes, lifted, and more man miy years ago. at that, on the word of that worthy old sea dog. Captain James Brown. of Cedar drove, Maine. "In 1851," says Captain Brown. "I was a sailor on a Halifax ship lying at anchor at Kingston. Jamaica. Kingston was the Port Royal of old times and used to lie the outfitting point of Sir Henry Morgan, l'oilonois, Roche Braziliano, Pierre Re Grand and other noted gentlemen of fortune in the days when those old freebooters sacked cities and looted galleons up and down the Spanish Main. There was another ship lying in the harbor, which was supposed to be bound for the pearl fisheries in the South Pacific. I was offered the berth of first mate aboard her. It was not until we had cleared from Kingston and were well on our voyage south that the captain informed me we were bound in a treas"re to pfiMia isl.md. Our ship u." armed with howitzers and cannon and carried a crew of fifty-two men, as hard a lot of cut-throats as ever drank grog in a ship's company. "The captain was a rough old seadog, with a livid knife scar that started on his forehead, just missed his right eye, and continued across his cheek. He said he was the son of one of the pirates who had sailed with "Hugs' Thompson, and showed me a chart, yellow with age, greasy and thumb-marked, which, he declared, his father had handed down to him and which showed the exact bearings of the treasure cave on LULU3 lOiauu. | "With the old chart was a ragged piece of paper on which was scrawled these instructions: 'You must go to the northeast part of the island, follow the coast line of this bay until you find a creek. From the high-water mark of this creek you must climb along the bed of the stream, measuring 70 paces in a direction west by south. You cannot mistake the spot, for from there you can see standing clear against the sky line and quite close a gap in the hills. From anywhere else this gap is invisible. Turn to the north and walk until you cross a stream. You will then see a rock with a smooth face like a wall. Examine it carefully. It rises sheer up like a cliff, but at the height of a man's shoulder from the ground you will see a crevice or hole in which a man might insert his thumb. Thrust an iron bar in this hole and lever outward. You will open a cave in which are bars of gold and silver, money, church images and golden crucifixes.' "We rounded Cape Horn," Captain Urown continues, siuuu up and at last dropped anchor in Chatham bay, <m tilt* northeast coast of the mountainous island. We landed in the boats and had no trouble in locating the cave. It was about 15 feet long by 12 wide and high enough to permit a man to stand upright. It was full of bars of gold and sacks of money, golden chalices, crucifixes and church ornaments. A statue of the Madona lay upon the lloor so heavy that it took four men to lift it. We carried the treasure to the beach and there loaded it in the boats and rowed it out to the ship. The boats had to make many trips before it was all got aboard and battened down beneath the hatches. We made a clean sweep. We didn't leave a centavo behind. "Then we sailed away. 1 expected we would head back for Kingston, but I was surprised to find that our skipper set a course southwest by south across the l'acitic. In calms and light winds we sailed for several weeks until we raised a mite lsiunu. u in a lonely part of the ocean, several hundred miles from Australia and far to the south of the equator. The exact hearings of this island are a secret known to me of all the men in the world today. I'll tell later how I came to be the sole possessor of the secret. We landed the treasure on the island. carried it inland several hundred yards beyond the possible roach of high titles or of waves driven landward by typhoon or tornado, and buried it at the foot of a palm tree. After our treasure had been buried the captain ranged the crew about hint and told them he was going to sail to Australia to rob a treasure ship and that lie would then return to the island ami divided all our plunder. "lie left a number of the men oil the island and stood away for .Melbourne. There he and his men managed to ship its members of the crew of a ship loaded with gold bullion I nun Hie mint's arm uounw km < >?,land. Uut at sou, the pirates murdered all of th?- other members of the ship's company and sailed her back to the island where we were waiting for them. We brought the bullion ashore and piled it up. We planner] in riig up our Coeos island treasure next day and divide all our plunder share and share alike. That night after supper all hands except the captain, the steward and myself were taken suddenly and mysteriously sick. Mefore morning all the nn-n must have been given poison, but 1 was in on the plot ami kept my mouth shut. "I guess the shipper overplayed his hand, lie surely dial not intend to kill all but three of us, for we were not enough to man the ship to take our treasure away. Hut the men were dead and we had to do the best we could. I'ossibly the old pirate intend <1 to do just what he dirl and come back for the treasure later on. At any rate, from that time on I kept my WED TREASURE. ' Trip to Cocos Island ring Pirates. weather eye on him. ready to stand by for squalls at a moment's notice. I didn't propose to let him kill me. too, if I could help it. "We scuttled the ship, loaded what treasure we could in a bout and set sail for Australia. On our voyage the steward sickened mysteriously and died and we pitched his body over board. I guess the captain settled him. I pretended to he mighty friendly with ihe 'old man' after that, hut deep down in my heart I knew he intended to murder me next and land the treasure alone. We raised the coast of Australia and as we drew near shore the captain drew a pistol and aimed at me point blank and fired. There was a little sea running and the rocking of the boat upset his aim and he missed me. Before he could lire again I had drawn my own weapon and killed him. It was with no little satisfaction that I fed that murderous old cut-throat to the sharks. "I landed the treasure a little later and buried it. Then I went Into Melbourne and gradually, little by little, managed to dispose of my gold without arousing suspicion. It netted me over J 100.000. On this snug fortune I lived a life of luxury and ease for several years, but I finally lost everything I had in unfortunate speculations." So runs this wild yarn of the bucko mate. In 1902 Captain Brown, having drifted home to his native viuage uu the coast of Maine, induced a number of wealthy men to lit out an expedition to sail to the island where he said he and his comrades had buried the treasure from Cocos and from the Melbourne ship. His vessel was wrecked off the const of South America and he never reached the island. Several years later he tried to raise money for a second expedition, but failed. So whether his story is true or not remains yet to be proved. Hut the old sea rover still swears he alone in all the world now holds the key to the secret of the Cocos Island treasure, and he stands ready, despite his 80 years, to lead an expedition to the South Seas to recover it. The first treasure was buried on Cocos Island in 1821 by Benito Bonito, who has been called the last of the great pirates. Bonito began his career as a lieutenant on a Spanish priva teer during the Napoleonic wars, m lslfi, while he was mate of a Portuguese trading brig, he murdered his captain, seized the vessel and turned pirate. He cut an English slaver named the Lightning out of Matanzas harbor one" night, renamed her the Relampago, which is Spanish for chainlightning, burned his old brig and transfered his Hag to his prize. He made all the crew of the English vessel walk the plank except two men, who asked to be allowed to join his forces. One of these men was "Hugs" Thompson and the other a Frenchman named Chapelle. In the long, low, rakish Kelampago, which could show a clean pair of heels to anything sailing southern waters, Bonito had a prosperous career as a freebooter, plundering ships and laying cities under tribute up and down the eastern and western coasts of South and Central America. His most notable achievement was the sacking of Vera Cruz, where ne and his men obtained $12,000,000 in plate and money. With this treasure he sailed to Coeos Island and buried it in a cave. While on the island his crew mutined because they wished the plunder divided, and a battle was fought on the beach, in which, it is said, 15 men were killed. Soon after, while the ship was in Carribean waters, Bonito was captured by a British gunboat and hanged at the yardarm. Thompson disappeared from history until 1*3S, when, as captain of the Knglish brig Mary Dear, he anchored before Callao. A revolution was un ? Th.. nor way in n i u u> n.v ?....^. government authorities obtained permission from Captain Thompson to place $1 1,000,000 in treasure under the Pritish Hag aboard the Mary Dear for safe-keeping. This treasure consisted of money, plate and ornaments stripped from the churches of Lima dating back to the days of the Spanish conquest. Four Peruvian soldiers were left on the brig as custodians of the treasure. Thompson murdered them. and. sailing to Coeos Island, stowed his plunder in Hondo's old cave. lie was captured a little later by a Peruvian war vessel and all his men were put to death, but Thompson wa> taken back to the island to point out [the hiding place of the treasure. 11< escaped to the brush. Thompson was next heard of in is I I in St. John's. Newfoundland. Then be fell in with James Keating, a sailor. To Keating he gave a map showing the location of the Coeos Islam] hoard and told him how the treasurt might be found. Soon after this disclosure Thompson died suddenly Keating was later suspected ??f havinf killed him. Keating organised an expedition t<> Cim'iis in partnership with a Captain Itogue. After reaching tin island tile erew liecanie mutinous ani demanded a share in tile treasure Having made the sailors drunk out night, Keating and itogue went ashort in a boat, found the cave, and loadei their boat with gold. Keating sailec to tlie Mexican mainland with hi! treasure, hut Itogue was missing, it attempting to climb into the boat will his pockets and sea I tilled will gold. Itogue. Keating declared. ha< been drowned. Keating was getter ally thought to have murdered him The ship with the erew that hai taken Keating to Coeos was Itevei heard of again. Keating made a second expeditioi in 1 s.|s. Again tile crew mtitiued Keating left his ship and hid in tin bush, and after a week's search fo: ( hlni, tho crow hoisted anchor anil sailed away. For three weeks Keating lived on bird's eggs and turtles, sewed $1.1,000 from the treasure in his clothes, and finally left the island on a whaler that came in for water.?Baltimore Run. AT CEDAR SPRINGS Governor Blease Makes Address at Commencement. "I am not in favor of compulsory education and never have been," said 1 Governor Tllease last night when told that some people had understood him | u> naj in iii? sjn-i'i u ) rsin uttj in iiic commencement exercises of the State institute for the Deaf ami Blind that he favored compulsory education, "and I never expect to he as long as conditions remain as they now are in the state. What I did say was that if all the taxpayers and voters of the state had heen there this morning and witnessed what I witnessed, this great problem would have heen solved then, once for all. For I feel sure that if every father in tlie state had seen what I have today, the great things that are being accomplished by education with these children who are deprived of many faculties that most children are gifted with, not a single one would ever allow his children to grow up in ignorance." The reason the question was asked Governor Blease, was that in his speech yesterday he made certain non-committal remarks which were interpreted in two ways. Many people understood that he now favored compulsory education, which caused them great surprise as it will he remember that the governor vetoed the compulsory education 1)111 which came up before him some time ago. In his speech yesterday the governor said that the institute at Cedar Springs deserved more credit than any other school in the state, proof of which was the things that they had all witnessed that day. He said that the state had not done and never could do enough for the institute, and he only hoped that at the next session of the legislature, Dr. Walker would not be niggardly in his requests for money, but would ask for all he needed and he felt sure that it would be given him. Governor Blease lavished praise on Dr. Walker for the great work which he had done and was doing among those who were in most need of attention and education. He also said that at the next meeting of the legislature he would try to get them to appropriate a sufficient amount to build the faithful and deserving Dr. Walker a nice home on the campus and make him president emeritus of the institu lion on an annuity ior nit*. no sum that ho recommended this, as the doctor was getting too old now to be burdened with all the cares of the school, but ought to be allowed to rest after his long and arduous labors. He recommended Mr. Laurens Walker, who is now principal of the school, as superintendent when his father retires. Col. T. J. Moore, chairman of the board of commissioners, also spoke, making a short talk in which he commended the great work of the school and also, like Governor Mease, heaped praise upon Dr. Walker and praised to do ail in his power at the meeting of the board in August to carry out the governor's plan of providing for Dr. Walker. State Superintendent of Education Swearingen made a brief talk, in which be commended the work of the school. About 2,500 people had assembled within anil without the school auditorium yesterday morning at 11 o'clock to see the commencement exercises of the graduation class and a programme arranged to make an exhibition of the work of the school carried out. Songs, drills and recitations by the pupils, class room demonstrations and literary efforts marked the exercises, and the special work accomplished by the school was exhibited. The first class to graduate under the new graded system, and the first in two years to qualify, was composed of the following: Samuel Taylor Clarkson, Louis Judson Kant, Sarah Henderson Hoy, John Sheppard, I^eslle Shaw, Itertha Smoak ami Arthur Willis. Special attention was attracted to Dewey Cantrell and Ruby Miller, who in addition to being deaf and dumb, are blind. The audience was held almost spell-bound by the remarkable things which these two little children accomplished. The drill work of the advanced class of deaf boys was especially noticeable, as wits also all of the choral work. The band music by the blind boys was a feature of the programme that both surprised and delighted everybody. The essays that were read, one I... ? l.ii.,.1 ..,,,1 ..nnllii.r lie n ilea f Kill, which she delivered in the siKn 1 liiiiKunKc, were not only delivered well, but the composition showed a exeat deal of thoiiKht. The industrial exhibit in the uymnnsium attracted a Kreat deal of attention and comment. There were all sorts of furniture made by the boys. 1 which showed remarkable handicraft, 1 and baskets of beads and hand-painted china, the work of the deaf Kills, ' proved a source of interest and wonder to all the visitors.?Spartanburg Herald. Friday. The Market for Cattle.?"Why not cuttle raisitiK clubs also?" asks The ' Yorkville Kn?iuirer. one reason, perhaps. is that there is always a market for cotton; the best of home raised ' meats may go without a purchaser. ' Tills, of course, is an unhappy condition of affairs. There are lat'Ke por t |0||S III t^OIIIII < lllirii- I nun and hoys could undoubtedly In- raised in In rye ntimhers and to great advan' taw. They arc not now raised largely Iieea use it is so difficult to sell them at pmlituhh- prices. Why is tills the rasa? Wh\" should there not he in Charleston a market for all the heef and pork and " Inmh that is produced in the territory 1 surrounding this city. Only last week 1 a Iterkeley county planter assured us i that lie had jfotie from market to tuarI kct here trying to sell some particularly choice lauihs. and without yelling a hid at any price. IN- and his neighbors sold their hoys last winter I in Florence, their hecves in Itiehmond ,. Why was this necessary? Why isn't there as Hood a market here for such products as tiny w here else? Why i shouldn't tiny fanner in South Carolina who is situated to raise cattle or hoys |m aide to market 1 lu-iu profitably in his own communityNews and r Courier. iHiscclIitncous grading. CURRENCY PROPOSITION Provisions of Democratic Bill Now Public. The administration currency bill was made public last Thursday night by Representative Class, chairman of the house committee on hanking and currency. An outline of the measure prepared by Mr. Class, describes it as "a basis | lor legislative action, states tnat it| will he gone over in detail for alterations, and sets out that its purpose is to accomplish three principal objects: Provision of a means for re-discounting commercial paper of specified types. A basis for elastic notes properly safeguarded. Machinery for doing foreign banking business. The measure's essentials remain as they have been outlined from time to time since the president began a study of the subject with house and senate leaders. Secretary McAdoo and other advisers, providing twelve or more Federal reserve banks which will rediscount paper, deal in government securities, exchange and conduct government fiscal operations. National tanks and such siate banks and trust companies that conform to standards would be stockholders of the reserve banks. The government would hold no stock. Method of Control. The government would control the Federal reserve hoard or seven members in which the banks would have no representation. The hoard would be composed of the secretary of the treasury, secretary of agriculture, the comptroller of the currency, as members ex-officlo; four other members would be chosen by the president and confirmed by the senate. The national bank note circulation would remain undisturbed and no proposal is made in the bill for retiring approximately $700,000,000 two per cent bonds upon which that note issue now rests. An amendment or separate bill to refund those honds into duced later. In addition to the $700,000,000 existing national bank notes. not more than $r>00,000 In what are t?i he known as Federal reserve treasury notes might he issued at the discretion of the Federal reserve hoard solely for the purpose of making advances to the Federal reserve hanks which would do no business with the public, deal only with their member banks, and receive deposits only from the United States. While the notes would on their face purport to be the obligations of the United States, they would be required to be secured by a gold reserve of 33 1-3 per cent, provided by the Federal reserve bank, would be a first and paramount lien on all the assets of these banks, and would be redeemable in gold on demand at the treasury department in the city of Washington or any Federal reserve bank. Stringent Provisions. Stringent provisions are made against counting any of these notes as a part of bank reserves, and the system is guarded against intlation by lodging power with the Federal reserve board to exact any interest charge upon the treasury notes in order to secure their prompt redemption. The notes are not made legal tender, but would be receivable by the government and every bank of the system at par without exchange. No change would he made in the protection of other existing notes. The Federal reserve board would require one Federal reserve hank to rediscount the paper of another, and would establish a rate on discount not necessarily uniform for all reserve hanks, hut made with a view to accommodating the commerce of the country and promoting a stable price level. Would Transfer Reserves. For recasting the present hank reserve system, the hill proposes t<> transfer the reserves from national l? Ik., I'uunn-O nml tral reserve eities to Federal reserve banks, carrying the process of transfer over thirty- *ight months, to avoid shock to market conditions. The bill proposes, according to Mr. Glass' statement, "ultimately the establishment of a reserve system In which country banks will have 15 per cent of reserve (I. e. 14 per cent of the total demand liabilities), such 15 per cent, to be held live per cent in the hank's vaults, five per cent with the national reserve bank, and live per cent either at home or with the reserve bank, while reserve and central reserve city banks have reserves of twenty per cent of demand liabilities of which ten per cent will be at home, five per cent with the reserve tiank of the district, and live per cent either at home or with the reserve bank." The statement says: Effect of Plan. "The presumed effect of this plan will be to end the placing of reserves with central reserve city banks for use in stock market operations, to keep reserves in some measure at home, and to require speculators to get the funds they need in their operations either by directly borrowing them from persons who hold them and want to lend the cash for that purpost*, or else by borrowing from the banks in the places where the oper annus iiiv jo ne carrieo un. "In tlic belief that the present reserve system is antiquated and unsatisfactory, that the massing of funds in New York and other financial centres, of which so much has been said in recent years, is largely due to the present reserve requirements of national hanks, and that in order to get the real heiiclit from the system of re-discount which has been proposed as a remedy for many existing evils, it is necessary to base such system upon an actual control of reserves, provision has been made for recasting the present bank reserve system. "The bill is based on the belief that no one should participate in the control of the system unless he is tlriiincially interested himself, or chosen by those who are, except in so far as lite government steps in and asserts the authority of the whole community. Willi this in mind, the system lias been devised so as to provide for the continuation of existing national banks with their organization, powers and functions unchanged. In addition there is established a system of federal reserve banks, which are Incorporated institutions holding Federal, charters and in all respects managed like national banks, except as to the election of directors. Federal Reserve Banks. "There are twelve of these Federal reserve banks, each managed by a board of nine directors, three of whom will lie expert bankers selected by the banks, three will lie members selected in the same way, but required to represent the commercial, industria' or agricultural reesrve board in case they do not fairly represent these interests. The remaining three directors are to be chosen by the Federal reserve board. "The object of the bill Is to effect a moderate division and classification of banking business along indicated lines tile net result presumably being summed up as follows: "National reserve banks will be strictly limited to rodijseounting actual commercial and industrial transactions evidenced by very short term paper and fin rare occasions under carefully prescribed conditions, to financial operations protected by collateral. They will also be able to engage in foreign exchange operations, etc. "National banks will be subject to precisely the same restrictions as at present with a relaxation in favor of a moderate amount of real estate loans by country banks under carefully guarded conditions. Cl.l.l n.,.remU? "Hy a revision of the administrative features of the national hanking act, provision will lie made for close oversight of national institutions with a view to holding them strictly up to the requirements of a legitimate hanking business. "In order to possess themselves of the kind of paper entitling them to rediscounts, national hanks will find themselves obliged to keep a reasonable proportion of their assets In the form of paper eligible for rediseounting. "It is believed that the present suhtreasury system is unsatisfactory, clumsy, injurious to business and difficult to manage in times of stress. The bill therefore provides for: "The placing of all current funds of the treasury in Federal revenue banks and the payment of government creditors by checks thereon. "The equalizing of the public runds between the different reserve banks by directions of the secretary of the treasury and subject to a rate of interest to be fixed by the Federal resorvn hoard. "The trust funds of the treasury are to he held as at present in the vaults of the treasury. May Pay Dividend. "Under the terms of the bill the Federal reserve hanks, after the payment of all expenses and taxes, are entitled to pay an annual cumulative dividend of 5 per cent on paid-in capital to Its stockholding' members. Onehalf the net earnings of the hank must he paid into the surplus fund until said fund shall amount to twenty per cent o* the paid-in capital of the hank's earnings shall he paid to the hank. The remaining one-half of the United States, and whenever and as long as the surplus fund of each Federal reserve hank amounts to twenty per cent of the pair-in capital, the shareholders having received their permissible dividend of T> per cent, all excess earning shall he paid to the United States. Every Federal reserve hank is exempt from Federal, state and local taxation, except in respect to taxes upon real estate." SUPPRESSING A PANIC How President Wilson Proved Himself Master of the Situation. ~ 41 XT..,,, T/.root' ImgQPU fliM* JllSl <18 lilt* Wfw urinuj covered that they were dealing with a new kind of governor in Wood row Wilson, so Wall street discovers that it is dealing with a new kind of president. For years the government's established policy in the matter of financial depression has been simple and fatal. Washington waited until the panic had begun, until confidence and credit were undermined, and then turned tlie Fnited States treasury over to Wall street, while the stock gamblers salvaged what they could from the wreck. The Wilson policy Is to suppress a panic at the start and not at tlx- finish. Nothing could have heen more timely than Secretary McAdoo's announcement that he was prepared to issue $">00,000.000 in emergency currency under the Aldrich-Vreeland act. Wall street recovered immediately from its hysteria and its bankers, with characteristic patriotism, began to denounce the secretary for his "absurd offer." The fact is now pointed out with a wealth of detail that there is plenty of currency in circulation and that no emergency currency is necessary, but forty-eight hours ago Wall street was pointing out with an equal wealth of detsiil that one of the disturbing elements in the situation was the necessity that would exist in a few weeks for immense sums of money to move the crops. The truth is that there was plenty of money till the time, and except for the condition of the Kui'opean money market, there was no reason whatever for Wall street's attack of nerves. Proving it is the most important service that the treasury has rendered by its offer of emergency currency. Wall street's hysteria was rapidly inoculating the entire country, and the Wilson administration hits stopped the nonsense before it became serious. ?New York World. The Lid at the Palms.?Those who expected it lurid interview from .Mayor John P. tlrace in reply to (lovernor It lease's statement a few days ago, have l>ren ilis;i|i|n>ititi'il. the rnaricsinn t-h iff executive having been strangely silent since tin- Kovernnr or li-ri-il On- liil put ilown at the Isle of Calms. In the meantime then- must In- a vast impriiveinent in conditions at tin- Isle nf Calms in regard to law t'lifiiri-emeiit, ami no matter how it may In- regarded in sunn- <iuarters, it is a fortunate thing fur tin- state thai tin- Ii11 has heen shoved iluwn, and it will In- Minn- fnrtunali- if it is allowed In slay iluwn. The pi-iiple nf CharlesInn are, nf emirse. able to ileelare by way nf | i.a 11 i;i t ii in for enmlitinns in that eity that there are other places in the stale when- rntteiiness exists, whieh is enrrei-l, hut nevertheless it is nil cxi-use fur tile flagrant disregard of law that npi-nly exists in ('harlestnn if enmmnn report is to he accepted.? Chester Itcpnrli-r. i WISE JUDGE THIS Some Sensible Observations on TreatMent of the Press. "No Judge has eevr yet maintained his dignity and never will hy bringing an editor before the court and punishing him because of animadversions made through the columns of the newspaper. "It would be helpful to the courts if editors of learning and character would in a dignified and intelligent manner discuss the rulings of the court, whether by commendation or by advance criticisms." These statements were made In a paper hy Smith McPherson, United States district judge, southern district juuge, sou morn oisiriei m lowa, which was read before the National Press association, at Colorado Springs, Colorado, last Thursday. Judge McPherson did not attend the meetings of the association. in Ills paper, which was enlitl *d "Liberty of the Press," he discussed in a general way, the relations that should exist between the courts and newspapers. "Intelligent criticism Is Invited," said Judge Mcpherson. "Slang and Vituperation are despised by the judge, and, as I believe, by the intelligent of the public. Substantial and honest and matured criticism is of a great aid to the courts, as well as educators, of the public. Criticism at random tends to make a judge careless. Criticism of newspapers should be of a kind, and none other, than the editor would use In conversation with the judge. Then there would be no bitterness, but a useful exchange of views. And with such criticism, progress will be made, because such criticism is within the limits of "freedom of the press" and not a mere license for which there Is no remedy, and no resulting good. Let editors and writers be gentlemanly towards the judge. And let judges have a due regard to the freedom of the press. The public will then be the beneficiaries." Wants Fairer Relationship, In the beginning of his paper, Judge McPherson said he wished the relationship between the courts and the press were more fair and sincere than it is. "The freedom of the press is one of the institutions of this country, and as such will ever exist and rightly so," he continued. "And no one believes in this more than do the courts. It was but recently that the courts righteously, against terrific pressure, prevented the dragging of editors, one of them nearly 1,000 miles, to make answer to an alleged libel. One recital in the declaration of independence against England, was to the effect that Americans were carried beyond seas for trial. When a court in Washington city, backed by strong pressure and great power sought to drag a New York city and an Indianapolis editor to Washington city, because of editorials with reference to the Panama canal. it was the courts that stamped it as an outrage, and decreed that such oppression could not exist in a free country. The literature found In the published reports of the courts show that the newspapers, their editors and publishers, will not plead in vain tor protection by the courts. This protection will be given because it is just that it should be so. And the courts should i>e fairly considered by the press. Are Outlaws. "In speaking of the press, I have but little to say about the scandalmongers ami the so-called 'yellow journal.' They are outlaws, and are entirely beyond the pale of respect by the courts and decent citizens generally. We judges have no remedy against them. It is idle to talk about bringing actions, either civil or criminal, for libel, because such actions are expensive, and usually ludicrous if not farcical. Most newspapers, like most men, are sincere as to their utterances. Their unfair criticisms come from lack of information. They are too impatient to strike." CAREER OF JUDGE SPEER Career of Well Known Federal Jurist in Review. The iS'ew vorK ?un prims me milowing, under a Maeon, f?a., date line: "Judge Emory Speer of the Federal court for this district is facing the hardest fight of his stormy career on the bench in the inquiry which is being made into his record by an agent of the department of justice. He is facing what may be called the climax of charges and insinuations which have been made against hint ever since he became a Federal judge years ago. In fact. Ills old opponents are hopeful that impeachment proceedings may result. Hardly a year nas passeu amix Speer went on the bench in which he has not been involved in some episode. I'ntil recently, however, there seems to have been no thought of impeachment proceedings and the inquiry now in progress probably would have not been instituted but for a vigorous attack on Judge Speer by Col. W. A. Huff, for years mayor of Macon and for many terms a member of the (Seorgia legislature. Colonel Huff reviewed Speer's record for twenty-eight years and published in pamphlet form every charge that has been whispered against the judge in that time. Colonel Huff alleged that Speer for years had used his court, especially in bankruptcy cases, to make his followers; that many estates which were thrown into bankruptcy were kept there for years so that Judge Speer's favorites might get rich. Huff instanced his own estate, which was in bankruptcy fourteen years, and charged that Judge Speer delayed its . settlement so that referees and certain lawyers might profit. Huff said his own ease was but one of many In the Southern district of Georgia. Me alleged that Speer was a Judicial tyrant and generally hated throughout the district. Colonel Huff was recently declared in contempt for sending this pamphlet to Judge Speer. He has taken an appeal to the I'nited States supreme court. Years ago Judge Speer found the people of Savannah so cold to him in a social way that he removed his resi. deuce to Macon. In Macon he found the same social coldness. He bitterly resented it. Several times he has attacked the people of Macon from the bench. He has at times had trouble wnn omciais Oi ins cuuri, oui-e wim the United States marshal, who, Judge Speer alleged, threatened to shoot the court. The trouble occurred In Augusta. The marshal was removed. Judge Speer has handled some big cases during his career, probably the best known being the Oaynor-OreeneCarter harbor frauds at Savannah. All of these men were convicted and large sums were recovered for the government. The land frauds attempted against the Dodge estate also came before him. and the members of the j ring which tried to despoil the estate or the Now York philanthropist wero convicted. Judge Speer is regarded as an able lawyer and many doubt he has done anything for which to be impeached, hut his political record has caused prejudice against him. Years ago he was elected to congress from the Ninth Georgia district as an independent Democrat. Ho at once affiliated with the house Republicans and when defeated for a second term was appointed to the bench by President Arthur. Judge Speer has always posed as a nationalist and has frequently used the time of his court to lecture lawyers, Jurors and audiences on the deference that should be paid to the Stars and Stripes. He caused a sensation in Macon several years ago by denouncing the people of the city for an alleged Insult to Old Glory. The people had rigged up a piece of bunting at half staff because of the defeat of a local favorite. Judge Speer thought the bunting was the national emblem and spoke from the bench for an hour in denunciation of the supposed insult to the Stars and Stripes. KEEP YOUR CATTLE Agricultural Department Gives Good Advice to aoutnern rarmerj. Washington, June 13.?During the past twelve months cattle buyers have been active in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia and Florida, purchasing cattle to be shipped to the middle western markets as either canners or stockers. The prices paid for canners during this period have been so high that thousands of 'cows and heifers have gone to the shambles which should have been retained on the farms for breeding purposes. This is especially noticeable when the receipts of southern cattle at the St. Louis market for the last twelve months are compared with those for any previous period of similar length. The receipts of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana cattle at that market have almost doubled during this period. Since the first of February, buyers from the farms and ranches of the west have been scouring the gulf states in search of breeding stock. A few years ago this class of cattle would have been scorned by the western ranchman as breeding stock; but with the shortage of cows for breeding purposes, the ranchers are glad to get these cheap cows, to which they will breed good beef bulls. The halfbreeds resulting from this mating make fairly desirable beef animals. Several thousand cattle have already been sent from these states to Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas, and some of them are said to have been shipped as far as Montana. Recently there were perhaps more cattle unloaded at one time in Birmingham, Ala., for feed, water, and rest while en route to the western ranges than have ever been seen In that place before in one day. Georgia end Florida are sending out thousands of these native southern cattle at the present time at prices ranging from $15 to $23 a head for mature animals. A shipment of forty carloads of cattle was recently made from Osceola county, Florida, in one day. They were shipped to Kansas via Oklahoma city. The cattle were dipped in arsenical solution before loading, to free them of ticks, and were to be dipped again on arrival at Oklahoma city before going above the Federal quarantine line. Some people of the south seem glad that these cattle are being shipped out as the number of scrub cattle is being reduced and the south will get better cattle as a result. They do not look far enough ahead, however, or they would see that if the shortage of cattle is such as to cause buyers to come from the far west to buy these scrub cattle for breeding purposes, the chances of southern farmers refilling their pastures with good cattle are indeed small, for where are these good breeding cattle to come from at a reasonable price? The best and most profitable way of geting good cattle throughout the south is to breed up the native cattle by the use of purebred bulls, and by castrating all small bulls at an early age. The south is especially adapted to raising cattle, because of the long grazing season, tne enormous areas 01 cheap land much of which is now lying idle, the great variety of pasture grasses and legumes which grow luxuriently on all soils, and because of the mild winters. If the western ranchman can afford to pay southern farmers good prices for cows, pay the high freight rates to the west, stand the losses which naturally occur during shipping thin cattle such long distances, also bear the hisses due to a change of climatic conditions, and then make money on them, why can not the southern farmer who already owns the cattle as well as the grazing lands, and who needs the manure upon the soils, keep his stock on the farm and secure the increased profits? He can if he will free his cattle of ticks, increase the efficiency of his pastures by planting mixtures of lespedeza, bur clover, white clover, or perhaps melilotus, alsike clover, and redtop over his pas ture lands; and by raisins more hays and forage crops for wintering his stock and finishing them lor market. The surplus cattle can then be fattened by feeding cottonseed cake on grass, or grazing fields of velvet beans while feeding some concentrate; or they can be finished in the dry lot during the winter months. For winter feeding no roughage has proved more valuable than silage, as the addition of it to the feeding ration invariably Increases the size of the daily gains and reduces their cost, thereby making greater profits. The (piality and quantity of silage which can be produced on some of these cheap lands can not be surpassed by the high prie eu laous 01 ilit nun lieu, wneieun uio oust of producing it is far less because of the cheap labor. The farmers of the south are therefore urged to discontinue this wholesale shipping of their female cattle to other states, to free the pastures of the cattle tick, and to increase the number and quality of their cattle by the use of purebred beef bulls. The progeny will not only grow faster and make larger and better cattle, but will be far more profitable to raise and to feed than are the natives. The soils will be increased In fertility by the manure, which gives such profitable returns when applied to the cotton crop and puts vegetable matter into the soil. The amount of commercial fertilizer necessary to prod e a crop will be reduced and a more bountiful yield will l>e produced. Literature regarding methods of feeding cattle in the south ami eradicating the cattle ticks may be obtained from the Bureau of Animal Industry. Department of Agriculture. Washington, I). C. Southern farmers are also advised to consult the department's county farm demonstration agents. MARKET FOR HOME PRODUCTS Commissioner Watson Trying to Do Practical Work Along this Line. Columbia. June 20.?"Every agency making for the cause of agriculture In this state and working for the betterment of the condition of our people has all that it can do. In this department with the new divisions recently established we have before us work the value of which cannot be estimated," said Commissioner Watson today. "But," he added, "nearly all of these lines of work nave up 10 mis time been directed to increased production. more Intelligent and profitable handling of the soil, and to the education of the people looking to better profits and better living. I have preached and proclaimed in evern nook and corner of the state for years, the doctrine of 'raising something to eat at home and living at home,' instead of out of tin cans and sacks shipped into the state from every quarter of the nation, and there has been some little awakening, but as yet, the surface is merely touched. We haven't stopped with telling the people the truth about their uneconomic method of living, but we have been enforcing the restrictive laws as to animal feeds, human feeds, etc., so vigorously as to bring home to them the foolishness and wastefulness of buying inferior products that they can raise at home and in many instances so as to prevent them from getting the class of goods that is palmed off on them from out of the state points. Must Get Down to Business. "If we are to save millions of dollars wasted in this way, we've got to get down to business. We have been hearing no end of theoretical discussions on the subject of marketing, but nothing in the south have taoin but nowhere in the south have I seen any practical working plan for bartar and exchange of home raised and manufactured products devised and put into operation. As I have said, the men in this department have oil that thev can do. but this problem is one of such supreme importance, measurable in losses running annually into the millions of dollars, that I have determined under the general authority given this department. to establish as quickly as it can be done a bureau of marketing, which shall be a clearing house for accurate information for the use of those citizens of the state who have raised and produced something to sell and those local and other merchants and individuals who want those very products fresh and pure, but who have no means of knowing where they can be purchased save from those who handle only products shipped in from somewhere else. Wants to Buy Wheat. "For instance," said Mr. Watson, "here is a letter that came to my desk this morning from a citizen of Marlboro county: " 'Can you advise me where I can purchase two or three bushels of wheat for milling purposes? We are fond of the whole wheat and I want it for my own use.' "Every day the mall brings inquiries of this class. This man wants home raised, pure Hour Instead of bleached or some other kind of Hour manufactured in the west and ship ped in. put up in a fancy laneieu sack. Over in Lexington and In Newberry as fine wheat as was ever converted into flour is being raised in such quantity to meet a large demand of this kind, and this man can be kept at home, and there need be no heavy marketing and trade profits and freight charges for the consumer to pay, not to mention doctor's bills. "And so it is with all kinds of products of the farm. A farmer who has a large supply of fine oats to sell has no means of knowing who wants to buy oats, and the latter orders in several carloads of sulphureted oats of doubtful quality, all the way from Texas. A dairy union can furnish fine market cream and butter, but can't find a market: the Ice cream establishment in Columbia or Charleston may want the cream, and not knowing where to find It. substitutes canned skimmed milk. And so with live stock raisers who raise hogs and beef cattle: they sac * riflce ami snip awuy iu .lunum elsewhere their steers?for a song; the local butcher buys and furnishes his trade embalmed beef from Chicago?'inspected and passed.' And so again with agricultural seeds and the bulk of commodities that our people buy. "Look at the millions of cans of tomatoes and other vegetables and fruits that line shelves of every mercantile establishment in the state of South Carolina, shipped in from Haltimore or some other big eastern or western city, representing an annual expenditure of nearly $14,000000. And here in South Carolina we have 2,000 girls canning tomatoes, by United States standards, good, pure, stuff, and they are asking us where they can tind a market. In the meantime the local merchant keeps on buying any old kind of stock anywhere, and the people who live in the towns and cities and even in the country, go on buying it from him ?paying freight charges on long distance hauls and an endless variety of profits. It is such a business-like schedule. "Without regard to preserves. Jellies, western meats, soda crackers, etc., note some of the expenditures made by our people for commodities from outside the state that they could raise at home: liacon, etc., $18,000,000; dairy products, cheese, canned milk, etc., $12,000,000: Hour, $20,000,000; corn. $6,000,000; corn meal, a sum so large we have not even been able to estimate it: commercial feed stuffs, $3,000,000; hay, $3,000.000; oats, $1,500,000; canned goods. $13,397,000. "Now. with those facts before mo. I have determined, just as quickly as the organization can ho perfected, to put into operation a bureau of marketing in this department, whereby in a practical way accurate Information as to what a man has to sell to his follow South Carolinians and what they want, can ho exchanged. Complete announcement as to the practical details of the work will ho made shortly. I hope to put the organization on such a basis that every man, woman and child will feel the practical benefits. The idea central in my mind is to bring marketing right down to the individual in such a way that he will experience a maximum of result. It will he Interesting to see to what extent merchants in the state will co-operate."