Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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L M GRISTS SONS, Publishers.} 3 ^milS $Mrs*ap?t: J>r the promotion of (lie political, .Social, Agricultural and (fomntcrcia! interests of the people. j T,""';"0"E~ ,tvJ""J"CE"""ce' ' ESriuMSHEl) 1855. " YORKV1LLE, S. C. TUESDAY. NOVEMBER S, 1910. NO. 89. ?*+ A **+A ?*+A ?K*+A *. :?+A *&+ I LEN LAMER1 f S I BY HORACE I +*y? +#* T*<5?Jl +** ?* Y*<5 Where the laurel studded declivities that drop down from the summit of the Great Smokies bench out for a last dip toward the banks of the Little Tennessee, and in a narrow and shut in cove, stood twenty years ago a squalid cabin, daubed with unmixea clay and roofed with boards into which not a metal nail had been driven. Except to the initiated it would have been difficult to think of this as a human habitation, and yet it was not unlike scores, not to say hundreds, of other tenements set in the glens and against the mountain scarps of this wild and almost inaccessible region. Of accessories it had none except a puny shed against the cabin's back wall, a few acres of rocky croft and the boundless freedom and solitude of the embracing mountains and sky. This was the home of Len Lambert, mountain clansman, moonshiner, and general suspect. ? The blue roof of the mountain sky more frequently sheltered the head oi Lambert than did the smoky roof of his cabin, but his mother, a mummied crone of seventy, and Tennv, his only child, clung day in and day out, to the f inhospitable hovel, cultivated the stony acres of croft, prepared their scant meals, and kept a home and a welcome such as they could for the son and father on his uncertain returns. It was the autumn of the year, and not far from the hour of sunset, and Tenny Lambert, the mountaineer's daughter, sat at the single door of the * 1 tha iambi cabin wun ner uaciv a?a?ioi v..^ and her bare feet drawn up under her homespun gown. A casual observer would have set her age down at fifteen, possibly more, but it was, in fact, much less. Both her hands and her feet were large, the former having been helped in their growth by hard work from childhood, and the latter having seldom known the embarrassment of shoes. Her face was round and comely. but not wholly free from disparaging freckles lurking below the lid? of her earnest gray eyes, and at the roots of her honey colored hair. She was an almost perfect type of that Alsatian stock from which the Appalachian mountaineers are believed to have been derived, they having followed, according to tradition, the northward reaching of those Carolina streams about whose estuaries their Gallic forebearers settled generations ago. In the mountain valleys and coves that lie between the axis of the Blue Ridge and that of the Cumberlands they found a habitat from which neither the cross Mowing tides of immigration nor the changes of time have dislodged them. So she sat, this untaught, neglected and meanly clad mountain girl, embodying in her half developed soul, which looked through her wide nature lit eyes, the hopes, the passions and, to a degree, the nobleness of a far off ancestry. The question as to whose ~ ""Kforo w'L* nrp is sons tt.nu uau^uivtc ?v v ? and more significant than all other philosophies. From their mountain hinterlands, infested with ignorance, prejudice and often with lawlessness, have come with surprising frequency intellects and spirits that have made these hinds and their children the 4 id die of civilization. The deeply sunken sun cast the shadow of Clingman's Dome for across the eastward lying scarps and valleys. The afterglow fell soft and wide along the opposing slopes, and the echo breeding witchery which immediately forewalks the night was fast claiming the whole face of visible nature. Sundry muffled sounds were heard in the cabin where Granny Lambert was about the evening meal. A column of blue smoke rolled up the low clay chimney and drifted lazily through the upper void. Soon a star appeared in the path of the long departed sun, and then another, and quickly the sky was full of eyes, and then the world was peopled with moving shadows. "Tenny Lambert," called the grandmother from within the cabin, "what do you 'uns be a doin' settin' thar, like a ninny a look in* at nothin'?" "(> granny," answered the girl, "1 ain't a lookin' at nothin'; I'm a lookin' at somethin', an' a hearin" somethin', too. There's somethin' in me a alkin' all the time, an' them red patches 011 the sky, an' the shadders I see a walkin' through the cove?they're all a talkin' back at me. Sometimes 1 feel jist like I'd go wild ef 1 don't listen to 'em." "Well, keep 011 a listenin'," returned the grandmother, " 'taint 110 harm 1 reckon, an' hit don't cost nothin*, I'm shore." And Tenny continued to listen; but before she was aware of it one of the myriad shadows that teemed in and out of the deepening gloom became tangible, and suddenly stood in human shape at her elbow. "Howdy. Tenny, what be you 'uns a thinkin' about?" asked the materialized shadow. The girl looked up and recognized in her questioner Prince Bard well, a young mountaineer from the other side of the valley. Seen in the starlight. Prince was an athletic looking youth of eighteen, with a frank face and voice, and a noticeable poll of fine hair. In him also it was easy to discover signs of attempted reversion to an "arlier and Holder type: hut the struggle had clearly been a precarious one; it had been against ignorance and lawlessness under the influence of which he had been bred. A strong ethical sense was rising up in him, and was destined to dominate at last, hut ere it came to lie his conscious self it was to pass through hitter ordeals and walk the sorrowful way. ?>ne circumstance was helping mightily toward the dominance of this higher self. It was the always potent mastery of love. In secret he had nursed his rustic passion until now it was waxed strong, and was become more brawn and thew than himself and compelled him to go whithersoever it would. Its path was in the grooves of the noble instincts which he had A ??*M*A ?b>fA r->*A t?-'H*A ! C'S DAUGHTER I I < t M. DuBOSE. I I 4 A Y**A Y+*A Y+tfA Y+*A Y+*A Yi inherited from a distant racial head, To his salutation he hardly waited for Tenny Lambert to make reply, when he asked: "\v"here's Len?" "I don't know," rather carelessly returned the girl; "he haint been home for more'n a week." The youth was silent but a moment and then asked: "Don't you 'uns reckon Tonne that hp's down to old mail Persones's camp, the same as usual?" "I reckon that you 'uns mought possibly find him there, responded the girl diplomatically, for there was little friendship and courtesy wasted between the Lamberts and the Bardwells. Though two generations of them had grown up in the same valley Tenny Lambert had been taught to suspect every human being who bore the name of Bardwell, and Prince had inherited the antipathy of his house for the whole tribe of Lamberts of which there were many members scattered through the coves of the Smokies. But these are precisely the conditions out of which the little blind god delights to bring surprising miracles. The story of the Lamberts and the Bardwells was an old one in these mountains. In the time when the excise laws had been less stringently executed, they were moonshiners in a open and defiant way: but with the more vigilant execution of the no lir cense and excise laws, they ceased to make and market their goods openly, and became strikers and smuggling agents for small illicit distillers who plied their vocation in the most inaccessible fastnesses of the mountains. The two families had been alternately in the confidence of the revenue officers. Spying and countersyping had oiivu iiof-nrio after decade a feud which more than once issued in violence and bloodshed. It thus happened that a Lambert and a Bard well seldom met on easy terms, and Len Lambert's daughter had up to this time Kept the traditions of her house. Young Bardwell seeing her reticence and suspicion said: "Tenny, I've come to do you 'uns a turn." "What is it?" she asked almost as nonchalantly us before. "The revenues are on the way to the mountains." he observed in a genuinely serious tone. At the word "revenues" (by which the youth meant government revenue detectives) the girl exhibited a marked change of manner, and letting herself down to a standing position, she inquired with spirit: "Is the Bardwells gettin' ready to hide out?" "No, Tenny," he answered, "an' that's what makes me come to you 'uns. It's the Bardwells, all exceptin* me. that's leadin' the revenues up here. Thev 'low to clean out the whole Lambert clan, and then they'll have the moonshinin' all to theirselves." "An' what makes you 'uns want to tell we 'uns of this secret of the Bardwell clan?" asked Tenny still doubtful of the sincerity of her visitor. "Because. Tenny." answered the youth, "I've been six months down to Bryson to school, an' I've learnt that I don't want to be a moonshiner: but I do want to be somebody; an' then, if you'll believe me Tenny, I don't want to see Tenny's father in the hands of them revenues, 'an he's jest as sure to be nabbed before daylight tomorrow mornin* as I'm a standin' here, unless somebody warns him; an' Tenny, I mean to warn him myself, ef I can iest make sure he's at old Per sonses' Camp." The girl now started with something like fright, hut desiring a still further proof of the sincerity of a suitposed enemy who showed such unexpected interest in her and hers, she demanded: "Now, Prince Bardwell, on you 'tms's word and honor, you 'uns ain't a meanin' to trap the Lamberts so's to get a reward from the revenues?" The youth, at this challenge, drew near enough to make himself heard in the almost whispered tone which he assumed : "On my word an' honor. Tenny, I'm a doin' this for you 'uns?only for you 'uns. Tenny: I love you 'uns, Tenny? jest you 'uns?'till 1 can't stand it no longer." and with that he took the girl's big brown hand in his own and held it to emphasize his faith and passion. In that moment a new and wondrous light broke on the soul of Tenny Lambert. and she not only thought, in her wild imperfect way. the thoughts of the vaguely illuminated rustic before her. but she felt the impuls and passion of love?lirst love with all that love means to a nature to whom light and tenderness have hitherto been strangers. Could the sign under her honey red hair have been seen it would have shown a maidenly flush, but she was too much a child of nature to understand her own emotions. She could only say: "Prince. I believe what you 'uns say. an' if you 'uns will jest save the I^amberts front the revenues, I'll believe in you 'uns. Prince, es long es I live." "That's all the pay 1 want. Tenny," said the youth, and he pressed her nanu witn nmrc man wanmn. aim was about striding away when hi- turned <|tiiekly and said: 'Tenny. ef the revenues don't ge-t me. I'll he right here- on this spot by the tirst streak of day tomorrow mornin*." "An" yon 'tins will find me a waitin' for you 'uns. an' a sittin' jest wherf 1 am now. I'rinee." Tenny Lambert's eyes knew no sleej tliiit night. Ib-tween the natural solieitude which she felt for her fathel and the other members of the- Lamla-rt elan and the newly awakened lovt of her heart, sleep would have beer impossible. Hut having found hersell loved, and giving suddenly, as a woman does, her all in return, she found as suddenly the instine-t of a woman's eh-votioii. That night she- kept a vigil I but not at the threshold of her father's cabin. Half a mile further down the slope, and inclining toward the westward (lowing stream, were signs of a once much traveled trail, the path over which passed the pack horses and the rude carts of the pioneers, pressing front the eastward of the mountains into the far basin of the Cumberland. But it had been well nigh three-quarters of a century since that trail had echoed to the rumble of a wheel, and I rarely since had a horseman reined his , beast into the neglected way. With the opening of highways over more practicable routes and the coming of railroads, the tide of life that once beat its way over these wild un dulations fell away, and it is now only by dissevered bits of wheel worn shelf and an uncertain tradition that the story of the pioneer trail may be established at all. But it was well known to both the Lambert and the Bardwell clans that if a posse of revenue officers came into the region, they must of necessity follow this ancient trail. It was the one path into their mountains save those known only to themselves. Prince Bardwell had scarcely disappeared when Tenny Lambert, slipping into the cabin, covered her head with an old faded shawl and slipping out again, dashed away through the deepening darkness with the swiftness of a deer, nor did she halt in her flight until she had reached the old pioneer trail where it led from the river's level up through a narrow defile. Here she took her station deeply hidden in the laurel's cade. If the revenues' came miiai unss friini the vallev to the mountains through this pate. She prepared to set h ?r wits against those of the minions of the law. Until Prince Rardwell returned from his love prompted mission, the way of his retreat must he covered. If the self devotion of a mountain girl could accomplish that result, it would be accomplished. The night was moonless and chill. Above, the stars cast a clear gray light, but the thick trees made a darkness below that was nearly impenetrable. Slowly passed the long uneventful hours, until the girl from her practiced sense of reckoning time without watch or clock, knew it must be near the hour of midnight. Then she began to cheer herself with the thought that Prince Rardwell had by this time reached the camp and would likely soon be on his return. Rut there would be as great danger to him while returning along that lonely and s.ispected road as there would be at old Persons' Camp. Anybody apprehended in that quarter would be arrested on suspicion, and the suspicion would become proof in the end. So she resolved to remain at her post until daylight had removed the last vestige of danger to her lover. Had it been light enough when she first came upon the trail, she might have seen hoof prints in the pebbly clay made by the horses of four revenue officers who passed that way at the very moment Prince Rardwell was holding her hand at the door of her father's cabin. Rut it now began to be day, and the girl believing there was no cause for prolonging her vigil, and determined to keep her tryst with Prince, turned and fled as swiftly as before toward the cabin in the cove. Her Might led her for a considerable distance along the trail. Just as she was leaving it to strike across the scarp toward the cabin, she heard the sound of hoofs coming from the direction of the mountains. At the sound she stopped, and secreting herself in the shade of a convenient laurel, awaited the approach of the horsemen, for the hoof beats assured her that there was at least a small company on the march. She had not long to wait. Almost instantly four horsemen, riding single file, came into view. Even in the imperfect light the girl read them off as revenue detectives. They were going in a sharp canter and were evidently not fully at ease, fearing the possibility of an ambuscade. As the hindmost horseman passed abreast of her, Tenny Lambert saw a sight which filled her with horror and sudden grief. Behind his saddle, with hands pinioned, and feet securely strapped to the saddle leathers of his captor, was Prince Bard well. The whole truth flashed upon her at once. Prince had gone to old Persons' Camp, from which the occupants and hangers on had fled at the appearance of the officers, only to be nabbed by them himself and borne away to suffer imprisonment, the innocent for the guilty. Wildly she flung herself in the path, crying in the eloquence of despair: "Come back! Stop! Prince ain't no moonshiner! Come back! Come back!" hut the loud and mocking echoes of the mountain only answered: "Come back! Come back!" (To be Continued.) The Werewolves. John of Nuremberg relates how a man. lost at night in a strange country. directed his steps toward a fire that he saw before him. On reaching it he found a wolf sitting enjoying its warmth and was informed by him that he was really as human as himself, but that he was compelled for a certain number of years, like all his countrymen, to assume the shape of a wolf. A strange country, indeed, where wolves when the evenings grow chilly light a fire and in the comfort of its ruddy glow are found ready to entertain the passing traveller with their conversation! Qlnus Magnus, in the early part of (he sixteenth century, tens us a story <>f a nobleman and his retinue who lost their way in journeying through a wild forest, and presently found themselves hopelessly food less and shelterless. In the urgency of their need one of the servants disclosed to him in confidence that he had the , power of turning himself at will into a wolf, and doubted not but that, if his master would kindly excuse him i for a while, lie would he able to tind I the party some provision. Permission being given, the man disappeared into tlie forest under semblance of a wolf ; and very quickly returned with a lamb in h<; mouth, and then, having fulfilled his mission, resumed his human form. In Auvergno h liiSX a nobltman. in returning from the chase, was . stopped by a stranger, who told hint that lie had been furiously attacked by a savage wolf, but had been for tunate enough to save himself by . slashing off one of his forepaws. This . he produced its it trophy, when to the astonishment of both, it was found to have be. 01110 the delicyte hand of a iady. The nobleman felt so sure that , he recognized a ring upon it that he . hurried to the castle and there found his wife sitting with her arm tied up. and on removing the wrappers the ? hand was missing. She had to stand her trial as a loup-garou. and, being convicted, perished at the stake.? Hume's Lore and Legend. ittiscrllanrous i5ra<liu(|. j FLAG OF SOUTH CAROLINA. Origin of the Emblem and What It ^ Stands For. I The following address by Hon. R. T. c Joyner of Walhalla to the teachers and I patrons of the high school of his town \ recently is reproduced from the Keo- i wee Courier, becai ?e of its historic i value to hundreds of people who have < from time to time had occasion to in- t quire into this very subject, with but 1 little satisfaction as to the amount of s information they were able to gather: Teachers, Pupils and Patrons of the c Walhalla High School, Ladles ana i Gentlemen: 8 .1 esteem it both a privilege and an t honor to he present on this occasion of < such historic interest. This spot is I dear to me. On this site, from Sep- ( tember, 1879, to June, 1882, I spent c three of the happiest years of my life t as a student in Adger college. They t were years of hard work, and yet they J were happy, because I sought and loved t the life of a student. c It is a real pleasure to come hack here once more and take part in these delightful exercises. It was timely and ^ well that an act of the general assem- I bly of South Carolina was approved on " February 26th, 1910, providing "That t the state Hag should he displayed daily, * except in rainy weather, from a staff 8 upon the state house and every court ( house, one building of the state univer- t sit.v, and of each state college, and up- f on every public school building, ex- t cepl when the school is closed during t vacation." We have met today to car- e ry out this mandate and to raise aloft o over the building of the Walhalla High h school the Palmetto flag, or the flag of s the Palmetto state, an emblem of sov- " ereignty, with all that it signifies. ^ I thought on this occasion a brief history of our state flag and its significance would be appropriate. Hence I P have utilized the short time at my s command to put in written form, for e use and future reference, this sketch of our state flag. ^ Our flag, like our state, was one y among the first on the American soil. It was originally designed by Col. Wm. F Moultrie, a Revolutionary soldier. He 1 was born in South Carolina in 1731, i and died at Charleston, September 27, v 1805. In 1775 he was the representa- 8 tlve of St. Helena parish in the South Carolina Provincial congress, and later in the same year he was chosen as a n colonel of a South Carolina regiment. o For some time thereafter he was bus- t lly engaged in providing for the defense 8 of Charleston, and to this end he s placed a battery at Haddrell's Point, a and in March, 1776, began the erection t of a rude fort of palmetto logs on Sul- F livan's Island. This fort commanded n the entrance to the harbor, and on June s 2, 1776, was fiercely but unsuccessfully " attacked by a British fleet under com- t mand of Admiral Sir Peter Parker, r who was finally forced to withdraw. C Col. Moultrie had undertaken the de- n fense against the advice and wish of t his superior officer, Gen. Charles Lee. h For his success he received the thanks r of congress, and in his honor the fort C was named Fort Moultrie. In Septem- v l)er, 1776, he was made a brigadier ( genera! and was put in command of s the department of Georgia and South b Carolina. After the war he was twice P (in 1785 and 17! 4) elected governor of t South Carolina. While in command of d the military forces, Gen. Moultrie felt h the necessity of a Hag for signals, and C casting about for a design, his eye fell f upon the blue uniform ot tne state t; troops and the silver crescent on the C front of their caps. On September 13, c 1775, a blue tlag with a silver crescent k in the upper corner next the staff wav- I ed over Fort Jackson, on James Island, t Afterwards the words, "Liberty or b Death," were added. * This was the first r independence flag that floated over t <3,.nth Capiilina viiil It was the same ( flag that was rescued by Sergent Jas- S per in the attack of June 28, 1776. La- r ter, by order of the general assembly, f this flag, with the addition of the sil- n per palmetto tree in the center, was f adopted as the flag of the state. The v palmetto was added, not because it u grows and flourishes on our coast, for f it grows elsewhere as well, but because v of the signal victories won in this his- a toric palmetto fort. The fort was ap- t parently very slight in construction, a and the casual observer, unacquainted t with the nature of the palmetto log, t would never appreciate its powers of 1 resistance. The wood is extremely t porous, but its power to receive and v resist the impact of shot and shell is t tremendous. Hi sides, it is very dura- d ble, and for this reason is preferred to every other kind of wood for wharves, f This apparently crude fort of slight s I'Miiulnii'l ion withstood the ret ten ted at- I tacks made upon it. On one occasion a Governor John Rutledge received an d order to have it evacuated at once, to P which he made his noted reply: "I will sooner cut off my right hand than e write such an order." a Under the illustrious leadership of n Gen. Moultrie one of the world's great 1> I attics was fought and won behind h these palmetto logs, and ever since the palmetto has borne the place of honor upon our Hag, our state seal and the j] insignia of various orders. t What a pity that this proud emblem j| was ever degraded by being put on a a whisky bottle, but historic truth com- s pels us to record it, even though it be s with shame that we confess it. Hut r the wrong has been righted and the r injury repaired so far as state legisla- f tion can effect it. Never again should r we permit this historic emblem of such | momentous worth to suffer stain or ^ degradation. < on April 12, 1910, the forty-ninth v anniversary of the firing on Fort Sum- p ter, the 1 attleship "South Carolina," a one of tiie greatest lighting machines t in the American navy, in Charleston r hnrl'nr wns* iiri>M(*ntpi1 with n ( oath' silver service and a handsome pal- s met to Hag wrought in silk. Governor t Ansel, in a .fitting manner presented s the silver service, while Mrs. H. Moul- \ trie Hrattmi of Yorkville. state regent of the Daughters of the American Rev- ( olution, in a brilliant speech presented (l our state Hag. Roth were accepted with appreciation, and thus our state , and national emblems tloat the high | seas together, symbolizing to all for- a eign powers the greatness and the uni- j tv, and the strength, and the glory, of I oth our state and our nation. ,, The colonial Hags were of various v designs and colors, it being sufficient s f ground and cross differed. Often a )ine tree or a hemisphere was figured 11 the left-hand quarter of the cross, md one flag had only the tree for a lymbol. The Revolutionary controversies brought forth all manner of de ices for flags and banners, the larger jortion bearing mottoes more or less lefiant of the British government. The :wo flags most used in those days vere of the pine-tree and rattlesnake jattern. Soon after the battle of Lexngton, the volunteers from Connecti*ut put on their flags the arms of the olony, with a legend "Qui Transtulit Sustinet," (He who brought us over mstains us). The colonial flag of New Amsterdam, carried by armed vessels sailing out of Mew York, had as its principal figure i weaver, indicative ot nom uie muuary of the Dutch people and the wealth if the fur trade. A month after the lattle of Bunker Hill, Putrnan display d a flag from a red ground, having on me side the Connecticut motto, and 011 he other side words then recognized is the motto of Massachusetts. "An Appeal to Heaven." Tradition has it hat at that battle a large red flag was lisplayed with the defiant taunt. Come, if you dare." The earliest vessels sailing under Washington's authority displayed the line tree flag, though a combination ?f that and other flags was sometimes ised. A device seen on many flags of | hat period consisted of a mailed hand grasping a bundle of thirteen arrows. )ne of the most famous was the ratlesnake flag, which originated with Jenjamin Franklin twenty years heore the Revolution when he was edior of the Philadelphia Gazette. In an tamest appeal for a union of the colmies against the attacks of the French, le showed a wood cut representing a nake separated into parts, each part narked with the initial of one of the olontes, and underneath the motto Unite or die." On February 9, 1776, Col. Christoiher Gadsden of South Carolina, pre entea 10 tne continental congress ah levant standard such as is to he used by the commander-in-chief of the American Navy." It was of a bright ellow color, the center bearing the lively representation of a rattlesnake n 'the attitude of preparing to strike." "he motto beneath was "Don't tread on ne." Congress adopted the design, irhich was afterwards much used. In ome cases the snake was shown as undulating across the Held." As the palmetto occupies a promiient position on both our flag and seal f slate, reference should also be made o the latter. On both sides of the hield are typified and perpetuated cenes of historic interest. The scenes re laid on the water front at Charleson, because many of the battles of the Levolutionary war were fought at and ear that city. On one side of the hield is represented the fallen trunk f an oak tree, torn out by the roots, he body frayed by cannon balls. This epr<-sents the fallen mother country. )ut of this fallen trunk has sprung a lew tree standing; erect, which is "the ree of the Palmetto State." About its ase are bound twelve arrows, thus epresenting the tie between South Carolina and the other twelve ?olonies, nth the motto "Quis Separabit," Who shall separate us?) On the two ides of the tree and just below its ranches are two smaller shields, lendant, one inscribed March 26, and he other July 4, referring to the two oclarations of independence, the one y the Provincial congress of South Carolina on March 26th, 1776, declaring or independence and state sovereigny, and the other the declaration of the Continental congress of the thirteen olonies on July 4, 1776, commonly nown as the Declaration of American ndependence. In the circle enclosing he whole is the motto "Anirnis Opi us(|ue Parati." (Prepared in mind and esources). Beneath the oak tree is he motto "Meliorem Lapsa Loeavit," The fallen oak sustains a better rowth or tree?Palmetto). The oak eferred to the timbers of whieh the iritish shi)>s were built, while the palrietto referred to the timbers in the ort behind whose walls the victorias won. Underneath are the- figires 1776, referring to the year the irst constitution for South Carolina i-as framed, and to the battle fought t Sullivan's Island June 28, 1776, and o the Declaration of Independence, rid to the year the seal was ordered o be made. The arms on the front of he shield were designed by William lenry Drayton, who was president of he Provincial congress, and the reerse of the arms was designed by Arhur Middleton, father of Henry Midleton, one time governor. On the other side of the shield the Joddess of American Liberty is preented standing on the shore with the tritish implements of war, the battle xe, the sword, the scimiter, etc., uner her feet. In her right hand is the ialni branch of welcome to all wno ome to our hospitable shore from othr countries, while across the waters rises the sun of a new nation with the lotto "Dum, Spiro, Spero," (While 1 rent he, I hope). Within the field benv the ligure is inscribed the word Spes," (Hope). Thus both our state flag and the ofleial seal of state relate to great hisorie facts and events that transpired it the early days. It is of vital importnee that the knowledge of these events hould be imparted to the youth of our tate. Perhaps there has been too nueh negligence in the past in this espeet. Thanks to Governor Ansel i?r his message to the general assembly eeommending the display of our state lag on public buildings and school louses as provided in the act above ited. During his administration of four ears, now fast drawing to a close, he las sought, by both precept and eximple, to create a greater interest in he history of our state and to pronote the welfare of our schools and olleges, and especially our public chools. There is a wealth of historic ruth related to every section of our late. May the time be not far distant then all these historic facts and vents will he compiled by some inaser mind, and made available for all >ur people. Hut as South Carolina was not only me of the original thirteen colonies, nit is today one of the forty-six states, iitcl is loyal to the American Union of destructible states, we should place old fjlory" high overall. South Car lina was one of the thirteen states vhen this new constellation was prelented to the world, on June 14. 1777, congress patriotically resolved: "That the tlag of the United States he thirteen stripes, alternatively red and white; the union he thirteen stars, white in a blue field, presenting a new constellation." It has been surmised that they were introduced as a compliment to Washington, on whose coat of arms both the stripes and stars appear. hut this is only speculation. Still, the Father of his Country had much to do with the origin of the Stars and Stripes. It >vas he, assisted by a committee, who directed the preparation of the first design. They called upon Mrs. Elizabeth Ross. No. 239 Arch' otroot T'hilnrioliihia. between Mav 23.1 and June 1, 1777, and requested her to prepare a flag. Washington had a rough draft In which the stars were six-pointed. Mrs. Ross proved that the five-pointed ones would look better. and her suggestion was adopted. She had the flag finished by the next day. and it was received with great admiration wherever displayed. She was a manufacturer of flags for the government for many years. While I was in Philadelphia on a recent occasion her place of residence was pointed out to me. The flag of 1777 differed from that of today only in that it had but thirteen stars in the field, which were arranged In the form of a circle. The blue field, it is believed, was taken from the banner of the Scotch Covenanters, to signify the league and covenant of the united colonies against opposition, and symbolizing vigilance, perseverance and justice. On September 3, 1777, the flag was officially promulgated at Philadelphia, and eight days thereafter was carried in the battle of Rrandywine. An important change was ordered by congress to take effect on May 1, 1795. Then and after the flag was to contain fifteen stars and fifteen stripes, and one of each was to he added with the admission of every new state. The additional two were displayed because of the admission of Vermont and Kentucky. The Constitution, known as Old Ironsides, was the first ship to carry the fifteen starred-and-striped-banner to sea under canvas. It soon became evident that, with the continual addition of new states the beautiful symmetry of the flag in time would be destroyed. Hence congress on April 4, 1818 restored the number of stripes to thirteen, and ordered that a new star should be added on the 4th day of July succeeding the admission of every new state. "Old Glory" now shines with forty-six stars, and on the 4th of July next two more stars will appear, reoresenting the states of Arizona and New Mexico in this bright constellation. Although we are one of the youngest nations, our Hag is among the oldest. The Hag of Great Britain, as it at present appears, was adopted in 1801; that of Spain in 1785, while the tri-color of France, also of red, white and blue, took form in 1794. Portugal did not adopt its present flag until 1830; Italy in 1848, and the German empire in 1871. Our banner, it may moreover be said, has 1 een through more battles and has waved over more victories on tond and sea than any other flag in the world. No European Hag has had so many to die in its defense. More than a million men have laid down their lives that "Old Glory" should float aloft, and millions more stand ready 10 rusn III IIS UCience <igu.iuai aasauu from any and every quarter. It is a great thing to live today. No age in the history of the world has witnessed so many achievements on the land, on the sea, and in the air. Of all the nations of the earth, ours is not only the youngest, hut the greatest in achievement, in art, in science, in commerce and in the up-lift of humanity. This is, indeed, "the land of the free and the home of the brave." Not only is this 'the greatest age of the world in which to live, but, we think, the greatest place in which to live is the North American continent, and the greatest place on that continent, South Carolina, and the greatest place in South Carolina, Walhalla, the county seat of Oconee. We trust the last clause in this deck-ration will not involve us again in internal warfare with our neighbors, far or near. In conclusion, we wish to congratulate the pupils and patrons and trustees of the Walhalla High School on its able corps of teachers, under the supervision of its new superintendent May the ensuing year lie the best in its history. Let the Stars and Stripes and the Palmetto float together, symbolizing the unity, and the strength and the glory of our state and nation, at home and abroad. May virtue, and happin ss, and freedom, and peace forever follow where they twain shall lead the way. How he Gritted His Teeth. "I have had disagreeable duties to perform," said Mr. Roosevelt to his Brooklyn audience Wednesday evening. "but when such duties came I gritted tnv teeth and did them." Yes. Ho hated to accept the $260,000 campaign fund collected by Mr. Harriman, but he gritted his teeth and took it. He hated to accept the $150,000 campaign contribution from the life insurance companies, but he gritted his teeth and took it. He hated to let Mr. Cortelyou fry the fat from the sugar trust, beef trust, coal trust, oil trust, paper trust and steel trust, but he gritted his teeth and did it. He hated to reject the Karle evidence on which the sugar trust has since been prosecuted under Mr. Taft but he gritted his teeth and did it. Me naieu 10 commaoueer ?iuu,wi worth of free transportation anil refreshments from the Pennsylvania railroad, hut he gritted his teeth and did it. He hated to accept the aid and comfort of the man whom he described after the MeKinley assassination as appealing "to the dark and evil spirits of malice and greed, envy and sullen hatred," hut he gritted his teeth and did it. In 1912 he will hate to break his pledge of 1904 hv being a candidate again for president. Rut he will grit his teeth!?New York World. i.'- The governments of Australia and New Zealand have decided to establish a system of wireless telegraphy which will be under their control and which will embrace various groups of: British islands. TARGET SHOTTING EFFICENCY. Columbia State Makes Another Contribution to the Subject. The following appears in a statement prepared by Lieutenant Colonel Lindsay and read at tho National Guard association meeting in Columbia last Wednesday: "Perhaps there exists an erroneous impression as to the national rifle match at Camp Perry, Ohio, as compared to other encampments of the National Guard. There is no difference. It is an encampment under orders just the same as the encampment of the Second and Third regiments at Chickamauga Park. Ga., this year and the first regiment at Aiken or any encampment for rifle shooting held In the state. The members tak ing pari m mis snoui irom ,-iouiii Carolina and from any other state consist of tvt'elve men who shoot, three alternates, a team captain, a coach, a spotter and a range officer?nineteen in all. Every man named, be he one of the twelve who shoot or not, is there under orders. I have gone to Camp Perry as a member of the South Carolina team for several years past and I went under orders and with a specific duty. Why the Columbia State has seen fit to single mo out from among the other officers going to Camp Perry and the various rifle contests held in the state and not shooting, I can't say. but on looking over the reports made by Maj. Hyde of the national rifle matches, which appear in the adjutant general's annual reports, I find that he only mentions the men who shoot on the range, and. as I say. perhaps from this, an Impression has arisen that only these particular men were entitled to go." It is not a fact that The State singled out Colonel Lindsay from among the officers going to Camp Perry. In introducing his statement he said he had not answered the articles In The State "First, because I decline to be drawn into a newspaper controversy, and, second, becauso my name was mentioned in connection with two officers superior In rank." It was a triple, not a sing.e, on The Stato's part. Further, The State has "attacked" no one. There Is no animosity toward these officials. The State is seeking no scalps. But in an effort to help the rifle team, flying signals of distress. and to aid the militia. The State has propounded some of the questions that men of the rifle team and officers of the militia are daily asking in private. It was alleged in a communication to the newspapers from a member of the rifle team that the riflemen were hampered for lack of funds. The State printed another letter rrom a rifleman suggesting that if the available funds were expended for the good of the service they would be sufficient. Then to indicate one considerable item of expense not considered for the good of the service it was shown that the shoot at Camp Perry was attended by Gen. Boyd, Colonel Prock and Lieutenant Colonel Lindsay. The State showed that the pay of these officers?exclusive of expenses?for one Camp Perry shoot, was $593, and we asked what they, or either of them did to further the fortunes of the rifle team. That question is unanswered but Lieutenant Colonel Lindsay, in his statement, says he has attended the Camp Perry shoot for several years past, "as a member of the team" and "under orders, with a specific duty." As an authorized team is composed of twelve riflemen, three alternate riflemen, one team captain, one coach, one spotter and one range officer, and a:i neither General Boyd. Colonel Brock, nor Lieutenant Colonel Lindsay particinr riflomon fw pfintflin nr fenfire officer, it would be interesting to know what posts they filled?who was spotter, who was the coach, and what berth did the third occupy? Neither is competent to be a coach. Weeks of coaching might develop a serviceable spotter out of one of the colonels, but why pay an untrained colonel to do that which an equally untrained private or non-commissioned officer, accustomed to target shooting, would do very much better? Lack of proper coaching is the chief reason assigned by a riflemancorrespondent for South Carolina's poor showing on the Camp Perry ranges. Why are there not a competent coach and other aids? Is it because officers of high rank, totally] incompetent to perform the work needed, are assigned to those places so that they may draw "pay for rank?" Who does the assigning? The State's call for light is not "popular." it is rather calculated to increase the number of The State's enemies, but in seeking for a fair showing for the man behind tho gun, and a square showing for South Carolina the obligation is clear.?Columbia State. November 5. WEEVILS IN CORN. Clemson Extension Work Article XXIV, Gives Some Valuable Pointers. The weevils lay their eggs in the seed where the young larvae eat the starch. When full grown they change tn the dormant or pupai stage, uom which the full grown weevil emerges and works its way out to lay the eggs for another generation. The entire time, from egg laying to the development of the full grown weevil, requires about six weeks. The first step in controlling corn weevils is to select the seed corn in the field, paying special attention to the ears that are well covered by the shuck, and if possible, that hang with the pointed end downward. This is an important precaution, although not sufficient to fully protect the corn in tile cribs. Treatment of Corn In Cribs. Carbon bisulphide is a colorless liquid with a strong, disabreeable odor, It vaporizes rapidly at ordinary temperatures is highly inflammable and wlvn ignited is explosive. It is. therefore. important to keep away fire of any kind, whether flame, stove, lantern. embers, lighted pipe or cigar. This chemical is very widely used at present, and when tho above precautions are observed there are no dangers from accident. It may be purchased at any drug store or chemical wholesale house, ranging from ten to twenty-five cents per pound. The brand that has given the best satisfaction in our experimental work is named Fuma and costs about ten cents a pound. The liquid and vapor coming front it are heavier than air anil will sink, therefore the application is made at the top of the crib and not I from below. Fumigation should be done on warm days as volatilization Is slower In cold weather and consequently less effective. Assuming that the crib Is moderately tight, it is used at the rate of three pounds to 100 bushels of grain, or approximately 1,000 cubic feet of space, the latter being for an empty crib. It should be repeated In ten days. It may be distributed in several shallow vessels, but the simplest way is to sprinkle it over the top like water and if blankets are available the surface of the corn should be covered, vvnere me Din- is open, mtbest possible thing to do is to make it tight. In case of log cribs, this may be accomplished by means of canvas tacked over the walls. Where only a small quantity of grain is to be fumigated, such as seed coi n or cowpeas used for seed, it may be accomplished by pouring it in a coal oil or molasses barrel. Such a barrel will accommodate about three bushels. Three to five ounces of carbon bisulphide is poured over the surface and the barrel tightly closed for twenty-four to thirty-six hours. The top of the barrel may be made perfectly tight by covering it with several burlap bags weighted down with ^ boards. A permanent covering for * this purpose may be made by heavily painting a piece of canvas of proper size, which is then laid over the opening and a barrel hoop dropped over the top to hold it firmly In position. Carbon bisulphide is not poisonous nor caustic. It drives the air from the space to which It is applied and causes suffocation. When overcome by this gas in a building, the symptoms consist of a dry feeling of the skin and a streaked headache, accompanied by dizziness. This will pass off immediately after a person reaches the fresh air. It is not advisable that people affected with heart trouble handle this gas to any great extent. Among other methods for controlling weevils, lime and salt are sometimes recommended. These materials are not nearly as effective as fumigation, while the decrease in the paiatability of the corn where lime is employed, makes the use of this materia! objectionable. The use of each does not decrease the palatablllty but, in order inai u may do any good at all It must be used at -? heavy rate. A fair application would consist of seventy-five to 100 pounds of salt to 300 Bushels of corn. Fetter permeation Is secured when applying It In solution at the rate of two pounds of salt to one gallon of water. It must be applied when the corn Is put In the crib. Prof. A. F. Conrad 1, S. C. Experiment Station Entomo'ogist. PARADISE FOR BEARS. Grizzlies So Tame In the Northwest They Eat From the Hand of Man. A grizzlies' paradise par excellence has been located In a great berry patch along the International boundaiy line between the Dominion and Alaska, about thirty miles inland from Taku Arm. The bear are of the species known as the Alaska brown. They range in size from cubs of two feet from muzzle to tall, to aged monsters ten feet long. To shoot them would be wanton slaughter. Abundance of food has robbed them of their fierce Instincts. So tame have they become that they established a peace pact with a Dominion government survey party which spent the summsr in that vicinity, engaged in the work of dellmlnating the boundary line. The grizzlies, young and old. paid frequent visits to the camp when seeking change of diet, and became so friendly that they would stand up on their hind legs to grab choice ti.lbits thrown at them from the cookhouse. This was the remarkable story related In all seriousness by Mr. H. S. Mussel), of Ottawa, who has Just arrived here. He has been engaged In boundary survey work since 1904. His experience this summer was unique. Mr. Mussell, his assistant, Mr. N. J. Ogllvie. and eight men arrived on the Princess Beatrice from Juneau. "That Is the greatest bear country In existence. I never saw anything to equal it, even on the Stlklne river, where I put In several seasons," said Mr. Mussell in relating various incidents of the season's work. "We soon realized that the animals, thanks to an abundant food supply, were disposed to be friendly. They never attempted to molest us from the very start, and they soon Inaugurated a series of daily visits to the tamp They were a little shy at first, but the smell of frying bacon proved irresistible. At last they would approach within twenty yards, sometimes half a dozen at a time, and stand on their hind legs to grab at the feed we threw at them. "The animals finally undertook to visit the camp at night to forage for themselves. This we did not like, as we feared they might stray into our sleeping tents. However, I must say they respected our privacy, and the meat supplies were cached out of sight. It was also not uncommon to meet them on the trail up to a glacier, where we were engaged in triangulatlon work. We usually gave them the rleht of way. Once Jack Sheppard, of Xanaimo, one of my assistants, met four big, brown bears three miles from Camp. Jack must have been in bad humor that day, or else he feared an attack, for he leveled his rifle and blazed away. He killed three, and the other monster, mortally wounded, managed to escape. After that the bears did not visit our camp so often." Mr. Mussell describes the country as the roughest region he had ever visited. It is a vast series of high peaks, covered with glaciers or eternal snows. It was impossible to plant boundary pillars, and tne triangulan-tion work and photographs will form the record of the location of the boundary in that locality. In all about 400 square miles of the territory were covered. This involved the climbing of high peaks, some of them having an elevation of over 8,000 feet. Several glaciers had to be scaled. The men had to be roped together in order to make the perilous ascent. One false step and death would have resulted, as the glaciers were unusually gashed with deep crevasses. "We resumed the work left off In 1900 at Boundary Peak, on Devil's Paw, as it is described in the award u - I (rlhnnal " suirt Mr Ill lilt- J/W1I14V?I? Mussell. "We were on Muddy river, a tributary of the Taku. It rises at the foot of a glacier which I believe to be the largest ice field in the world. This glacier, not counting its arms and the snows in the vicinity, is easily twenty-four miles long. We scaled and crossed it at different points, and I can assure you it was exciting work, Here and there, owing to thaws, there existed a series of depressions or lakes in the glaciers. On two occasions they wore thiough the Icy banks and swept down the mountain side with the speed of an avalanche. In eight hours the river rose twenty-two feet, compelling us to move our camp and supplies to a higher location. We got out in a hurry. The region we visited is about 100 miles from Skagway. It is the roughest place I ?v *. s ei>. * zigzags a good deal, but in a general way it is about thirty miles from the coast."?Vancouver correspondent St. Louis Globe-Democrat.