. \ ~T . _ - L ? ISSUED SEMI-WEEKLY, ===== L.k.OBisrs 80HS, Pabiiihen. } % 4ami,8 IJettspjui: #>r fromotion o| lh< fotitiqal, gonial, Sflrif water-tight doors, would step \ straight out Into the water. Engineers ( would be stationed In the chamber, , md, following the Instructions of the j livers, who would communicate with , :hem by means of portable telephones, they would operate the mechanism of , two powerful suction pumps or dredg- j ars fitted to the sides of the tube. The > dea was entertained that these dredg- , ?ra wniiiii mink ?wnv the sand around , :he sides of the heavy chamber until <; t would gradually sink by Its own weight right down onto the deck of :he wrecked ship. The divers would lien make their way from the cham>er to the deck of the ship, and from :here to the hold; after which success lothlng would be simpler than to convey the treasure of the Lutlne to the ihip above by easy apd comfortable itages with something of the reguarlty and method of unloading a big sargo boat in the East India docks. Such is one of the most Ingenious and >est organized schemes for the recovery of treasure ever planned, and in food season it will be carried to exe :uuon. And then there Is Tobermory. All lave heard of the treasure that lies at Jie bottom of the sea at the northwest :orner of Mull, one of the fairest parts >f the western coast of Scotland. There s some substantial fact and much Ictlon In the stories that have been old about the treasure-ship of the Spanish Armada that was sunk in this >lace, and both are attractive. It is >nly comparatively recently that we earned from the Spanish admiralty he proper name and particulars of :he ship that was blown up and sunk it Tobermory. She was the Duque dl Plorenzla (Duke of Florence), and was jne of the largest and best equipped vessels in the whole Armada, being the senior ship of the Tuscan squaIron. She was of 940 tons burden, t>uilt of African oak, was armed with Ifty-two guns of various caliber, manned by 386 sailors and 100 marines, and was commanded by Captain Pereira. She was a treasure ship, and carried bullion to very high value; but It begins to appear unlikely that she had on board ihe 30,000,000 pieces, equal to 3,000.000 pounds sterling In British money, with which she was generally filled. Some have lately been arguing that she was not a treasure ship at all, that there has been some confusion in names, and that that of the Tobermory ship is really San Juan Bautlsta. During the latter part of the seventeenth century many attempts at salvage were made, and a few guns and coins were brought up; while It Is said that In 1688 a Swedish engineer, bringing a diving bell to his assistance, did actually recover a great deal of treasure. Some fifty or more years after wards the diving-bell was employed , again, and a very magnificent gun, the work of Benvenuto Cellini, was recovered, with other things more or less valuable. This and others are now at Inveraray. In the last few , years some very thoroughly organized efforts have been made to recover the , treasure, all the most up-to-date mechanical and electrical salvage appliances?submarine tubes, diving-bells, dredging apparatus, and all the rest? having been brought to the assistance of the searchers. The first of these thorough efforts was carried out by Captain Burns, of Glasgow; but though many things were brought up from the wTeck?which is really still there?the treasure In bulk was not eained. Skeptics began to say that the hunters of the seventeenth century must have got most of it, but others are more sanguine. During the summer of 1910 eight acres of the mud at the bottom of the sea were probed in the search for the chests of gold; and, though they were not found, it is said that the sensitive electrical apparatus which was employed, indicated that masses of gold and silver were still hidden beneath the waters. Later endeavors have not disclosed the treasure. All this was treasure that went to its hiding: place in the time of Elizabeth; and, if that seems far enough back, what of the treasure that was lost (and, as some say, may still be recovered) in the last days of King John at the beginning of the thirteenth century? At the extremity of his career and his long-drawn out conflict with the barons, John, with his army and wagons?these latter laden with the plunder of half a kingdom and the costly treasure of a king ?was making his way northward through Lincolnshire; and, coming to Cross Keys, which was then on the border of the Wash, he attempted to cross the sands to the other side, but was caught by the tide, and horses, wagons and baggage were swallowed up by the quicksands. The king, in the rear, saw it happen from the Lincolnshire coast, and it is said that he himself had a narrow escape that day. Now, it is quite certain that there went down at this time not only vast treasure in coin, but the most glorious riches in the way of the spoils that John had gathered from the churches and abbeys he had looted ev srywhere. There were the riches of Croyland abby among them; and, valuable as these things were at that time?as John knew so well?how much more so, magnificent relics of the thirteenth century, would they be today! What a scene of strife and excitement would there be at Christie's auction rooms could but one of them be put up for sale there In these times! And it Is considered probable^ also, that some pieces of the ancient regalia of England were lost with all the reqt. Now, salvage of all this, If It were still In the quicksands of the Wash, would seem but a poor thought; but the truth Is that What was the Wash In those days Is now good solid Lincolnshire, all that part having long ilnce been reclaimed by diking and draining. The line of the old passagefrom Cross Keys to Long Sutton is now as Arm as a street in London or Edinburgh, and the treasure Is In the jround below. It is said that the Icing's wagon train stretched at least two miles; and it'has been suggested that if a trench some fen yhrds deep were cut transversely across this line It must surely be 'struck. There, then, is 'a great treasure waiting for recovery: and In this case there Is no diving under water to be tone, bat simply digging fn the light >f day. Railway trains constantly run icross from Cross Keys to Long Sutton on the exact route that John's jaggage train took; but how many of the passengers know or think of that iwful tragedy of history that took ?lace there, the evidence of wlhch \b lurely In the ground below them? There is plenty more treasure betides all this. There Is much of it In South Africa. "Lobengula'a millions." rhat Is how they speak of the treasire which was hidden and burled by :he famous king of the Matabele. Phoro wam nnlv five men who knew vhere tbe treasure was deposited, and >f those Ave there is only one still iving, this being John Jacobs, a naive minister who was at one time irlvate secretary to the king. This nan says that the treasure consists of !,800,000 pounds In gold coin, thlrtyilx bars of raw gold, ten wagon loads >f Ivory, and 400 diamonds. Some two >r three years ago Jacobs was taken with an expedition that set out In learch of the place, and trekked along he Zambesi to Sesheke, and then to Liealul, the capital of the king of Ba'otseland, meeting with much hardihlp and adventure all the way. From here they tried to get to the head of ho Vnrl rlitor nihtch nram undorfltonrf :o be the wanted place; but they were nisdirected by the natives, and, getlng a long way out of their courso, ind suffering from lack of food and lesertlons, had to give up and turn >ack. Then there are also "Kruger's millons," which are understood to be lyng at the bottom of the sea in the vreck of a ship called the Dorothea, >flf Cape Vidal. People whose authorty in the matter has to be respected, lowever, declare that, though the rold is there, it was never Kruger's, md. that, Indeed he knew nothing of ts being on this ship. The alternate and probably true story is that :ertain officials connected with the government of the transvaal, seeing the way in which things were going jhortly before the outbreak of the war ssuea aiunomy xo several inaiviuuuis permitting them to engage in illicit gold buying. Having authority to buy gold from mine managers at their own price with a view to getting it out of the country, they looked to make a good profit on it between the purchase price and what they would get for it In Europe. It is confidently believed that as the result of this arrangement ?450,000 worth of gold in bars was placed on the sailing ship Ernestine at Delagoa bay, the name of the ship being then changed to Dorothea. This vessel had been condemned as unseaworthy on account of some acid having been spilled In her lower hold; but she was put to rights and the twelve big boxes of gold bars were placed in the hold abaft the foremast, cemented over, and 200 tons of sand ballast were tumbled into the ship on top of them. Then the Dorothea set sail, and It was given out that she was bound for Monte Video, which, of course, she was not; and a few days afterward she was wrecked. It Is believed that, despite the failure of some very thorough expeditions, this treasure will yet be secured; and It is said that, on one of the earliest expeditions that set out In quest of It, a diver named Kramer brought up from the wreck three pieces of cement which plainly showed the impression of the cases, and also about one and a quarter ounces of gold from a bar which was protruding. Captain Gardiner, who has been commanding the exploring ship Alfred Nobel, and making a great specialty of hunting for sunken treasure?being certain, as he says, that "there Is money In this class of adventure"? has expressed himself with much confidence about getting the gold out of the wrecked Dorothea; and he reminds us also of more treasure of the deep?that which is In the wreck of H. M. S. Grosvenor, a transport which was lost coming home from India at the time of the Mutiny. She had on board a cargo, including precious stones, gold and sliver, bars and tin, valued at more than ?1,700,000. The wreck took place off the Pondoland coast, in from five and a half to six fathoms of water, and Is completely covered with sand. Recently it was announced that a salvage company was making preparations to recover treasure to the value of more than ?4,000,000 in sunken ships which are not only known to exist but have been located, and with this scheme Captain Gardiner Is associated. "After exhaustive search in the archives of Cape Colony," he said, "I selected 137 of the more valuable and accessible wrecks, and during the last seven years, at an expenditure of more than ?4,000, have succeeded in discovering no fewer than thirty-two of them." And beyond all this there Is much money buried and sunken treasure? far more. There is, for Instance, the famous treasure of Cuzco, the story of which was given last year In an article In these pages entitled "The Lost Treasure of the Incas." Then there Is Lake Guatavlta, Into which during unknown ages, offerings were cast by the Indians among whom gold abounded. And so on, If one chose, and had the space for the telling1 of many other examples of mineral riches taken from the i rth, and held, and then let slip again by intention or not, and so lost; but Borne of them may yet be found at last.?Chambers' Journal. "HEAT OF BATTLE" 18 REAL Soldiers Wet With Perspiration After Three-Minute Fight. The expression, "the heat of battle," often used by poets and hlstori?| ans, is usually taken in a figurative sense and supposed to refer not to aj anal tomnsnitiiM of the combatants, i but to the Intense emotional excitement under which they labor. But a veteran of the Civil *War, who ought to know, declares that the heat of battle Is an actual bodily heat "It is no mere figure of speech," says Captain Samuel Chapman, who was a trooper In the battalion of Colonel John S. Mosby, the famous Confederate cavalry commander. "On the contrary, In a hot fight the soldiers are often almost overpowered by the sense of oppressive warmth, even In the coldest weather. "I remember that the second week in January, 1864, was one of the coldest ever known In northern Virginia. A deep snow preceded the cold spell.' At that time the Federal troops were In possession of Harper's Ferry, at the > foot of the Shenandoah valley. They I had pushed their outposts out upon j the hills known as Loudon Heights, and Colonel Mosby determined to attack ar.d drive In these outposts. "We met at Uppervllle, 86 miles south of Loudon Heights, about 3 o'clock one bitterly cold afternoon. There were about 200 of us, all warm ly clothed In heavy unaerwe&r, uuck flannel shirts, heavy service trousers, thick boots and stout leggings. "When we took up the line of march over the crusty snow the mercury was near zero, a temperature almost unprecedented in that country, and a cold north wind blew in our faces. "We sat a moment, literally frozen, waiting for the word. Then came the order, 'Charge!' and with a wild yell we swept down upon the sleeping enemy's camp. Of course, it was an uneven light. Even the best of soldiers cannot light unless in formation, and these poor fellows, roused suddenly from dreams by the crack of the reon?? Ita Map In f AW UJld re- I umjr u^/vr** wi?v .... ? strlcted cases. Now, It will be noticed that I have so far, remembering the limitations of space, carefully confined myself to the statement of salient facts, and have not Indicated wherein lies the great difference between the old and the 'new methods. As briefly as can be it Is this: By the old method, except that sometimes the harpoon was fired from a small gun In the bow of a boat, all the hunting was done by hand weapons, and.the sinking of a whale meant the loss of that whale. Now a huge sum Is used to fire a harpoon weighing 110 pounds, and also carrying a bomb. Attached to It Is a rope stout enough to haul a dead whale to the surface from whatever depth he dies. Means to Inflate him for the purpose of keeping him afloat are carried, and by the scientific arrangements of springs and buffers all shocks to the sturdy little steamers are minimized.?London Mall. niM'.e AC TUC AIM B KM I HIU I rinnic vr I III. V>?>. French Privateer Who Had Commie ion to Plunder 8panisH Ship*. Brief news dispatches told the day of the sailing of the steamer laden with $5,000,000 In gold for a port on the Caribbean Sea?and not a pirate to fear! What a prize that vessel would have been In the brave days of old, when Jean Lafltte, the patriot pirate of the Gulf, ruled over a little outlaw kingdom of his own within a few miles of the city of New Orleans. A picturesque figure was Jean Lafit te, with a graceful, courtly deviltry about him which made him popular with many of the most estimable dwellers In New Orleans. Handsome, able, averse to the shedding of blood, and even possessed of loyalty to the government whose excise laws he made It his business to break. I Lafltte, as you may guess, was French. He drifted to Louisiana In the early years of the nineteenth century, and set up In piracy In the Bay of Bartarla, a sheltered harbor on the Gulf of Mexico, protected by a long island called Grand Terre, where Jean Lafltte dwelt In a house of bricK, wun broad and comfortable verandas, where one might loll at ease In a hammock, smoking and drinking lazily, while pirate chiefs filed in to bring reports of plunder taken and prospects ahead. No crude or common pirate was this Jean Lafltte. He held a privateer's commission from the republic of Carthagena, which has been recently established In South America and has long since been forgotteen, and this commission gave him the right to plunder Spanish ships. Perhaps he plundered other ships, too; but the Spanish were his principal victims. Lafltte's followers were a motely collection?black, white, yellow and red ?restless and reckless rovers of the sea. One must admire the ability of the man in keeping them as well under control as he did, for there was no looting of the nearby coast?no disorder in Louisiana. Lafltte trafficked In silk and gold and negroes; fulfilled his contract promptly, sold his goods openly at auction even In the city or wew urieans ana naa many friends among the planters. He waa popular, too; nhere Is no doubt of that Had It been other* wise, he would not have been permitted to rem ,Un live years in Baratarla. As early as 1809, we find governors of Louisiana thundering against him, but Lafltte went calmly about his business. Occasionally a revenue officer was killed n a brush with the pirates. Invariably Lafltte expressed his sorrow that bloodshed had become necessary. A case was brought against him in the Federal court; the dlstrlot attorney was a man named Grym.es. Lafltte went to see Grymes, and the result of the visit was taat the district attorney resigned his office and undertook Laflltte's defense. He and tne lawyer wno aaaisieu mm were promised $10,000 apiece for their services and trot it After the case was dismissed, Qrymea went hack to Barataria to receive his fee and spent a week feasting with the pirates, who treated hici with princely hospitality and escorted him back tc the Mississippi in a landsome yawl, laden with caskets of fold and stiver. Repeated attempts had been made to organise a military expedition to destroy LAfltte's pirate colony, bat up to the year 1114 they had always come to nothing. In September of that year a British brig anchored six miles from Bare aria Pass, and its captain came ashore and offered Lafltte a captain's commission in the British navy fuid $$0,000 if he would join the British in in attack agaiust New Orleans. Lafltte pretended to consider the offer, sending word meantime to a member oi the legislature of the British cajitain's offer aud declaring that ha a r.,i IA navar aiv>?n t It. Ha sent another letter to Governor Claiborne, who had offered |l>,000 for Lafltte'a head, and for whoee head Lafltte in ret-'irn, In a spirit of gay bravado, had offered a rewarl of $80,000. Lafltte suggested that the governor extend clemency to his plrttta, who in return would aid in the defense of the state against the British. The offer was rejected, and an expedition under Commodore Patterson, of the United States navy, tore down the brick houso, confiscated much plunder and drove out the plratea who at first formed their ships in a line of battle, but afterward changed their minds and fled tc> hide among the numberless waterv ayi and bayous. Jean Lailtte and his brother Pierre, escaped an 1 established themselves on the lower Mississippi. Meanwhile Andrew Jackson had arrived to undertake the ciefense of New Orleans. Jean LAfitts went boldly into Mew Orleans to et? him, although the fiery general had declared he would have nothing to do With "theeo pirates and hellish banditti." There must have been a peculiar,charm and persuasiveness about Jeap Lafitte, for after the Interview, Jpcftp -dWhsed his mind, accepted the aid of the pirates and showed the utmost trust In them, and throughout the siege of New Orleans the followers of Lafitte showed themselves worthy of confidence. They were excellent gunners, and two of Lafltte's captains, Dominique Tou and a man named Beluche, were put In charge of shlpa When the British had been driven away, Jackson recommended that Lafitte and his men be granted pardon for all previous mlsdemeaj ors, and the thing was done. , * The city of New Orleans even erected a statue In honor of Domln lque Tou when he dletf may yean later. Nobody seems to know exactly what became of Jean Lafitte and his brother. They evidently could not bear to settle down end become prosaic burglars; inl81? we find Jean In Galveston, Texas, whence he was chased by the Spanish government in 1820. Later there came stories of cruises in the Caribbean; the call of the sea was too strong for the onetime Baratrlan. Today, red, black and yellow fishermen dry shrimps where swarthy pirate folk once swaggered, gorgeous In scarlet sashes, but you may still hear whispered tales of Jean Lafitte and of Iron-bound obests of gold burled under the roots of the tall pampas grass.?Kansas City Star. Highsst Mountain In United 8tat*s. ?The highest mountain In Oregon la Mount Ho<>d, 11,228 feet above sea level. Comptxed with Mount Whitney, to the south, in California, and Mount Ranter, to the nofOrtir Washington, each rising well above 14,000 feet, Mount Hood does not appear as a sky scraper. However, according to the geologists of the United States geological survey and other authorities, Oregon had at one time, probably before the dawr of life upon the earth, a great volcano which towered as tax above Mount Hood as does, Mount Rainier, possibly even tieveral thousand feet higher. This was the great Mount Mazama. But thousands of years ago this mountain disappeared into the towels of the earth, and all that Is left today Is the huge rim around crater caxe. Crater I^ake Is the caldera of thla extinct and collapsed volcano and la nearly six miles in diameter. The lnside walls of the rim of the ancient mountain are in places nearly 4,0i/0 feet high and almost perpendicular. The lake Itself, is in places 2,000 feet deep and parts of the wall rise above its water another 2,000 feet A restoration of the mountain in fancy, using as a base the angles of the lower slopes, which still remain, shows that the apex could not have been far from 15,000 feet in height, so that Mount Mazama was one of the most lofty and majestic peaks in the United States.? San Francisco Chronicle. > Ocean 8ix Miles Deep.?A surveying ship of the German navy has recently discovered the deepest spot In the ocean. It is near the Philippines, about foriy miles off the north coast of Mindanao. Great depths were found to be numerous in this region, but the record sounding showed the amazing result of 9,780 meters, or 406 feet more than six miles. The greatest ocean depth hitherto known was found by the United States cable steamer Nero In 1901. This spot was to the south of the Island of Guam, and the deep sea lead indicated 9,635 meters?Just a little less than six miles.?New York Press.