Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, March 21, 1913, Image 1

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^?aaaa??-a??as-s ^ jWPB^SgMI'WggHi!^ l. *. grists sons, Pabiiihjr.. [ S <#*?% IN*liaj>eii: J[or th* promotion of th* political; Stomal, Sartyltopl anil Commercial Interests oj th$ feojil*. j TM-^0liVpir! nv^c??!*' ESTABLISHED 1855. YORKVILLE, 8. C., FRID-AY, MARCH 21, 1913. NO. 23. , , , . 1 { THE AMERIC. I _ I By ETTA 1 ! ju, ..... ..... CHAPTER XXXHI?Continued. When she awoke the full light * day warf shining lnto^ the^humble room wnere sne my. one nea.ru mc uvnm^ of cocks, the cackling of geese outside the cottage gate, and somewhere near at hand. Celeste was rattling her pots and pans. Ethel's first movement brought her hostess to the door. "Ah, madame," she said, "you are awake! I will attend to you?Finette is not here. She has gone to Paris with Gustave, and the horse and cart She had business which could not be put off, and she bade me tell you to be patient tHl her return. Tour breakfast waits, madame, and your clothes are dried and pressed. I will help you to dress." With kind, swift hands, Celeste assisted the fugitive countess into her own garments, and set before her a cup of real French coffee and an omelette with herbs. Ethel ate and drank a very little; then she said to Celeste, in French: "Are we quite alone here?" "Yes, madame." "No person has appeared in search of me?" "No, madame." She then retired, leaving her guest to her own reflections. Ethel sat at the table where the Frenchwoman had placed her breakfast, gaxing away through an open window toward the woods of Verrleres. The storm had passed with the night?the sky was without a cloud. A scent of roses perfumed the cottage, the breath of blossoming herbs was wafted in from the garden without. On w a hnmminsr-hird fluttered In the cup of a scarlet flower. Bees droned In the sunshine. The whole morning was radiant with Joy. She only was miserable and despairing. With hands working In a distressed way on the lap of her black dress. Ethel pondered. What was to become of her? She had not a sou In the world, and to remain under this humble roof was clearly impossible. To put the world betwixt herself and her husband?this was now her one overmastering desire; but how could she do It? How fly to her friends?to America?the haven for which her sick heart yearned? Friendless, penniless, stripped by the count of all her valuables; fugitive and alone, her condition was Indeed desperate. "It Is all like a horrible dream," she thought, pressing her hands to her confused head. "Can It be I, Ethel Sardis, once so happy, so proud, so carefully sheltered from every wind of heaven, who have suffered these humiliations, dangers and agonies? I can scarcely believe It! What can I do? Whither can I go? Oh! I wiBh I had perished In the chateau last night!" It was high noon when a carriage topped at tne cottage aoor; ana a moment after Ethel lifted her forlorn eyes and saw two persons entering the humble room wherein she sat. One was Finette; the other was a tall. r*rfhalred man, with a rugged, unhandsome face, eloquent now with mingles" compassion and indignation?Sir Valentine Arbuckle; and, even before a word was spoken, Ethel knew that Finette had concealed nothing from him. She started with a faint cry from her chair. "Countess," he said, ad van. ig quickly to her side, "your servant visited me at my hotel a few how ago, and so long as I live I shall feel grateful to her for so doing. Do not distress yourself; no explanations are necessary?I understand everything. I am come to help you." Her pride was gone, her strength was gone. She looked into his rugged, sincere face, and silently (for she was past speaking) held out one weak, imploring hand. He took it firmly betwixt his own. "Remember what I said to you in the church, countess. Do not regard me as a stranger. I am glad, most glad, to be of service to the daughter of my former employer. Indeed, I would not have missed this opportunity for worlds." The tears welled slowly up in her great, dark eyes. "Strange that Flnette should have thought of you!" she murmured "Strange that she should have appealed to you in this strait. I never saw your face a half dozen times in my life." "That does not matter in the least." said Sir Valentine brightly. "As I said before. I shall never cease to thank your maid for this proof of her confidence. Pardon, can you not, for a little while, look upon me as a brother? Finette has told me some facts? others I can guess for myself. After what has passed I am confident that you do not wish to meet that man? Count Stahl?again." "No, no." "Have you any friends in Paris?in Europe, with whom you might take refuge for a while?" A smile, sadder than tears, flitted across her pale lips. "No, no my lord. Three weeks ago, I had many friends?now I have none. I am. and must henceiortn De, as ueau to the world, as though I had perished last night in the chateau." He stood for a moment as if listening to the gabble of Celeste's geese, outside the window; then he said: "Tell me, do you wish to return to New York?to your own relatives, countess?" "I do?I do!" she sobbed, under her breath. "Then I beg you will permit me to conduct you without delay to Havre. Finette will go with us. No time is to be lost, if you desire to leave France before the count can put himself upon your track. You will take passage in over madame till her arrival in New York. I will find some person of trust in whose charge I can place you during the voyage. Before many days you will be safe with your own people." She did not speak, but she looked al him with eloquent eyes. "Pray do not forbid me to do you this small service," he said. "Forbid! Oh, no! I accept it with my whole thankful heart. Heaver surely sent you to my deliverance!' Before he knew what she was about to do, she raised his hand to her quivering lips. "Most gratefully, most fearlessly, I place myself in youi charge," she said. Disguised in a thick veil and a long mourning wrap which Sir Valentint and Flnette had taken the precautlor to bring with them from Paris, Ethel left the cottage at Verrieres. She had nothing to bestow upon Celeste at parting, but the baronet turned upon the humble threshold, and filled the hard hand of Gustave's wif? with glittering gold pieces. A hundred miles and more she Journeyed to Havre, comforted, supported guarded by Finette and Sir Valentint Arbuckle. There, in that western port when everything had been provided for her voyage?when the baronet had placed her in care of the captain ol the steamship in which she w">s tc satt, and received the officer's -, trance that he would faithfuly -atct over madame till her arriva lln New York, Ethel parted with devoted servant and new-found friend. "I can never, never hope to discharge the debt I owe you," she sighed, as she looked for the last time ir Sir Valentine's good-natured face. "I beg you will not mention it, countess. Remember my obligations t< your late father." AN COUNTESS ? I ? W. PIERCE. | . f I "Ah, I fear that la a pleasant fiction, Invented solely to soothe my pride, Sir Valentine. I bless you for all your goodness unto me. Tour money I can and shall return to you; but the generosity which prompted you to hasten to my aid In my great distress and need?that I can never repay." She embraced Flnette with tears. "I owe my life to you," said Ethel. "If you had not entered my service In Paris, what would have become of me! How sorry, how sorry I am that I cannot reward you as you deserve." "I wish for no reward, madame," sobbed Flnette. "You are safe; you have escaped the fate of my poor, dear mistress; you are going to your friends?that is enough for me. My lord will take me back to Paris, and I shall find service there. Heaven guard you! Ah, It Is sad Indeed for you to cross the sea alone." Sir Valentine, as he pressed Ethel's hand In farewell, murmured: "It shall be my pleasure to see that Flnette loses nothing by her devotion to you. Do not let that matter trouble you for a moment A man Is bound to reward virtue wherever he finds It ?It's?a duty which he owes to society. Such rare service as hers must not pass unrecognized." And there was something in the baronet's face which augured well for Flnette. And then the trio parted; two to return to Paris, one to cross the sea?not as she had made that passage in the old days, in the full flush of her beauty and prosperity, but a sad, sick woman, worse than widowed, shrinking from curious eyes, hating the past, dreading the future, forsaken, friendless, alone. CHAPTER XXXIV. Ths Track of tho Storm. '1 with to see Miss Mabel Sardls? the young lady who has hitherto been known as Mercy Dill." The speaker was Eric Saxe. He stood, hat In hand, In the parlor of Madame Manners' school, addressing a worn, sad under-teacher, who answered, with some hesitation: "Miss Sardls is in great affliction. The death of her guardian, or, rather, her father?for, of course, we all know that he was her father?is a sad blow to her. Your name, If you please?" Eric Saxe produced a card. "Be so good as to say, a relative from New York." The teacher departed. It was not long before Saxe heard a light step in the passage outside. The door opened, and Mercy Dill stood before him. She was dressed in deepest mourning. She looked wan and sorrowful. Her wonderful golden hair, her violet eyes, her classic face, gave the artist a thrill of pleased surprise. "Miss Sardls, you never heard of me before?" he said quietly. She glanced at the card in her hand. "Never." "You have a cousin, Beatrix Sardls, who was your father's late ward. She Is my wife; and I come, at her request, to make your acquaintance, and 10 conauci you, 11 you win aiiow me, to the place where we feel that Cullen Sardis' daughter ought to be at this particular time?our home." The blood rushed to her white cheeks, the quick tears to her eyes. "You know all, then? My dear father told you"? "Yes. On the night of his death he wrote a letter to his wife. In which he related your story and commended you to her care." "And she?does she wish to see me?" cried Mercy, eagerly. His face grew very grave. "Miss Sardis, your father's wife lies stricken with paralysis at my own house. For years she has been a ner vous sufferer, and in tne loss or rortune, position and husband together she sustained a terrible shock?this Is the result. She Is helpless; she knows next to nothing of what is passing around her. She can live but a short time. Her own daughter Is In France. Her friends?well, there are few friends that cling to us in misfortune. Miss Sardis. Will you not come to her? It is impossible to ascertain whether she wishes it or not, but surely she needs you." "Oh, I shall be only too glad!" cried Mercy, tearfully?"only too happy to find my kindred. I have thought of them so much of late. I am all alone, and oh!"?with an involuntary clinching of her slim hands?"I cannot tell you how lonely, how utterly forsaken I have felt since my dear father's death. When the dreadful news was sent to me, I hastened to Jacob Phillips' to beg him to take me to New York, but he could not. He was very ill?completely prostrated, Indeed, by the misfortunes and the sad end of his master; and so I returned to the school, to here wait patiently until I could determine whether or not my relatives were willing to receive me." "In the confusion and embarrassments which your father's death brought upon us," said Saxe, "I confess that we forgot you and your claim for a few terrible days, but, as you see, only to remember you again as soon as we could collect our scattered "I understand," she answered, simply. "Take me to Mrs. Sard is. I will do my utmost to All the place of her 1 own daughter?I will, indeed!" Eric Saxe looked at the earnest, beautiful face, and said to himself that one good, at least, had come from the wreck of the Sardls fortunes, and > that was the discovery of this girl. "When will you be ready to start?" he asked. . "At any hour?at any moment." i "Then, by all means, let us go toi night." The cruel fate that seemed never tired of heaping fresh afflictions upon Mercy had given her a father and a i fortune, only to snatch both from her Acaf Umie rtf rvnouooalnn * hllf thp appearance of Eric Saxe, the assurI ance that her unknown kindred had thought of her and desired to have her i with them, was balm Indeed to her desolate heart, i Her bills at the school had been paid ' by Cullen Sardis before his suicide. ' She had nothing to do but pack her I belongings, bid farewell to teachers and pupils, and depart with Erix Saxe. I He was very kind and courteous and ' communicative. On the Journey to New York, Mercy learned from him much of the family history. She plied : him particularly with questions cons cerning Ethel. i "To think that I have a sister!" she I murmured, as the two sat upon the deck of a Sound steamer, approaching their destination through the rosy glow of an early June dawn; "it seems too good to be true. But I fear t so grand a lady will scarcely care for me. And she is so far away, it is not likely that we shall ever meet. Have , you sent her word. Mr. Saxe, of?of"? ( "Yes, of everything," he answered . gravely. "Your grand lady, Miss Sari dls, leads a sad life of it. Candidly I speaking, Count Stahl is an unprincif pled scoundrel, who has drawn his > supplies for the last two years, and even longer, from Culien Sardis' pocki et. To him is due, in a great measr ure, your father's ruin. What he will do now?how the banker# failure and death will effect Ethel's domestic hap piness, we cannot tell; but my little wife is full of grave doubts and anxl? eltes upon the subject. "A countess and miserable!" mur mured Mercy; "oh, poor darling!" ) She was very thoughtful and silent for the remainder of the way. When the steamer reached the pier, Eric Saxe placed Mercy In a carriage, and drove directly to a modest house in a quiet, respectable street where Bee was watching and waiting for him. It was a cozy little nest, lacking no comfort, filled with sunshine and harmonious colors, and glorified by the faces of a pretty blonde wife, and a dark-eyed, year-old baby. Here Eric Saxe painted his pictures, here his fashionable patrons came to sit for portraits; here Bee rejoiced every day of her busy, nappy life, that she had married her heart's choice in defiance of all opposing forces; and here, like an angel of forgiveness and charity, she now sat by the bedside of the helpless, dying Mrs. Sardls. Sudden trouble had finished the work upon which excitement, chloral and the dissipations of high life had long been engaged. Better so, perhaps, tr\r> ZlAofli nniiM heira ?i/v orrnis? for ivi uvaui v>wusvs na * c uv vvt i wi v *v? Mrs. Sardls like those of poverty and obscurity. , Mercy, jaded with the Journey of the night, crossed the threshold of the artist's home, and straightway found herself clasped in the arms of its littie fair-haired mistress, who came gliding down a softly-carpeted stair in the morning sunshine, to give the forlorn girl a warm and Joyful welcome. The two looked in each other's faces, and became inalienable friends from that moment "And you are Ethel's sister!" said Bee. 'Oh, how strange it all seems! Except for your fair hair and blue eyes, you are very like her, my dear; the same figure, the same features, the same style. Oh, you beautiful darling. I mean to love you with all my heart; I feel that you will be a source of strength to all of us." The tears rushed to Mrcy's eyes. She kissed the speaker with grateful fervor. "A thousand thanks! Does Mrs. Sardls know that I am here?can I see her?" "She knows nothing," answered Bee. sadly. "Yes, you shall see her?Eric, I know, has told you all. What a sad? what a terrible thing to happen to one like her! In looking at her now, I could forgive her every sin which it is possible for one human being to commit against another." Mercy brusht 1 the dust of travel from her garments, and then hastened 10 mro. ouraiB unamuer. She lay on a cool, white bed, In the soft shadow of closed shutters and falling muslin curtains; speechless, motionless, helpless?in the grip of that terrible disease, paralysis. Bee leaned over her, all her old animosity gone, her pretty, fresh face full of pity and tenderness. "Aunt Amelia," she said, gently, "this is my cousin, Mabel?your stepdaughter. She has come to remain with us. She will take Ethel's place? I am sure we shall all love her dearly." The hollow eyes of the sick woman opened and fastened upon Mercy. The latter bent and laid her soft young lips to the nerveless hand on the counterpane. Mrs. Sardls groaned. Where now was her pride, her fierce will, her determined ambition? A few days before she had been a leader of society, a queen of fashion, with untold wealth, as the world thought, at her command. Now, a shattered wreck, riches gone, prestige gone, her vital forces spent, her life hanging by a thread, widowed and alone, she lay in the home of the girl whose happiness she had tried her best to despoil. "We brought her here," Bee whispered to Mercy, "because the house on Fifth avenue and everything within it is in the hands of my uncle's creditors. There is nothing left of his wealth? literally nothing. And my fortune, too, is gone?from guardy's private papers we learn that he used it it* outside speculations. Well, we "do "fidt' much care?Eric ana i. we couia noi oe happier if we had the wealth of Croesua. Time was when Aunt Amelia and I were sworn foes; but now?now I would do anything for her; I would sacrifice anything for her comfort? poor, poor dear." Yes, Bee's fortune was swallowed up in the general wreck; and Bee's brkve lips spoke truly when she said she did not much care. Her marriage with Brie Saxe had been absurdly happy. For his sake she would have liked the money; but since it was gone, she would not mourn for it As long as she was Eklc's wife and the happy possessor of the dark-eyed year-old, how could she dare to complain? With a face of calm resolution, Mercy held whispered counsel with Bee In this wise: "It is I who must take care of her, not you. She has no claim upon you ?she is my father's widow?it is my duty to provide for her?that Is, with Ethel's consent I will write to her at once, and tell her my plans. I have money which my father gave me at the school?I shall use it for her immediate wants. And I must begin to teach at once. I suppose," with an anxious quiver in her young voice, "that it will be no very easy matter for me to And pupils In music here in great city, where I am altogether unknown ?" Bee pondered. "You must advertise, of course. We hnvA ?n old friend who often drODS into Eric's studio to spend an hour? Lawrence Harding. He Is the editor of a daily newspaper. We will taJk with him about it But, stay! I know of another person, who might help us even more?Miss Vann. She is a distant relative, very wealthy, very generous, and the only one of all our former friends upon whom we can rely. Sh is soon to marry a certain baron? a detestable?but I will 'cut' that, as Eric says, since it is nothing that can interest you. Miss Vann has much Influence, and I am sure she will be quite willing to exert it all in your behalf. Of course, you will make your home with me. I have a trusty servant, and together we can attend to Aunt Amelia, while you are away teaching, dear. I feel very uneasy about Ethel. She Is unhappy, and she does not write to us as she used to. We have received no letters for weeks. I fear, I greatly fear, that guardy's death will be a terrible blow to her." The next day Miss Vann's carriage appeared in the quiet street, and Miss Vann herself rustled Into Eric Saxe's studio, where Bee sat, with her rosy boy in her arms, watching her husband as he mixed his colors. "She is here, Miss Vann!" cried the little matron, letting her baby slip down to the hearth-rug, in her excitement, "and, oh, I am delighted with her! She is as lovely as an angel. I want Eric rwnl'o o rvU^nna r\f hor of nnpp " "Bring: her to me," said Miss Vann. Bee ran to Mrs. Sardis' chamber, found Mercy by the sick woman's bed, thinking: over the situation, with gnrave lips and anxious eyes, and hurried her to the studio and presented her to Miss Vann. The rich spinster grave one searching look at this new-found daughter of the house of Sardis, and, with characteristic promptness, took her straight into her big, generous heart. "Consider me your friend," she said, kissing Mercy on both pale cheeks. "And now, let me hear all your plans, my precious children, and approve or disapprove of the same, as the case may be." She sank into a chair, spread out her rustling silks, drew the gloves from her Jeweled hands, and, with a kindly smile on her sallow, bearded face, prepared to enter into the family council. In a few words Bee explained Mercy's hopes and wishes. "Bee has a piano in the next room, said Miss Vann; "perhaps you will let me hear your voice, my dear? I have some knowledge of music, and would be glad to Judge of your ability myself." Mercy selected and sang an ^ria from one of Gounod's operas, play in u her own accompaniment. The rare beauty of her voice, so powerful and distinct in the higher notes, so rich and full in the lower ones, and the perfection of her touch, struck Charlotte Vann with wonder and delight. This girl had talent; under happier circumstances she might have won for herself fame and fortune. (To be continued.) piswllaneous padtoj). 80UTH CAROLINA'S POPULATION Interacting Facts as Nativity, 8chool Attendance, Etc. The composition and characteristics of the population of South Carolina, as reported at the thirteenth decennial census are given in an advance bulletin soon to be issued by Director Durand, of the bureau of census, department of commerce and labor. It was prepared under the supervision of Wm. C. Hunt, chief statistician for population. Statistics of color, nativity, parentage, sex, state of birth, citlsenshlp, age, illiteracy, school attendance, marital condition, and dwellings and families are presented. They are grouped as follows: For the state and counties; for the two cities of more than 25,000 Inhabitants; for the two cities of 10,000 to 25,000; for places of 2,500 to 10,000; and for wards of Charleston, the only city of more than 60,000 Inhabitants. A previous population bulletin for South Carolina gave the number of Inhabitants by counties and minor civil divisions, decennial Increase and density of population, and the proportions urban and rural. That and the forthcoming bulletin cover all the principal topics of the population census except occupations and ownership of homes. Color and Nativity. The white population Is divided Into four groups: (1) Native, native parentage?that Is, having both parents born in the United States; (2) native, j foreign parentage?having both parents born abroad; (S) native, mixed | parentage?having one parent native [and the other foreign born; (4) foreign born. Of the total population of South Carolina 679,161, or 44.8 per cent, are whites, and 835,848 or 55.2 per cent negroes. The corresponding per centages in 1900 were 41.6 and 58.4, respectively, the proportion of whites having Increased during the decade. In 14 of the 48 counties the proportion of negroes exceeds, three-fourths, and In 29 other counties it exceeds one-half, the maximum per centage of negroes being that for Beaufort county (86.9.) | Native whites of native parentage constitute 43.7 per cent of the total population of the state, and 97.6 per cent of the white population. Native whites of foreign or mixed parentage constitute only 0.8 per cent of the total population, and foreign born whites only 0.4 per cent. Of the urban population. 49.6 per cent are native whites of native parentage; of the rural 42.7 per cent The corresponding proportions for native whites of foreign or mixed parentage are 3.4 and 0.3 per cent, respectively; for foreign-born whites, 1.8 and 0.2 per cent. The per centage of negroes Is 45.2 In the urban population and 56.9 In the rural. 8?x. In the total population of the state there are 761,842 males and 763,658 females, or 98.6 males to 100 females. In 1900 the ratio was 98.4 to 100. Among the whites there are 102.4 males to 100 females; among the negroes, 96.4 to 100. Among the native whites the ratio is 102 to 100, as compared with 169.8 to 100 for the foreign-born whltea In the urban population there are 90.2 males to 100 females, but in the rural regions the sexes are nearly equal In numoer. 8tat* of Birth. Of the total native population?that la, ' population born In the United Statea?94.8 per cent were born In South Carolina and 6.2 per cent outside the state; of the native white popalatlon, 9.4 per cent were born outalde the atate, and of the native negro, 1.8 per cent Persona born outside the state constitute a larger proportion , of the native population In urban than in rural communities. Foreign Nationalities. Of the foreign-born white population of South Carolina, persons born in Germany represent 28.8 per cent; Russia, 13; Ireland, 11.1; England, 8.S; Italy, 5; Greece, 4.7; Canada 4.6; all other countries 19.4 per cent. Of the total white stock of foreign origin which Includes persons born abroad and also natives have one or both parents born abroad. Germany contributed 33.2 per cent; Ireland, 19.3; England, 8.9; Russia, 8.4; Scotland, 4.6; Canada 3.6; Italy, 2.2; Turkey, 2.6; Austria, 2.4 per cent. Voting and Militia Ages. The total number of males 23 years of age and over Is 336,046, representing 22.1 per cent of the population. Of such males, 19.5 per cent are whites and 50.6 per cent are negroes. Native whites represent 48.6 per cent of the total number and foreign-born whites 1 per cent. Of the 3,356 foreign-born white males of voting age, 1,602 or 47.7 per cent, are naturalized. Males of militia age?18 to 44?number 276,788. Age. Of the total population 16.1 per cent are under 5 years of age, 26.6 per cent from 6 to 14 years, inclusive, 21.4 per cent from 15 to 24, 23.6 per cent from 25 to 44, and 13.5 per cent 45 years of r.ge and over The foreignborn white population comprises comparatively few children, only 4.8 oer cent of this class being under 15 years of age, while 82.9 per cent are 25 years of age and over. Of the native white population of native parentage, 39.9 per cent are 25 and over; of the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage 55.2 per cent, and of the negroes, 33.9 per cent. The urban population shows a smaller proportion of children than the rural, and a larger proportion of persons In the prime of life. Migration to the city explains this at least In part. Of the urban population, 30.5 per cent are from 25 to 44 years of age. Inclusive, and of the rural population, 22.2 per cent. The census Inquiry as to school attendance was merely as to whether the kind of school at any time between September 1, 1909, and the date of enumeration, April 15, 1910. 8chool Attendance. The total number of persons of school age?that is 6 to 20 years, inclusive?Is 564,260, of whom 291,307, or 51.6 per cent attended school. In addition to these, 4.566 children under 6 and 4,486 persons 21 and over attended school. For boys from 6 to 20 years. Inclusive, the per centage attending school was 60.7, for girls. 52.6. For children from 6 to 14 years. Inclusive, the per centage attending school was 62.6. The per centage for children of this age among native whites of natlve parentage was 72.1; among native whites of foreign or mixed parentage. 81.4; among foreign-born whites, 82.2; and among negroes. 56.1. In urban communities the per centage of children of that age attending school was 71.4, and In rural 61.5. Illiteracy. The census bureau classifies as Illiterate any person 10 years of age or over who Is unable to write, regardless of ability to read. There are 276,980 illiterates In the state, representing 25.7 per cent of the total population 10 years of age and over, as compared with 35.9 per cent I n Ifififi T?Vi ~ nor oontn r\f <111s>?r Ill 19V/V. 1 lir FCI VCIIMIBC l/l IIIIICIOV/ is 38.7 among negroes, 10.3 among native whlteB, and 6.8 among foreign born whites. It Is 10.6 for native whites of native parentage and 1.4 for native whites of foreign or mixed parentage. Illiterates are relatively fewer In urban than In rural communites, the per centages being 15.6 and 27.7, respectively. The rural per centage exceeds the urban for each class of the population except the foreign-born whites, most of whom arrive In this country when past the school age. Among them the per centage of Illiteracy is slightly higher in the urban population than In the rural. For persons from 10 to 20 years of age, Inclusive, whose literacy depends largely upon present school facilities and school attendance, the per centage of Illiteracy is 19.1. Marital Condition. In the population 15 year* of age and over, 35.5 per cent of the males are single and 28 per cent of the females. The per centage married Is 69.7 for males and 58.4 for females, and the percentage widowed 4.4 and 12.1, respectively. Although the law granting divorces In . South Carolina was repealed In 1878, the number reported In 1910 as divorced 1s believed to be too small, because of the probability that a number of divorced persons class themselves as single or widowed. That the per centage Is smaller for women than for men Is due largely to the fact that women marry younger. Thus 17.4 per cent of the females from 15 to 19 years of age are married, as compared with 3.1 per cent of the males, and 60.5 per cent of the females from 20 to 24 years are married, as compared with 41.8 per cent of the m^les. In the next age group, 25 to 84 years, the difference largely dlsapEra, and among those In the next > age groups the per centage marI Is higher among the males. That there Is a larger proportion of widows than of widowers may indicate that then more often re-marry than women, but, since the husbands are generally Older than their wives the marriage ielatlonahlp is more often broken by eath of the husband than by death of lie wife. .For the main elements of the population the per centages of married per?ons among those 15 years of age and over are as follows: Foreign-bom whites, 68 for males and 69 for females; native whites of native parentage, 68.3 and 59.5, respectively; native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, 51.6 and 46; negroes, 61.1 and FTheee per centages by no means indicate the relative tendency of the several classes as regards marriage. To determine that the comparison should be made by age periods, since the proportion married In any class Is determined largely by the proportion who have reached the marrying age. ? imilarly, the proportion widowed de(ends largely on the proportion past middle life. The per centage married, 66th for males and for females, is higher In rural than in urban communities. -The total number of dwellings In South Carolina Is 302,842, and the total number of families 316,204, Indicating that In comparatively few cases does more than one family occupy a dwelling. The average number of persons Mr dwelling is 5 and the average num IK, A O wv* pci icLiimj, i.o. CHINA TURNS TO AMERICA looks to the United 8tstes in Making the Nation. " The Chinese nation, after being bound hhnd and foot for centuries, has at laiat courageously broken loose from her past and la now ready to step forward to make use of her unlimited pomntiality. Now, what la going to be the effect of this tremendous change? asks Ching-Chun Wang In the North American Review. This is what especially Interests us, for It Is universally recognized that what affects China affects the whole world. Answers to this question are too many to enumerate. Suffice It to say that for China herself it means a steady advancement in all branches of modern civilisation, and to her friends It offers an unprecedented opportunity. With the adoption of a modern republican constitutlon and the codification of her laws, China, once free from her ancient bondages, will march forward by leaps a$d bounds. There are the rallwayt to bullcLthe mines to open, the ;< tries to develop, the religious attitude * ? ?.!?? ?? el. ? nnnln 1 faKid/t tn n/satrn lu me DUWIOI mui IW VV '?vu? v< In short, China has to be remade. Ab was the case with the revolution itself the impending changes will be accomplished with such speed that we shall loon find China a brand-new country, a regular workshop with her teeming 1 population. China has contributed to the outer world in the past. Once free from obstacles, China, with her untold resources and wholesome traditions, will soon begin to make stupendous contributions again. In this transformation China will offer an unprecedented opportunity to men of all professions. The educator will find a new field, the theologian will have a fresh opening, the manufacturer will meet a gigantic consum- l er, the merchant will discover a golden market Indeed, one of the most certain things to follow the recent upheaval will be the enormous increase in China's foreign trade. On this point all observers?optimists and pessimists alike?agree. The world will see in China a stride forward in commercial progress such as it has never seen before. China has held back from foreign things for centuries. The foreign imports, which have already reached enormous proportions, represent only what has been hammered into China through closed doors and which hardly represents a tithe of the trade that will accompany the opening up of the country. During her period of seclusion the seed has been sown for such a harvest of trade and commercial prosperity that it will keep all the factories of the world busy to cope with her demands. We can safely say that today, on the eve of the transformation and opening nn of china, with her untold wealth, stupendous markets and unlimited future, the United States holds the highest advantage over all other nations. The American merchant is much preferred, the American missionary is better trusted, the American university is more desired. In short, everything American shares a certain amount of this good will. In the recent revolution Itself America has always been looked upon as a good friend. To repeat, it is America that has taken the lead in preventing some of the powers from Interfering with our domestic affairs. There is not the least doubt that China will become more friendly to America and learn more from her than from any other country. We have today mc/e than 800 students in American schools, with more to come over. When these young men return to China as engineers, agriculturists, foresters, and so forth, do you think that they can turn their backs upon the TTnited States and flirt with Germany or Russia? Impossible! They will want everything American to which they are accustomed. Therefore, there Is no reason why America should not get the lion's share of the possibilities of our regeneration. "Tha New Isaiah."?That venerable prophet of the plain people, Benjamin Tillman, sitting on the mountain side and looking over the rich plain, sees the rustling in the grain where It is as If a rough wind beat down the stalks, and, seeing, he sings: "The wild asses of the desert are athlrst and hungry. They have broken into tne green corn. Benjamin, seeing and singing, thinks he reads the words?"I've forgotten whether in Jeremiah, Isaiah or in the Psalms. It fits the case exactly." Benjamin is his own Isaiah, sitting In the mantle of a prophet and singing as such, as he observes the Jeffersonians In the grain. The mood of the prophets is upon him, his vision is theirs, and although he does not take their words, he has their spirit. "And the wild asses did stand in the high places; they snuffed up the wind like dragons; their eyes did fail because there was no grass." "Doth the wild ass bray when he hath grass? or loweth the ox over his fodder?" "Who hath sent out the wild ass free? or who hath loosed the bands of the wild ass?" "Behold, as wild asses in the desert go they forth to their work; rising betimes for a prey; the wilderness yielded food for them and for their children." thnoo on/1 nthor words of the old er prophets Benjamin, observing the I Jeffersonlans, adds his own.?Chicago I Tribune. GOVERNMENT OF BULGARIA Wonderful Progress That Haa Bean Mad# Under Caar Ferdinand. Since laat October, when the quick mobilization and successful advance of the Balkan armies against their common enemy, Turkey, astonished the world, there has everywhere been surprise over the remarkable progress made In the past few years by Bulgaria, the plucky leader and brains of the four-state federation. Even to citizens of the United States, where political development has been rapid, the radical change In a single generation, from Turkish serfdom to practically I one of the most progressive and purely democratic governments known to history, is bewildering. But back of this free government is the libertyloving and Justice-demanding spirit of the great majority of the Ave million people, most unlooked-for in its high ideals and broad principles, after Ave centuries of the most cruel and degrading subjection at the hands of the rapacious Turks. It is one of the marvels of our time, that in practically thirty years those who formerly knew no form of freedom, should plan and make possible, universal made suffrage, splendidly equipped popular education, for both boys and girls; one of the best penal systems extant, with probation for Arst offenders, indeterminate-sentence and parole provisions; and quite unusual "social legislation." Laws coming under this latter division, Include government insurance against accident and sickness for all those employed on public works; a similar compulsory Insurance for all other laborers under corporation or private employ; the forbidding of the employment of women and girls in any and all trades or forms of business which would tend to injure their health or morals; child life and development carefully guarded, no form of child Industrial labor being allowed, and factory hygiene and safety device laws on all manufacturing machines, fully enforced. When one realizes that Bulgaria, about the shape and size of the state of Pennsylvania, is as yet essentially an agricultural country, with 75 per cent of the people owning and cultivating their own farms, these unusual social laws are most remarkable. But it shows, most clearly, the careful, long-headed planning for the future, which has characterized the policies and work of the Bulgarian leaders for the past quarter-century. That this pi egress, noticeable under , the most conspicuous conditions, has been made during disturbed and unsettled years, when there was seemingly no surety for future stability, makes the advance still more remarkable. For years the geographical, as well as political buffer, between Turkey and the European powers, betrayed and belittled alike by open enemy and false friend, Bulgaria looks with sus plclon and distrust upon ail European diplomacy and diplomats, but trusts fully the United states. And no one can wonder at this attitude, when he reads back through history's pages and sees how many times the long-persecuted country begged for help from her Turkish oppressor, and always in vain. Knowing full well the jealousy and tension between the powers, the wily sultans pitted one against the other, and In the meantime did all they willed with the Bulgarian and Macedonian Christiana Their only help came from this country. When, in 1878, independence, after a fashion, came, the first great task set for Itself by the new principality, following the self-governing organisation was the full and complete liberation of their compatriots still under Turkish power. In 1886, Eastern Roumella was Incorporated into the Bulgarian principality, in direct opposition to the ruling of the European diplomats This union gave a greatly Increased working force, and while still Improving steadily their own conditions, the people of larger Bulgaria began a carefully planned educational scheme of the most unselfish type, among their own people In Macedonia. This drain financially to an already heavily taxed nation has been a tremendous one, but so fully has the responsibility been felt, not once has there has been cessation of the work. With this one, all controlling desire to free all the Balkan region from the deadly Turkish grip, Bulgaria, at great sacrifice of men, treasure and time?since all her young men in their prime must give at least two years to military service?organized years ago, ? ? aa/1 on/1 Itn. mi army iu mai cnu, aim ui der competent leaders was incessant. When, last fall, the time came for the blow to be struck, practically every man available for active service was ready and eager to go. The recruiting stations were crowded with the thousands anxious to go to the front. To the complete surprise of the Turks and the rest of the world there was no hitch in the plan or preparation. A deeper and truer patriotism than is often seen, was back of the readiness of this nation to fight. Stories of past Bulgarian and Macedonian atrocities, so foul and horrible as to be but whispered with bated breath, had strengthened the purpose and nerved the arm to put forever out of Europe the hated Turk. The man whose power and influence have been predominant in this unexpected move is Czar (or King) Ferdinand, youngest son of Prince Augustus of Saxe-Coburg Gotha, and Princess Clemantine of Bourbon-Orleans, a daughter of Louis Phllllpe. Ferdinand was born and educated in Vienna, given a military training, and it was while he was serving in the Hungarian army in 1887, that, following the abdication of Prince Alexander, he was asked by Bulgaria to accept the leadership of the struggling principality. By the terms of the treaty of Berlin, the consent of the powers was necessary to this action, but this was not given, even when Ferdinand accepted. Indeed, Turkey, as well as the European powers did not recognize Ferdinand for nearly ten years, but he was, from the first, highly acceptable to his people, being brave, clear-sighted, tactful and having a truly scientific method of doing everything. His riersonalitv and influence are strong, although he is not inclined to be intimate with his subjects. They appreciate, however, his intense desire to make the most of the country and its fine possibilities, as well as to secure for it the proper recognition among the other nations. With this aim in view, he has worked patiently, studiously and with increasing skill and success for over thirty years. The constitution of Bulgaria, which was adopted In 1879 and amended in 1893, places the executive power in the czar, with the legislative responsibility shared between himself and the national assembly. The assembly, or Sobranje, Is made up of deputies, one for every 20,000 inhabitants, elected by universal made suffrage. The czar must sanction all measures passed by the assembly, and In emergencies or under extraordinary circumstances, there is a Great Sobranje of twice the usual number of deputies, but elected In the same way. For administrative purposes, the entire country Is divided into departments, districts and communes, the commune being the unit. The ministry divided Into eight departments, president minister (foreign affairs), minister of the interior, minister of finances, minister of Jus tice. minister or commerce and agri culture, minister of public works an< communications, minister of public In structlon, and minister of war. Thli cabinet Is responsible to the nations assembly and to the czar, or as he 1; commonly called, the king. Follow Ing Russian occupation, district court and justices of the peace were instl tuted. with three courts of appeal an< a supreme court, the latter meeting a Sofia, the capital. Each commune has Its local council and each department its provlncla assembly, whose members are electee for three years. Election to the na tional assembly Is for Ave years. In considering the rapid progresi made by Bulgaria the querry natural lv flrlua m to how thin hM been ae compllshed. Racial character, travel education and contact with other pro gresslve nations have each had a par and share In the great result. Bu those who know most fully the condl tlons In the past forty years, give Iarg< credit to two rather unusual lnfluences. One Is Robert College, whlcl has trained, almost without exception the leaders In every phase of natlona progress. And the other was a week ly paper, the Zornltsa, ?dieted by at American missionary, Rev. T. X* By ington, D. D., who, in spite of Turk ish opposition and Qreek clergy taught thirty years, stirring lessons 01 the fundamental principles of natlona life. Sturdy, Intelligent Independent and an unusual appreciation of th< possibilities and responsibilities ol citizenship were the results.?Los Angeles Times. PROBLEM OP MEXICO men r?w ?cx i nmuwi w ?? < Poor Many. The long, hard, bitter battle that all must fight who go up against organised wealth in a struggle to help th< poor and the oppressed?this fact li again emphasised by the shameful death of Francisco Madero, sometlm< president of the republic (?) of Mexico; and it is a fact worthy of record it this department, dtvoted as it la tc getting fairer legislation for the common man. Long, long ago in glorious Rome, a noble-hearted Roman, a young man ol great wealth and proud family name saw that Rome's greatness was threatened by a land-monopoly, or the control of the land, at least, by a small per centage of the people. He saw the small farms disappearing, great plantations, owned by absentee landowners, driving out the independent land-owners (who are always and everywhere the hope of every state); and Tiberius Gracchus, as the historian points out, "struck at the root of the economic, moral and political decay ol Italy by trying to rebuild the yeoman class,"?the small farmer class. He proposed to limit Jie size of estatei and let out the surplus land to small holders?and such a policy, if faithfully carried out, would have saved the empire. But the organised wealth ol Rome rose up against him, and Tiberius Gracchus, though he gained office, was slain by a mob in the streets of the capital before he was thirty years old. His brother, who attempted somewhat less nobly to carry out his high purpose, was killed, too, before his work could be finished; and the Roman senate sought to end their Ideas by forbidding men to speak ol the dead Gracchi. Francisco Madero of Mexico, was also a scion of a noble house, the lord of great estates, but like the ancient brothers Gracchus of Rome, he saw his country dying of the same cancerous growth that ruined that empire; he saw Mexico, too, becoming a land "where wealth accumulates and men decay." He, too, proposed to break up the great estates aflff help the poor peasants become Independent homeowners, and though he may have lacked the statesmanship to carry out his vast plans, it was because he had aroused the nation to the evil, that the wealth of Mexico hated him and thlrated like a tiger for hla blood. Because he did not act quickly enough, they told the poor, ignorant people whom he yearned to help, that he had betrayed them; and in a so-called revolution, which was not unlikely a deliberate plot against his policy, Francisco Madero was shot down like a dog by cowardly agents of the men his mercy had unwisely spared.?Clarence Poe in Progressive Farmer. TICK ERADICATION WORK. Farmers Should 8ee That it Qo*s on Without Interruption. Washington, March 16.?Increased activity in the work of eradicating the cattle tick may be expected to follow the revision of the quarantine regulations Just announced by the United State department of agriculture. Thli Is the opinion expressed today by President Flnley of the Southern. Railway company, who said: "The provision that cattle may be shipped from the quarantined area under the certificate of an inspector of the bureau of animal Industry that they have been dipped twice within an Interval of from five to ten days, In an arsenical solution or otherwise treated in a manner satisfactory to the secretary of agriculture and under the supervision of an inspector and that they are free from infection, will greatly encourage farmers to get the ticks out of their herds. It will enable the individual farmer to benefit from his work before the locality in which he lives Is entirely released from quarantine. The revised regulations Indicate a desire of the department of agriculture to remove restrictions on the movement of cattle from the quarantined area so far a* it may safely be done. "Simultaneously with the assurance of the more liberal regulations, the department has revised the quarantine line, releasing large areas in the regions where systematic work against the tick has been carried on, and making the total area released since 1905 more than 187,000 square miles. Work against the tick is especially active in Mississippi, where at the close of the year 1912 there were 2,181 dipping vats in operation. In one county in that state there were 185 vats. Similar activity throughout the entire quarantined area would make the complete destruction of the tick only the matter of a very few years." The President's 8slary-?'The question as to the salary which is received by a president of the United States la one of which there Is always talk every four years, and along with this is the question of the amount of salary which has been received by various presidents since the formation of the United States. The Norfolk Virginian Pilot has lately received a letter making inquiry as to the figures of the salary, and it has taken the opportunity to do some historical researching. What it says is this: "General Washington upon his election to the presidency, notified his fellow citizens that he desired no salary. But the constitution having declared that the president should receive compensation for his services, the first congress promptly took up that compensation. The limits then suggested ranged from $15,000 to $70,000 and the salary was finally placed at $25,000. This was the amount received by George Washington, and it remained the compensation until President Grant's second term (March, 1873), when It was increased to $50,000. In 1907 congress passed an act approving $25,000 for traveling expenses of the president of the United States, to be expended at his discretion and accounted for by his discretion solely. This was, of course. In addition to the regular salary of $50,000. At the second session of the sixtieth congress (1908-1909) the question of Increasing the president's salary was again considered, and it was decided that the compensation should be fixed at $75,000 a year. This was the amount drawn by President Taft, and It will also be the salary of President Wilson." BEWARE OF THE WOMAN SPY 1 ~ Tricks and Wileo of tha Female Ad* j venturess Who Uvaa by Scheming to 8taal 8tata Secrets. 8 "I have little doubt that you were . entrapped by a woman, who waa noth] ing but the agent of aome foreign pert aon engaged in this traffic, and that you were ingenloualy entrapped and i fell. Because I think that, I think I { may show some sort of leniency, but 1 it cannot be light, the crime is too . great" It waa in these impressive terms a that Mr. Justice Darling addressed . George Herbert Parrott, formerly a . gunner in the navy, who a week or two ago was found guilty of commu* . mealing navai aeereia iu a iwraigu t country, before sentencing him to four t years' penal servitude. There Is little . doubt that Parrott was fooled by a 3 woman spy, whom he accidentally met . at a music hall, and who paased on the , Information which she got from him to those by whom she waa employed. { It is a striking illustration of the . tricks and wiles of the female adven, turess who lives by scheming to steal . state secrets, a character which not a . few people consider exists only In the minds of Imaginative novelists, f . As a matter of fact, this is only one I of several Instances which have come 3 to light of late years, showing what a 3 prominent part women actually play ? in the secret service of the different . countries. There was a notable affair at Shoeburyness four years ago. A German governess took up her residence at Southend, three miles from Shoeburyness, and said that she was employed by several prominent fam? llles to give lessons In German to the children in their own homes. I This naturally took her out and . about a great deal Then came period , leal visits to Shoeburyness, where she I formed an acquaintance with a young . naval officer whom she told the people with whom she resided she was going to marry. As a matter of fact, this was ' quite untrue, but It helped her'to keep up an acquaintanceship which might, otherwise, hav# looked suspicious. It was the naval officer himself who . gave the game away. For a week or ; two he associated with the girl, but her lnqulsltlveness concerning the ' guns and naval matters generally, made him somewhat suspicious, and [ these suspicions were confirmed when she ultimately suggested that for cer. tain plans, there was a good sum of ' money awaiting him. The result was ; that he promptly Informed his superior ' officer, and the young woman was perj suaded that th? country was a somewhat unhealthy one for her to live in. In regard to naval spies, however, ! we are not better than our neighbors, ' and while foreign countries have hun| dreds of spies in this country endeavoring to ferret out war secrets, we have ours In their countries engaged in 1 the same work. The spies are supplied with all the [ money they want, but they can expect no assistance from their respective ' governments should they be caught; ' and they are fully alive to this condl{ tlon when they enter upon the secret service for their country. In military warfare women spies are ' very much in evidence. Indeed, their ' value is fully recognised by our lead| ing soldiers, and Lord Wolseley actu' ally states in his well known "Soldier's Pocket-Book," "the purlieus of Leicester Square could supply our 1 arms with spies. All should be petted and made a great deal of, ; being liberally paid and large rewards given them when they supply any really valuable information." During the South African war. women were 1 employed by this country to a very 1 large extent Disguised as nurses in ' the field hospitals, they exercised their arts of fascination over captured and wounded Boers, and thus secured much valuable information. 1 Short sharp and merciless was the treatment meted out to a young Rus1 slon woman belonging to one of the leaamgr rammu in 01. reicnuuri, 1 who, during the Russo-Japanese war, endeavored to worm naval secrete 1 from a young Japanese officer In Manchuria after he had fallen a victim to her fascinating ways. Forgetting all loyalty and patriotism 1 the young officer in his Infatuation agreed to furnish hsr with certain plans and facts concerning the guns 1 and the movements of the Japanese army and navy, which he had special facilities for acquiring; but his Intention was betrayed by a fellow officer who had obtalnd som Inkling of what was going on. The result was i that both the young officer and the woman mysteriously disappeared one day, and have never been seen or heard of since. Their fate can easily ! be surmised. Some time ago the trial took place at Toulon of a young woman named 1 Jeanne Rene, alias Bourg, who was ' accused of having induced certain na; val officers to reveal secrets to her regarding French submarines, which she intended to sell to a foreign pow' er. The young woman, for she was | only 21, was an opium slave, and It was while in an opium den In Toulon ' that flint nttemDted to bribe a na 1 va] mechanic named Julllen, employed 1 in the central workshop* of the fleet, to be her accomplice. Julllen, fortunately for himself, promptly reported | the matter to his superior, and the result was that the woman was arrest1 ed. ' Then there was the case of a young and beautiful woman named Peterson, who was arrested at Kiel, In Germany, }j on suspicion of being a French spy. ' Passing as a teacher of languages, she had entered Into a love affair with a noncommissioned officer named Dietrich, of the explosive department, lor | the purpose of Inducing him to reveal Important German naval secrets. She had, by the exercise of her arts of fascination. attained complete ascendency over the young feNow, who was 1 found to be supplying her with the formula for the manufacture of German smokeless powder and the situation of port mines. The attention of the authorities was first drawn to her by the ample funds she always seemed to have at her disposal. Then there was the case of the notorious French beauty known as La Belle Llson, who fascinated a young French officer, Lieutenant Ullmo, who, In order to obta'~ the means to gratis the extravagant whims of this woman, had sold some of his country's secrets to a foreign power. **- nn trial. and ne WU UUVU?C1CU, |<U1 vu the most Important witness against him was the young woman who had ruined him. In the end he was disgraced publicly, and sentenced to Imprisonment for life.?New York Telegraph. Red field's Available Tariff View*? William O. Redfleld, the new secretary of commerce In President Wilson's cabinet, delivered an address at Montclalr, N. J., last Sunday, on the tariff on Its human side, as part of a local church course on problems of the day. Mr. Redfleld said In part: "Believing, as I do, in a real, though moderate and balanced reduction of the tariff, I believe in It chiefly be cause It means the birth or a new moral and mental life to our Industries. The tariff has tended to destroy our belief In our power, to diminish our industrial self-respect. So I look, when the necessary readjustments are over, for the blood of a new life to be poured into the veins of American Industry. I look for the recognition by the master of true values in the men, for a larger faith in our own brains, for an increase of our courage, for an abolition of much that divides and for the coming of much that shall unite. "We must learn to appreciate that the man in the shop is the most valuable thing in it; that in order to be most productive the conditions which make for his best conservation must be produced and maintained. It will be no harm to the nation if abnormal profits are cut down. Public opinion will not tolerate maintaining them at the cost of those who toil. "The class of those who claim profits guaranteed by law separating from others by this privilege, may, Indeed, must disappear."