Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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. . / ISSUED SEMI-WEBKLT. l m. GRISTS sons, hMMm.} S #miI8 Sftmpm: 4<r th< promotion of fh< Jpotitiqat, ^oqial, &9ri<nltui;al and Comuuyiat Jnttriste of th< Joopl*. _ } | ESTABLISHED 1855. = YOKKVILLE. 8. C., TUESDAY, AUGU9T 20, 191-3. JsTO. 67. " \ TOM SMITH ( * A SHOR' By S. < The Rev. John Keppel was in despair. Fbr twelve months things had been going from bad to worse, and since his wife's last Illness -he had gone deeper ^ Into the mire. A curate who marries on the magnificent Income of $650 ayear is either a very gallant gentleman or a very stupid one; but Agnes Courcy, so Keppel thought, had been wearing out her life as a governess quite long enough, so he persuaded hef that a quick marriage was infinitely better than a long engagement. For a time all went well. Jack Keppel and his wife were perfectly happy ?perfectly devoted to one another? ** and until the children came there was no difficulty about meeting the weekly and quarterly bills. ' eon fn lUntr a fall walk In the country, and visited a battered old character who lived at a village some miles from Merton Somerford. It was late when he returned, ^ and he was very tired. But the evening walks continued, and Agrees thought they did him good. He usually came home in splendid spirits, and he looked harder and leaner, and there was a lightness in his step such as she had not noticed for years. He weni ^ among his poor as usual; he spent ^ recklessly money which Agnes thought should have gone to Mr. Wilson. But Jack cried: "Hang Mr. Wilson! Haven't I said he shall be paid within a month? Listen, ^Vgnes! I'm going away next week *V a few days. I've seen the vicar; I've tt>ld him 1 want leave of absence for urgent private reasons. He grumbled, but consented Now, don't ask me a single question Be content to know that I'm going tc try to get some money to pay all out debts?all of therp!" Two days later Jack Keppel hat vanished from Merton Somerford. Mrs. Keppel, busy with the twins went out very little during the following week; and was rather glad whei a friend called one evening to ask hei to go to an entertainment at the as sembly rooms?an ugly building uset for lectures, concerts, political meet ** ings and occasionally as a theatre. It was a wet, stormy night and th< hall was thronged. The entertainmen was of a kind that appealed to Mertoi Somerford?a little comedy, a shor concert, and finally the cinematograph Sir Joseph Molloy, a generous i pompous gentleman, had paid for hli portion of the entertainment, and ? great shout went up when a stout mai in dress clothes, announced that h< had a surprise in store. ^ "In a word, ladies and gentlemen,' cried he, "I am about to show you th. y most wonderful serfes of pictures tha ever you set eyes iipon. I believe am the first to exhibit them. Present 4* ly. ladies and gentleman, you shall se the great prize fight between Arizoni Joe, of America, and -Tom Smith, o England, for a purse $60,000?th< V I lng which would have been a virtue <0 had his pocket always been full Instead of nearly empty. He could not resist giving away money to his. poor ?money that he could not afford to give. But somehow things drifted on. There were plenty of poor in Merton Somerford, the little country town in ^ the south of England, where Jack chanced to be curate-in-charge of a mission church; and they adored Keppel. His appearance, as a parson, was against him. so far as the ladies were V concerned. A huge freckled-face giant, with red hair, Jack was not what one would call a drawing-room man, but his Jolly, Infectious laugh was always welcome. But on this morning the gloom had settled on his soul. He had worried more than any one knew, except perhaps his friend Dick Valentine, the local bank manager, who had pressed a loan upon him out of his own pocket when the twins had arrived. But at last the crisis had come. Keppel had ^ for the first time been threatened with a writ. He had been foolish enough - to go to a money lender that he might be able to pay the butcher and the baker, and the money lender had 4^ come down on him with the callousness of his kind; because he had failed in the monthly payment. Jack flung himself into a chair and sat brooding until the little maid-ofall-work entered with a ha-penny London paper. Wearily he glanced over It. There were the usual headlines? 1 ownlnna Vla th? kine's " IIC&VC^ I CT IV n , v/ vavuv - w visit to Aldershot, conference on the veto, the Northborough murder, airship trials, Ar'zona Joe's challenge not yet accepted, and so on. The twins were romping in the room ^ above, but Jack had not the heart to go up and join the scramble on the floor, and presently Mrs. Keppel entered. She greeted Jack with her usual cheerfulness, but he fancied that another blow was coming when she hesitated a little before asking him to J read a letter which had Just arrived from a tradesman who was himself in difficulties and who begged Keppel to settle his bill without delay. But at last she handed it to him. "What can we do, Jack?" ^ "Agnes." he said, "we must clear out of Merton Somerford. I must write to the bishop and tell him why. I can't stay here any longer, and yet it drives me mad to think that I must go away leaving debts behind me?debts which I may not be able to pay for a long time." "What shall I tell Wilson, dear?" she ^ asked. "He Is waiting." "Tell him he shall have his bill paid within a month." said Keppel, suddenly. She looked at him for an instant doubtingly; then went softly away. The door closed. ^ Keppel took up the paper againthen dashed it down and began to tramp the room, muttering thickly. "Yes." he said at last. 'Til do It! No one will know, not even Agnes, until it's all over. And then?well, then I don't care what happens." * That evening Keppel went for a long 3F ENGLAND rSTORY fALKEY. winner to receive 150,000, the loser to receive the remainder. "You will remember that Arizona Joe six months back beat the negTo, Black Sam, who had held the heavyweight championship of the world. Since then Arizona Joe has been challenging all comers, but until recently not a single man had the pluck to stand up to him. Then, ladles and gentlemen?then?Tom Smith of England, said he would take the Yankee on." A roar of applause sounded. "Tom Smith of England, was a dark horse," continued the stout man. "No one had heard of him. No one knew who he was. His photo was never published. But he proved his right to fight Arizona Joe. As you are aware, the battle took place near Monte Carlo. All the best sportsmen of Europe land America were present. Thousands of ladles were there, and that Is why I ask the ladies here tonight not to be alarmed, but to stay and watch Tom Smith and Arizona Joe fight their great fight for the championship of the world." A deafening roar from the audience, a buzz of excitement and then pictures began to appear. "Crowd making toward the ring!" announced the stout man in charge of the cinematograph. "Lifelike, isn't it, ladies and gentlemen? A vast gathering, you observe. And now the ring itself! Arizona Joe jumps the ropes! There he stands. An ugly customer!" Fascinated against her will, Agnes Keppel stared at the ungainly, brutallooking gladiator who stood grinning In the ring. "Arizona Joe!" cried the stout man. "Now comes our champion! Ladies and gentlemen, this is Tom Smith of England." A tempest of applause, and then a dead silence, except for the buzzing of the little dynamo. All eyes were upon the picture of the ring, and upon Tom Smith of England ?a towering, splendid giant?magnificently proportioned, and with a smile upon his face that did one's heart good. He was arrayed like Arizona Joe. in short drawers and white boots ?on his hands were light gloves, and In that fleeting glance at him, as he stood there, the champion of England, Agnes Keppel recognized her husband. "The fight!" cried the stout man. White to the lips, Agnes sat like a figure cut in stone, staring?staring. The men had fallen into position. Tom Smith led lightly with his left; Arizona Joe countered and tried a body blow, and in an instant the Englishman got his right home with terrific effect. Any other fighter but Arizona Joe would have gone down. The Yankee had held his man too cheaply; and the first round ended In favor of Smith. Agnes saw a second pass a sponge over her husband's face, while another flapped a towel. Presently he was facing the Yankee for the next round. Arizona Joe was more cautious? more than once he got in a dangerous I body blow, and then Tom Smith became wary, and a beautiful uppercut spoiled the Yankee's game and jarred him badly. The round was all in favor of the Englishman; but in the next Arizona Joe sent Tom Smith down heavily, and he was only up again in the nick of time. Men in the hall were bursting Into excited shouts and wild exclamations. Some one had cried; "Oh, Lord! It's our parson! Give him a cheer, boys. It's our parson!" The cinematograph went on with the pictures. Like two living gladiators, Tom Smith of England, and Arizona Joe fought round after round. Agnes began to think that it was all a dreadful dream?that this man?this Tom Smith was a double of her husband. And somehow, in a flash, a strange exultation seized her. All her heart went out to Tom Smith of England. She watched each round with breathless excitement, and when Tom went down a second time under the terrific blows of his antagonist, she felt herself praying that he would rise in time and not be counted out. She gave a little cry of Joy when she saw him again on his feet. "Last round, ladles and gentlemen." Arizona Joe was smiling in a ghastly way. Agnes Keppel hated him as he went in with confidence, to finish Tom Smith of England. There ' had been more than one hurricane round, but this beat the lot. The Yankee was serving the Englishman as he had served the negro when he wrested the championship of the world from Black Sam. Surely flesh and blood could not stand such punishment. And then? and then?came that magnificent uppercut of Tom Smith of England?so sudden, so terrific, that Arizona Joe, knocked out as cleanly as could De, lay like a dead man by the ropes, champion of the world no longer. A yell of triumph rang through the hall, and there was a cry. Mrs. Keppel had fallen forward in a swoon. A little later she found herself in Sir Joseph Molloy's carriage, and when it stopped by her door she-was sufficiently recovered to be able to enter unassisted. The gas was burning In the passage and the fragrance of excellent tobacco came from the snug study. Softly she pushed back the half-open door and entered. And there sat Tom Smith of England. Not her husband, as he had left her, but a cheery giant with a swollen face, and his head swathed in bandages. He rose from his chair and caught her in his arms. "Jack," she whispered. "Oh, Jack, how could you? Why did you do it?" Hie pointed to a draft for (50,000 that lay on the table. "That's why," said Jack Keppel. * * * t * "We must make the fellow a bishop," said his grace. "There's a man wanted for northwest Canada. Keppel shall go there. It won't do to keep him here in England. He'll be too popular with the sporting set. He might get spoiled. But out in a new country, among a rough-and-ready lot of men, he'll be in his proper sphere." And they did. Out there he is known not as Bishop Keppel, but as Tom Smith of England. AN EXAMPLE FOR THE SOUTH. ,How Sir Horac* Plunkatt Revolutionized Things in Ireland. Suppose we had in each county in the south two co-operative creameries, one or two farmers' co-operative banks and one or two co-operative societies for the sale of poultry and truck; such a development would correspond to what has beep accomplished in Ireland. Of course, all this, has not been brought about in a day. The movement started away back In 1889 when Mr. Horace Plunkett began to tell the Irish farmers that what they needed was less politics and more business? or at any rate, a good deal more business along with their politics. For a long time his voice was that of one crying in the wilderness. He held fifty meetings and pleaded with fifty different groups of farmers, asking each group to join in some co-operative bus-, iness organization, before a single enthusiastic response varied the long monotony of deaf-eared failure. But Mr. Plunkett was an Irishman terribly In earnest; and anybody who is terribly in earnest is likely to go a long way?especially if he is an Irishman. The Irish farmer, at that time, was the Joint prey of landlords and "gombeen men," the latter phrase being used to describe a class of credit merchants whose exorbitant time-prices kept the poor peasants in virtual slavery. What profit the landlord did not get in the shape of rent, the "gombeen-man" got when the money for the farmers' products came in. Or, to be exact, I should say that the credit merchant took the' farmer's goods at prices named by himself, and credited them on the farmer's account, and about all the poor soil-tiller knew was that he was getting deeper and deeper into debt all the time. It was our blood-sucking "credit system" of the south of a generation ago in an even more abominable form; and the "gombeen-men," furnishing not only supplies, but liquor as well, often took further advantage of the peasant after getting him full of drink. In a word, middlemen were absorbing all the profits of the Irish farmer. Nothing was done directly. There was a circuitous route from the farmer's produce to the city consumer, with tolls taken all along the way; and there was a circuitous route between the fertilizer-maker or implement-manufacturer and his farmer purchaser, with tolls taken along the way. Another thing that Sir Horace saw (I say Sir Horace because the king of England has since knighted Mr. Plunkett in recognition of his great services) was that if the farmers were to succeed, they must organize and cooperate. Only a considerable number of farmers working together could sell their products to advantage?a small farmer cannot profitably ship a dozen or iwo eggs or a. puuuu ui mu m uu iter or a basket or two of vegetables, whereas, It is very different If a hundred farmers together wish to ship their eggs, poultry, or truck?and they must work together along very business-like and scientific lines. He saw that the farmers were suffering not only because the middlemen's tolls were excessive, but also because their failure to unite prevented them from giving consumer^ uniform; high-quality products. He declared they must furnish "one good kind of butter?not many samples of bad and stale ones; a uniformly fresh egg?not a dozen stale ones of different shapes and sizes, with occasional fresh ones rubbing shells with their dingy neighbors;" and that they must furnish regular supplies at regular Intervals?not three long weeks of famine and then a week of surfeit. "Better Farming. Better Business, Better Living"?this was the threefold program which Sir Horace proposed for Ireland: more productive farming methods, better methods of buying and selling, and a richer rural life. And he kept everlastingly at it, in season and out of season. After fifty meetings he got one society started in 1899, 'and 1890 ended without another one being added to this lonesome first one. But in 1891 the number Jumped to seventeen; next year there were twenty-five; next year, thirty; next year, thirtythree; and then the day of small things was over. In 1895 the number of societies doubled; in 1896 the one hundred mark was passed; in 1898, the "two hundred mark; In 1899, the four hundred mark?and now there are more than eight hundred.?Clarence Poe, in the Progressive Farmer. BATTLE OF MARATHON. The Most Decisive Day in the History of the World. The single day in the world's history which was fraught with the most tremendous consequences to mankind was the day on which the battle of Marathon was fought. The handful of tiny states that inhabited Greece had de veloped faculties which indicated tnat man had advanced another stage toward the highest ideals. Foremost among those little nations was Athens, which state, too, contained the germs of human freedom. It was the forerunner of the democracies of the world. But the very existence of Athens and Greece was threatened by the huge barbaric empire of Persia. Darius had sent out his hordes of warriors to add the Grecian states to his vast dominions. Face to face his forces met the Athenians on the plains of Marathon. Hitherto Invincible in the field, the Persians looked upon the little army opposed to them with contempt. The Greeks themselves hesitated to hazard a battle with the conquerors of the world. Their generals debated the questii^i, and the decision to fight the Persians was caused by the eloquence of the immortal Mlltiades. He led his 10,000 Greeks against the Persian host and gained a decisive victory. The. glorious day of Marathon beat back the advancing tide of eastern despotism and barbarism and saved the freedom and civilization of the western world.?Pearson's Weekly. tt<r The Suez canal traffic has doubled in fifteen years. jjfttealtanrou? grading. MR. SMITH HANDS OFF. Lieutenant Governor Taking No Part Between Candidates. The following is from the Columbia State of last Saturday: To the Editor of the State: Several long days have passed since Henry S. James stated In the State that the supporters of "Bleaselsm" In Darlington county were openly promoting the Blease cause by declaring that Lieut Gov. Charlie Smith is a Blease supporter. Mr. James requested Mr. Smith to express himself. Hundreds of Mr. Smith's friends and supporters all over South Carolina hafe been anxiously waiting and believing that the accusation would be indignantly denied by wire. The great Baptist hosts of South Carolina, who have honored Charlie Smith by placing him at the head of the Baptist state convention, have refused to believe thjs report But so far at least, it seems that silence gives consent. I When political issues are ordinary and simply mean a difference of oplnj ion as to what may seem best for the state, to insist upon how a candidate or a man in public life may stand upon such issues, Is highly irrelevai t If not Impertinent. Not so, howeve , with the very unusual conditions an I issues which now confront us. Mr. Smith is a leading churchmaJ. He has given largely of his time an 1 of his means towards the advancement oil Christianity in South CarolinaNo one is in a better position than nr. Smith to know full well that the present governor of South Carolina is absolutely void of respect for God; that his life is a reproach upon modern civilization much less upon Christianity! that his'shameful regime is well known in practically every state in the Union; that while governor his conduct and speech, both as chief executive and as a citizen, have been such as to bring the blush of shame to every person who admires chaste language and gentlemanly conduct in preference to that of the swashbuckler; that 100 per cent of the lawless, godless, wide-open voters are for BleaBe because it is a natural law that like begets like. Where does Lieut Gov. Charlie Smith stand? To his church and to his friends his silence is becoming alarming. "A Friend." Columbia, Aug. 15. To the Editor of the State: Absence from town yesterday explains delay in answering the letter of Mr. James of Darlington. There is no foundation for such report as he says is in circulation. Any such statement is without my knowledge or approval. It has not been cosgldered seemly nor in good taste for candidates for state offices to declare publicly a choice among other contestants. I have nev-^ er concealed my views when-eaagh^f but in this do not consider them of state-wide interest. Whatever the result of the primary my relationship will be more or less intimate with the winner, n is nox my wisn nor rnxentlon to be drawn Into the bitterness of the present campaign. Chas. A. Smith. Timmonsville, Aug. 14. MANN AND FINLEY. Spirited Little Spat in the House Last Thursday. From the Associated Press. Washington, Aug. 15.?A near-riot was pre'clpitated In the house tonight when Chairman Henry, of the rules committee, brought In a special rule to expedite the conference on the postofflee appropriation bill. Minority Leader Mann instantly charged that the rule would have the effect of preventing a vote on the senate amendment creating a parcels post and that It was no more than a gag to prevent a test of the real attitude of the house toward the legislation. "I tell you," he thundered, "that If this resolution goes through, parcels J post goes up in smoke," Mr. Mann charged that consideration of the senate amendment In the open was feared and, therefore, the conferees wanted special privileges so that they might strangle the proposition In the dark. Chairman Moon, of the postofTlce committee, declared the amendment was iniquitous, and was framed "in the interests of the mall order houses, the express companies and the railroads." The resolution eventually was adopted. During the colloquy, which at times was bitter In the extreme. Representative Finley, of South Carolina, Interrupted Mr. Mann and insinuated that the latter was not stating the facts. "I am sober enough to know what I am talking about," snapped the minority leader. "Well, you don't act like it," shouted the South Carolinian. The matter was smoothed over. The feeling broke out a moment later when Chairman Moon insinuated that Mr. Mann "was laboring under undue excitement." Mr. Mann refused to yield. Mr. Moon renewed his request to be heard and the minority leader, wheeling about, snapped out: "I will yield to the gentleman if he can be civil." When the vote was announced Mr. Mann sought to introduce a resolution Instructing the conferees?Representatives Moon, Finley and Weeks?but the speaker ruled it out of order. The minority leader said he had gathered one small bit of satisfaction out of the affair by "showing up" the rules autocracy under which the house was operated. Mr. Fitzgerald interrupted to say they were the same rules that governed the previous congress. "Yes," retorted Mr. Mann, "and they are the same rules you went to the country on and carried an election by attacking." "Out of order," said Speaker Clark, amid laughter, "the election of 1910 is past and gone." Fourteen Democrats voted with the Republicans against adopting the rule. How to Cure Pea Hay.?Cut peas for hay when the pods are fairly mature, but before they are ripe enough to cause the falling of the leaves. A North Carolina farmer, writing in another paper, said that he had made a lot of moldy hay from following my directions, and now he lets the hay lie out on the ground for several days before raking it, as he has abandoned the foolishness of the professors. It is hard to get man to understand written directions about anything, and there is nothing in my experience harder to get .people to understand than the curing of cowpea hay. If the method I have advised was merely theory, there might be some reason for men to call it foolishness, hut I have made the hay for more years than I remember, and never made any moldy hay, never used a stake or a scaffold, or any contrivance except what is used In curing hay of any sort. In fact, as I have often said, there Is no hay more easily cured than cowpea hay, If you will simply let It cure and do not "monkey" with all sorts of contrivance* to spoil It Starting with the crop in the proper state of maturity I cut In the mornings only, and put a tedder right after the mower to toss the hay and hasten the wilting. Rake It Into windrows that afternoon, and the next morning turn the windrows with a rake, and that afternoon put in cocks as narrow as will stand well, and as soon as you can take a bunch and twist it In your hands and can see no sap run to the twist, put It In the barn while still limp, and then let It alone, and It will cure all right If It starts to heat and you stir It to cool It you will let in the germs of mold and will have moldy hay. Now, I have done this year after year and have had well-cured, sweet hay, with the leaves green In color after curing.?W. F. Massey, in the Progressive Farmer. SILO FOR LESS THAN $25. It is a Simple Thing if One Will Only Use the Means. I have wanted a silo ever since I had owned a farm and stock (which has been about six or seven years) but had not thought I could afford one till I learned of a cheap kind which I'm going to tell you about. I had seen silage fed at the A. & M. college at Raleigh, and knew It to be a good feed. But no farmer can fully appreciate It till he has a silo and feeds silage to his own stock. You folks of the Progressive Farmer would not let us alone about it, so I decided last summer to investigate the matter and find out if a good silo could be built cheaply. I went to see a farmer In an adjoining county whom I knew had two silos and got him to tell me all about the material, cost, etc. The next stop was to go to a sawmill and have sawed 85 pieces of 2x4, 16 feet long, and two pieces 4x6, 16 feet long. This lumber was to be pine and not planed at all, as the small slivers on the edge make the pieces fit into one another more snugly. I then bought sixteen Iron rods, each one sixteen feet long and one-half inch thick, and had threads cut on these at both ends and provided with nuts to fit. The lumber mentioned above, with the rods and a few nails, are all the material needed to build a silo sixteen i^pat-high and eight feet in diameter. While the mill man was getting the lumber ready I dug a hole in the ground about four feet deep and eight feet across. I made a border of cement and l^rge flat stones all around this hole This is to have a firm foundation for the silo to rest upon. The hole Increases the capacity of the silo without adding much to the cost. When the cement had hardened and I had hauled my lumber (which latter I did at two loads) I grot this farmer mentioned above and a neighbor to help me to erect my silo. We three put It up in one day. The cost of this silo was less than $25. The lumber was about $11, the rods $6, the workmen's wages $3. Corn, peavine and cane were put Into the silo and it was left open at the top and covered only with a load of chaff. The silage kept fine, but I consider the corn silage better than that made of peas or cane. I began feeding silage in November and it was the principal feed of about twelve head of cattle, the entire winter. The horse, too, had an occasional feed, as did the chickens and hogs. I am planning to have this silo full this year and maybe build another. This, I am sure, is the poor man's silo and will help him to get able to put up better ones later on.?Geo. B. Glenn, in the Progressive Farmer. THE IRON PILLAR OF DELHI. Made of Welded Metal Wrought 1,500 Years Ago. The famous "Iron Pillar" of Delhi, which stands in the Inner courtyard of the "Qulb" mosque, about nine miles south of the modern city, has always excited the interest of metallurgists and engineers as well as historians. It was probably made about 413 A. D., and moved to its present site in 1052. As it is between twenty-three and twenty-four feet high, sixteen inches in diameter at the base, and twelve at the top, and probably weighs over six tons, its manufacture at so early a period as the fifth century partakes somewhat of the marvellous. And it was rendered even more of a manufacturing wonder when the discovery was made some years ago that It was a solid piece of welded wrought iron. The curious yellowish tinge of the upper part had led to the belief that It consisted of brass or bronze. The welding tog-ether of such a mass of metal In those primitive days, centuries before the era of modern forges and drop hammers, must have been a mighty troublesome tob for King Candra's Iron workers. Some years ago Sir Alexander Cunningham had a rough analysis of the metal in the pillar made, which finally proved it to be wrought iron. Sir Robert Hadfleld, a past presld^ of the British Iron and Steel Institute, recently obtained new samples of the column and subjected them to a careful and very thorough analysis?"the first through analysis," he believes. The result was as follows: "Carbon, 0.08; silicon 0.046; sulphur, 0.006; phosphorus, 4.114; iron, 99.72: total, 99.966." Plainly a really excellent type of wrought iron, says Sir Robert, and much to be wondered at when the date of its manufacture Is borne in mind. The small quantity of sulphur indicates the use of an unusually pure fuel, probably charcoal. The absence of manganese, an element usually present in wrought iron Is also of interest. The specific gravity of the metal was found to be 7.81.?New York Evening Post. Itar Nothing is really sacred until all things are. THE AGE OF PAPER. Moat Usaful Commodity in Evary Day Lifa. Thia is the age of paper. There is scarcely a condition in civilized life which is not now affected in some way by the use of paper. We may wear paper clothes, sleep under paper blankets eat and drink from paper utensils and perhaps, in the not far distant future travel in vehicle? made almost entirely of paper, since It has already been demonstrated that paper can be made strong enough for car wheels, and it is now being used for the Inside paneling of cars and other vehicles. While paper making is not a new art and paper is produced in many countries, there are few if any, places in which it is put IU DV IlUUljr CU1U OUCU VU1CU UOCO CU3 111 the United States, where Its manufacture has assumed such tremendous proportion that It now represents annually fully $200,000,000 In value with a rate of Increase equalled by few other Industries. The art of paper making In Europe dates back to the 12th century, when the Moors were credited with making It In Spain In 1154. It traveled to Italy, Germany and France a little later and was made in England in the 15th century. The first paper mill In this country was established near Philadelphia In 1690 and within the next century there wpre over forty paper mills In Pennsylvania and Delaware and several In New England. American paper always has had good standing for Its quality as well as the number of Its varieties. Many processes In paper manufacture originating in America have been adopted in Europe, one of the most important being the sulphite process of making paper from wood pulp, which was discovered In 1867 by a Philadelphia chemist named Tllgman. The three principal materials utilized in paper manufacture are rags, straw and wood. The earlier paper in Europe was made of rags, although rice straw was used in China and Japan. Rags are still most In demand for the beet quality of writing paper, but the Increase in the paper demand years ago, far exceeded the supply of rags, so some other material had to be substituted. The idea of utilizing wood pulp came first to some Italian paper makers who patented It In 1826, but their method was not practical. It was Improved upon by manufacturers In Germany and England, but wood pulp paper did not become a commercial possibility until after the sulphite process was discovered. Not all classes of woods are suitable for paper manufacture under the present nroeeBg The cone-bearing: trees. such as pine, spruce and fir, produce the best results. Experiments now are being made by the bureau of plant Industry and the forestry commission looking towards the production of good paper from such products as cornstalks, broom corn, sorghum stalk and cotton hull wasta The increasing uses to which paper is being put call for the utilization of every possible waste product In Its manufacture and m'ethods are being sought to reduce the cost of utilizing such materials. The use of paper blankets and bed quilts sounds Incredible to those who have not actually tested their valua but they are in growing demand. Last year a prominent secret service offloer who is in the habit of spending several weeks annually in a hunting camp, met a friend engaged in the paper manufacturing business. The officer happened to mention that he was less comfortable in camp than usual because he was short of blankets and the weather was colder. His friend suggested paper blankets. The officer at first scouted the idea disdainfully. The paper dealer persisted and sent a pair of paper blankets into the camp. The night following was even more chilly than before so the paper coverings were spread out over the bed with many Jests by his fellow campers. To his surprise, that night the officer slept as warmly as if under the down quilt on his bed at home. "I never could have believed it," he told his friend a few days later. "There's more comfort in those paper blankets than in the heaviest kind of army blankets which would weigh twenty times as much." A mother who had been in the habit of taking two children to a mountain resort in the summer always had complained of the cool nights and the insufficiency of bedding which is frequent in such places. This summer she put a pair of paper blankets In her trunk and like the secret service officer, she will never again go away without them. The use of paper In the manufacture of clothing is far more general than most people realize. Nearly twenty years ago there was a paper material known as fiber chamois introduced to the dress-makers when a certain stiffness was desired. It was this material more than any other which helped to I mould the good proportions of the celebrated balloon sleeve of that period. It was also used to stiffen the bottom of the skirt at a time when Dame Fashion prohibited it clinging around the feet as Is now the style. The durability of this fabric, as well as its warmth and flexibility, impressed every one who used it and Improved forms of it have been used to some extent by tailors and clothing manufacturers ever since. It Is used extensively as an interlining In automobile coats, in vests and other garments in which there is no great strain and Its warmth and lightweight make It Invaluable. As a stiffening It Is often superior to either canvass or haircloth. Paper undervests are now supplied for use when extra warmth Is required. These garments are light In weight, easily discarded and cheap. They may) be worn a few days and cast aside thus saving a heavy laundry which at times may be a great advantage. Paper slippers are manufactured for indoor wear which seem to possess the acme degree of comfort and their low cost overcomes what they lack in durability. Many hotels supply their guests with paper slippers to wear In their rooms. Paper towels now are well known. They are used In the public wash rooms of hotels as well as in hospitals, office buildings and thousands of private homes. They come in different sizes and weights, but all possess excellent absorbent qualities. For travelers they are invaluable. Packages are put up which contain an assortment of paper towels and wash cloths and also an nntiseptlc comb of stiff paper which may be thrown away after being used. Many dainty women really prefer one of these compact traveling packages which may be bought for ten cents to being troubled by carrying their own toilet supplies In their bags. Their sanitary value is unquestioned. So far as Is known no paper sheets and pillow cases are yet upon the market, but there is no reason why they should not be and there is some talk of having these articles provided for use In sleeping cars as it is believed that they would possess sanitary advantages even over the freshly laundered linen. It Is estimated that they could be pro-: duced at about the same cost of laundry work. Paper tablecloths and napkins are well known and have t^en in common use for years. They come in the daintiest designs Imaginable as well as In numerous grades and qualities. Even the highest prices are usually considerably cheaper than the usual laundry prices of linen. It is now possible also to get the greatest variety of paper dollies, including lace effects in the finest kind of Irish and cluny patterns anri thuaA Alan am ohnan anmiffh In ha within reach of any one who care* for them.?Frederick J. Haskln, In Atlanta Journal. A FAMOUS FENCER. Matter at Arm* Jean Louia Waa a Wizard With th* Sword, To ^ive an Idea of what a brave man can do If he knows fencing thoroughly and but keeps cool and collected in danger we will relate a historical duel. 80 extraordlnory is this combat that It would be held a romance had It not been witnessed by a whole army. The hero Is Jean Louis, one of the great masters of the sword of the beginning of last century, and the duel happened in Madrid in 1813. He was the master at arm* of the Thirty-second regiment of French Infantry. The First regiment, composed entirely of Italians, formed part of the same brigade. Regimental esprit de corps and rivalries of nationality caused constant quarrels, when swords were often whipped out or bullets exchanged. After a small battle between the two factions of the brigade had occurred In the streets of Madrid, In which over 200 French and Italian aoldiers had taken part, the officers of the two regiments, in a council of war assembled, decided to give such breaches of order a great blow and to re-establish discipline. They declared that the masters at arms of the two regiments Involved should take up the quarrel and fight It out. Imagine a whole army in battle array on one of the large plains that surround Madrid. In the center a large ring is left open for the contestants. This spot is raised above the plain so that not one of the spectators of this tragic scene?gayly dressed officers, soldiers In line. Spaniards, excited as never a bullfight excited them?will miss one phase of the contest It Is before 10,000 mA that the honor of an army is about to be avenged In the blood of thirty brave men. TVio rtrnrm '.a haamt Two men. na ked to the waist, step In the ring. The first Is tall and strong. H4s black eyes roll disdainfully upon the gaping crowd He is Glacomo Ferrari, the celebrated Italian. The second, tall, also handsome and with muscles like steel, stands modestly awaiting the word of command. His name la Jean Louis. The seconds take their places on either side of their principals. A deathlike silence ensues. "On guard!" The two masters cross sworda Glacomo Ferrari lunges repeatedly at Jean Louis, but in vain. His every thrust is met by a parry. He makes up his mind to bide his chance and caresses and teases his opponent's blade. Jean Louis, calm and watchful, lends himself to the play, when, quicker than lightning, the Italian Jumps aside with a loud yell and makes a terrible lunge at Jean Louis, a Florentine trick often successful. But with extraordinary rapidity Jean Louis has parried and risposts quickly In the shoulder. "It Is nothing," cries Glacomo. "a mere scratch." And they again fall on guard. This time the sword of Jean Louis, who is now attacking, penetrates deeply. Giacomo's face becomes livid, his sword drops from his hand, and he falls heavily on the turf. He is dead. Jean Louis is already in position. He wipes his reeking blade; then, with the point of his sword on the ground, he calmly awaits the next man. The best fencer of the First regiment has Just been carried away a corpse, but the day is not yet over. Fourteen adversaries are there, Impatient to measure swords with the conquerer, burning to avenge the master they had deemed invincible. Jean Louis hardly has two minutes' rest. He is ready. A new adversary stands before him. A sinister click of swords Is heard, a lunge, a parry, a rlspost and then a cry, a sigh, and all is over. A second body is before Jean Louis. A third adversary advances. They) want Jean Louis to rest. "I am not[ tired," he answers, with a smile. ?- - ?? mL, Ti?IU M 4a xne signal is given, iuc iiaiiau m as tall as the one who lies there a corpse covered by a military cloak. He[ has closely watched Jean Louis' play and thinks he has guessed the secret of his victories. He multiplies his feints and tricks; then, all at once, bounding like a tiger on his prey, he gives his opponent a terrible thrust In the lower line. But Jean Louis' sword has parried and Is now deep within his opponent's breast. What need we to relate any more? Ten new adversaries followed him. and the ten fell before Jean Louis amid the excited yells and roars of an army. At the request of the Thirty-second regiment's colonel, who thought the lesson sufficient, Jean Louis after much pressing consented to stop the combat, and he shook hands with the two survivors, applauded by 10,000 men. From that day fights ceased between French and Italian soldiers. This wonderful and gigantic combat might be held a fable were not all the facts above stated still found in the archives of the ministry of war.?Llppincott'8. "And yet they say there's no such thing as luck." "What's happened now?" "My dentist Just called up and cancelled an appointment I had with him."?Detroit Free Press. I*?r "He pretends to be a very busy man." "By jinks, there's no pretence about it He supports a wife and seven children on a salary of 160 a month."?Chicago Record-Herald. 'Have they been married very long?" "I guess so. He never talks back to her and she appears to be satisfied if he gets home after midnight"?Detroit Free Press. PIRATE'S GOLD. 8tory of a Rioh Find Naar Oak Island, Nova 8?otia. A true story of hidden treasure, mysterious enough to have precisely the proper flavor, is told by RaJph D. Paine in "The Book of Buried Treasure." Oak Island, Nova Scotia, has a sheltered haven called Mah one Bay, snugly hidden from the Atlantic. Near the head of the bay is a small cove, which was visited in the year 1795 by three young men named Smith, MacOinnle and Vaughan, who drew their canoes ashore and explored the noble groves of oaks. They came to a little clearing in the center of which stood a huge oak gashed with markings of an ax. A stout lower branch had been sawn off at somo distance from the trunk, and to this natural derrick-arm had been attached a heavy block and tackle, as shown by the furrowed scar in the bark. Directly beneath this was a circular depression of the turf, a dozen feet in diameter. The young men determined what was buried there, and shortly returned to that they were excavating in a clearly defined shaft, the walls of which showed the marks of pick and shovel. Ten feet below the surface they came to a The men determined to find what was ripped out with much difficulty. At twenty feet another layer of planking was uncovered, and digging ten feet deeper, a third horizontal bulkhead was laid bare. The three men had done all they could without a larger force, hoisting machinery and other equipment, and were forced to abandon their task when the natives of Mahone Bay refused to aid the enterprise. Half a .dozen years later a company was organised to continue the work. A gang of laborers was mustered, and the dirt began to fly. As before^ some kind of covering was disclosed every ten feet When a depth of ninety-eight feet had been reached, the shaft until then clear of water, suddenly filled to within twenty-five feet of the top. Persistent efforts were made to bail out the flood, but with such poor success that the attempt was abandoned. Not until 1849 was another effort made to fathom the mystery of Oak Island. Another treasure-seeking company cleared the shaft to a depth of eighty-six feet, but an inrush of water stopped the undertaking It was de- * elded to use a boring apparatus such as was employed in prospecting for coal. At ninety-eight feet the large auger struck a platform of spruce, five Inches thick; it then dropped twelve Inches, and went through four Inches of oak; then through twenty-two inches of metal in pieces, but the auger failed to bring any of it to the top except three links resembling an ancient watchchain. It then went through eight inches of oak, thought to be the bottom of the first box and the top of the next; then through twentjulwo Inches of metal the same as before; then four inches of oak and six inches of spruce and Into clay seven feet without striking anything. The water that filled the shaft was found to be salt, and affected by the tides. Search was made for a tunnel, and a series of well constructed drains connecting the cove with the money-pit was discovered. These had evidently been driven by the pirates with the idea of flooding out intruders. One attempt after another to block these tunnels failed, and the treasure-seekers spent their funds, and had to quit empty-handed. More than forty years passed, and in 1896 the cove was once more astir with boats and the shore populous with toilers. This time the treasure was sought by up-to-date engineering methods, but again the company's money was exhausted before the secret of the money-pit was revealed. ' Boring was pushed to a depth of one hundred and fifty-three feet, where a bed of cement and more soft metal was struck. In all seven chests, or whatever they may be, were encountered, and curious samples of wood, iron and parchment were fished up, but the "soft metal." presumed to be gold, refused to cling to the auger. Quite recently a new company was formed to grapple with the secret of Oak Island. The unbeliever has only to go to the town of Chester, to find the deeply pitted area of the treasure-hunt, and very probably engines and workmen busy at the fine old game of digging for pirate's gold.?Youth's Companion. THEIR PERIL0U8 TRIP. Tories 8uffer?d Hardships In 8e#king New Home After the revolution was over and the British had evacuated New York the victorious patriots made life a burden to the Toriea Even the children taunted and stoned them when they ventured on the streets. So a lot of them held a meeting and decided to seek some colony of the king's where they could live In peace. With this purpose in view, they bought a ship, put ail their household goods on board and sailed away, 320 souls In ail. The captain's experience In navigation had been confined to coastwise trips as mate of a fishing schooner, and he lost his reckoning In a thick fog which they ran into a fortnight from New York. The fog lifted before a roaring gale which drove the vessel before It straight Into unknown latitudes. The weather grew colder and colder, and the sea was dotted with floes. Snow and sleet fell from the sunless sky, and the ship soon became sheathed In ice. Many died of the extreme cold and exposure and were buried in the sea. When the storm ceased there was no sign of land anywhere, nothing but the lonely ocean and the floating cakes of Ice that bumped and battered the vessel on all sides with a noise like thunder. The half-frozen voyagers beg<ed the captain to turn and head south as soon as possible, anywhere away from the terrible cold, so the ship retreated her course. Gradually .the air grew warm, the Ice melted from Hooka and rlflnrlnsr. and birds and flv Ing fish appeared In great numbers. At last they sighted a beautiful lsland with brown and white roofs clustered here and there among the tall palms and purple, hills In the background. It was hailed with extravagant Joy, for water was low, the food running short and their clothing In rags. As the storm-beaten ship approached a crowd of people In white, red and yellow garments gathered on the beach, but made such unmistakably hostile demonstrations they dared not land, as their only weapons were half a dozen muskets. So they turned the vessel once more, and sorrowfully steered due north again, finally reaching St. Johns, where they received a cordial welcome, and where their * descendants are still living.